| 9802245248 | Allegory | a representation of an abstract or spiritual meaning through concrete or material forms; figurative treatment of one subject under the guise of another; a symbolic narrative | | 0 |
| 9802253035 | Alliteration | repetition of the same sound at the beginning of several words in a sequence | | 1 |
| 9802257254 | Allusion | a direct or indirect reference to something from history, the Bible, another literary work, mythology | | 2 |
| 9802261884 | Anaphora | repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines | | 3 |
| 9802264664 | Anecdote | a short account of a particular incident or event, especially of an interesting or amusing nature; a short, obscure historical or biographical account | | 4 |
| 9802267714 | Antimetabole | repetition of words in reverse order | | 5 |
| 9802271091 | Antithesis | contrast of ideas or words in a balanced or parallel construction | | 6 |
| 9802275504 | Assumption | a belief or statement taken for granted without proof | | 7 |
| 9802277697 | Asyndeton | omission of conjunctions between phrases, clauses, or words in a series (red, white, blue) | | 8 |
| 9802277698 | Bias | prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue | | 9 |
| 9802280873 | Cause/Effect | analyzing the causes that lead to a certain effect, or the effects that result from a cause | | 10 |
| 9802282956 | Claim | an assertion, usually supported by evidence | | 11 |
| 9802289324 | Classification/Division | sorting ideas within a text into categories | | 12 |
| 9802297123 | Clause | a grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb. An independent clause expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence; a dependent clause does not express a complete thought and must be accompanied by an independent clause | | 13 |
| 9802301158 | Comparison/Contrast | juxtaposing two things to highlight similarities and differences | | 14 |
| 9802303500 | Connotation | the implied or suggested meaning of a word | | 15 |
| 9802306306 | Context | the occasion or the time and place a text was written or spoken | | 16 |
| 9802308755 | Counterargument | a challenge to a position; an opposing argument | | 17 |
| 9802311675 | Cumulative sentence/Loose sentence | a sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence, and then builds/adds on | | 18 |
| 9802316986 | Definition | a text that provides a specific meaning to a term or idea | | 19 |
| 9802320051 | Denotation | the dictionary definition of a word | | 20 |
| 9802320052 | Diction | word choice | | 21 |
| 9802324684 | Euphemism | a less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word | | 22 |
| 9802327717 | Exemplification | writing that provides a series of examples | | 23 |
| 9802331438 | Extended metaphor | a comparison that continues throughout the length of the piece of writing | | 24 |
| 9802334342 | Figurative language | writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid | | 25 |
| 9802340239 | Genre | the major category into which a literary work fits (a few examples: prose fiction, prose nonfiction, poetry, drama) | | 26 |
| 9802343246 | Hortative sentence/Hortatory | a sentence used as a call to action | | 27 |
| 9802346008 | Hyperbole | an exaggerated statement | | 28 |
| 9802349311 | Imagery | detailed descriptions that involve one of the 5 senses of the reader/listener - sight, sound, touch, taste, smell | | 29 |
| 9802352833 | Inversion/Inverted sentence | inverted order of words in a sentence | | 30 |
| 9802390518 | Irony | the contrast between what is stated and what is really meant; the difference between what appears to be and what is actually true | | 31 |
| 9802394438 | Juxtaposition | the placing of two or more opposite words in a sentence to provide contrast | | 32 |
| 9802396924 | Metaphor | a direct comparison of two unlike things | | 33 |
| 9802399460 | Metonymy | a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it | | 34 |
| 9802402329 | Narration | telling a story or recounting a series of events | | 35 |
| 9802404840 | Oxymoron | a figure of speech that groups two contradictory terms together to describe one thing | | 36 |
| 9802407319 | Paradox | a statement that appears to be contradictory but is actually true | | 37 |
| 9802414089 | Parallelism | a similar grammatical pattern/structure in items in a series | | 38 |
| 9802418672 | Periodic sentence | a sentence that holds its meaning/main clause until the end | | 39 |
| 9802425919 | Persona | the speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing | | 40 |
| 9802428812 | Personification | a figure of speech in which the author gives human characteristics to concepts, animals, or inanimate objects | | 41 |
| 9802431068 | Polemic | an argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion | | 42 |
| 9802434405 | Process analysis | a type of writing that explains how something works or how to do something | | 43 |
| 9802439899 | Propaganda | a negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information | | 44 |
| 9802442249 | Purpose | one's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing | | 45 |
| 9802442250 | Refute | to discredit an argument | | 46 |
| 9802448004 | Repetition | a repeated pattern in a written work; it can be a word, phrase, sound, idea, type of sentence | | 47 |
| 9802451247 | Rhetoric | the art of persuasion | | 48 |
| 9802455205 | Rhetorical Modes | the different purposes of writing: expository, narrative, descriptive, persuasive | | 49 |
| 9802458037 | Rhetorical question | a question asked, not for a genuine answer, but to create an expected effect | | 50 |
| 9802462161 | Satire | a sarcastic, ironic, witty composition that mocks an institution for the purpose of creating change | | 51 |
| 9802469681 | Schemes | the artful use of syntax or sentence structure | | 52 |
| 9802475148 | Simile | a comparison of two or more things that uses the words like or as | | 53 |
| 9802478518 | Style | the choices an author makes in blending diction, sentence structure, and figurative language to create his/her intended meaning | | 54 |
| 9802481364 | Syntax | sentence structure | | 55 |
| 9802484230 | Theme | the central idea or message in a written work | | 56 |
| 9802487147 | Thesis | the statement that expresses the main idea of an essay | | 57 |
| 9802490940 | Tone | the author's attitude | | 58 |
| 9802494158 | Tropes | the artful use of diction | | 59 |
| 9802496904 | Understatement | making something seem less important that it really is | | 60 |
| 9802496905 | Parody | a work that mocks or closely imitates another work for the purposes of humor or criticism | | 61 |
| 9802508347 | Zeugma | use of two words in a grammatically similar way but producing different meanings | | 62 |
| 9802512300 | Logos | logical or rational appeal; appealing to the intelligence of the audience by using sound reasoning and strong evidence | | 63 |
| 9802514199 | Pathos | emotional appeals; appealing to the emotions of the audience by focusing on the beliefs and feelings deeply embedded in their minds | | 64 |
| 9802514200 | Ethos | ethical appeals; the credibility of the speaker, implied through his/her use of sound logic, moderate tone, and strong evidence | | 65 |
| 9802524453 | Apostrophe | a figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person, an object, or an abstract idea. An apostrophe addresses someone or something who cannot respond. | | 66 |
| 9802528062 | Colloquialism/Colloquial language | the use of slang or informalities in speech or writing | | 67 |
| 9802533276 | Didactic | to teach/instruct | | 68 |
| 9802539189 | Homily | a sermon, serious speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice | | 69 |
| 9802542137 | Inference | to draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented | | 70 |
| 9802542138 | Invective | an emotionally violent, verbal attack that uses strong, abusive language | | 71 |
| 9802548330 | Mood | the prevailing atmosphere or emotional feeling of a work | | 72 |
| 9802552166 | Pedantic | an adjective that describes words, phrases, or the general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish | | 73 |
| 9802555096 | Point of view | the perspective from which the story is told | | 74 |
| 9802558432 | Prose | fiction or nonfiction writing that is NOT poetry | | 75 |
| 9802561989 | Sarcasm | a type of writing or speaking that involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something | | 76 |
| 9802561990 | Semantics | the study of the meaning, development, and connotations of words | | 77 |
| 9802565485 | Symbol | anything that stands for something else | | 78 |
| 9802571735 | ad hominem | Latin for "to the man": attacking the person instead of the issue | | 79 |
| 9802576695 | ad populum | Latin for to the crowd; a misconception that because many others believe it, then it must be true (also known as bandwagon) | | 80 |
| 9802581341 | Appeal to False Authority | using the testimony of a well-known person outside of his special field | | 81 |
| 9802624996 | False cause/post hoc | arguing that one event was caused by another event merely because it occurred after that event | | 82 |
| 9802634356 | Hasty generalization | drawing a conclusion on the basis of insufficient evidence or on the basis of a few examples | | 83 |
| 9802638258 | Red herring | a statement that diverts attention from the issue | | 84 |
| 9802641124 | Traditional wisdom | argues that the way things used to be is better than they are now, ignoring any problems in the past | | 85 |
| 9802645949 | Begging the question/circular reasoning | repeating the point in different words | | 86 |
| 9802650796 | Either-or reasoning/false dilemma | assuming there are only two choices | | 87 |
| 9802666219 | Refute/refutation | to discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument | | 88 |
| 9802669983 | Rebut/rebuttal | a refutation, or a contradiction | | 89 |
| 9802674741 | Analogy | a comparison between two things, typically on the basis of their structure and for the purpose of explanation or clarification | | 90 |
| 9802678861 | Deduction | the process of reasoning from one or more statements (or premises) to reach a logically certain conclusion | | 91 |
| 9802678863 | Induction | reasoning in which the premises seek to supply strong evidence for (not absolute proof of) the truth of the conclusion. The conclusion is probably rather than certain. | | 92 |
| 9802692339 | Premise | a proposition supporting or helping to support a conclusion; in logic, an argument requires at least two sets of these declarative statements along with a third, known as the conclusion | | 93 |
| 9802697842 | Syllogism | (Greek for "conclusion, inference") A form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion. Reasoning from the general to the specific; deduction | | 94 |
| 9802702350 | Logical fallacy | common errors in reasoning that will undermine the logic of your argument | | 95 |
| 9802706302 | Enthymeme | an argumentative statement in which the writer or the speaker omits one of the major or minor premises, does not clearly pronounce it, or keeps the premise implied; however, the omitted premise in the statement remains understandable even if not clearly expressed | | 96 |
| 9802710064 | Equivocation | a half-truth, or a statement that is partially correct but that purposefully obscures the entire truth | | 97 |
| 9802710065 | False analogy | an argument based on misleading, superficial, or implausible comparisons | | 98 |
| 9802717421 | Non sequitur | arguments that do not follow a logical sequence. The conclusion doesn't logically follow the explanation. An important logical step may be missing in such a claim. | | 99 |
| 9802723095 | Straw man | an argument based on the misrepresentation of the opponent's argument in order to defeat him/her | | 100 |
| 9802728256 | Slippery slope | arguments that suggest that one step will inevitably lead to more, eventually negative steps | | 101 |
