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AP Language: Week 6 Flashcards

8644560775	Admonish	to warn or reprimand	0
8644565203	Affluent	having a great deal of money	1
8644570716	Disparage	to speak of as unimportant or bad	2
8644582427	Eschew	to deliberately avoid using	3
8644587501	Facetious	to treat serious issues as unimportant	4
8644606689	Impetus	a moving force/impulse	5
8644646919	Malfeasance	wrongdoing especially by an official	6
8644662217	Onerous	involving a burdensome amount of effort	7
8644668688	Presumptuous	overstepping boundaries of propriety	8
8644699427	Ubiquitous	appearing everywhere	9

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AP LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION TERMS Flashcards

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7046898300	Ad Hominem	Latin for "against the man." When a writer personally attacked his or her opponents instead of their arguments.	0
7046899395	Allegory	a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning.	1
7046967797	Alliteration	Repetition of initial consonant sounds.	2
7046967798	Assonance	Repetition of a vowel sound within two or more words in close proximity.	3
7046967799	Consonance	The repetition of consonant sounds in a sentence or line of poetry.	4
7046967800	Allegory	A story or visual image with a second distinct meaning partially hidden behind its literal or visible meaning.	5
7046967801	Allusion	An indirect, or expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly.	6
7046967802	Anachronism	Anything out of its proper time.	7
7046967803	Analogy	A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them.	8
7046967804	Antithesis	A person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else.	9
7046967805	Anaphora	The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses.	10
7046967806	Aristotelian triangle	A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience.	11
7046967807	Epistrophe	A rhetorical figure by which the same word or phrase is repeated at the end of successive sentences.	12
7046967808	Antihero	A central character in a story, movie, or drama who lacks conventional heroic attributes in romances and epics.	13
7046967809	Aphorism	A concise statement of a truth or principle.	14
7046967810	Apology	In the literary sense, a justification or defense of the writer's opinion or conduct, not usually implying any admission of blame.	15
7046967811	Apostrophe	Address to an absent or imaginary person.	16
7046967812	Archetype	a very typical example of a certain person or thing or recurrent symbol or motif in literature, art, or mythology.	17
7046967813	Asyndeton	The omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words.	18
7046967814	Colloquialism	The use of slang or informalities in speech or writing.	19
7046967815	Comic Relief	In a tragedy, a break in the seriousness for a moment of comedy or silliness.	20
7046967816	Conceit	A fanciful, particularly clever extended metaphor.	21
7046967817	Concession	A reluctant acknowledgment or yielding.	22
7046967818	Denotation	The dictionary definition of a word.	23
7046967819	Diction	A writer's or speaker's choice of words.	24
7046967820	Didactic	Instructive.	25
7046967821	Enthymeme	Logical reasoning with one premise left unstated.	26
7046967822	Euphemism	An indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant.	27
7047396005	Fallacy	A false or mistaken idea.	28
7047396006	Hyperbole	Extreme exaggeration.	29
7047396007	Imagery	Description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste).	30
7047396008	Inference	A conclusion one can draw from the presented details.	31
7047396009	Verbal irony	A figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant.	32
7047396010	Situational irony	An outcome that turns out to be very different from what was expected.	33
7047396011	Dramatic irony	The audience knows something the characters do not.	34
7047396012	Litotes	A form of understatement that involves making an affirmative point by denying its opposite.	35
7047396013	Logic	The system of principles of reasoning used to reach valid conclusions or make inferences.	36
7047396014	Loose sentence	A type of sentence in which the main idea comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses.	37
7047396015	Metaphor	A comparison without using like or as.	38
7047396016	Metonymy	Substituting the name of one object for another object closely associated with it.	39
7047396017	Mood	Feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader.	40
7047396018	Motif	A recurring theme, subject or idea.	41
7047396019	Onomatopoeia	A word that imitates the sound it represents.	42
7047396020	Parallelism	The similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses.	43
7047396021	Paradox	A contradiction or dilemma.	44
7047396022	Pedantic	Tending to show off one's learning.	45
7047396023	Periodic sentence	Sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end.	46
7047396024	Personification	The giving of human qualities to an animal, object, or idea.	47
7047396025	Polysyndeton	A rhetorical device for the repeated use of conjunctions to link a succession of words, clauses, or sentences.	48
7047396026	Rhetoric	The art of using language effectively and persuasively.	49
7047396027	Rhetorical modes	exposition - To explain and analyze information. description - To recreate, invent, or visually present a person, place, event or action so that the reader can picture that being described. narration - To tell a story. argumentation - To prove the validity of an idea or point of view by presenting sound reasoning, discussion, and argument that thoroughly convinced is the reader.	50
7047396028	Rhetorical question	A question asked merely for effect with no answer expected.	51
7047396029	Satire	Using humor to expose something or someone to ridicule.	52
7047396030	Simile	A comparison using "like" or "as".	53
7047396031	Style	1. The evaluation of the choices an author makes. 2. The classification of authors to a group and comparison of an author to similar authors. * By doing so we are able to see how an author style reflects and helps to define historical period.	54
7047423597	Syllogism	A form of deductive reasoning with a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion. * usually in this form : all x are y, z is x, so therefore, z is y	55
7047423598	Symbol	Something that stands for something else.	56
7047423599	Synecdoche	A figure of speech in which a part is substituted for the whole. example - Referring to a car as "wheels."	57
7047423600	Syntax	Sentence structure.	58
7047423601	Theme	Central idea of a work of literature.	59
7047423602	Tone	Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character.	60
7047423603	Ethos	Refers to the trustworthiness of the writer. Ethos is often conveyed through tone and style of the message and through the way the writer refers to differing views. * appeal from credibility	61
7047423604	Pathos	Appealing to emotion. * to appeal to the audience's sympathies and imagination. * Identify with the writer's view	62
7047423605	Logos	Appeal to logic. * refers to the internal consistency of the message, the clarity of the claim, the logic of its reasons, and the effectiveness of it supporting evidence.	63

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AP Lang Vocab Terms Flashcards

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4828666687	diction	A writer's or speaker's choice of words	0
4828666688	connotation	An idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning	1
4828666689	point of view	The position of the narrator in relation to the story, as indicated by the narrator's outlook from which the events are depicted (e.g., first person (narrator often uses pronoun "I"), second person (narrator often uses pronoun "you"), third person limited, third person omniscient, (narrator never says "I"...only pronouns such as "they", "them", "he", "she").	2
4828666690	formal language	Writing which is appropriate in serious writing and speaking situations. It avoids the use of slang, and contractions.	3
4828666691	informal language	Writing that is appropriate for personal letters, journals, and personal essays. Although it should be grammatically correct, it can include contractions and first person pronouns	4
4828666692	colloquial language	language used in conversation, not formal writing; gives a sense of familiarity or informality	5
4828666693	slang	informal, nonstandard language, often used within a particular group	6
4828666694	jargon	Special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand	7
4828666695	bathos	an abrupt transition in style from the elevated/formal to the commonplace, producing a laughable effect; an anticlimax	8
4828666696	concrete language	Language that describes specific, observable things, people, or places, rather than ideas or qualities that can be perceived through the senses	9
4828666697	figurative language	A form of language use in which writers and speakers convey something other than the literal meaning of their words.	10
4828666698	syntax	Arrangement of words in phrases and sentences...including word order, punctuation, or word patterns.	11
4828666699	antecedent	The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.	12
4828666700	alliteration	Repetition of initial consonant sounds	13
4828666701	assonance	Repetition of a vowel sound within two or more words in close proximity	14
4828666702	parallel structure	Also called "balanced phrases/sentences", it is the repetition of the same grammatical structure (ex: She will go hiking, biking, and swimming tomorrow. The 'ing' verb structure repeats...even though the words themselves don't repeat).	15
4828666703	catalog	A list of things, people, or events.	16
4828666704	ellipsis	omission of words from a text; the meaning can be understood without them (ex: "I grabbed two sodas, and Bill [grabbed] one." The word in [brackets] is omitted but is still understood).	17
4828666705	inversion	A reversal of the usual order of words.	18
4828666706	periodic sentence	The opposite of cumulative sentence, it is a sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end (near the period...get it?). (Example: After a long, bumpy flight and multiple delays, I arrived at the San Diego airport.)	19
4828666707	cumulative sentence	The opposite of a periodic sentence, it is a sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on with additional clauses/phrases. (Ex: I arrived at the San Diego airport after a long, bumpy flight and multiple delays.)	20
4828666708	repetition	The duplication, either exact or approximate, of any element of language, such as a sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern.	21
4828666709	anaphora	Repetition of a word or words at the beginning of two or more successive verses, clauses, or sentences	22
4828666710	clause	A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb. (Ex: "whenever you [subject] swim [verb] in the pool")	23
4828666711	independent clause	A clause that can stand alone as a sentence with a subject and verb.	24
4828666712	dependent clause (subordinate clause)	this clause contains a noun and a verb but is set up with a subordinate conjunction, which makes the clause an incomplete thought	25
4828666713	simple sentence	A sentence consisting of one independent clause and no dependent clauses	26
4828666714	compound sentence	two or more independent clauses joined by a conjunction (FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so), or a semi-colon	27
4828666715	complex sentence	A sentence with only one independent clause, and at least one (or more) dependent clause(s). (The example photo has a dependent, then independent clause).	28
4828666716	compound-complex sentence	contains two or more independent clauses, and at least one dependent clause	29
4828666717	antithesis	An opposition or contrast of ideas that is often expressed in parallel phrases or clauses. (Ex: You are easy on the eyes, but hard on the heart.)	30
4828666718	antimetabole	the words in one phrase or clause are repeated, exactly or closely, in reverse grammatical order in the next phrase or clause (A-B, B-A: For example, "And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country")	31
4828666719	polysyndeton	the opposite of 'asyndeton', it is the deliberate over-use of conjunctions in close succession. (Ex: "he ran and jumped and laughed for joy")	32
4828666720	asyndeton	the opposite of 'polysyndeton', leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses (see what I did there?)	33
4828666721	zeugma	the use of a word to modify two or more other words, but used for different meanings--it can be a verb applied to two separate objects, or an adjective applied to more than one noun. "He close the door and his heart on his lost love."	34
4828666722	metaphor	A comparison of two things that are basically unlike but have some qualities in common.	35
4828666723	simile	A comparison between two unlike things using "like", "as" or "than".	36
4828666724	metonymy	A figure of speech in which a word represents something else which it suggests. (Ex: The pen is mightier than the sword. -- 'pen' represents diplomacy, and 'sword' represents violence)	37
4828666725	synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa	38
4828666726	personification	A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes	39

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AP Language Vocabulary Unit 27 Flashcards

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6601906610	Repudiate	to reject; to refuse to recognize, acknowledge or pay; to divorce or discard	0
6601907499	Repugnant	Disgusting; loathsome; objectionable; incompatible	1
6601908177	Rescind	to cancel; to repeal; to set aside	2
6601908402	Residual	Left over; remaining	3
6601908874	Resilient	Getting back strength or spirits quickly; springing back into shape or positio	4
6601910447	Respite	A temporary cessation or postponement, usually of something disagreeable; interval of rest	5
6601910741	Reticent	Not saying much, especially about one's thoughts	6
6601910987	Retract	To draw back or draw in; to take back a statement; to promise or to offer	7
6601911806	Ruthless	Merciless; cruel; heartless	8
6601911991	Sagacious	Very wise or shrewed	9

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Building Blocks of AP Language Flashcards

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7170809872	Syntax	the correct way to form a sentence Ex: People who talk while chewing food don't have manners vs While chewing food, people who talk don't have manners	0
7170809873	Diction	The style or the words used in and form of writing ex: Hey, what's up? Or I ain't go at not money.	1
7170810132	Asyndeton	Sentence missing a conjunction ex: "I came, I saw, I conquered"	2
7170810133	Polysyndeton	More than one coordinating conjunctions are used in a sentence ex: My mom told me to get the onions and the lettuce and the bread from the refrigerator.	3
7170811046	Connotative Diction	Word has a different meaning then what it is describing ex: Home might refer to family and comfort.	4
7170811255	Denotative Diction	Point blank definition of a word ex: rock = stone	5
7170811256	Alliteration	Words in a sentence having the same letter/sound ex: April ate apricots and apples at her aunt's farm.	6
7170811646	Euphonious Language	Phrases that have a lovely tone when spoken ex: Season for crisp and cool weather	7
7170811647	Inversion	The opposite or reverse of something ex: What a beautiful image it is!	8
7170811890	Parallelism	Things corresponding in some way ex: He likes cooking and to read.	9
7170811891	Anaphora	A word meaning the same thing as another to replace it in a sentence; some words repeated to show significance ex: "Every day, every night, in every way, I am getting better."	10
7170812041	Tone	The sound in which a sentence is said in ex: bitter, callous	11
7170812042	Pedantic	Literal accuracy of something ex: the Great Gatsby's perfectionist outlook	12
7170812242	Hubris	Self pride, egotistical ex: prendergast in The Devil in the White City.	13
7170812243	Dialect	Specific language for a region or group ex: Spanish, French	14
7170812943	Colloquial Langage	Words/language used by everyone everyday ex: wanna, gonna	15
7170812944	Onomatopoeia	Word used for a sound affect ex: sizzle, buzz	16
7170813346	Abstract vs. Concrete	Concrete: words detectable by sense she and names ex: peoples, animals abstract: words not detectible by senses ex: actions, ideas	17
7170813347	Prose	Words written or spoken in its ordinary form ex: The sloth is one of the slowest animals.	18
7170813348	Slang	Not formal language ex: basic, bae	19
7170814527	Allusion	To hint or remark on ex: It's Christmas! Don't be a Scrooge!	20
7170814528	Antithesis	Someone or thing that is the direct opposite ex: "Many are called, but few are chosen."	21
7170814731	Eupheism	Words substituted for others that aren't considered harsh ex: passed away = dead	22
7170814732	Hyperbole	Exaggerations not taken literally ex: I am so hungry I could eat a whale.	23
7170814733	Imagery	Words depicting images seen in someone's mind ex: A blanket of snow covered the vast grounds.	24
7170814984	Zeugma	Word is describing more than one thing ex: the family left the funeral with weaping eyes and hearts.	25
7170815175	Situational Irony	Situation's actions that have the opposite effect then what it is meant to show	26
7170815176	Juxtaposition	Two things being placed side to side that contrastes each other ex: The hot weather evaporates next to cold drinks.	27
7170815915	Litotes	Affirmative understatement ex: You won't regret it!	28
7170815916	Pun	Joke that uses different meanings of words that sound similar ex: a boiled egg is hard to beat	29
7170815917	Oxymoron	Terms that contradict each other appear together ex: cruel kindness	30
7170816233	Paradox	Statement that contradicts but is actually true ex: i know one thing; that I know nothing	31
7170816234	Personification	Giving something human qualities ex: the rain danced across the sky	32
7170816668	Metonymy	Word used for a substitution for something else ex: suit=business aspect	33
7170816669	Synecdoche	Phrases that represent viceversa or whole ex: bread: food right money	34
7170817058	Irony: Verbal & Situational	Situational: exspect one thing to happen but it's different ex: cartoons or movies verbal: express opposite meaning in verbal communication ex: sarcasm	35
7170817059	Anecdote	Short story about a real person or topic ex: story about a child's birth to explain it to someone else	36
7170817060	Theme	The whole point that an author is trying to get across ex: courage, betrayal	37
7170817445	Double-entendre	Two meanings of a word; one is indecent ex: innocent or innocuous	38
7170817446	Archetype	Certain something or person ex: the bully	39
7170817548	Inversion	The opposite or reverse of something ex: What a beautiful image it is!	40
7170817787	Metaphor	Phrase applied to something that is not literally acceptable ex: curtain of night	41
7170817788	Simile	Comparing one thing to another ex: as silent as a snake	42
7170818232	Extended Metaphor	Comparison of two things that are not alike ex: comparing Juliet to the sun	43
7170819624	Rhetoric	A way of persuasive intent/ writing ex: will you help find a cure for breast cancer by donating a dollar?	44
7170819625	Ethos	Part of a culture or spirit that is manifested in it and belief and background ex: when a doctor says: as a doctor, I am qualified to tell you that this treatment will work the best	45
7170819626	Pathos	Something that appeals o someone so emotions ex: if you don't make a decision, you will fail the class.	46
7170819945	Logos	Something that appeals to logic point of reasoning ex: wash your hands to stop spreading germs	47
7170819946	Rhetorical Question	A question not meant to be answered ex: why not?	48
7170820586	Evidence	Using information to back up a statement ex: using a quote to back up an idea	49
7170820587	inductive Reasoning	Used in predicting something to be true ex: I believe that the plant will grow if I water it.	50
7170820830	Deductive Reasoning	Top-down logic; conclusion based on inductive reasoning ex: all men are mortal	51
7170820831	Analogy	Comparison of two things things for clarification ex: the structure of an atom is like the solar system	52
7170821093	Repetition	Saying something again ex: "let it snow let it snow let it snow"	53
7170821238	Antanaclasis	Word that is repeatedly use does "while we live, let us live"	54
7170821239	Invective	somethimg that isn't insulting or abusive ex: calling some a chicken if they don't do something	55
7170821495	Bathos	Anticlimax by not meaning to switch moods ex: she spent her last moments doing what she loves, accidentally burning cookies	56
7170823510	Chiasmus	Words repeated in reverse order ex: never let someone trip you or you trip them	57
7170829722	Connotation	Something is implied apart from what the word is actually describing ex: home= safety or family	58
7170829923	Denotation	Point blank definition of a world ex: rock=stone	59
7170830539	Ad Hominem Fallacy	A reaction or conversation that is against what someone else is saying ex: political debates	60
7170831330	Pathetic Fallacy	Human feelings and responding to things not human ex: trees that happy	61
7170831821	Logical Fallacies	Error in reasoning that puts down augments ex: evasion, begging the question	62
7170831822	Understatement	Demising something that has greater value ex: the shot doesn't prevent the disease from stopping	63
7170832412	Ad Populum Fallacy	Something is true because most people believe it ex: trump is the best president we have ever had	64
7170832413	Begging the Question	Argument assumes something without evidence ex: chocolate is healthy because it is good for you	65
7170832832	Counterclaim	Claims to go against a previous claim ex: when a criminal changes plea from not juilty to juilty	66
7170832833	Rebuttal	Using arugument to weaken the argument of another ex: trump and Clinton election debates	67
7170833503	Hasty Generalization	Conclusions not justified logically or sufficiently ex: arguments	68
7170834286	Altruism Apeal	Not selfish in the regard others ex: Obama care	69
7170834287	Thesis/Claim	Focus of your work/writing ex: in Devil in the White City, the thesis is about the beginnings and firsts in chicago and USA	70
7170834773	Enumeration	Saying more than one thing one ex: "I have a dream" speech	71
7170834774	Satire	Use of humor or exaggeration ex: Saturday night lovebirds	72
7170835149	Sarcasm	Extent on a phrase with more meaning ex:"yeah right"	73
7170835150	Syllogism	Conclusion drawn from two or more perspectives ex: all men are mortal	74
7170835400	Argument	Having a different opinion about something ex: political debates	75
7170835703	Implicit vs. Explicit	Implied vs somethinng directly stated ex: their might a test vs there is a test	76
7170836142	Subjective vs. Objective	Perspective based on personal aspects vs perspective that's not influenced ex: pics of animals in need vs picking a pencil	77
7170836509	Qualification	Having a quality to make someone sutible for a job ex: a degree to teach students	78
7170836510	Clause	A part of a sentence ex: since she reads different books	79
7170839996	Phrase: Participial	Verb that endangers in -ed or -ing and motifys a noun ex: planing to graduate in May	80
7170839997	Phrase: Appositive	Renames another noun ex: the insect, a fly, is stuck in the window	81
7170840636	Phrase: Infinitive	Words that consist of an infinite and a modifier ex: April ran to avoid being late	82
7170840637	Phrase: Prepositional	Phrases that shows the connection between a noun/pronoun to a word or object ex: over the mountain	83
7170840982	Phrase: Absolute	What's the phrase that modifies an independent clause a group of words as a whole ex: i will be back Thursday, weather permitting	84
7170840983	Sentence	A group of words that form into a meaning Ex: everyday language use	85
7170841249	Paragraph	Contains five or more sentences on one topic Ex: pages in books are written with paragraph format	86
7170841250	Fragment	Part of a sentence that doesn't make sense by itself ex: because he was hungry	87
7170841251	Voice	The way someone talks or writes ex: authors of books	88
7170841900	Active Voice	The subject in the sentence is doing the acting well the room is the active voice Ex: khloe touched the plate	89
7170843718	Passive voice	Subject of a sentence acted by a verb ex: the paper was thrown by the boy	90
7170843719	Novel	A book that has length with characters and actions ex: Jane eyre	91
7170844568	Non-fiction	A piece of work that is 100% factual ex: textbook	92
7170844569	Historical Fiction	A piece of work that was written in history but it's fiction ex: The Great Gatsby	93
7170845188	Memoir	Somethings written from personal knowledge or a learned subject EX: advice	94
7170845189	Point of View	A perspective in which someone is reading or talking in ex:we talk in the first person	95
7170845456	Setting/Occasi	Where something takes place ex: Devil in the White City take some place in Chicago	96
7170845457	Audience	The people who are listening or reading a piece of work ex: the class was the audience for a book	97
7170850711	Autobiography	A book you write about yourself ex: the autobiography of Benjamin franklin	98
7170850712	Biography	book written about someone by someone else ex: The Life of Samuel Johnson	99
7170850913	Diary	A day to day work about someone's life normally their own ex: Ann Franks's diary	100
7170851109	Expository Essay	This essay hasn't someone to investigate an idea or evidence ex: scientific research and reasoning	101
7170851366	Narrative Essay	An essay normally told from an authors point of view in their feelings ex: essays we write for class	102
7170851937	Cause and Effect	Explaining what happened and why it happened ex: a bridge on the interstate collapsing	103
7170851938	Compare and Contrast	Seeing how things are similar and different ex: looking at an apple and an orange	104
7170851939	Letter	Composed to send information ex: writing a letter to your parents about camp	105
7170852154	Allegory	Some form of art or literature that normally has a hidden meaning or a more behind the story Ex: the Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe	106
7170855934	Ambiguous Ending	It's an ending that is normally unclear or big but it leaves you not really knowing what the big picture was Ex: some people who try to go around about discussing something	107
7170855935	Parable	short story used to illustrate a moral or a lesson that should be used by everyone ex: african folk tales	108
7170857308	Speaker	Someone who is talking ex: character in a book	109
7170858580	Purpose	Reason something was written ex: Devil in the White City was written to show todays connection with the past	110

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AP Language Logical Fallacies Flashcards

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9804597459	Ad hominem	Attacking the individual presenting the argument rather than the argument itself	0
9804600259	Begging the question	The writer or speaker assumes the statement under examination to be true.	1
9804617624	False Dichotomy/ False dilemma/ Either-or thinking	Reducing an issue to only have to two possible solutions	2
9804630930	Faulty assumption	An incorrect connection between the evidence and the conclusion.	3
9804630931	Non sequitur	An inference or conclusion that does not follow from established premises or evidence.	4
9804643581	Post hoc, ergo propter hoc	Confusing chance or coincidence with causation. Because one event follows the other doesn't mean the first caused the second.	5
9804643582	Red herring	A distraction inserted to an argument.	6
9804648928	Slippery slope	A faulty assumption that one thing will follow the other, where the two events are usually out of proportion.	7
9804651619	Sunk Cost Fallacy	The idea that a course of action or outcome is inevitable given previous investments.	8
9804682705	Anecdotal	Using vague reference to personal experience to make it validate their own arguments.	9
9804996899	Bandwagon	An appeal to popularity where once many people start doing something, other people want to join in.	10
9805003161	Black or White Fallacy	When we illegitimately limit the number of alternatives available.	11
9805012858	Cherry Picking	Using "cherry-picked" evidence or finding a data pattern that explicitly suits your argument, while withholding the data that would counter your argument.	12
9805020499	Circular Argument	Restating an argument instead of proving it.	13
9805025672	Dogmatism	When only one opinion is considered, and is presented as the only conclusion.	14
9805038025	Equivocation Fallacy	The use of a term or phrase considered key to the argument in an ambiguous manner, so it can have different meanings in different portions of the argument to suit a specific viewpoint.	15
9805046707	Faulty Analogy	When an extended comparison between two concepts or objects is inaccurate because although they may be alike in one respect, they are not necessarily alike in another respect.	16
9805053130	Glittering Generality	An emotionally appealing phrase that is vague enough to appeal to universal values without making any actual points.	17
9805059701	Hasty Generalization	A conclusion that is based upon insufficient or biased evidence. It is rushed to without all the relevant facts being known.	18
9805062832	Loaded question	A question was asked that had a presumption built into it so that it cannot be answered without appearing guilty.	19
9805067869	McNamara Fallacy	Ignoring all factors other than quantitative observations when making a decision.	20
9805081855	Oversimplification	Making a complicated issue seem very simple by using simple terms or suppressing information.	21
9805097259	Stacking the Deck	The "stacking of the deck" by ignoring facts that would undermine the point being made. Different from a hasty generalization in that it implies deliberate ignorance rather than accidental logical error.	22
9805107865	Inscrutability Fallacy	When an individual attempts to prove a point by overwhelming the audience with marginally-relevant facts, statistics, words, or other pieces of information that have no causal links between them. The audience is expected to be impressed without truly understanding the central argument	23

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AP Language: Week 7 Flashcards

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8745501593	Dubious	questionable, doubtful	0
8745503173	Microcosom	a small place/society that represents something larger	1
8745507308	Paradigm	typical pattern/understanding of something	2
8745518439	Indignant	anger at unfair situation	3
8745527634	Subvert	to undermine principles of	4
8745533436	Cynical	having negatively pragmatic view	5
8745536231	Feckless	worthless or irresponsible	6
8745553094	Surreptitious	kept secret or hidden	7
8745947284	Hackneyed	lacking significance because overused	8
8745953132	Archaic	very old	9

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AP Language Vocabulary Unit 8 Flashcards

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9584462789	Rhetoric	a. The art or study of using language effectively and persuasively. b. A treatise or book discussing this art. 2. Skill in using language effectively and persuasively. 3. a. A style of speaking or writing, especially the language of a particular subject. b. Language that is elaborate, pretentious, insincere, or intellectually vacuous.	0
9584462790	Ruminate	1. To turn a matter over and over in the mind. 2. To chew cud.	1
9584462791	Saccharine	1. Of, relating to, or characteristic of sugar or saccharin; sweet. 2. Having a cloyingly sweet attitude, tone, or character. 3. Excessively sentimental.	2
9584462792	Savant	A learned person; a scholar.	3
9584462793	Skeptical	Marked by or given to doubt; questioning.	4
9584462794	Sophomoric	1. Of or characteristic of a sophomore. 2. Exhibiting great immaturity and lack of judgment.	5
9584462795	Stultify	1. To cause to lose interest or feel dull and not alert. 2. To render useless or ineffectual. 3. To cause to appear stupid, inconsistent, or ridiculous. 4. Law To claim incapacity as setting aside or preventing enforcement of (a deed or contract).	6
9584462796	Supercilious	Feeling or showing haughty disdain. (Arrogant)	7
9584462797	Surfeit	To feed or supply to excess, satiety, or disgust.	8
9584462798	Surly	1. Sullenly ill-humored; gruff. 2. Threatening, as of weather conditions; ominous: surly clouds filled the sky. 3. Obsolete Arrogant; domineering.	9
9584462799	Tacit	1. Not spoken. 2. Implied by or inferred from actions or statements. 3. Not speaking; silent.	10
9584462800	Tangible	1. a. Discernible by the touch; palpable. b. Possible to touch. c. Possible to be treated as fact; real or concrete. 2. Possible to understand or realize.	11
9584462801	Temporal	1. Of, relating to, or limited by time. 2. Of or relating to the material world; worldly. 3. Lasting only for a time; not eternal; passing. 4. Secular or lay; civil. 5. Expressing time.	12
9584462802	Tenuous	1. a. Weak or insubstantial; flimsy. b. Precarious or insecure. 2. Long and thin; slender. 3. Having a thin consistency.	13
9584462803	Terse	Brief and to the point; effectively concise.	14
9584462804	Trepidation	1. A state of alarm or dread; apprehension. 2. An involuntary trembling or quivering.	15
9584462805	Ultimatum	A final offer or demand made by one party to another, especially in diplomatic negotiations, expressing or implying the threat of serious consequences or the breakoff of relations if the terms are not accepted.	16
9584462806	Undulate	(v.) to move in waves or with a wavelike motion; to have a wavelike appearance or form	17
9584462807	Unwieldy	1. Difficult to carry or handle because of size, shape, or weight. 2. Hindering progress because of complexity; hard to manage or deal with.	18
9584462808	Vehement	Characterized by forcefulness of expression or intensity of emotion or conviction; fervid.	19
9584462809	Veracity	1. Adherence to the truth; truthfulness. 2. Conformity to fact or truth; accuracy. 3. A true statement.	20
9584462810	Verbose	Using or containing a great and usually an excessive number of words; wordy.	21
9584462811	Viable	Capable of success or continuing effectiveness; practicable.	22
9584462812	Virulent	a. Characterized by, causing, or promoting the rapid onset of severe illness. Used of a disease or toxin. b. Capable of causing disease by aggressively interfering with the immune system of the host. Used of a pathogen. 2. Extremely hostile or malicious.	23
9584462813	Vociferous	Making, given to, or marked by noisy and vehement outcry.	24
9584462814	Whimsical	1. Characterized by, arising from, or subject to whimsy. 2. Playful or fanciful, especially in a humorous way.	25
9584462815	Xenophobe	A person who is fearful or contemptuous of that which is foreign, especially of strangers or of people from different countries or cultures.	26
9584462816	Zealot	1. a. One who is zealous, especially excessively so. b. A fanatically committed person.	27
9584462817	Zeitgeist	The spirit of the time; the taste and outlook characteristic of a period or generation.	28
9584462818	Zenith	1. The point on the celestial sphere that is directly above the observer. 2. The upper region of the sky. 3. The highest point above the observer's horizon attained by a celestial body. 4. The point of culmination; the peak.	29

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AP Language and Composition Exam Flashcards

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5765243790	Civil Discourse	Disagreeing in a respectful manner and tone. Scripture calls us to be people of virtue. We can offer a positive witness to the gospel. Offer a vigorous yet respectful critique. A way to use argumentation without dishonoring God.	0
5765258444	Red Herring	An irrelevant piece of information that misleads the audience, and diverts them from original issue -"I know I've made a mistake, but my parents are going to kill me if you tell them"	1
5765267275	Ad Hominem	Switching the argument from the issue to the character of the other speaker -If you argue that the park in your community should not be renovated because the person supporting it was arrested during a domestic dispute, then that's Ad Hominem	2
5765270939	Faulty Analogy	Occurs when an analogy compares two things that are not comparable -Because we put animals who are in irreversible pain out of their misery, we should do the same for people, is asking the reader to ignore significant differences	3
5765284352	Bandwagon	Somebody argues just because everyone else does it -You should elect her because she has a strong lead in the polls	4
5765286635	Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc	It is incorrect to always claim that something is a cause just because it happened after the other- correlation doesn't imply causation -We elected Johnson as president and got hurricanes and flooding	5
5765291702	Straw Man	Misrepresenting the opponents argument by picking at it to make them seem weaker -A politician says we put astronauts on Mars, while his opponent says that he just wants to look for aliens.	6
5765297333	False Dilemma (Either/Or)	Forcing the audience to choose between two things when there may be more options -Either we agree to higher taxes, or our grandchildren will be mired in debt	7
5765299381	Hasty Generalization	A conclusion based on a small sample, stereotypes -Smoking isn't bad for you, my aunt smoked a pack a day and lived to be 90	8
5765301095	Circular Reasoning	The argument repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence, begins with what they are trying to end with -You can't give me a C; I'm an A student!	9
5765304159	False Authority	Citing an expert who may be irrelevant, and it may not be true, this applies to people who don't have the authority to talk about the points -According to former congressional leader, the Himalayas have an estimated yeti population of between 300 and 500 individuals	10
5765311100	Slippery Slope	Involves an improbable sequence of events -If you get Direct TV you won't end up in a ditch	11
5765315536	Quick Fix	Overused catchphrase that is oversimplified -MAGA	12
5765335940	Evidence	A basis of real persuasion found in data (because)	13
5765423919	Claim	Arguable assertions (therefore)	14
5765429095	Assumption	Shared by the speaker (since)	15
5765435327	Backing	Further assurances or data, without this the assumption lacks authority (on account of)	16
5765447548	Qualifier	Tempers the claim making it less absolute (usually, probably, maybe)	17
5765453293	Reservation	Explains the terms and conditions necessitated by the qualifier (unless)	18
5765455083	Induction	Arranging an argument so that it leads from particulars to universals, using specific cases to draw a conclusion or generalization -Regular exercise promotes weight loss -Exercise lowers stress levels -Exercise improves mood and outlook -Generalization: exercise contributes to better health (Specific examples to general truths)	19
5765476734	Deduction	When you reach a conclusion by starting with a general principle, or universal truth, and apply it to specific cases, often structured as a syllogism Major Premise- Exercise contributes to better health Minor Premise- Yoga is a type of exercise Conclusion- Yoga contributes to better health	20
5765523134	Claim of Fact	A claim that asserts that something is true or not true -The number of suicides and homicides committed by teenagers has exploded in the last three decades	21
5765524713	Claim of Policy	A claim that proposes a change	22
5765526843	Claim of Value	A claim that argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong	23
5765533334	Closed Thesis	Lists specific points and limits points of your argument Ex: Harry Potter series is legendary because of its 3 dimensional characters, exciting plot and complex themes	24
5765538096	Open Thesis	Makes a general statement that will disencumber the argument, does not list points the writer intends to cover in the essay Ex: The popularity of the HP series demonstrates that simplicity trumps complexity when it comes to the taste of readers, both young and old	25
5765546547	Counter Argument Thesis Statement	A qualifier precedes the authors own opinion usually using words like although or but, the advantage is to this option is that it immediately addresses the argument making it seem stronger and more reasonable Ex: Although the HP series may have some literary merit, its popularity has less to do with storytelling that with merchandising	26
5765551544	They say/ I say	In his/her (type of text), (title of text), (author's name), (information about the author), (signal verb), that, (paraphrase central claims) Back up claims with evidence	27
5765571584	Rhetoric	The art and science of persuasion for a particular audience at a specific place in time	28
5765575799	Rhetorical Appeals	Tools to persuade an audience by emphasizing what they find most compelling (ethos, pathos, logos)	29
5765577605	Rhetorical Precis	A concise summary of a work that includes information about the author, subject, and purpose	30
5765579015	Annotation	The taking of notes directly on a text	31
5765587842	Rhetorical Modes	Exposition, description, argumentation, narration	32
5765589015	Rhetorical Analysis	The process of critiquing a text or artifact to identify the author's purpose, attitude, and use of stylistic devices	33
5765590510	Syntax	The arrangement of words and sentences	34
5765612128	Diction	The speaker's choice of words	35
5765613699	Ethos	A rhetorical appeal to character; when authors appeal to this, they demonstrate that they are credible and trustworthy to speak on a given topic	36
5765615417	Pathos	A rhetorical appeal to emotion; when authors appeal to this, they play on values, desires, hopes, fears, prejudices, etc. to emotionally motivate an audience	37
5765617698	Logos	A rhetorical appeal to logic or reason; when authors appeal to this, they offer clear, rational ideas by using specific details, examples, facts, statistics, and expert testimony	38
5765619684	SOAPSTone	A mnemonic device that stands for Subject (actual meaning), Occasion, Audience, Purpose (what it literally says), and Speaker, the elements that make up the rhetorical situation	39
5765621023	Satire	The use of irony or sarcasm to critique society or an individual	40
5765622830	Understatement	A figure of speech in which something is presented as less important, dire, urgent, good, etc. than it actually is often for satiric or comic effect	41
5765624058	Metaphor	Figure of speech that compares two things without using like or as	42
5765634030	Hyperbole/Overstatement	Deliberate exaggeration used for emphasis or to produce a comic or ironic effect; an overstatement to make a point.	43
5765636380	Irony	The expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect.	44
5765643467	Parallelism	When the writer establishes similar patterns of grammatical structure and length	45
5765671317	Anaphora	Repetition of beginning clauses	46
5765674008	Epistrophe	Repetition of concluding word	47
5765675970	Antithesis	Contrary ideas expressed in a balanced sentence, can be contrast of opposites	48
5765678507	Zeugma	Artfully using one verb with two or more different objects	49
5765690239	Polysyndeton	Using many conjunctions to achieve an overwhelming effect	50
5765691359	Asyndeton	Using no conjunctions to create an effect of speed and simplicity	51
5765727628	Hortative Sentences	More of a suggestion; used when you are advising some or calling something to action. urging someone and imperative is a necessary action	52
5765731336	Imperative Sentences	Gives advice or instructions or that expresses a request or command	53
5765745811	Rhetorically accurate/active verbs	A rhetorically accurate verb is an action word that describes the kind of action taken.	54
5765766323	Archaic	Old fashioned	55
5765768431	Colloquial	Not formal	56

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Unit 7 AP Language Vocabulary Flashcards

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9293219296	austere	(adj.) severe or stern in manner; without adornment or luxury, simple, plain; harsh or sour in flavor	0
9293219297	beneficent	(adj.) performing acts of kindness or charity; conferring benefits, doing good	1
9293219298	cadaverous	(adj.) pale, gaunt, resembling a corps	2
9293219299	concoct (v)	to prepare by combining ingredients, make up (as a dish); to devise, invent, fabricate	3
9293219300	crass	(adj.) coarse, unfeeling; stupid	4
9293219301	debase	(v.) to lower in character, quality, or value; to degrade, adulterate; to cause to deteriorate	5
9293219302	desecrate	(v.) to commit sacrilege upon, treat irreverently; to contaminate, pollute	6
9293219303	disconcert	(v.) to confuse; to disturb the composure of	7
9293219304	grandiose	(adj.) grand in an impressive or stately way; marked by pompous affectation or grandeur, absurdly exaggerated	8
9293219305	inconsequential	(adj.) trifling, unimportant	9
9293219306	infraction	(n.) a breaking of a law or obligation	10
9293219307	mitigate	(v.) to make milder or softer, to moderate in force or intensity	11
9293219308	pillage	(v.) to rob of goods by open force (as in war), plunder; (n.) the act of looting; booty	12
9293219309	prate	(v.) to talk a great deal in a foolish or aimless fashion	13
9293219310	punctilious	(adj.) very careful and exact, attentive to fine points of etiquette	14
9293219311	redoubtable	(adj.) inspiring fear or awe; illustrious, eminent	15
9293219312	reprove	(v.) to find fault with, scold, rebuke	16
9293219313	restitution	(n.) the act of restoring someone or something to the rightful owner or to a former state or position; making good on a loss or damage	17
9293219314	stalwart	(adj.) strong and sturdy; brave; resolute; (n.) a brave, strong person; a strong supporter; one who takes an uncompromising position	18
9293219315	vulnerable (adj)	open to attack; capable of being wounded or damaged; unprotected	19