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AP English Language and Composition Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
9943562784The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically.Allegory0
9943562785Word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.Antecedent1
9943562786Opposition or contrast of ideas through parallelism.Antithesis2
9943562787Early to bed and early to rise help make a man healthy, wealthy, and wise. -Ben FranklinAphorism3
9943562788"Oh, Captain, my Captain, our fearful trip is done..."Apostrophe4
9943562789The use of slang or informalities in speech or writing.Colloquial5
9943562790A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor.Conceit6
9943562791correctional facility = jail between jobs = unemployedEuphemism7
9943562792This term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.Homily8
9943562793An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.Invective9
9943562794a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it.Metonymy10
9943562795The exact repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of successive lines or sentences.Anaphora11
9943562796An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookishPedantic12
9943562797one of the major divisions of genre, prose refers to fiction and nonfiction, including all its forms.Prose13
9943562798The branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words.Semantics14
9943562799A deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion.Syllogism15
9943562800A figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent the whole.Synecdoche16
9943562801A brief witty statement.Epigram17
9943562802The omission of a word or several words.Ellipsis18
9943562803Attacking a speaker's character instead of to their argument.Ad Hominem19
9943562804Having an instructive purpose; intending to convey information to teach a lesson usually in a dry, pompous manner.Didactic20
9943562805An incorrect belief or supposition based on faulty data, defective evidence, or false information.Fallacy21
9943562806Excessive pride that often brings about one's fall.Hubris22
9943562807Repetition of consonant sounds, usually at the beginnings of wordsAlliteration23
9943562808A form of understatement in which the negative of the contrary is used to achieve emphasis or intensity.Litotes24
9943562809A statement or idea that seems contradictory but is in fact true.Paradox25
9943562810A statement or idea that fails to follow logically from the one before.Non Sequitur26
9943562811A short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person.Anecdote27
9943562812Special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group.Jargon28
9943562813Inclined to lay down principles as incontrovertibly true.Dogmatic29
9943562814Having or showing zeal.Zealous30
9943562815Understood or implied without being stated.Tacit31
9943562816An allusive or oblique remark or hint, typically a suggestive or disparaging one.Innuendo32
9943562817Displaying or having a disinclination for physical exertion or effort; slow and relaxed.Lackadaisical33
9943562818A type of parallelism in which elements are reversed. "Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country."Chiasmus34
9943562819A sentence in which the subject and verb come at the front of the sentence.Loose Sentence35
9943562820A sentence in which the subject and verb come toward the end of the sentence.Periodic Sentence36
9943562821Strongly encourage or urge someone to do something.Exhort37
9943562822Caustic, bitter language--iterally means "to tear the flesh."Sarcasm38
9943562823A complete sentence.Independent Clause39
9943562824Includes a subordinate conjunction, such as because, while, etc.Dependent Clause40
9943562825A reference to something (e.g., a book, a movie, an historical event) that is presumed to be well known to the audience.Allusion41
9943562826A work that pokes fun human vices and follies in order to call attention to a larger problem.Satire42
9943562827A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.Parody43

AP Psychology - THINKING & LANGUAGE Flashcards

Thinking Problem Solving Creativity and Language

Terms : Hide Images
9201222203cognitionall the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.0
9201222204Concepta mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people1
9201222205Prototypea standard or typical example (Is that a computer screen that BENDS?!)2
9201222206algorithma precise rule (or set of rules) specifying how to solve some problem3
9201222207Heuristica commonsense rule (or set of rules) intended to increase the probability of solving some problem4
9201222208InsightA cognitive form of learning involving the mental rearragnment or restructuring of the elements in a problem to achieve an understanding or the problem and arrive at a solution5
9201222209Creativitythe ability to produce novel and valuable ideas6
9201222210Confirmation biasa tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions7
9201222211fixationthe inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set8
9201222212Mental Seta tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past9
9201222213Functional fixednessthe tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving (Is a shoe just a shoe?)10
9201222214Representative heuristicjudging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevent information11
9201222215Availability heuristicestimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind, we presume such events are common12
9201222216Overconfidencetotal certainty or greater certainty than circumstances warrant13
9201222217Belief Perseveranceclinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited14
9201222218Intuitioninstinctive knowing (without the use of rational processes)15
9201222219Framingthe way an issue is posed16
9201222220Languagespoken, written or signed words, and the ways we use them to communicate.17
9201222221Phoneme(linguistics) the smallest distinctive unit of sound18
9201222222Morphemesmallest meaningful language unit19
9201222223Grammara system of linguistic rules that enables communication20
9201222224Semanticsthe study of language meaning21
9201222225Syntaxthe rules for grammatical arrangement of words in sentences22
9201222226Babbling Stagebeginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household lanuage.23
9201222227One-word Stagethe stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words24
9201222228Two-word stagebeginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two-word statements25
9201222229Telegraphic speechearly speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram--'go car'--using mostly nouns and verbs and omitting 'auxiliary' words26
9201222230Linguistic determinismWhorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think27
9201222231Noam ChomskyAmerican linguist whose theory of generative grammar argued that language and grammar are innate, that we have a language acquisition device built in.28
9201222232B.F Skinnerpioneer of operant conditioning who believed that language development is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments29
9201222233Benjamin WhorfLinguist who theorized the concept of "liguistic determinism" or how language impacts thought30

AP English Language and Composition Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
9954537440The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically.Allegory0
9954537441Word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.Antecedent1
9954537442Opposition or contrast of ideas through parallelism.Antithesis2
9954537443Early to bed and early to rise help make a man healthy, wealthy, and wise. -Ben FranklinAphorism3
9954537444"Oh, Captain, my Captain, our fearful trip is done..."Apostrophe4
9954537445The use of slang or informalities in speech or writing.Colloquial/Colloquialism5
9954537446A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor.Conceit6
9954537447correctional facility = jail between jobs = unemployedEuphemism7
9954537448This term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.Homily8
9954537449An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.Invective9
9954537450a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it.Metonymy10
9954537451The exact repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of successive lines or sentences.Anaphora11
9954537452An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookishPedantic12
9954537453one of the major divisions of genre, prose refers to fiction and nonfiction, including all its forms.Prose13
9954537454The branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words.Semantics14
9954537455A deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion.Syllogism15
9954537456A figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent the whole.Synecdoche16
9954537457A brief witty statement.Epigram17
9954537458The omission of a word or several words.Ellipsis18
9954537459Attacking a speaker's character instead of to their argument.Ad Hominem19
9954537460Having an instructive purpose; intending to convey information to teach a lesson usually in a dry, pompous manner.Didactic20
9954537461An incorrect belief or supposition based on faulty data, defective evidence, or false information.Fallacy21
9954537462Excessive pride that often brings about one's fall.Hubris22
9954537463Repetition of consonant sounds, usually at the beginnings of wordsAlliteration23
9954537464A form of understatement in which the negative of the contrary is used to achieve emphasis or intensity.Litotes24
9954537465A statement or idea that seems contradictory but is in fact true.Paradox25
9954537466A statement or idea that fails to follow logically from the one before.Non Sequitur26
9954537467A short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person.Anecdote27
9954537468Special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group.Jargon28
9954537469Inclined to lay down principles as incontrovertibly true.Dogmatic29
9954537470Having or showing zeal.Zealous30
9954537471Understood or implied without being stated.Tacit31
9954537472An allusive or oblique remark or hint, typically a suggestive or disparaging one.Innuendo32
9954537473Displaying or having a disinclination for physical exertion or effort; slow and relaxed.Lackadaisical33
9954537474A type of parallelism in which elements are reversed. "Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country."Chiasmus34
9954537475A sentence in which the subject and verb come at the front of the sentence.Loose Sentence35
9954537476A sentence in which the subject and verb come toward the end of the sentence.Periodic Sentence36
9954537477Strongly encourage or urge someone to do something.Exhort37
9954537478Caustic, bitter language--iterally means "to tear the flesh."Sarcasm38
9954537479A complete sentence.Independent Clause39
9954537480Includes a subordinate conjunction, such as because, while, etc.Dependent Clause40
9954537481A reference to something (e.g., a book, a movie, an historical event) that is presumed to be well known to the audience.Allusion41
9954537482A work that pokes fun human vices and follies in order to call attention to a larger problem.Satire42
9954537483A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.Parody43

AP English Language and Composition Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
9478930505AllegoryThe device of using character and/or story elements symbolically.0
9478930506AntecedentWord, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.1
9478930507AntithesisOpposition or contrast of ideas through parallelism.2
9478930508AphorismEarly to bed and early to rise help make a man healthy, wealthy, and wise. -Ben Franklin3
9478930509Apostrophe"Oh, Captain, my Captain, our fearful trip is done..."4
9478930510Colloquial/ColloquialismThe use of slang or informalities in speech or writing.5
9478930511ConceitA fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor.6
9478930513HomilyThis term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.7
9478930514InvectiveAn emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.8
9478930516AnaphoraThe exact repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of successive lines or sentences.9
9478930517PedanticAn adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish10
9478930518Proseone of the major divisions of genre, prose refers to fiction and nonfiction, including all its forms.11
9478930519SemanticsThe branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words.12
9478930520SyllogismA deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion.13
9478930521SynecdocheA figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent the whole.14
9478930522SynesthesiaWhen one kind of sensory stimulus evokes the subjective experience of another.15
9478930523ApologiaA written or spoken defense of one's beliefs and actions.16
9478930524EpigramA brief witty statement.17
9478930525DigressionThe use of material unrelated to the subject of a work.18
9478930526EllipsisThe omission of a word or several words.19
9478930527Ad HominemAttacking a speaker's character instead of to their argument.20
9478930528AnachronismA person, scene, event or other element that fails to correspond with the appropriate time or era.21
9478930529DidacticHaving an instructive purpose; intending to convey information to teach a lesson usually in a dry, pompous manner.22
9478930530FallacyAn incorrect belief or supposition based on faulty data, defective evidence, or false information.23
9478930531HubrisExcessive pride that often brings about one's fall.24
9478930532AlliterationRepetition of consonant sounds, usually at the beginnings of words25
9478930533LitotesA form of understatement in which the negative of the contrary is used to achieve emphasis or intensity.26
9478930534ParadoxA statement or idea that seems contradictory but is in fact true.27
9478930535Non SequiturA statement or idea that fails to follow logically from the one before.28
9478930536AnecdoteA short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person.29
9478930537JargonSpecial words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group.30
9478930538TaciturnNot talking much, reserved; silent, holding back in conversation.31
9478930539DogmaticInclined to lay down principles as incontrovertibly true.32
9478930540PerniciousHaving a harmful effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way.33
9478930541BellicoseDemonstrating aggression and willingness to fight.34
9478930542VoraciousCraving or consuming large quantities of food.35
9478930543ZealousHaving or showing zeal.36
9478930544TacitUnderstood or implied without being stated.37
9478930545InnuendoAn allusive or oblique remark or hint, typically a suggestive or disparaging one.38
9478930546LackadaisicalDisplaying or having a disinclination for physical exertion or effort; slow and relaxed.39
9478930547ConsecrateMake or declare (something, typically a church) sacred; dedicate formally to a religious or divine purpose.40
9478930548ChiasmusA type of parallelism in which elements are reversed. "Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country."41
9478930549Loose SentenceA sentence in which the subject and verb come at the front of the sentence.42
9478930550PetulantChildishly sulky or bad-tempered.43
9478930551Periodic SentenceA sentence in which the subject and verb come toward the end of the sentence.44
9478930552ExhortStrongly encourage or urge someone to do something.45
9478930553CloisteredKept away from the outside world; sheltered.46
9478930554SarcasmCaustic, bitter language--iterally means "to tear the flesh."47
9478930555Independent ClauseA complete sentence.48
9478930556Dependent ClauseIncludes a subordinate conjunction, such as because, while, etc.49
9478930557AllusionA reference to something (e.g., a book, a movie, an historical event) that is presumed to be well known to the audience.50
9478930558SatireA work that pokes fun human vices and follies in order to call attention to a larger problem.51
9478930559ParodyA work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.52
9478930560Coup de GraceThe "death blow"--the culminating event in a bad situation.53
9478930561Coup d'EtatLiterally "blow to the state"--a violent overthrow.54
9478930562Faux PasA social misstep or inappropriate action.55
9478930563Laissez-FaireLiterally "allow to do"--letting things run their natural course; hands off.56
9478930564En MasseIn a body as a whole; as a group.57
9478930565ProprietaryCharacteristic of an owner of property; constituting property.58
9478930566ProprietyThe quality of behaving in a proper manner; obeying rules and customs.59
9478930567ImminentAbout to happen.60
9478930568EminentFamous, outstanding, distinguished.61
9478930569EgoAccording to Freud, the decision-making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle.62
9478930570SuperegoAccording to Freud, that facet of the psyche that represents the internalized ideals and values of one's parents and society63
9478930571IdLiterally the "It"--our base impulses, driven by selfishness and greed, for example.64
9478930572HamartiaA character's error in judgment that contributes to one's downfall.65
9478930573OrwellianThe manipulation of language and ideas to control and obstruct the truth.66
9478930574AutonomosIndependent, self-governing, not under the control of something or someone else.67
9927623850Maxim- A concise statement, often offering advice; an adage - A brief statement that conveys a general truth68

Vocabulary Lesson 1- AP Language Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
4801866343FactiousCausing disagreement0
4801866344IgnobleDishonorable; shameful1
4801866345BoorA rude or impolite person2
4801866346AegisA shield; protection3
4801866347PerspicacityKeenness of judgment4
4801866348FerventEager; earnest5
4801866349RectifyTo correct; to make right6
4801866350EnervateTo weaken7
4801866351BesiegeTo overwhelm; to surround and attack8
4801866352EphemeralLasting only a brief time; short- lived9
4801866353AltruismA concern for others; generosity10
4801866354CarrionDecaying flesh11
4801866355EroticPertaining to sexual love12
4801866356AmorphousShapeless, formless, vauge13
4801866357OpulentRich, luxurious, wealthy14

AP English Language and Composition Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
9966253903AllegoryThe device of using character and/or story elements symbolically.0
9966253904AntecedentWord, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.1
9966253905AntithesisOpposition or contrast of ideas through parallelism.2
9966253906AphorismEarly to bed and early to rise help make a man healthy, wealthy, and wise. -Ben Franklin3
9966253907Apostrophe"Oh, Captain, my Captain, our fearful trip is done..."4
9966253908Colloquial/ColloquialismThe use of slang or informalities in speech or writing.5
9966253909ConceitA fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor.6
9966253910Euphemismcorrectional facility = jail between jobs = unemployed7
9966253911HomilyThis term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.8
9966253912InvectiveAn emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.9
9966253913Metonymya figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it.10
9966253914AnaphoraThe exact repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of successive lines or sentences.11
9966253915PedanticAn adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish12
9966253916Proseone of the major divisions of genre, prose refers to fiction and nonfiction, including all its forms.13
9966253917SemanticsThe branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words.14
9966253918SyllogismA deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion.15
9966253919SynecdocheA figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent the whole.16
9966253920SynesthesiaWhen one kind of sensory stimulus evokes the subjective experience of another.17
9966253921ApologiaA written or spoken defense of one's beliefs and actions.18
9966253922EpigramA brief witty statement.19
9966253923DigressionThe use of material unrelated to the subject of a work.20
9966253924EllipsisThe omission of a word or several words.21
9966253925Ad HominemAttacking a speaker's character instead of to their argument.22
9966253926AnachronismA person, scene, event or other element that fails to correspond with the appropriate time or era.23
9966253927DidacticHaving an instructive purpose; intending to convey information to teach a lesson usually in a dry, pompous manner.24
9966253928FallacyAn incorrect belief or supposition based on faulty data, defective evidence, or false information.25
9966253929HubrisExcessive pride that often brings about one's fall.26
9966253930AlliterationRepetition of consonant sounds, usually at the beginnings of words27
9966253931LitotesA form of understatement in which the negative of the contrary is used to achieve emphasis or intensity.28
9966253932ParadoxA statement or idea that seems contradictory but is in fact true.29
9966253933Non SequiturA statement or idea that fails to follow logically from the one before.30
9966253934AnecdoteA short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person.31
9966253935JargonSpecial words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group.32
9966253936TaciturnNot talking much, reserved; silent, holding back in conversation.33
9966253937DogmaticInclined to lay down principles as incontrovertibly true.34
9966253938PerniciousHaving a harmful effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way.35
9966253939BellicoseDemonstrating aggression and willingness to fight.36
9966253940VoraciousCraving or consuming large quantities of food.37
9966253941ZealousHaving or showing zeal.38
9966253942TacitUnderstood or implied without being stated.39
9966253943InnuendoAn allusive or oblique remark or hint, typically a suggestive or disparaging one.40
9966253944LackadaisicalDisplaying or having a disinclination for physical exertion or effort; slow and relaxed.41
9966253945ConsecrateMake or declare (something, typically a church) sacred; dedicate formally to a religious or divine purpose.42
9966253946ChiasmusA type of parallelism in which elements are reversed. "Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country."43
9966253947Loose SentenceA sentence in which the subject and verb come at the front of the sentence.44
9966253948PetulantChildishly sulky or bad-tempered.45
9966253949Periodic SentenceA sentence in which the subject and verb come toward the end of the sentence.46
9966253950ExhortStrongly encourage or urge someone to do something.47
9966253951CloisteredKept away from the outside world; sheltered.48
9966253952SarcasmCaustic, bitter language--iterally means "to tear the flesh."49
9966253953Independent ClauseA complete sentence.50
9966253954Dependent ClauseIncludes a subordinate conjunction, such as because, while, etc.51
9966253955AllusionA reference to something (e.g., a book, a movie, an historical event) that is presumed to be well known to the audience.52
9966253956SatireA work that pokes fun human vices and follies in order to call attention to a larger problem.53
9966253957ParodyA work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.54
9966253958Coup de GraceThe "death blow"--the culminating event in a bad situation.55
9966253959Coup d'EtatLiterally "blow to the state"--a violent overthrow.56
9966253960Faux PasA social misstep or inappropriate action.57
9966253961Laissez-FaireLiterally "allow to do"--letting things run their natural course; hands off.58
9966253962En MasseIn a body as a whole; as a group.59
9966253963ProprietaryCharacteristic of an owner of property; constituting property.60
9966253964ProprietyThe quality of behaving in a proper manner; obeying rules and customs.61
9966253965ImminentAbout to happen.62
9966253966EminentFamous, outstanding, distinguished.63
9966253967EgoAccording to Freud, the decision-making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle.64
9966253968SuperegoAccording to Freud, that facet of the psyche that represents the internalized ideals and values of one's parents and society65
9966253969IdLiterally the "It"--our base impulses, driven by selfishness and greed, for example.66
9966253970HamartiaA character's error in judgment that contributes to one's downfall.67
9966253971OrwellianThe manipulation of language and ideas to control and obstruct the truth.68
9966253972AutonomosIndependent, self-governing, not under the control of something or someone else.69

AP Language Tropes, Schemes and Techniques (Full Set) Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
7824245622AntithesisParallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas0
7824245623Close ReadingA careful reading that is attentive to organization figurative language, or other elements1
7824245624ColloquialismAn informal use of language2
7824245625Cumulative SentenceAn independent clause followed by a subordinate clause3
7824245626DictionWord choice4
7824245627Figure of SpeechAn expression that strives for literal effect, not literal meaning5
7824245628HyperboleExaggeration for the purpose of emphasis6
7824245629JuxtapositionPlacement of two things side by side for emphasis7
7824245630MetaphorsFigure of speech that speaks of something as if it is something else8
7824245631ParallelismRepetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns9
7824245632AssertionAn emphatic statement; deceleration10
7824245633TropeFigure of speech- artful diction11
7824245634Periodic sentenceA sentence that builds with and ends with a main clause12
7824245635PersonificationGiving life like qualities to inanimate objects13
7824245636SchemeA pattern of words or sentence structure14
7824245637ElegiacMournful over what has passed or been lost, often used to describe tone15
7824245638Rhetorical questionA question more for effect rather than to sum,on an answer16
7824245639SimileA figure of speech using like or as to compare two things17
7824245640StyleThe distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words18
7824245641ApostropheA figure of speech when someone addresses something nonhuman or dead as if it could reply19
7824245642EuphemismIndirect mild vague expression for something that may be considered harsh or blunt20
7824245643AlliterationThe occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.21
7824245644AllusionAn expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference22
7824245645AnalogyA comparison between two things, typically on the basis of their structure and for the purpose of explanation or clarification.23
7824245646AnaphoraThe repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses24
7824245647AnecdoteA short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person.25
7824245648AntecedentThe noun to which a later pronoun refers26
7824245649AntimetaboleIt is a literary term or device that involves repeating a phrase in reverse order.27
7824245650Aphorisma pithy observation that contains a general truth, such as, "if it ain't broke, don't fix it."28
7824245651AppositiveWhen a noun or word is followed by another noun or phrase that renames or identifies it29
7824245652Archaic dictionOutdated word choice30
7824245653Rhetorical triangleAristotle wrote one of the first great treatises on rhetoric, aptly titled, Rhetoric. This treatise was written in the 4th century BCE and it outlines the three main rhetorical appeals: logos, pathos, and ethos. These three persuasive strategies make up the rhetorical triangle31
7824245654AssumptionA thing that is accepted as true or as certain to happen, without proof.32
7824245655AsyndetonThe omission or absence of a conjunction between parts of a sentence.33
7824245656AuthorityThe power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience.34
7824245657BiasPrejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.35
7824245658ClaimState or assert that something is the case, typically without providing evidence or proof.36
7824245659Common groundOpinions or interests shared by each of two or more parties.37
7824245660ConcessionA thing that is granted, especially in response to demands; a thing conceded.38
7824245661Connotationan idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.39
7824245662ContextThe circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement, or idea, and in terms of which it can be fully understood and assessed.40
7824245663CoordinationThe organization of the different elements of a complex body or activity so as to enable them to work together effectively.41
7824245664CounterargumentAn argument or set of reasons put forward to oppose an idea or theory developed in another argument.42
7824245665Declarative sentenceSomething stated43
7824245666DeductionReasoning from general to specific44
7824245667DenotationThe literal or primary meaning of a word, in contrast to the feelings or ideas that the word suggests.45
7824245668EpigramPithy saying or remark expressing an idea in a clever and amusing way.46
7824245669EthosAuthor credibility47
7824245670Explication of textAn approach to literary criticism involving close examination, analysis, and exposition of the text of a work, and concentrating on language, style, content, and the interrelationships of the parts to the whole in regard to meaning and symbolism.48
7824245671Figurative languageLanguage that uses words or expressions with a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation. When a writer uses literal language, he or she is simply stating the facts as they are.49
7824245672HortatoryTending or aiming to exhort50
7824245673ImageryVisually descriptive or figurative language, especially in a literary work.51
7824245674Imperative sentenceAn imperative sentence is a type of sentence that gives advice or instructions or that expresses a request or command52
7824245675InductionThe action or process of inducting someone to a position or organization.53
7824245676InversionVerb precede the subject54
7824245677Situational IronyWhen what happens is the opposite what one expects to happen55
7824245678LogosAppeal to logic reasoning56
7824245679MetonymyUse an idea to replace a certain word57
7824245680ModifierA word, especially an adjective or noun used attributively, that restricts or adds to the sense of a head noun58
7824245681NarrationThe teller of the account or story59
7824245682NominalizationTurn another form of speech into a noun60
7824245683OccasionParticular time or instance of an event.61
7824245684omniscient narratorAll knowing prospective of the story62
7824245685OxymoronA figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction63
7824245686ParadoxA statement or proposition that, despite sound reasoning from acceptable premises, leads to a conclusion that seems senseless, logically unacceptable, or self-contradictory.64
7824245687ParodyAn imitation of the style of a particular writer, artist, or genre with deliberate exaggeration for comic effect.65
7824245688PathosAppeal to emotion66
7824245689PersonaAuthor taking on voice that is not theirs67
7824245690PolemicA strong verbal or written attack on someone or something.68
7824245691PolysyndetonConjunctions being used quickly and repeatedly with no commas even though conjunctions could be removed69
7824245692PremiseA previous statement or proposition from which another is inferred or follows as a conclusion.70
7824245693PropagandaInformation, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.71
7824245694PurposeReason for a writing72
7824245695RefuteArgue or counter73
7824245696RhetoricEffective persuasive writing74
7824245697Rhetoric modesAescribe the variety, conventions, and purposes of the major kinds of language-based communication, particularly writing and speaking.75
7824245698SatireUse of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues76
7824245699SpeakerAuthor or the persona of a writing77
7824245700Straw manLogical fallacy, which means that if you carefully dissect the argument or statement, it doesn't make sense.78
7824245701SubjectThe topic79
7824245702Subordinate clauseA clause, typically introduced by a conjunction, that forms part of and is dependent on a main clause80
7824245703SubordinationA clause that modifies an independent clause81
7824245704SyllogismInstance of a form of reasoning in which a conclusion is drawn from two given or assumed propositions, each of which shares a term with the conclusion, and shares a common or middle term not present in the conclusion82
7824245705SyntaxThe arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.83
7824245706SynthesizeTo make something by combining two things84
7824245707ToneAttitude toward a subject85
7824245708UnderstatementThe presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is.86
7824245709VoiceAuthors personality through words87
7824245710ZeugmaA figure of speech in which a word applies to two others in different senses or to two others of which it semantically suits only one88
7824245711ExemplificationIn this rhetorical mode, the writer uses specific examples to illustrate an idea. The better the examples, the stronger the argument.89
7824245712Classification/DivisionIn this rhetorical mode, the writer organizes people, places, things, or ideas into categories90
7824245713Comparison and ContrastIn this rhetorical mode, the writer notes similarities and differences between objects, people, characteristics, or actions. Ideally, the things being examined will be similar enough that the comparison is meaningful.91
7824245714AnalogyIn this rhetorical mode, the writer uses a special kind of comparison to explain something. It's especially useful for explaining something abstract by comparing it to something concrete.92
7824245715NarrationThe act of telling a story, usually based on personal experience. It must have some purpose, as it usually incorporates descriptive elements--senses, metaphors, and similes.93
7824245716Process AnalysisThis mode involves writing following a series of steps or stages, and then taking apart the subject and explaining those parts.94
7824245717Cause and EffectThis mode looks for connections between different elements and analyzes the reasons for those connections.95
7824245718DefinitionThe process of explaining a word, object, or idea in such a way that the reader knows precisely what the writer means.96
7824245719DescriptionThe act of capturing people, places, events, objects, and feelings in words so that a reader can visualize and respond to them.97
7824245720AmbiguityUncertainty or inexactness of meaning in language98
7824245721EpistropheThe repetition of a word at the end of successive clauses or sentences.99
7824245722Triad/Trio/TripletIt suggests that things that come in threes are funnier, more satisfying, or more effective than other numbers of things. The reader or audience of this form of text is also thereby more likely to remember the information.100
7824245723Verbal IronyWhen what is meant is the opposite of what is said101
7824245724Dramatic IronyWhen the audience knows important information that the characters do not102
7824245725AnalyzeExamine methodically and in detail the constitution or structure of something (especially information), typically for purposes of explanation and interpretation103
7824245726ArgueGive reasons or cite evidence in support of an idea, action, or theory, typically with the aim of persuading others to share one's view104
7824245727AskSay something in order to obtain an answer or some information105
7824245728ChallengeAn objection or query as to the truth of something, often with an implicit demand for proof; dispute the truth or validity of106
7824245729CiteQuote as evidence for or justification of an argument or statement, especially in a scholarly work107
7824245730ConnectBring together or into contact so that a real or notional link is established108
7824245731DemonstrateClearly show the existence or truth of by giving proof or evidence109
7824245732DenyState that one refuses to admit the truth or existence of110
7824245733DescribeGive an account in words of someone or something, including all the relevant characteristics, qualities, or events111
7824245734DetailDescribe item by item; give the full particulars of112
7824245735DramatizeExaggerate the seriousness or importance of113
7824245736ElaborateDevelop or present (a theory, policy, or system) in detail114
7824245737EmphasizeGive special importance or prominence to (something) in speaking or writing115
7824245738EvaluateForm an idea of the amount, number, or value of; assess116
7824245739ExplainMake clear to someone by describing it in more detail or revealing relevant facts or ideas117
7824245740ExpressConvey (a thought or feeling) in words or by gestures and conduct118
7824245741ExtendSpread from a central point to cover a wider area119
7824245742GeneralizeMake a broad statement by inferring from specific cases120
7824245743IllustrateExplain or make clear by using examples, charts, pictures, etc.121
7824245744InformGive facts or information; tell122
7824245745Interpretexplain the meaning of; understand as having a particular meaning or significance123
7824245746IntroduceProvide an opening explanation124
7824245747ListA number of connected items or names written or printed consecutively, typically one below the other; catalog125
7824245748NarrateGive a spoken or written account of126
7824245749OfferPresent or proffer for (someone) to accept or reject as so desired127
7824245750PredictSay or estimate that (a specified thing) will happen in the future or will be a consequence of something128
7824245751OpposeDisapprove of and attempt to prevent, especially by argument129
7824245752PresentExpressing an action now going on or habitually performed or a condition now existing130
7824245753ProjectEstimate or forecast on the basis of present trends131
7824245754ProposePut forward an idea or plan for consideration or discussion by others132
7824245755QualifyMake a statement or assertion less absolute; add reservations to133
7824245756QuestionThe raising of a doubt about or objection to something134
7824245757QuoteRepeat or copy out a group of words from a text, typically with an indication that one is not the original author or speaker, a verb135
7824245758ReasonFind an answer to a problem by considering various possible solutions136
7824245759RebutClaim or prove that evidence or an accusation is false137
7824245760ReflectThink deeply or carefully about138
7824245761RepeatSay again something one has already said139
7824245762StateExpress something definitely or clearly in speech or writing140
7824245763SpeculateForm a theory or conjecture about a subject without firm evidence141
7824245764SuggestPut forward for consideration142
7824245765SummarizeGive a brief statement of the main points of something143
7824245766SupportSuggest the truth of; corroborate144
7824245767TraceFind or discover by investigation145
7824245768146

AP Language Week 23 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
6649056792CausticCapable of burning, corroding, or destroying living tissue (adj)0
6649056793DissoluteIndifferent to moral restraints; given to immoral or improper conduct; licentious; dissipated (adj)1
6649056794EbullientBubbling up like a boiling liquid (adj)2
6649056795EntourageA group of attendants or associates, as of a person of rank or importance (noun)3
6649056796ExtolTo praise highly; laud; eulogize (verb w/obj)4
6649056797MeetTo oppose (verb w/obj)5
6649056798PoignantKeen or strong in mental appeal (adj)6
6649056799ResoluteCharacterized by firmness and determination, as the temper, spirit, actions, etc. (adj)7
6649056800TurgidSwollen; distended; tumid (adj)8
6649056801XenophobicRelating to or exhibiting fear or hatred of foreigners, people of different cultures, or strangers (adj)9

AP Language and Composition Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
6715854990PunA joke exploiting the different possible meanings of a word or the fact that there are words that sound alike but have different meanings. ex. "the pigs were a squeal"0
6715865606LogosAn argument used to convince or persuade the targeted audience by employing reason or logic1
6715878649EthosAn appeal to ethics, and it is a means of convincing someone of the character or credibility of the persuader.2
6715890299PathosAn appeal to emotion, and is a way of convincing an audience of an argument by creating an emotional response.3
6715897822SyllogismAn instance of a form of reasoning in which a conclusion is drawn (whether validly or not) from two given or assumed propositions(premises), each of which shares a term with the conclusion, and shares a common or middle term not present in the conclusion.4
6715910344ParodyAn imitation of the style of a particular writer, artist, or genre with deliberate exaggeration for comic effect.5
6715917341JuxtapositionThe fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.6
6715920838Rhetorical QuestionA question you ask without expecting an answer. The question might be one that does not have an answer.It might be one that has an obvious answer but you have asked the question to make the point, to persuade or for literary effect.7
6715921431ColloquialLanguage used in ordinary or familiar conversation;not formal or literary8
6715923283EllipsisThe omission from speech or writing of a word or words that are not needed or able to be understood from contextual clue's.9
6715923865StyleThe choice of diction, tone, and syntax a writer makes. The author's word choice, sentence structure, figurative language, and sentence arrangement all work together to establish mood, images, and meaning in the text.10
6715924815AmbiguityAn unclear, indefinite, or equivocal word, expression, meaning.11
6715925806ProseWritten or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure.12
6715925807HyperboleExaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.13
6715926906Loose SentenceA sentence that does not end with the competition of its main clause, but continues with one or more subordinate clauses.14
6715927663AntithesisA figure of speech in which an opposition or contrast of ideas is expressed by parallelism of words that are the opposites of, or strongly contrasted with, each other, such as "hatred stirs up strife, but love covers all sins"15
6715928815AllusionAn expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference.16
6715929394MetonymyThe substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant, for example suit for business executive.17
6715930469AphorismA pithy observation that contains a general truth, such as , "if it ain't broke, don't fix it"18
6715932871Parallel StructureThe repetition of a chosen grammatical form written a sentence. By making each compared item or idea in your sentence follow the same grammatical pattern, you create a parallel construction.19
6715932872ParadoxA seemingly absurd self-contradictory statement or proposition that when investigated or explained may prove to be well founded or true.20
6715933979ApostropheWhen a character in a literary work speaks to an object , an idea, or someone who doesn't exist as if it is a living person.21
6715936543ClicheA phrase or opinion that is overused and betrays a lack of original thought.22
6715938085AnalogyA comparison between two things typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification.23
6715940367EuphemismA pleasant or flattering expression used in place of one that is less agreeable but possibly more accurate.24
6715940368Post HocMistakenly inferring that because one event follows another they have a casual relation; from post hoc ergo propter hoc("after this,therefore because of this")25
6715941352AllegoryA story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning,typically a moral or political one.26
6715941353ConceitA fanciful expression in writing or speech; an elaborate metaphor.27
6715943238AnalysisA detailed examination of the elements or structure of something, typically as a basis for discussion or interpretation.28
6715943239JargonThe technical terminology or specialized language of a particular group. Special words or expression that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand.29
6715944626SatireThe expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect.30
6715945862AlliterationThe occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.31
6715946677SimileA figure of speech in which two unlike things are explicitly compared, as in " she is like a rose"32
6715947392MetaphorA figure of speech which makes an implicit, implied or hidden comparison between two things that are unrelated but share some common characteristics.33
6715948229PersonificationThe attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form.34
6715948230IronyThe use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues.35
6715949869Deductive ReasoningThe process of meaning from one or more statements(premises) to reach a logically certain conclusion.36
6715949870FallacyAn error of reasoning based on faulty use of evidence or incorrect inference.37
6715951981RefutationAn attack on an opposing view in order to weaken it, invalidate it, or make it less credible.38
6715951982Inductive ReasoningA logical process in which multiple premises, all believed true or found true most of the time, are combined to obtain a specific conclusion.39
6751428957MoodA literary element that evokes certain feelings or vibe readers through words and descriptions.40
6751526081ToneThe authors attitude towards their subject. An attitude a writer toward a subject or an audience41

AP Language Vocabulary Set 1 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
6334746116Ad HominemDirected against a person rather than the position they are maintaining. Ex: A lawyer attacking a person's character instead of the case.0
6334746117AlliterationThe repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables. Ex: Sally sells seashells by the sea shore1
6334944251Active VoiceA clause whose subject expresses the main verb's agent. Ex: Harry ate six shrimp at dinner.2
6335187626Passive VoiceThe noun or noun phrase that would be the object of an active sentence appears as the subject of a sentence or clause Ex: At dinner, six shrimp were eaten by Harry.3
6335253121AnastropheThe inversion of the usual order of words or clauses Ex: Glistens the dew upon the morning grass.4
6335253122AsyndetonLeaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses Ex: I came, I saw, I conquered.5
6335415381Argue from IgnoranceA fallacy in informal logic. It asserts that a proposition is true because it has not yet been proved false Ex: The belief of a god6
6335415382AntithesisParallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas Ex: Man proposes, God disposes7
6335415383AphorismA short, astute statement of a general truth Ex: A barking dog never bites8
6335558387Bandwagon FallacyThe belief that an argument is valid because a majority of people accept it9
6335558388ApostropheAn arrangement of words addressing a non-existent person or an abstract idea in such a way as if it were present and capable of understanding feelings Ex: Is this dagger which I see before me, the handle toward my hand? Come, let me clutch thee! I have thee not, and yet I see thee still.10
6335616136AppositiveA word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun11
6335629758AnadiplosisThe repetition of a word in successive clauses, the second clause begins with the ending of the previous clause Ex: The dog hates the cat, the cat hates the mouse, the mouse hates the fly12
6335681572AnaphoraThe repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses Ex: O Lord rebuke me not ...., O Lord for I am..., O Lord heal me...13
6336820360AllusionAn indirect reference, often to another text or a historic event14
6336820361AnalogyAn extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things15
6336820362AntimetaboleThe repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast Ex: Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country16

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