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AP Physics 1 - Kinematics Flashcards

One Dimensional Kinematics

9580877333	Position	Where an object is, in terms of a well-chosen origin.	0
9580877334	Path Length	How far an object actually moves	1
9580877335	Displacement	An object's change in position	2
9580877336	Speed	How fast Always positive	3
9580877337	Velocity	Displacement over time	4
9580877338	Acceleration	Change in velocity / Time	5
9580877339	Positive vs. Negative Velocity	Tells you the direction of travel	6
9580877340	Positive Acceleration	Speeding up in positive direction Slowing down in negative direction	7
9580877341	Negative Acceleration	Slowing down in positive direction Speeding up in negative direction	8
9580877342	Slope of Velocity vs. Time	This slope equals acceleration	9
9580877343	Slope of Position vs. Time	This slope equals velocity	10
9580877344	Area of Acceleration vs. Time	This area equals change in velocity	11
9580877345	Area of Velocity vs. Time	This area equals change in position	12
9580877359	Horizontal Variables		13
9580877360	Horizontal Kinematic Equations		14
9580877361	Vertical Variables		15
9580877362	Vertical Kinematic Equations		16
9580877346	Free Fall	The only force on an object is gravity	17
9580877347	Acceleration due to Gravity	On Earth, -9.8 m/s2	18
9580877348	Vector	Has both magnitude and direction	19
9580877349	Scalar	Has only magnitude (just a number)	20
9580877350	Resultant	The answer to a vector addition problem	21
9580877351	Pythagorean Theorem	Used to add together perpendicular vectors	22
9580877352	Negative of a Vector	Flips the direction of a vector	23
9580877353	Projectile	An object that is thrown or launched	24
9580877354	Parabola	The shape of a projectile's trajectory	25
9580877355	Trajectory	The path an object follows	26
9580877356	Complementary Angles	Add up to 90 degrees	27
9580877357	Incline	A ramp	28
9580877358	Distance	The absolute value of displacement	29

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AP Government: Civil Rights Flashcards

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6530068062	Civil Rights	-Government action to create equal conditions -Right of a minority group to be free from discrimination by the majority -Equal treatment of minorities by states guaranteed by Equal Protection Clause of Fourteenth Amendment and, at the federal level, by the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment	0
6530068063	Equal Protection Clause	-Contained in Fourteenth Amendment -Declares that no state shall "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws" -Protects minorities from discrimination by state governments	1
6530068064	Civil Rights Act of 1964	-Landmark legislation that banned racial segregation in schools, public transportation, public facilities and employment—ended Jim Crow -Based on the federal government's power to control interstate commerce	2
6530068065	Voting Rights Act of 1965	-Landmark legislation that outlawed discriminatory voting practices responsible for widespread disenfranchisement of African Americans in the South -Ended literacy tests	3
6530068066	Affirmative Action	-Policy designed to correct effects of past racial or gender discrimination by giving certain preferences in education or employment to these groups -Courts are increasingly limiting the use of racial preferences	4
6530068068	Clear and present danger	Interpretation by Justice Oliver Wendell Homes regarding limits on free speech if it presents a danger to the public or leads to illegal actions; for example, one cannot shout "Fire!" in a crowded theater.	5
6530068069	Selective Incorporation	The case-by-case process by which liberties listed in the Bill of Rights have been applied to the states using the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.	6
6530068070	Miranda Rights	Statements required of police that inform a suspect of his or her constitutional rights protected by the fifth amendment, including the right to an attorney provided by the court if the suspect cannot afford one	7
6530068072	Original Intent	A view that the Constitution should be interpreted according to the Framers' ideas - conservatives often support this perspective	8
6530068073	Living Constitution	Assumes that the Constitution was meant to be a dynamic document whose meaning has to account for contemporary social and political context.	9
6530076785	Selective incorporation	The process by which the Bill of Rights has been applied to the states on a case-by-case basis through the Fourteenth Amendment	10
6530079137	14th Amendment	Equal protections under the laws- States are not allowed to take measures that restrict freedoms for any citizen, especially voting	11
6530081256	13th Amendment	Slavery is illegal in any form in the US.	12
6530084624	Civil Rights Act 1964	outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin.	13
6530090960	exclusionary rule	a law that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial	14
6531826959	Title IX	No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.	15
6531830327	Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay act of 2009	Restored the protection against pay discrimination that was stripped away by the Supreme Court's decision in Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.	16
6531855207	The Equal Pay Act (EPA)	prohibits sex-based wage discrimination between men and women in the same establishment who perform jobs that require substantially equal skill, effort, and responsibility under similar working conditions.	17
6531888887	Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)	Proposed amendment to the United States Constitution designed to guarantee equal rights for women and men. did not become part of the U.S. Constitution. Several organizations, however, continue to work for the adoption of an ERA.	18

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AP Flashcards

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7151992732	Mt. Everest	highest mountain in the world China	0
7151994179	Mt. Fugi	pinakabanal na bundok sa japan	1
7151995144	Mt. Emei	Eyebrow of buddha China	2
7151998021	Banaue Rice terracess	Philippines nicest stair form land	3
7152002224	Bohol	Located in the Philippines	4
7152002832	Camiguin	Found in the Philippines	5
7152003092	Cagayan river	Longest river in the Philippines	6
7152004396	Yangzte river	pinakamahabang ilog china	7
7152005047	Mekong River	A major river that runs from southern China through Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam.	8
7152006213	Thar desert	India's longest desert that runs along India/Pakistan border	9
7152008319	Gobi Desert	A high desert in China and Mongolia.	10
7152008910	china sea	Sea located south of China and east of Vietnam	11
7152009015	Spin Ghar	Afghanistan at Pakistan	12
7152010198	Silk Road	Caravan routes connecting CHINA and the Middle East across Central Asia and Iran.	13
7152011102	Khyber pass	A mountain pass connecting Afghanistan and Pakistan.	14
7152011736	Honshu	One of the four main islands of Japan	15
7152012421	Hokkaido	One of the four largest Japanese Islands	16
7152012654	Kyushu	Found in Japan	17
7152012998	Huang river	aka Yellow River. Second longest river in China.	18
7152015084	Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu	china	19
7152015696	Phuket	Popular resort area in Thailand	20

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Chapter 1 - AP Biology Flashcards

Vocabulary

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8649898806	Eukaryotic Cell	A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Organisms with this type of cell (protists, plants, fungi, and animals) are called eukaryotes.	0
8649898807	DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)	A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule, consisting of nucleotide monomers with a deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T); capable of being replicated and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.	1
8649898808	Deductive Reasoning	A type of logic in which specific results are predicted from a general premise.	2
8649898809	Inductive Reasoning	A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations.	3
8649898810	Prokaryotic Cell	A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Organisms with this type of cell (bacteria and archaea) are called prokaryotes.	4
8649898811	Biology	The scientific study of life.	5
8649898812	Emergent Properties	New properties that arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases.	6
8649898813	Hypothesis	A tentative answer to a well-framed question, narrower in scope than a theory and subject to testing.	7
8649898814	Evolution	the process of change that has transformed life on Earth	8
8649898815	Population	Evolution is the process of change that has transformed life on Earth	9
8649898816	Control Group	In a controlled experiment, the set of subjects that does not receive the set of factors being tested	10
8649898817	Reductionism	approach of reducing complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study	11
8649898818	Variable	a factor that varies in an experiment	12
8649898819	Community	All of the organisms that inhabit a particular area	13
8649898820	Scientific Method	a method of procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses.	14
8649898821	Experimental Group	the group in an experiment that receives the variable being tested	15
8649898822	Ecosystem	all of the organisms in a given area as well as the abiotic factors with which they interact; a community and its physical environment	16
8649898823	Biome	one of the world's major ecosystems, classified according to vegetation and characterized by adaptations of organisms to that environment	17
8649898824	Taxonomy	the branch of biology concerned with naming and classifying the diverse forms of life	18
8649898825	Biogenesis	the principle that all life arises by the reproduction of preexisting life	19
8649898826	Scientific Theory	a hypothesis or a group of hypotheses about some phenomena that have been supported through research using the scientific method.	20

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AP Psych Ch. 2 Flashcards

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5585826194	afferent	sensory input neuron	0
5585826195	efferent	motor output neuron	1
5585826196	glial cells	remove wastes from the nervous system	2
5585826197	polarized	neuron is in resting potential, Na on outside	3
5585826198	depolarized	neuron is in action potential, Na on inside	4
5585826199	refractory	neural resting period, absolute & relative	5
5585826200	repolarizes	neuron reestablishes negative-inside/positive-outside condition	6
5585826201	reuptake	neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by the presynaptic neuron	7
5585826202	synaptic vesicles	contain neurotransmitters	8
5585826203	Alzheimer's	believed to be caused by a lack of Acetylcholine in brain	9
5585826204	Multiple Sclerosis	condition of the degeneration of the myelin sheath	10
5585826205	Parkinson's	condition of the degeneration of dopamine producing neurons	11
5585826206	Schizophrenia	believed to be caused by excess levels of dopamine in the brain	12
5585826207	Depression	believed to be caused by imbalances of serotonin & norepinephrine	13
5585826208	endorphins	chemically similar to morphine & heroine, pain-relievers	14
5585826209	agonist	a drug that resembles a neurotransmitter	15
5585826210	antagonist	a drug that blocks a neurotransmitter at the receptor site	16
5585826211	central nervous system	made up of the brain & spinal cord	17
5585826212	ventricles	four cavities in the brain	18
5585826213	spinal reflexes	automatic withdrawal behaviors with no brain involvement	19
5585826214	peripheral nervous system	made up of somatic & autonomic nervous systems	20
5585826215	autonomic nervous system	made up of the sympathetic & parasympathetic systems	21
5585826216	parasympathetic	nervous system that is calming after an emergency response	22
5585826217	sympathetic	fight or flight emergency response system	23
5585826218	pituitary gland	regulates activities of several other glands, growth hormones	24
5585826219	pineal gland	produces melatonin	25
5585826220	thyroid gland	controls metabolism	26
5585826221	adrenal glands	secrete hormones involved in physical arousal to fear	27
5585826222	functional plasticity	brain's ability to shift function from damaged to undamaged area of brain	28
5585826223	structural plasticity	brain's ability to change in physical structure in response to learning	29
5585826224	neurogenesis	the development of new neurons	30
5585826225	contralateral organization	one side of the brain controls movements on other side of the body	31
5585826226	medulla	controls breathing & heart rate	32
5585826227	pons	"bridge", coordinates posture	33
5585826228	cerebellum	"little brain", muscle tone, balance, automatic movements	34
5585826229	reticular formation	nerve fibers, regulate attention, sends to higher structures of the brain	35
5585826230	substantia nigra	contains dopamine-producing neurons	36
5585826231	corpus callosum	connects the two cerebral hemispheres	37
5585826232	temporal lobe	primary auditory cortex	38
5585826233	occipital lobe	primary visual cortex	39
5585826234	parietal lobe	processes somatosensory information	40
5585826235	frontal lobe	largest lobe of cerebral cortex, executive functions	41
5585826236	primary motor cortex	located in the frontal lobe	42
5585826237	somatosensory cortex	located in the parietal lobe	43
5585826238	limbic system	made up of hypothalamus, thalamus & amygdala	44
5585826239	hypothalamus	regulates hunger, thirst & sleep	45
5585826240	thalamus	sensory relay station	46
5585826241	amygdala	involved in memory & basic emotions	47
5585826242	hippocampus	involved in the formation of new memories	48
5585826243	Broca's area	frontal lobe, production of speech	49
5585826244	Wernicke's area	temporal lobe, comprehension of speech	50
5585826245	aphasia	inability to articulate or understand speech	51
5585826246	split brain operation	cuts corpus callosum to help patients with epilepsy	52
5585826247	left brain functions	speech, language, arithmetic reading	53
5585826248	right brain functions	geometry, face recognition, mental rotation of shapes	54

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APES Chapter 5 Flashcards

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4890062894	Mass extinction	when large numbers of species went extinct over a relatively short period of time	0
4890062895	Fossils	remains of organisms that have been preserved in rock	1
4890062896	Realized niche	the range of abiotic and biotic conditions under which a species lives	2
4890062897	Niche generalist	species that live under a wide range of conditions	3
4890062898	Niche specialist	species that live only in specific habitats	4
4890062899	Range of tolerance	all species have an optimal environment in which they perform well (i.e. the limit to the abiotic conditions they can tolerate)	5
4890062900	Fundamental niche	the ideal conditions for a species	6
4890062901	Sympatric speciation	the evolution of one species into two species in the absence of geographic isolation, usually through the process of polyploidy (an increase in the number of sets of chromosomes)	7
4890062902	Allopatric speciation	when new species are created by geographic or reproductive isolation	8
4890062903	Reproductive isolation	when two (or more) populations from a single species are no longer able to reproduce	9
4890062904	Geographic isolation	when a continuous population is divided into two or more smaller populations	10
4890062905	Founder effect	a change in a population descended from a small number of colonizing individuals	11
4890062906	Bottleneck effect	a reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a reduction in its size	12

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AP Statistics Chapter 9 Flashcards

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8697246237	parameter (think "parameter" begins with a p)	a number that describes some characteristic of the population (typically mu or p)	0
8697246238	statistic (think "samle" begins with a s)	a number that describes some characteristic of a sample (typically x bar or p hat)	1
8697246239	sampling distribution of a statistic	the distribution of values taken by the statistic in all possible samples of the same size from the same population	2
8697246240	biased	not estimating the true center well	3
8697246241	unbiased	the mean of its sampling distribution is equal to the true value of the parameter being estimated	4
8697246242	the smaller the variability	the larger the sample ...	5
8697246243	variability of a statistic	is described by the spread of its sampling distribution	6
8697246244	p-hat	a sample proportion (formula: x/n)	7
8697246245	the formula for the mean of the sampling distribution of p-hat		8
8697246246	the formula for the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of p-hat		9
8697246247	the formula for the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of x-bar		10
8697246248	the formula for the mean of the sampling distribution of x-bar	µ "sub" x = µ	11
8697246249	Central Limit Theorem (CLT)	Draw an SRS of size n from any population with mean (µ) and finite standard deviation (σ). This says that when n is large (n ≥ 30) the sampling distribution of the sample means (x-bar) is approximately Normal.	12

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AP Chapter 21 Flashcards

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5686285444	Toltecs	70 miles north of Mexico City. Toltecs built their capital city there. 10th-12th centuries the Toltecs dominated most of mexico	0
5686285445	Mexica	The name the Aztecs called themselves	1
5686291907	Quetzalcoatl	Aztec nature god, feathered serpent, his disappearance and promised return coincided with the arrival of Cortes	2
5686291908	Pueblo	a communal village built by Indians in the southwestern United States	3
5686291926	Incas	A Native American people who built a notable civilization in western South America in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The center of their empire was in present-day Peru. Francisco Pizarro of Spain conquered the empire.	4
5686297122	Tenochtitlan	Capital of the Aztec Empire, located on an island in Lake Texcoco. Its population was about 150,000 on the eve of Spanish conquest. Mexico City was constructed on its ruins.	5
5686297123	Chinampas	Raised fields or floating gardens constructed by the Aztecs along lake shores in Mesoamerica to increase agricultural yields.	6
5686301235	Quipu	an ancient Inca device for recording information, consisting of variously colored threads knotted in different ways.	7

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AP Flashcards

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6066465846	太可惜	tai ke xi - that's too bad	0
6066635865	面试	mian shi - interview	1
6066656502	感冒	gan mao - to have a cold	2
6066666592	大夫	dai fu - doctor	3
6066689110	我恐怕	kong pa - i'm afraid that	4

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AP Flashcards

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8481531557	Anatomy	the study of structure of body parts	0
8481533961	Physiology	the study of function of those body parts	1
8481537536	10 Characteristics of Life	1) Movement 2) Respiration 3) Circulation 4) Growth 5) Reproduce 6) Responsiveness 7) Excretion 8) Digestion 9) Absorption 10) Assimilation	2
8481561254	5 Requirement for Life	1) Water 2) Food 3) Oxygen 4) Pressure 5) Heat	3
8481578478	Describe Homeostasis and what receptors, set point, and effectors are. Also what does negative feedback mean?	Homeo- the condition of a stable internal envronment Rec: stimulus that detects the changes of a condition SP: ideal condition Eff: alters the condition back to set point Neg Feedback: where the correction reduces its effectors	4
8481602504	Cavities in the Human Body	Cranial-head Vertebral Cav- spine Thoraic- ribs Plueral-heart abdominal cav- stomach diaphram-above stomcch mediastinum- center chest	5
8481628879	3 Planes	Saggital- in and out Transverse- midline Coronal- front and back	6
8481645670	Organization of Life from an atom	atom-molecule-macromolecule-organelle-cell-tissue-organ-organ system-organism	7
8481656180	10 Anatomical Terms:	superior (above) - anterior (below) anterior (towards front) -posterior (towards back) medial (close to middle) -lateral (farther from middle) promixal (closer to point of attachment) -distal (farther from point of attachment) superficial (to the surface) - deep (internal)	8
8481691253	Structure and Function of a Cell membrane	Cell Membrane controls what goes in and out of the membrane.	9
8481717333	Smooth Er Ribosomes Golgi Apparatus Mitochondria Lysosomes Microfilaments and Tubules Centrioles Vesicles	Smooth ER: transports molecules from one place to another Ribosomes: produces enzymes and proteins Golgi Apparatus: packages and delivers proteins Mitochondria: provides energy through respiration Lysosomes: break down foreign particles Microfilaments: cytoskeleton Centrioles: cell division Vesicles: helps move molecules	10
8481780042	Passive Mechanisms across cell membrane (What is Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, and filteration)	Passive: Does NOT need energy Diffusion: is from high to low concentration Facilitated Diffusion: uses protein as passageways osmosis: diffusion in water filteration: forced molecules through membranes	11
8481819001	Active Mechanisms across cell membrane (Exocytosis, Phago, pino, and endocytosis)	Active: Requires energy EXO: cells out phago: call eating pino: cell drinking ENDO: cells in	12
8481833839	Prophase	1st phase where chromosomes becomes visible	13
8481883174	Metaphase	2nd phase where chromosomes line up in middle	14
8481889488	Anaphase	3rd phase where chromsomes pull apart and becomes chromatids on opposite sides	15
8481909267	Telophase	nuclear membrane is reforming	16
8481917251	interphase	resting phase of successive mitotic division	17
8481938399	Metabolic Terms: Anabolism Cataolism Dehydration Synthesis Hydrolysis Cellular respiration	Anabolism: building (requires energy Catabolism: breaking (releases energy) Dehydration Sythesis: pulling apart by taking water Hydrolysis: pulling apart by adding water Cellular Respiration: atp	18
8482434408	Describe how enzymes work	Enzymes catalyze reactions, bind to substrates, and encourages rnx to happen	19
8482444692	4 types of membranes	1) Mucous 2) Synovial 3) Cutaneous 4) Serous	20
8482465190	Anatomy of skin adn functions	a protective covering that helps regulate boyd temperature functions: 1) protects covering 2) helps regulate body temp 3) retards water loss 4) houses sensory 5) excretes waste	21
8482484018	The Long bone	ephysis, acrticular cartilage, ephyseal line, diaphysis, canellous bone, medullary cav, compact bone, periosteum	22
8482503542	Bone Growth Osteoblasts Osteoclasts	blasts-bone building (deposition) clasts-bone breaking (resportion	23
8482513973	functions of bones and joints how many bones are there. which 2 categories. how many bones for each? What are the functions of joints and types?	22 bones in all. Cranium-8 bones frontal paritial temporal, occipital, henoid, ethmoid. Facial-13 bones maxilla mandible zygomatic nasal lacrimal Functions: enables the body to move, bone growth and shape. absorbs shock, equilizes pressure. types: synovial, fibrous, cartinginous	24

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