AP English Language and Composition Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 9743033061 | Allegory | The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically. |  | 0 |
| 9743033062 | Antecedent | Word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun. |  | 1 |
| 9743033063 | Antithesis | Opposition or contrast of ideas through parallelism. |  | 2 |
| 9743033064 | Aphorism | Early to bed and early to rise help make a man healthy, wealthy, and wise. -Ben Franklin |  | 3 |
| 9743033065 | Apostrophe | "Oh, Captain, my Captain, our fearful trip is done..." |  | 4 |
| 9743033066 | Colloquial/Colloquialism | The use of slang or informalities in speech or writing. |  | 5 |
| 9743033067 | Conceit | A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor. |  | 6 |
| 9743033068 | Euphemism | correctional facility = jail between jobs = unemployed | 7 | |
| 9743033069 | Homily | This term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice. |  | 8 |
| 9743033070 | Invective | An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language. |  | 9 |
| 9743033071 | Metonymy | a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. |  | 10 |
| 9743033072 | Anaphora | The exact repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of successive lines or sentences. |  | 11 |
| 9743033073 | Pedantic | An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish |  | 12 |
| 9743033074 | Prose | one of the major divisions of genre, prose refers to fiction and nonfiction, including all its forms. |  | 13 |
| 9743033075 | Semantics | The branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words. |  | 14 |
| 9743033076 | Syllogism | A deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion. |  | 15 |
| 9743033077 | Synecdoche | A figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent the whole. |  | 16 |
| 9743033078 | Synesthesia | When one kind of sensory stimulus evokes the subjective experience of another. |  | 17 |
| 9743033079 | Apologia | A written or spoken defense of one's beliefs and actions. |  | 18 |
| 9743033080 | Epigram | A brief witty statement. |  | 19 |
| 9743033081 | Digression | The use of material unrelated to the subject of a work. |  | 20 |
| 9743033082 | Ellipsis | The omission of a word or several words. |  | 21 |
| 9743033083 | Ad Hominem | Attacking a speaker's character instead of to their argument. |  | 22 |
| 9743033084 | Anachronism | A person, scene, event or other element that fails to correspond with the appropriate time or era. |  | 23 |
| 9743033085 | Didactic | Having an instructive purpose; intending to convey information to teach a lesson usually in a dry, pompous manner. |  | 24 |
| 9743033086 | Fallacy | An incorrect belief or supposition based on faulty data, defective evidence, or false information. |  | 25 |
| 9743033087 | Hubris | Excessive pride that often brings about one's fall. |  | 26 |
| 9743033088 | Alliteration | Repetition of consonant sounds, usually at the beginnings of words |  | 27 |
| 9743033089 | Litotes | A form of understatement in which the negative of the contrary is used to achieve emphasis or intensity. |  | 28 |
| 9743033090 | Paradox | A statement or idea that seems contradictory but is in fact true. |  | 29 |
| 9743033091 | Non Sequitur | A statement or idea that fails to follow logically from the one before. |  | 30 |
| 9743033092 | Anecdote | A short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person. |  | 31 |
| 9743033093 | Jargon | Special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group. |  | 32 |
| 9743033094 | Taciturn | Not talking much, reserved; silent, holding back in conversation. | 33 | |
| 9743033095 | Dogmatic | Inclined to lay down principles as incontrovertibly true. |  | 34 |
| 9743033096 | Pernicious | Having a harmful effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way. |  | 35 |
| 9743033097 | Bellicose | Demonstrating aggression and willingness to fight. |  | 36 |
| 9743033098 | Voracious | Craving or consuming large quantities of food. |  | 37 |
| 9743033099 | Zealous | Having or showing zeal. |  | 38 |
| 9743033100 | Tacit | Understood or implied without being stated. |  | 39 |
| 9743033101 | Innuendo | An allusive or oblique remark or hint, typically a suggestive or disparaging one. |  | 40 |
| 9743033102 | Lackadaisical | Displaying or having a disinclination for physical exertion or effort; slow and relaxed. |  | 41 |
| 9743033103 | Consecrate | Make or declare (something, typically a church) sacred; dedicate formally to a religious or divine purpose. |  | 42 |
| 9743033104 | Chiasmus | A type of parallelism in which elements are reversed. "Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country." |  | 43 |
| 9743033105 | Loose Sentence | A sentence in which the subject and verb come at the front of the sentence. | 44 | |
| 9743033106 | Petulant | Childishly sulky or bad-tempered. | 45 | |
| 9743033107 | Periodic Sentence | A sentence in which the subject and verb come toward the end of the sentence. | 46 | |
| 9743033108 | Exhort | Strongly encourage or urge someone to do something. |  | 47 |
| 9743033109 | Cloistered | Kept away from the outside world; sheltered. |  | 48 |
| 9743033110 | Sarcasm | Caustic, bitter language--iterally means "to tear the flesh." | 49 | |
| 9743033111 | Independent Clause | A complete sentence. | 50 | |
| 9743033112 | Dependent Clause | Includes a subordinate conjunction, such as because, while, etc. | 51 | |
| 9743033113 | Allusion | A reference to something (e.g., a book, a movie, an historical event) that is presumed to be well known to the audience. | 52 | |
| 9743033114 | Satire | A work that pokes fun human vices and follies in order to call attention to a larger problem. |  | 53 |
| 9743033115 | Parody | A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule. |  | 54 |
| 9743033116 | Coup de Grace | The "death blow"--the culminating event in a bad situation. |  | 55 |
| 9743033117 | Coup d'Etat | Literally "blow to the state"--a violent overthrow. |  | 56 |
| 9743033118 | Faux Pas | A social misstep or inappropriate action. | 57 | |
| 9743033119 | Laissez-Faire | Literally "allow to do"--letting things run their natural course; hands off. | 58 | |
| 9743033120 | En Masse | In a body as a whole; as a group. | 59 | |
| 9743033121 | Proprietary | Characteristic of an owner of property; constituting property. | 60 | |
| 9743033122 | Propriety | The quality of behaving in a proper manner; obeying rules and customs. | 61 | |
| 9743033123 | Imminent | About to happen. | 62 | |
| 9743033124 | Eminent | Famous, outstanding, distinguished. | 63 | |
| 9743033125 | Ego | According to Freud, the decision-making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle. | 64 | |
| 9743033126 | Superego | According to Freud, that facet of the psyche that represents the internalized ideals and values of one's parents and society | 65 | |
| 9743033127 | Id | Literally the "It"--our base impulses, driven by selfishness and greed, for example. | 66 | |
| 9743033128 | Hamartia | A character's error in judgment that contributes to one's downfall. | 67 | |
| 9743033129 | Orwellian | The manipulation of language and ideas to control and obstruct the truth. | 68 | |
| 9743033130 | Autonomos | Independent, self-governing, not under the control of something or someone else. |  | 69 |
AP Psychology THINKING & LANGUAGE Flashcards
Thinking Problem Solving Creativity and Language
Terms : Hide Images
| 8280612509 | cognition | all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. |  | 0 |
| 8280612510 | Concept | a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people |  | 1 |
| 8280612511 | Prototype | a standard or typical example (Is that a computer screen that BENDS?!) |  | 2 |
| 8280612512 | algorithm | a precise rule (or set of rules) specifying how to solve some problem |  | 3 |
| 8280612513 | Heuristic | a commonsense rule (or set of rules) intended to increase the probability of solving some problem |  | 4 |
| 8280612514 | Insight | A cognitive form of learning involving the mental rearragnment or restructuring of the elements in a problem to achieve an understanding or the problem and arrive at a solution |  | 5 |
| 8280612516 | Confirmation bias | a tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions |  | 6 |
| 8280612517 | fixation | the inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set |  | 7 |
| 8280612518 | Mental Set | a tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past |  | 8 |
| 8280612519 | Functional fixedness | the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving (Is a shoe just a shoe?) |  | 9 |
| 8280612520 | Representative heuristic | judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevent information |  | 10 |
| 8280612521 | Availability heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind, we presume such events are common |  | 11 |
| 8280612522 | Overconfidence | total certainty or greater certainty than circumstances warrant |  | 12 |
| 8280612523 | Belief Perseverance | clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited |  | 13 |
| 8280612524 | Intuition | instinctive knowing (without the use of rational processes) |  | 14 |
| 8280612525 | Framing | the way an issue is posed |  | 15 |
| 8280612526 | Language | spoken, written or signed words, and the ways we use them to communicate. |  | 16 |
| 8280612527 | Phoneme | (linguistics) the smallest distinctive unit of sound |  | 17 |
| 8280612528 | Morpheme | smallest meaningful language unit |  | 18 |
| 8280612529 | Grammar | a system of linguistic rules that enables communication |  | 19 |
| 8280612530 | Semantics | the study of language meaning |  | 20 |
| 8280612531 | Syntax | the rules for grammatical arrangement of words in sentences |  | 21 |
| 8280612532 | Babbling Stage | beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household lanuage. |  | 22 |
| 8280612533 | One-word Stage | the stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words | 23 | |
| 8280612534 | Two-word stage | beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two-word statements | 24 | |
| 8280612535 | Telegraphic speech | early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram--'go car'--using mostly nouns and verbs and omitting 'auxiliary' words | 25 | |
| 8280612536 | Aphasia | impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage | 26 | |
| 8280612537 | Broca's area | controls the language expression; an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech | 27 | |
| 8280612538 | Wernicke's area | controls language reception—a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression, usually in the left temporal lobe | 28 | |
| 8280612539 | Linguistic determinism | Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think | 29 |
AP Language Rhetorical Terms Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7540707372 | abstract | Refers to language that describes concepts rather than concrete images |  | 0 |
| 7540707373 | allusion | A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art. Allusions can be historical, literary, religious, topical, or mythical. There are many more possibilities, and a work may simultaneously use multiple layers of allusion. |  | 1 |
| 7540707374 | analogy | A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them. An analogy can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with or pointing out its similarity to something more familiar. Analogies can also make writing more vivid, imaginative, or intellectually engaging. |  | 2 |
| 7540707375 | anecdote | is a brief, engaging account of some happening, often historical, biographical, or personal. As a technique in writing, anecdote is especially, effective in creating interesting essay introductions, and also an illuminating abstract concepts in the body of the essay. | | 3 |
| 7540707376 | antecedent | The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun. The AP language exam occasionally asks for the antecedent of a given pronoun in a long, complex sentence or in a group of sentences. |  | 4 |
| 7540707377 | antithesis | is the balancing of one idea or term against another for emphasis |  | 5 |
| 7540707378 | assumption | in argumentation is anything taken for granted or presumed to be accepted by the audience and therefore understated. This can be dangerous because the audience might not accept the idea implicit in them (circular reasoning, begging the question) |  | 6 |
| 7540707379 | colloquial language | Slang or common language that is informal |  | 7 |
| 7540707380 | connotation | An idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning, "shades of meaning" |  | 8 |
| 7540707381 | deductive reasoning | reasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case (The sun rises every morning; therefore, the sun will rise on Tuesday morning.) |  | 9 |
| 7540707382 | denotation | The dictionary definition of a word |  | 10 |
| 7540707383 | diction | the manner of expression in words, choice of words, or wording. Writers must choose vocabulary carefully and precisely to communicate a message and also to address an intended audience effectively. |  | 11 |
| 7540707384 | editorializing | To include personal opinions in a supposedly objective stories |  | 12 |
| 7540707385 | episodic | relates to the variety of narrative writing that develops through a series of incidents or events. |  | 13 |
| 7540707386 | fallacy | an error in logic or in the reasoning process. Fallacies occur because of vague development of ideas, lack of awareness of the speaker, or faulty assumptions about the proposition | | 14 |
| 7540707387 | generalization | is a broad idea or statement. All generalizations require particulars and illustrations to support them. |  | 15 |
| 7540707388 | genre | a type or form of literature - for example, short fiction, novel, poetry, essay, letter, editorial, speech, etc. |  | 16 |
| 7540707389 | hyperbole | A figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor |  | 17 |
| 7540707390 | hypothesis | A supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation. |  | 18 |
| 7540707391 | hypothetic | based on an assumption or guess; used as a provisional or tentative idea to guide or direct investigation |  | 19 |
| 7540707392 | imagery | is clear, vivid description that appeals to the sense of sight, smell, touch, sound, or taste. |  | 20 |
| 7540707393 | inference | A conclusion reached on the basis of (text) evidence and reasoning |  | 21 |
| 7540707394 | interrogative sentences | A sentence that asks a question |  | 22 |
| 7540707395 | irony | the use of language to suggest the opposite of what is stated. Writers use it to reveal unpleasant or troublesome realities that exist in life or to poke fun at human weaknesses and foolish attitude. |  | 23 |
| 7540707396 | jargon | special words associated with a specific area or knowledge or a particular profession. Writers who employ jargon either assume that readers know the specialized terms or take care to define terms for the benefit of the audience. |  | 24 |
| 7540707397 | juxtaposition | the placement of two things being close together (side by side) with contrasting effect |  | 25 |
| 7540707398 | logos | An appeal to reason. It occurs when a writer tries to convince you of the logic of his argument using facts and examples, and a generally rational tone to their language. The problem with logos is that is can appear reasonable until you dissect the argument and then find fallacies that defeat the viability of the argument on the reader's eyes. Of course, that presupposes that the readers is able to identify the fallacies. |  | 26 |
| 7540707399 | ethos | an appeal to credibility. The writer is seeking to convince you that he or she has the background, history, skills, and/or expertise to speak on the issue. |  | 27 |
| 7540707400 | pathos | An appeal to emotion. Typically, pathos arguments may use loaded words to make you feel guilty, lonely, worried, insecure, or confused. The easiest way to remember whats pathos arguments are is to see most advertising as a form of pathos argument. |  | 28 |
| 7540707401 | loaded words | Words that are emotionally charged--either positively or negatively. |  | 29 |
| 7540707402 | metaphor | A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable. |  | 30 |
| 7540707403 | mood | the creation of atmosphere in writing |  | 31 |
| 7540707404 | non sequitur | A statement that does not follow logically from evidence |  | 32 |
| 7540707405 | subjective/objective | writing refers to the attitude that writers take toward their subject. When writers are objective, they try not to report their personal feelings about the subject; they attempt to be detached, impersonal and unbiased. Conversely, subjective writing reveals an author's personal attitudes and emotions. |  | 33 |
| 7540707406 | paradox | A statement that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth. |  | 34 |
| 7540707407 | parallelism | Parallelism is the use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same; or similar in their construction, sound, meaning or meter. |  | 35 |
| 7540707408 | purpose | is what the writer wants to accomplish in an essay. |  | 36 |
| 7540707409 | refutation | in argumentation is a method by which writers recognize and deal effectively with the arguments of their opponents. Their own argument will be stronger if they refute - prove false or weak - all opposing arguments. |  | 37 |
| 7540707410 | rhetoric | is the art of using words effectively in speaking or writing. |  | 38 |
| 7540707411 | rhetorical question | is a question asked only to emphasize a point, introduce a topic, or provoke thought, but not to elicit an answer. |  | 39 |
| 7540707412 | satire | A humorous literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies. |  | 40 |
| 7540707413 | style | is the specific or characteristic manner of expression, execution, construction, or design of a writer. As a manner or mode of expression of language, it is the unique way each writer handles ideas. |  | 41 |
| 7540707414 | symbol | is something - normally a concrete image - that exists in itself but also stands for something else or has a greater meaning. |  | 42 |
| 7540707415 | tone | is the writer's attitude toward his or her subject or material. A writer's tone may be objective, subjective, comic, ironic, nostalgic, critical, reflective, etc. |  | 43 |
| 7540707416 | transition | is the linking of ideas in sentences, paragraphs, and larger segments of an essay in order to achieve coherence. |  | 44 |
| 7540707417 | understatement | a method of making a weaker statement than is warranted by truth, accuracy, or importance. |  | 45 |
| 7540707418 | voice | is the way you express your ideas to the reader, the tone you take in addressing your audience. Voice reflects your personality and attitude both towards the subject and your audience. |  | 46 |
| 7540707419 | syntax | The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language. |  | 47 |
| 7540707420 | warrant | to give adequate reasons/justification for a claim |  | 48 |
| 7540707421 | qualify | to limit, modify, or restrict a claim in order to clarify its' validity |  | 49 |
Flashcards
AP Language vocab set 5 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 6161581060 | Apogee | n. the highest or most distant point; the climax | 0 | |
| 6161581061 | Bevy | n. a group of birds or animals; a large group or collection | 1 | |
| 6161582192 | Breach | n. an infraction or violation of law | 2 | |
| 6161584564 | Carmine | n. a crimson or purplish color | 3 | |
| 6161584565 | Categorical | adj. unambiguously direct or explicit | 4 | |
| 6161588147 | Convalesce | v. to recover health and strength aver illness | 5 | |
| 6161590210 | Diffident | adj. timid and shy; reserved in manner or conduct; lacking confidence | 6 | |
| 6161590211 | Disingenuous | adj. insincere; lacking in candor or sincerity | 7 | |
| 6161592815 | Excoriation | n. the act of denouncing or berating severely 2) the act of stripping or removing skin | 8 | |
| 6161592816 | Exculpate | v. to clear from a charge of guilt; to free from blame; to vindicate | 9 | |
| 6161595528 | Fey | adj. supernatural; unreal; enchanted; whimsically strange and otherworldly | 10 | |
| 6161603097 | Incense | v. to inflame with wrath; to make angry; to enrage | 11 | |
| 6161603098 | Noxious | adj. harmful to health or well-being | 12 | |
| 6161604588 | Omnipotent | adj. almighty or infinite in power | 13 | |
| 6161612282 | Perfuse | v. to overspread with moisture and color; to diffuse | 14 | |
| 6161623069 | Quotidian | adj. daily; usual or customary; everyday and ordinary | 15 | |
| 6161623070 | Rancid | adj. having a rank, unpleasant smell or taste | 16 | |
| 6161626110 | Sequester | v. to remove or withdraw into solitude or retirement; to separate | 17 | |
| 6161626111 | Tremulous | adj. timid; shaking; quivering in fear | 18 | |
| 6161628323 | Upbraid | v. to find fault with; to censure; to reproach severely | 19 |
AP Language Vocabulary Unit 10 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 8882926002 | Askance | adverb 1. with suspicion, distrust, or disapproval | 0 | |
| 8882926003 | Attenuate | verb 1. to make thin or slender 2. to weaken or lessen in force, intensity, or value | 1 | |
| 8882926004 | Benign | adjective 1. gentle, kind 2. forgiving, understanding 3. having a favorable or beneficial effect 4. not malignant | 2 | |
| 8882926005 | Cavil | verb 1. to find fault in a petty way, carp noun 1. an unimportant objection or criticism | 3 | |
| 8882926006 | Charlatan | noun 1. one who feigns knowledge or ability 2. a pretender, imposter, or quack | 4 | |
| 8882926007 | Decimate | verb 1. to kill or destroy a large part of | 5 | |
| 8882926008 | Foible | noun 1. a weak point, failing, minor flaw S: shortcoming, defect, quirk A: forte, virtue | 6 | |
| 8882926009 | Forgo | verb 1. to do without, abstain from, give up S: refrain from, renounce A: indulge in, partake of | 7 | |
| 8882926010 | Fraught | adjective 1. full of or loaded with 2. accompanied by S: charged with A: devoid of, lacking, deficient in | 8 | |
| 8882926011 | Inure | verb 1. to toughen, harden 2. to render used to something by long subjection or exposure S: accustom, acclimate | 9 | |
| 8882926012 | Luminous | adjective 1. emitting or reflecting light, glowing 2. illuminating S: radiant, bright, refulgent, lustrous A: dark, opaque, dim, murky | 10 | |
| 8882926013 | Obsequious | adjective 1. marked by slavish attentiveness 2. excessively submissive, often for purely self-interested reasons S: fawning, servile, sycophantic, mealy-mouthed A: assertive, bumptious, overbearing, candid, frank, independent | 11 | |
| 8882926014 | Obtuse | adjective 1. blunt, not coming to a point 2. slow or dull in understanding 3. measuring between 90 and 180 degrees 4. not causing a sharp impression S: stupid, dumb, thick, mild, dull-witted A: acute, perceptive, quick-witted | 12 | |
| 8882926015 | Oscillate | verb 1. to swing back and forth with a steady rhythm, to fluctuate or waver S: vibrate, facilitate | 13 | |
| 8882926016 | Penitent | adjective 1. regretful for one's sins or mistakes noun 1. one who is sorry for wrongdoing S (adj): remorseful, regretful, rueful, sorry A (adj): unrepentant, remorseless | 14 | |
| 8882926017 | Peremptory | adjective 1. having the nature of a command that leaves no opportunity for debate, denial, or refusal 2. offensively self-assured, dictatorial 3. determined, resolute S: high-handed, unconditional A: irresolute, tentative, mild, unassuming | 15 | |
| 8882926018 | Rebuff | verb 1. to snub 2. to repel, drive away noun 1. a curt rejection, a check S (v): spurn, repulse, reject; (n) setback A (v): accept, welcome | 16 | |
| 8882926019 | Reconnoiter | verb 1. to engage in reconnaissance 2. to make preliminary inspection S: scout | 17 | |
| 8882926020 | Shambles | noun 1. a slaughterhouse 2. a place of mass bloodshed 3. a state of complete disorder and confusion, mess | 18 | |
| 8882926021 | Sporadic | adjective 1. occurring at irregular intervals, having no set plan or order S: intermittent, spasmodic A: constant, steady, continuous, uninterrupted | 19 |
AP English Language and Composition Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 9767548314 | Allegory | The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent and abstraction in addition to literal meaning. | | 0 |
| 9767548315 | Antecedent | Word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun. | | 1 |
| 9767548316 | Antithesis | Opposition or contrast of ideas through parallelism. | | 2 |
| 9767548317 | Aphorism | Terse statement of unknown authorship which expresses a general truth or moral | | 3 |
| 9767548318 | Apostrophe | A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. | | 4 |
| 9767548319 | Colloquial/Colloquialism | The use of slang or informalities in speech or writing. | | 5 |
| 9767548320 | Conceit | A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects. | | 6 |
| 9767548321 | Euphemism | A more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept. |  | 7 |
| 9767548322 | Homily | This term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice. | | 8 |
| 9767548323 | Invective | An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language. |  | 9 |
| 9767548324 | Metonymy | a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. |  | 10 |
| 9767548325 | Anaphora | A sub-type of parallelism, when the exact repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of successive lines or sentences. | | 11 |
| 9767548326 | Pedantic | An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish | | 12 |
| 9767548327 | Prose | one of the major divisions of genre; refers to fiction and nonfiction, including all its forms. |  | 13 |
| 9767548328 | Semantics | The branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words, their historical and psychological development, their connotations, and their relation to one another. |  | 14 |
| 9767548329 | Syllogism | From the Greek for "reckoning together," this term is a deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion. | | 15 |
| 9767548330 | Synecdoche | A figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent the whole or, occasionally, the whole is used to represent a part. | | 16 |
| 9767548331 | Synesthesia | When one kind of sensory stimulus evokes the subjective experience of another. |  | 17 |
| 9767548332 | Annotation | Explanatory or critical notes added to a text. |  | 18 |
| 9767548333 | Epigram | A brief witty statement. |  | 19 |
| 9767548334 | Digression | The use of material unrelated to the subject of a work. | | 20 |
| 9767548335 | Ellipsis | the omission of a word or several words necessary for a complete construction that is still understandable. | | 21 |
| 9767548336 | Ad Hominem | Directed to or appealing to feelings or prejudices instead of to intellect or reason. | | 22 |
| 9767548337 | Anachronism | A person, scene, event or other element that fails to correspond with the appropriate time or era. | | 23 |
| 9767548338 | Didactic | Having an instructive purpose; intending to convey information to teach a lesson usually in a dry, pompous manner. | | 24 |
| 9767548339 | Fallacy | An incorrect belief or supposition based on faulty data, defective evidence, or false information. | | 25 |
| 9767548340 | Hubris | Excessive pride that often affects tone. | | 26 |
| 9767548341 | Inductive Reasoning | A method of reasoning in which a number of specific facts or examples are used to make a generalization. |  | 27 |
| 9767548342 | Litotes | A form of understatement in which the negative of the contrary is used to achieve emphasis or intensity. | | 28 |
| 9767548343 | Motif | A phrase, idea, or event that through repetition serves to unify or convey a theme in an essay or other discourse. |  | 29 |
| 9767548344 | Non Sequitur | A statement or idea that fails to follow logically from the one before. | | 30 |
| 9767548345 | Anecdote | A short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person. | | 31 |
| 9767548346 | Jargon | Special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand. | | 32 |
| 9767548347 | Diatribe | A forceful and bitter verbal attack against someone or something. |  | 33 |
| 9767548348 | Dogmatic | Inclined to lay down principles as incontrovertibly true. | | 34 |
| 9767548349 | Pernicious | Having a harmful effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way. | | 35 |
| 9767548350 | Bellicose | Demonstrating aggression and willingness to fight. | | 36 |
| 9767548351 | Voracious | Craving or consuming large quantities of food. | | 37 |
| 9767548352 | Zealous | Having or showing zeal. | | 38 |
| 9767548353 | Tacit | Understood or implied without being stated. | | 39 |
| 9767548354 | Innuendo | An allusive or oblique remark or hint, typically a suggestive or disparaging one. | | 40 |
| 9767548355 | Languid | Displaying or having a disinclination for physical exertion or effort; slow and relaxed. | | 41 |
| 9767548356 | Consecrate | Make or declare (something, typically a church) sacred; dedicate formally to a religious or divine purpose. | | 42 |
| 9767548357 | Dyspeptic | Of or having indigestion or consequent irritability or depression. |  | 43 |
| 9767548358 | Doggerel | Comic verse composed in irregular rhythm. |  | 44 |
| 9767548359 | Petulant | Childishly sulky or bad-tempered. |  | 45 |
| 9767548360 | Infidel | A person who does not believe in religion or who adheres to a religion other than one's own. |  | 46 |
| 9767548361 | Exhort | Strongly encourage or urge someone to do something. | | 47 |
| 9767548362 | Cloistered | Kept away from the outside world; sheltered. | | 48 |
| 9767548363 | Vex | Make (someone) feel annoyed, frustrated, or worried, especially with trivial matters. |  | 49 |
AP Language and Composition Vocabulary Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 6468395232 | litotes | A way of saying something by saying what it's not. Examples: He's not the sharpest tool in the shed. She's no Einstein. | 0 | |
| 6468411980 | Pleonasm | Using more words than you need to, either accidentally or deliberately. Examples: Look at that tiny little baby kitten. | 1 | |
| 6468428614 | Allusion | A quick reference to something that your audience will have to already know in order to "get." They should be quickly mentioned, not explained in-depth. Examples: A famous work of art or literature Something from your own life | 2 | |
| 6468449015 | Analogy | Comparing two things for the purpose of explanation. Examples: "Life is like a box of chocolates." A is to B as C is to D. Earth's forests are like its lungs. | 3 | |
| 6468470193 | Anaphora | The repetition of a word or phrase to begin successive clauses. Examples: "I have a dream" repeated in MLK speech "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was..." | 4 | |
| 6468491256 | Eponym | Either a person for whom something is named, or a thing named for a person. Examples: Achilles (Greek mythological character) - Achilles' heel, Achilles tendon Adam (Biblical character) - Adam's apple | 5 | |
| 6468519421 | Synecdoche | A figure of speech in which you use a part of something to stand for the whole thing. Example: "new set of wheels" = you're using the wheels, which are part of a car, to refer to the whole car. | 6 | |
| 6468543563 | Apostrophe | A punctuation mark used in contractions to replace missing letters. Examples: We'll = We will That's = That is | 7 | |
| 6468558476 | Rhetorical | If you ask a rhetorical question, it means you don't necessarily expect an answer, but you do want an occasion to talk about something. Rhetoric is the art of written or spoken communication. | 8 | |
| 6468571534 | Epithet | A descriptive nickname Example" "Richard the Lionhearted" "Tommy the Terrible." | 9 |
AP Language: Syntax Review Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 5874651032 | Simple | - one subject, one verb-one independent clause. | 0 | |
| 5874651033 | Simple Scheme Example | - I went running. | 1 | |
| 5874651034 | Compound | - two independent clauses joined by a conjunction or semicolon. | 2 | |
| 5874651035 | Compound | - independent clause joined by one or more subordinate clauses. | 3 | |
| 5874651036 | Compound Scheme Example | - I burned dinner but not the cake. | 4 | |
| 5874651037 | Compound-Complex | - two or more independent clauses and one or more subordinate clause. | 5 | |
| 5874651038 | Compund-Complex Scheme Example | - Although Frodo is naughty sometimes, I love him, and he loves me. | 6 | |
| 5874651039 | Loose/Cumulative | - the main idea is stated at the start of the sentence and followed by extra information. - draws attention to the action. | 7 | |
| 5874651040 | Loose/Cumulative Scheme Example | - She quit work, the pressure had been too much to handle. | 8 | |
| 5874651041 | Periodic | - main idea is withheld until the end of the sentence. - creates tension & suspense by placing emphasis on the things leading up to the action. | 9 | |
| 5874651042 | Periodic Scheme Example | - After working 60 hour weeks and making numerous sacrifices, Mia finally paid off her student loans. | 10 | |
| 5874651043 | Antithesis | - placing two opposites next to each other in order to create emphasis. - involves balance. | 11 | |
| 5874651044 | Antithesis Scheme Example | - India is a poetic nation yet it demands new electrical plants. | 12 | |
| 5874651045 | Declarative Sentence Pattern | - a statement. - "I have work today." | 13 | |
| 5874651046 | Interrogative Sentence Pattern | - a question. - "How was your day?' | 14 | |
| 5874651047 | Imperative Sentence Pattern | - a command. - "Get our your homework now." | 15 | |
| 5874651048 | Exclamatory Sentence Pattern | - an exclamation. - "Dogs are the best!" | 16 | |
| 5874651049 | Juxtaposition | - un-associated ideas, words, or phrases are placed next to one another. - creates a relationship where one would not usually see one, shows contrast. - involves balance. | 17 | |
| 5874651050 | Juxtaposition Scheme Example | - The apparition of these faces in the crowd / Petals on a white black bough. | 18 | |
| 5874651051 | Parallelism | - structural similarity between sentences or parts of a sentence. - creates a sense of equality among all actions. - each word has a grammatical "friend". | 19 | |
| 5874651052 | Parallelism Scheme Example | - I ate the pie, washed the dishes, and brushed my teeth. | 20 | |
| 5874651053 | Repetition | - words, sounds, & ideas used more than once. - enhances rhythm and creates emphasis. | 21 | |
| 5874651054 | Repetition Scheme Example | - "government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth." | 22 | |
| 5874651055 | Rhetorical Question | - a question that expects no response. - used to show that the answer is so obvious it goes w/out saying. | 23 | |
| 5874651056 | Rhetorical Question Scheme Example | - "Do I really look that stupid to you?" | 24 | |
| 5874651057 | Alliteration | - repetition of constant sounds at the beginning or in the middle of two or more adjacent words. - often used to create tone. | 25 | |
| 5874651058 | Alliteration Scheme Example | - Bumble bees fight feverishly for their flowers. | 26 | |
| 5874651059 | Asydenton | - the deliberate omission of conjunctions in a series of related clauses. - often results in a rushed and passionate tone. | 27 | |
| 5874651060 | Asydenton Scheme Example | - "I came, I saw, I conquered." - Julius Caesar | 28 | |
| 5874651061 | Polysyndenton | - deliberate use of many conjunctions for special emphasis. - makes a list seem even longer. | 29 | |
| 5874651062 | Polysydenton Scheme Example | - I had so many things to do. I had to do a calc problem set and walk my dog and clean the bathroom and go food shopping. | 30 | |
| 5874651063 | Zeugma | - usage of a verb that has 2 different meanings with objects that compliment both meanings. - creates a sense of equality. | 31 | |
| 5874651064 | Zeugma Scheme Example | - Nick saved both the bug and the day. | 32 | |
| 5874651065 | Parenthesis | - interruption of the flow of a passage in order to provide necessary, on the spot information. - often creates a conversational tone. | 33 | |
| 5874651066 | Parenthesis Scheme Example | - Sports nights always attracted the wannabe jocks- who would expect any different?- who were overly eager to start on varsity. | 34 | |
| 5874651067 | Appositive | - two coordinating elements are set side by side, and the second explain or modifies the first. | 35 | |
| 5874651068 | Appositive Scheme Example | - Marie Curie, a world-renowned scientist, would be amazed by all of the recent discoveries in chemistry. | 36 | |
| 5874651069 | Climax | - the repetition of words, phrases, or clauses in order of increasing number or importance. - draws attention to the last item in the list. | 37 | |
| 5874651070 | Climax Scheme Examples | - Their quest was for gold, glory, and God. | 38 | |
| 5874651071 | Inversion | - invert basic sentence pattern for emphasis. - draws attention on the inverted phrase & leads to a more formal tone. - think Yoda. | 39 | |
| 5874651072 | Inversion Scheme Example | - He could never forgive this. This he could never forgive. | 40 |
Pages
Need Help?
We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.
For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.
If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.
Need Notes?
While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!
