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AP Language Vocabulary Flashcards

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7745851671Ad Hominem ArgumentLatin for "to or against the person," this fallacy involves switching the argument from the issue at hand to the character of the other speaker0
7745851672Ad Populum (bandwagon appeal)This fallacy occurs when evidence boils down to "everybody's doing it, so it must be a good thing to do."1
7745851673AllegoryThe device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning2
7745851674AllusionA direct or indirect reference to something that is commonly known. Allusions can be historical, literary, religious, or mythical.3
7745851675AmbiguityThe multiple meanings of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage.4
7745851676AnalogyA similarity or relationship between two things. An analogy can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with something more familiar.5
7745851677antecedentThe word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun6
7745851678AntithesisA figure of speech that involves an opposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in a parallel construction.7
7745851679Appeal to False AuthorityThis fallacy occurs when someone who has no expertise on a subject is cited as an authority.8
7745851680ApostropheA figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or personified abstraction.9
7745851681Archaic DictionOld-fashioned or outdated choice of words10
7745851682AsyndentonOmission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words.11
7745851683AttitudeA writer's position or emotion regarding the subject of the writing.12
7745851684CaricatureA representation in which the subject's features are deliberately exaggerated to produce a comic or grotesque effect.13
7745851685ConcessionAn acknowledgement that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable.14
7745851686ConnotationsMeanings or associations that readers have with a word beyond its dictionary definition. Connotations are positive or negative.15
7745851687ContextThe circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding a text.16
7745851688CounterargumentAn opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward17
7745851689ChiasmusA figure of speech based on inverted parallelism. It is a rhetorical figure in which two clauses are related to each other through a reversal of terms.18
7745851690AntimetaboleRepetition of words in reverse order. Antimetabole is a type of chiasmus, but not all chiasmus are a type of antimetabole.19
7745851691ColloquialismSlang or informality in speech or writing20
7745851692ClaimAlso called an assertion or a proposition, a claim states the argument's main idea or position. A claim differs from a topic or subject in that a claim has to be arguable.21
7745851693Claim of FactA claim of fact asserts that something is true or not true. Ex. Test scores accurately measure a student's success!22
7745851694Claim of ValueA claim of value argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong. Ex. Video games are corrupting today's youth.23
7745851695Claim of PolicyA claim of policy proposes a change. Ex. Legalize marijuana!24
7745851696Closed ThesisA closed thesis is a statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews major points the writer intends to make. Ex. The three-dimensional characters, exciting plot, and complex themes of the Harry Potter series makes them legendary children's books.25
7745851697conceitA fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or a surprising analogy between two dissimilar objects.26
7745851698Concrete detailSpecific details, facts, or examples used to support the main idea of a text.27
7745851699denotationThe strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word.28
7745851700dictionrelated to style, diction refers to the writer's word choices. Examples of diction include, formal or informal, ornate or plain.29
7745851701didacticdidactic works have the primary aim of teaching or instructing, especially teaching moral or ethical principals30
7745851702ethosA speaker's expertise, knowledge, experience, sincerity, and common purpose with the audience are examples of how a speaker demonstrates they are credible and trustworthy.31
7745851703euphemisma more agreeable or less offensive substitute for generally unpleasant words or concepts32
7745851704extended metaphora metaphor developed at great length33
7745851705homilyThis term literally means, "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.34
7745851706hyperbolea figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement35
7745851707imagerythe sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions36
7745851708inferto draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented. Inferences are not directly stated.37
7745851709ironythe contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant; the difference between what appears to be and what is actually true.38
7745851710juxtapositionplacing dissimilar items, descriptions, or ideas closely together or side by side, especially for comparison or contrast.39
7745851711logical fallacyA mistake in verbal reasoning. The reasoning must be potentially deceptive.40
7745851712metaphorA figure of speech using implied comparison of unlike things. Metaphorical language makes writing more vivid, imaginative, thought-provoking, and meaningful.41
7745851713mode of discourse: expositionwriting that intends to inform and demonstrate a point42
7745851714mode of discourse: narrationwriting that tells a story or relates a series of events43
7745851715mode of discourse: descriptionwriting that creates sensory images, often evoking a mood or atmosphere44
7745851716mode of discourse: argumentationwriting that takes a stand on an issue and supports it with evidence and logical reasoning45
7745851717onomatopoeiaa figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sound of words46
7745851718parallelism/parallel construction/parallel structurethe grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences or paragraphs to give structural similarity47
7745851719parodya work that closely imitates the style or content of another work with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule48
7745851720pathosa speaker's intent to inspire an emotional reaction in an audience49
7745851721personificationa figure of speech in which the author endows an inanimate object with human qualities or characteristics50
7745851722point of view--first personThe perspective from which a story is told. 1st person--tells the story with the pronoun "I" and is a character in the story.51
7745851723point of view--third person limited omniscientUses "he," "she," and "it." Limited omniscient--the narrator presents the feelings and thoughts of only one character52
7745851724proseProse refers to fiction and nonfiction. Prose is written in ordinary language and most closely resembles everyday speech.53
7745851725repetitionThe duplication of any element of language, such as sound, word, phrase, sentence, or grammatical pattern.54
7745851726rhetoricGreek for "orator" describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively55
7745851727logosemploys logical reasoning, combining a clear idea with well-thought-out and appropriate examples and details56
7745851728rhetorical appealsThe persuasive device by which a writer tries to sway the audience's attention and response to a given work.57
7745851729oxymorona paradox made up of two seemingly contradictory words58
7745851730personathe face or character that a speaker shows to his or her audience59
7745851731polemicAn aggressive argument that tries to establish the superiority of one opinion over all others. Ex. No concession to other arguments.60
7745851732polysyndetonThe deliberate use of multiple conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words.61
7745851733propagandaThe spread of ideas and information to further a cause62
7745851734Qualifierwords used to temper a claim, making it less absolute Ex. usually, probably, maybe, in most cases, most likely63
7745851735schemeartful syntax; a deviation from the normal order of words64
7745851736second-hand evidenceevidence that is accessed through research, reading, and investigation65
7745851737tropeartful diction; a figure of speech such as metaphor, simile, hyperbole, metonymy, or synecdoche66
7745851738metonymya figure of speech in which something is represented by another thing that is related to it or emblematic of it.67
7745851739synecdochefigure of speech that uses a part to represent the whole. Ex. "All hands on deck!"68
7745851740ZeugmaThe use of a word to modify two or more words when it is appropriate to use only one of them or is appropriate to use each but in a different way. Ex. "To wage war and peace" or "On his fishing trip he caught three trout and a cold."69
7745851741rhetorical questiona question that is asked merely for effect and does not expect a reply70
7745851742satirea work that targets human vices and follies, or societal institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule71
7745851743similean explicit comparison, using "like" or "as"72
7745851744styleAn evaluation of a sum of choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other literary devices.73
7745851745syllogismA deductive system of formal logic that presents to premises--the first one called major and the second minor--that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion.74
7745851746symbolAn object, action, character, scene, or idea that represents something more abstract.75
7745851747syntaxthe way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences76
7745851748themethe central idea or message of a work. Themes should be expressed in complete sentences by combining the topic with a verb. Ex. Forgiveness is earned through sacrifice.77
7745851749thesisThe thesis statement is the sentence or group of sentences that directly express the author's opinion, purpose, meaning or proposition.78
7745851750tonetone describes the author's attitude toward his or her material, the audience, or both.79
7745851751moodThe dominant impression or emotional atmosphere evoked by a text. Ex. Mood is how "you" feel after reading a text.80
7745851752transitiona word or phrase that links different ideas or effectively signals a shift from one idea to another.81
7745851753rhetorical strategiesA global term that refers to all the strategies an author can use. Ex. structure, purpose, style82
7745851754begging the questionA fallacy in which a claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt. It "begs" a question whether the support itself is sound.83
7745851755Either/Or (false dilemma)In this fallacy, the speaker presents two extreme options as the only possible choices.84
7745851756First-hand evidenceEvidence based on something the writer knows, whether it's from personal experience or observations.85
7745851757Hasty generalizationA fallacy in which a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate information. Ex. Smoking isn't bad for you; my aunt smoked a pack a day and lived to be 90.86
7745851758Hortative SentenceSentence that exhorts, urges, entreats, implores, or calls to action. Ex. "Let both sides explore what problem unite us..."87
7745851759occasionthe time and place a speech is given or a piece is written88
7745851760open thesisan open thesis is one that does not list all of the points the writer intends to cover in an essay. Ex. The popularity of the Harry Potter books demonstrates that both young and old readers value the fanciful world of wizardry.89
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AP Language Rhetorical Analysis Flashcards

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9713124793AlliterationRepetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words that are close to one another0
9713131677AllusionA reference to a well known person, place, or thing from literature, history etc.1
9713140214AnadiplosisRepetition of the last word or phrase in once clause at or very near the beginning of the following clause2
9713152958AnalogyComparison of two similar but different things, usually to clarify an action or a relationship, such as comparing the work of a heart to that of a pump. A comparison to a directly parallel case.3
9713170320AnaphoraRepetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row. This is a deliberate form of repetition and helps make the writer's point more coherent.4
9713192377AnecdoteA short, simple narrative of an incident; often used for humorous effector to make a point5
9713205569AntithesisThe presentation of two contrasting ideas. The ideas are balanced by word, phrase, clause, or paragraphs.6
9713219951ApostropheUsually in poetry but sometimes in prose; the device of calling out an imaginary, dead, or absent person or to a place, thing, or personified abstraction.7
9713236808AsyndetonCommas used to separate a series of words. The parts are emphasized equally when the conjunction is omitted; in addition, the use of commas with no intervening conjunction speeds up the flow of a sentence8
9713259075ChiasmusMight be called "reverse parallelism" since the second part of a grammatical construction is balanced or paralleled by the first part, only in reverse order9
9713274726ConnotationImplied or suggested meaning of a word because of its association in the reader's mind10
9713284562DenotationLiteral meaning of a word as defined11
9713295786DictionWord choice, an element of style; it creates tone, attitude, and style as well as meaning. Different types and arrangements of words have significant effects on meaning.12
9713325416DissonanceHarsh or grating sounds that do not go together13
9713335539EllipsisThe artful immersion of a word implied by a previous clause14
9713341747HyperboleDeliberate exaggeration in order to create humor or emphasis15
9713348475IdiomA speech form or an expression of a given language that is peculiar to itself grammatically or cannot be understood from the individual meanings of its elements, as in keep tabs on16
9713365697InversionReversing the customary order of elements in a sentence or phrase; it is used effectively in many cases, such as posing a question17
9713409535JuxtapositionThe placement of two things near eachother18
9713416161LitotesA particular form of understatement, is generated by denying the opposite or contrary of the word which otherwise would be used19
9713434933MetonymyA figure of speech that uses the name of an object, person, or idea to represent something with which it is assosciated20
9713449609OxymoronA figure of speech composed of contradictory words or phrases, such as "wise fool" "bitter sweet"21
9713461365ParadoxA statement that seems to contradict itself but that turns out to have a rational meaning22
9713467895ParallelismThe technique of arranging words, phrases, clauses, or larger structures by placing them side by side and making them similar in grammatical form23
9713480052SyntaxThe grammatical structure of a sentence24
9713484922UnderstatementThe opposite of exaggeration. It is a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended25
9713496179ZeugmaWhen a grammatical construction changes the verb's initial meaning but is still grammatically correct26
9713507056SynecdocheA figure of speech in which part of something is used to represent a whole27
9713522785AllegoryAn expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances. A story with two or more levels of meaning28
9713529518ColloquialCharacteristic of informal spoken language or conversation29
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AP Language Flashcards

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8751038417EnglishEnglish0
8751038418adagea proverb or wise saying commonly used (ex: Things are not always as they seem.)1
8751038419allegorya story in which people, things and happenings have a hidden or symbolic meaning.(fables, parables, apologue have meanings on two or more levels.)2
8751038420alliterationwords used in quick succession and begin with letters belonging to the same sound group; a repetition of similar sounds/letters in the sentence. (Wicked witch of the west went her own way.)3
8751038421allusiona passing reference to a commonly-known historical, cultural, religious, literary, or mythical person, place, event, or work of art, whereby the reader must make the connection within the current text.4
8751038422ambiguitymultiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, passage or sentence; can lead reader toward uncertainty of meaning5
8751038423analogyestablishing a relationship based on similarities between two concepts or ideas; helps convey meaning of a new idea6
8751038424anaphorathe deliberate repetition of the first part of the sentence in order to achieve an artistic effect; most commonly found in the Bible (O Lord,.for I am weak.O Lord, heal me. O Lord, have mercy on me.)7
8751038425anecdoteshort and interesting story or an amusing event often proposed to support or demonstrate some point and make readers and listeners laugh; Anecdotes can include an extensive range of tales and stories8
8751038426antecedentword, phrase, or clause that is replaced by a pronoun9
8751038427antimetabolerepetition of words in reverse grammatical order; Ex: "Fair is foul and foul is fair."10
8751038428antithesisparallel structures of the contrasted phrases or clauses, i.e. the structures of phrases and clauses are similar in order to draw the attention of the listeners or readers; Ex: "One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind."11
8751038429apostrophespeaker talks to someone or something that is obviously not present12
8751038430appositivea renaming of a noun or noun phrase immediately after first stating the noun13
8751038431archetypeA detail, image, or character type that occurs frequently in literature and myth and is thought to appeal in a universal way to the unconscious and to evoke a response14
8751038432argumenta statement put forth and supported by evidence15
8751038433asyndetonauthor purposely leaves out conjunctions in the sentence, while maintaining the grammatical accuracy of the phrase; shortening the statement for greater impact; "Reduce, reuse, recycle."16
8751038434audiencethose to whom a piece of literary work is being presented17
8751038435cacophonyTremendous noise, disharmonious sound18
8751038436characterizationActions, dialogue, and narrative description that reveal a sense of a character's personality to the reader.19
8751038437circumlocutionan indirect or wordy way of expressing an idea which leaves the reader perplexed; exaggeratedly long and complex sentences in order to convey a meaning that could have otherwise been conveyed through a shorter, much simpler sentence20
8751038438climaxthat point in a plot that creates the greatest intensity, suspense, or interest. Also called "turning point"21
8751038439colloquialCharacteristic of ordinary conversation rather than formal speech or writing22
8751038440concessionAn argumentative strategy by which a speaker or writer acknowledges the validity of an opponent's point.23
8751038441conceitA fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects; unusual and unlikely comparisons between two things24
8751038442connotationassociations people make with words that go beyond the literal or dictionary definition25
8751038443contextThe parts before or after a word or statement that influence its meaning26
8751038444counter argumentan argument or set of reasons put forward to oppose an idea or theory developed in another argument.27
8751038445cumulative sentencea sentence in which the main independent clause is elaborated by the successive addition of modifying clauses or phrases28
8751038446denotationDictionary definition of a word; literal meaning29
8751038447denouementan outcome or solution; the unraveling of a plot30
8751038448detailThe facts revealed by the author or speaker that support the attitude or tone in a piece of poetry or prose.31
8751038449dictionA writer's or speaker's choice of words32
8751038450elegya mournful, melancholy, or plaintive poem, especially a funeral song or a lament for the dead.33
8751038451ellipsisin a sentence, the omission of a word or words replaced by three periods ...34
8751038452epicA long narrative poem, written in heightened language, which recounts the deeds of a heroic character who embodies the values of a particular society35
8751038453ethosOne of the fundamental strategies of argumentation identified by Aristotle. Ethos is basically an appeal to credibility. The writer is seeking to convince you that he or she has the background, history, skills, and/or expertise to speak on the issue.36
8751038454euphemismFrom the Greek for "good speech," euphemisms are a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept - POLITICALLY CORRECT37
8751038455expositionBackground information presented in a literary work.38
8751038456hyperboleA figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement. (The literal Greek meaning is "overshoot.") Hyperboles often have a comic effect; however, a serious effect is also possible. Often, hyperbole produces irony.39
8751038457imageryuse of words and phrases to create "mental images" for the reader; helps the reader visualize more realistically the author's writings through the usage of metaphors, allusions, descriptive words and similes40
8751038458imperative sentencesgives a command or request; often subject is understood and sentence ends with !41
8751038459inversionA sentence in which the verb precedes the subject.42
8751038460verbal ironySarcasm; what is said is the opposite of what is meant43
8751038461juxtapositionplacing an idea next to its opposite to emphasize contrast and comparison44
8751038462logosAn appeal to reason. Logos is one of the fundamental strategies of argumentation identified by Aristotle. It occurs when a writer tries to convince you of the logic of his argument. writers may use inductive argumentation or deductive argumentation, but they clearly have examples and generally rational tome to their language. The problem with logos is that is can appear reasonable until you dissect the argument and then find fallacies that defeat the viability of the argument on the reader's eyes. Of course, that presupposes that the readers is able to identify the fallacies.45
8751038463metaphorA figurative comparison of two unlike things without using the word like or as46
8751038464metonymy(mĕtŏn′ ĭmē) A term from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name," metonymy is a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. For example, a news release that claims "the White House declared" rather than "the President declared" is using metonymy; Shakespeare uses it to signify the male and female sexes in As You Like It: "doublet and hose ought to show itself courageous to petticoat." The substituted term generally carries a more potent emotional impact.47
8751038465moodFeeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader; using specific diction, description, setting, and characterization to create the atmosphere48
8751038466motifA recurring theme, subject or idea49
8751038467narrativea fiction, nonfiction, poetic, or dramatic story, actual or fictional, expressed orally or in text.50
8751038468non sequiturA statement that does not follow logically from evidence51
8751038469occasionthe time and place a speech is given or a piece is written52
8751038470onomatopoeiaA figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words. Ex: buzz, hiss, hum, crack, whinny, and murmur.53
8751038471organizationIn a composition, the arrangement of ideas, incidents, evidence, or details in a perceptible order in a paragraph or essay.54
8751038472oxymoronA figure of speech consisting of two apparently contradictory terms; The richest literary oxymora(paradoxes) seem to reveal a deeper truth through their contradictions. Ex: "without laws, we can have no freedom." Shakespeare's Julius Caesar also makes use of a famous oxymoron: "Cowards die many times before their deaths"55
8751038473paceSpeed with which the author delivers the story controlled by language, mood, emotion played out in speech, dialogue, descriptions.56
8751038474parableA simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson57
8751038475paradoxA statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.58
8751038476parallel structurerepetition of the same pattern of words or phrases within a sentence or passage to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance.59
8751038477parodyA humorous or satirical imitation of a serious piece of literature or writing60
8751038478pathosAn appeal to emotion. This is one of the fundamental strategies of argumentation identified by Aristotle. Typically, pathos arguments may use loaded words to make you feel guilty, lonely, worried, insecure, or confused.61
8751038479personaAn individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.62
8751038480personificationauthor presents or describes concepts, animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions.63
8751038481point of viewPerspective from which a story is told; omniscient point of view= the person telling the story or narrator knows everything that's going on in the story; first- person point of view the narrator is a character in the story; limited third-person point of view the narrator is outside the story- like an omniscient narrator- but tells the story from the vantage point of one character."64
8751038482polemica controversial argument, esp. attacking a particular opinion65
8751038483propagandaA negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information.66
8751038484prosewritten or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure.67
8751038485purposeOne's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing.68
8751038486refutationThe part of an argument wherein a speaker or writer anticipates and counters opposing points of view.69
8751038487repetitionRepeated use of sounds, words, or ideas for effect and emphasis70
8751038488rhetoricFrom the Greek for "orator," this term describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively.71
8751038489rhetorical appealsRhetorical techniques used to persuade an audience by emphasizing what they find most important or compelling. The three major appeals are to ethos (character), logos (reason), and pathos (emotion).72
8751038490rhetorical questionA question whose answer is assumed; a rhetorical question is designed to force the reader to respond in a predetermined manner and to propel an argument emotionally.73
8751038491rhetorical triangleA diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience ex:Aristotelian triangle74
8751038492satireA work that reveals a critical attitude toward some element of human behavior by portraying it in an extreme way. It doesn't simply abuse (as in invective) or get personal (as in sarcasm). It targets groups or large concepts rather than individuals.75
8751038493simileA comparison of two things using like or as76
8751038494symbolismAn ordinary object with an extraordinary significance77
8751038495synecdocheA figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole (as hand for sailor), the whole for a part (as the law for police officer), the specific for the general (as cutthroat for assassin), the general for the specific (as thief for pickpocket), or the material for the thing made from it (as steel for sword).78
8751038496syllogismA form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.79
8751038497syntaxLanguage rules that govern how words can be combined to form meaningful phrases and sentences80
8751038498thesisFocus statement of an essay; premise statement upon which the point of view or discussion in the essay is based.81
8751038499toneA writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization on the sentence and global levels.82
8751038500transitionA word or phrase that links one idea to the next and carries the reader from sentence to sentence, paragraph to paragraph83
8751038501voiceIn grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.84
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Adjetivos 1 - AP Language Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
7904244269absurdoabsurd0
7904244270agresivoaggressive1
7904245825agriosour2
7904246757agudosharp3
7904246758amablefriendly4
7904246767amargobitter5
7904247565ambiciosoambitious6
7904247566analfabetoilliterate7
7904249026angularangular8
7904249027ansiosoanxious9
7904250735angustiadoanguished10
7904250736apaciblecalm, tranquil, placid11
7904251909apagableturned off12
7904251910asadoROASTED13
7904252956asquerosogross14
7904252957asustadoscared15
7904252958babososlimy16
7904253727baratocheap17
7904253728bellopretty18
7904253729borrachodrunk19
7904256251chifladocrazy20
7904259908chistosofunny21
7904259909chuecocrooked22
7904259910chulococky, brazen23
7904260858débilweak24
7904260859dependientedependent25
7904262145deprimidodepressed26
7904262146descortésdiscourteous27
7904263343desesperadodesperate28
7904263344deshonestodishonest29
7904264183desnudonaked30
7904264184despacioslow31
7904265851distintodistinct32
7904265852divorciadodivorced33
7904266983dolorosopainful34
7904266984durohard, long35
7904266993embarazadapregnant36
7904267970emocionalemotional37
7904267971enamoradoin love38
7904269061encueradobare39
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AP Language-Vocabulary Flashcards

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9883364909BombasticHigh sounding but with little meaning; inflated;grandiloquent.0
9883364910CapriciousImpulsive; unpredictable. Sudden and unaccountable changes of mood or behavior.1
9883364911Colloquialism (Colloquial)a word or phrase that is not formal or literary. It is still used in literature to provide a sense of actual conversation and the use of pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary of everyday speech.2
9883364912Apathylack of interest, enthusiasm or concern. No emotion3
9883364913DialectA variety of language confined to a region or group, manner or means of expressing oneself.4
9883364914CondescendingHaving or feeling superior. patronizing or assuming superiority.5
9883364915VoiceAn authors distinctive literary style, basic vision and general attitude toward the world. Revealed through the use of Syntax, Diction, Punctuation, Characterization, and Dialogue.6
9883364916AssertionA confident and forceful statement of fact or belief. A declaration that's made em pathetically in an argument as it to be understood as a statement of fact.7
9883364917Cogent(of an argument or case) clear, logical, and convincing.8
9883364918Coherent(of an argument, theory, or policy) logical and consistent9
9883364919Cohesivecharacterized by or causing cohesion (act or state of being uniting, cohering, or sticking together).10
9883364920Didacticintended to teach, particularly in having moral instruction as an ulterior motive.11
9883364921Discoursewritten or spoken communication or debate. (verb) speak or write authoritatively about a topic.12
9883364922Eloquencefluent or persuasive speaking or writing.13
9883364923Fluidable to flow easily.14
9883364924implicationthe conclusion that can be drawn from something, although it is not explicitly stated.15
9883364925lucidexpressed clearly; easy to understand16
9883364926rhetora teacher of rhetoric17
9883364927Arbitera person who settles a dispute or has ultimate authority in a matter18
9883364928Biasedunfairly prejudiced for or against something or someone.19
9883364929Exculpateshow or declare that (someone) is not guilty of wrongdoing20
9883364930Impartialtreating all rivals or disputants equally; fair and just.21
9883364931Incontrovertiblenot able to be denied or disputed.22
9883364932Integritythe quality of being honest and having strong moral principles; moral uprightness.23
9883364933Objectivitythe quality of being objective; justice; neutrality24
9883364934Plausible(of an argument or statement) seeming reasonable or probable.25
9883364935Substantiatedprovide evidence to support or prove that truth of.26
9883364936vindicatedclear (something) of blame or suspicion.27
9883364937Contemptuousshowing contempt; scornful28
9883364938Despoticof, relating to, or characteristics of a despot (ruler with total power; usually unfair)29
9883364939Dictatorialof or typical of a ruler with total control30
9883364940Disdainthe feeling that someone or something is unworthy of one's consideration or respect; contempt.31
9883364941Haughtyarrogantly superior and disdainful.32
9883364942Imperiousassuming power or authority without justification; arrogant and domineering.33
9883364943Patronizingtreat with an apparent kindness that betrays a feeling of superiority.34
9883364944Listlesslacking energy or enthusiasm.35
9883364945Melancholya feeling of pensive sadness, typically with no obvious cause.36
9883364946Torpora state of physical or mental inactivity37
9883364947alliancea relationship based on an affinity in interests, nature, or qualities.38
9883364948disparitya great difference, imbalance.39
9883364949impingehave an affect or impact, especially a negative one. Influence.40
9883364950Paradoxa state or proposition that, despite reasoning, leads to a conclusion that seems senseless, logically unacceptable, self-contradictory.41
9883364951allusionan expression to call something to mind without mentioning it exactly; an indirect or passing reference.42
9883364952parallelismthe act of being parallel or corresponding in some way.43
9883364953indolentwanting to avoid activity or exertion; lazy.44
9883364954insipid.lacking flavor, vigor or interest.45
9883364955lamenta passionate expression or grief or sorrow.46
9883364956Sanctiona threatening penalty for disobeying a law or rule47
9883364957servilehaving or showing an excessive willingness to serve or please others.48
9883364958suppressedforcibly to an end to.49
9883364959Embellishmake (something) more attractive by the addition of decorative details or features.50
9883364960floridhaving a red or flushed complexion51
9883364961opulentostentatiously rich and luxurious or lavish52
9883364962ornatemade in an intricate shape or decorated with complex patterns.53
9883364963ostentatiouscharacterized by vulgar or pretentious display; designed to impress or attract notice.54
9883364964poignantevoking a keen sense or sadness or regret.55
9883364965Ebulliencethe quality of being cheerful and full of energy; exuberance.56
9883364966effusiveexpressing feelings of gratitude, pleasure, or approval in an unrestrained or heartfelt manner.57
9883364967egregiousoutstandingly bad; shocking.58
9883364968freneticfast and energetic in a rather wild and uncontrolled way.59
9883364969gratuitousuncalled for; lacking good reason; unwarranted60
9883364970flagrant(of something considered wrong or immoral) conspicuously or obviously offensive61
9883364971superfluousunnecessary, especially through being more than enough.62
9883364972convolutedextremely complex and difficult to follow (especially or a story, sentence, or argument).63
9883364973cryptichaving a meaning that is mysterious or obscure64
9883364974Obscureuncertain; not discovered or know about.65
9883364975futileincapable of producing any useful result; pointless.66
9883364976impededelay or prevent by obstructing them; hinder.67
9883364977quandarya state of perplexity or uncertainty over what what to do in a difficult situation.68
9883364978alleviatemake (suffering or a problem) less severe.69
9883364979asylumthe protection granted by a nation to someone who has left their native country as a political refugee. ( or it can be a mental hospital).70
9883364980auspiciousconductive to success; favorable.71
9883364981benevolentwell meaning and kindly72
9883364982benigngentle, kindly.73
9883364983Mollifyappease the anger or anxiety of (someone)74
9883364984reclamationreclaiming; reformation, recovery. (or it can be land obtained from water)75
9883364985DubiousNot to be relied upon; suspect (hesitating or doubting)76
9883364986Fabricatedinvent or concoct (something), typically with deceitful intent77
9883364987Hypocrisythe practice of claiming to have moral standards or beliefs to which one's own behavior does not conform; pretense78
9883364988Slandermake false and damaging statements about (someone).79
9883364989spuriousnot being what it purports to be; false or fake80
9883364990Astutehaving or showing an ability to accurately assess situations or people and turn this to one's advantage81
9883364991clandestineoperation is an intelligence or millitary operation carried out in such a way that the operation goes unnoticed by the general population82
9883364992disingenuousnot candid or sincere, typically by pretending that one knows less about something than one really does.83
9883364993rusean action intended to deceive someone; a trick84
9883364994stratagema plan or scheme, especially one used to outwit an opponent or achieve an end85
9883364995surreptitiouskept secret, especially because it would not be approved of.86
9883364996waryfeeling or showing caution about possible dangers or problems87
9883364997wilyskilled at gaining an advantage, especially deceitfully.88
9883364998inconsequentialnot important or significant89
9883364999superficialexisting or occurring at or on the surface. (appearing to be true or real only until examined more closely).90
9883365000tenuousvery weak or slight >( small in degree).91
9883365001trivialof little value or importance92
9883365002coupa sudden, violent, and illegal seizure of power from a government.93
9883365003Ambiguous(of language) open to more than one interpretation; having a double meaning.94
9883365004ambivalenthaving mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone.95
9883365005apatheticshowing or feeling no interest, enthusiasm, or concern.96
9883365006Arbitrarybased on random choice or personal whim, rather than any reason or system.97
9883365007capriciousgiven to sudden and unaccountable changes of mood or behavior98
9883365008equivocateuse ambiguous language so as to conceal the truth or avoid committing oneself.99
9883365009indifferenthaving no particular interest or sympathy; unconcerned.100
9883365010whimsicalplayfully quaint or fanciful, especially in an appealing and amusing way101
9883365011assiduousshowing great care and perseverance102
9883365012compellingevoking interest, attention, or admiration in a powerfully irresistible way103
9883365013diligenthaving or showing care and conscientiousness in one's work or duties104
9883365014doggedhaving or showing tenacity and grim persistence.105
9883365015enduresuffer (something painful or difficult) patiently106
9883365016intrepidfearless; adventurous (often used for rhetorical or humorous effect)107
9883365017maverickan unorthodox or independent-minded person108
9883365018obduratestubbornly refusing to change one's opinion or course of action109
9883365019obstinatestubbornly refusing to change one's opinion or chosen course of action, despite attempts to persuade one to do so110
9883365020proliferateincrease rapidly in numbers; multiply111
9883365021tenacitythe quality or fact of being able to grip something firmly; grip.112
9883365022vitalitythe state of being strong and active; energy113
9883365023assimilationthe process by which a person or a group's language and/or culture come to resemble those of another group114
9883365024consensusgeneral agreement.115
9883365025contextthe set of facts or circumstances that surround a situation.116
9883365026derivedobtain something from (a specified source)117
9883365027incumbentnecessary for (someone) as a duty or responsibility.118
9883365028inevitablecertain to happen; unavoidable119
9883365029malleableeasily influenced; pliable120
9883365030subdueovercome, quieten, or bring under control (a feeling or person)121
9883365031Inoculatemedical : to give (a person or animal) a weakened form of a disease in order to prevent infection by the disease122
9883365032Lurid: causing shock or disgust : involving sex or violence in a way that is meant to be shocking : shining or glowing with a bright and unpleasant color123
9883365033Putrefyingto be slowly destroyed by natural processes : to rot and become putrid124
9883365034Somnolent1 : of a kind likely to induce sleep 2 a : inclined to or heavy with sleep : drowsy125
9883365035Dourserious and unfriendly : silent and gloomy126
9883365036Errantserious and unfriendly : silent and gloomy127
9883365037Bewildered1 : to cause to lose one's bearings 2 : to perplex or confuse especially by a complexity, variety, or multitude of objects or considerations128
9883365038Astroturfed—used for an artificial surface that resembles grass129
9883365039GeriatricAn old person y130
9883365040Tromped1 : tramp 1 2 : to step hard : stamp 131
9883365041Connoisseur: a person who knows a lot about something (such as art, wine, food, etc.) : an expert in a particular subject132
9883365042Attestingto show, prove, or state that something is true or real133
9883365043Soporific: causing a person to become tired and ready to fall asleep134
9883365044indignant(adj.) filled with resentment or anger over something unjust, unworthy, or mean135
9883365045skirmisha minor fight or battle136
9883365046rasprough, grating tone137
9883365047swathingenveloping138
9883365048deposetopple from power139
9883365049deprecateto disapprove regretfully, to belittle, to express mild disapproval140
9883365050abaseto lower in rank, prestige, or esteem141
9883365051magnanimityhaving a lofty, generous, and courageous spirit142
9883365052tersebrief and to the point143
9883365053collateralA security pledged for the repayment of a loan.144
9883365054beguileto deceive, to mislead, to persuade with charm145
9883365055theologianone who studies religion146
9883365056discursiverambling, moving from one topic to another randomly147
9883365057grandeurimpressiveness; stateliness; majesty148
9883365058indicativedemonstrates149
9883365059apocryphalof questionable authority or authenticity150
9883365060extraneousnot essential; superfluous151
9883365061adept(adj.) thoroughly skilled; (n.) an expert152
9883365062sanguineoptimistic153
9883365063homileticdidactic, moralistic154
9883365064didacticintended to instruct155
9883365065lariatrope used to catch cattle and horses156
9883365066prolific(adj.) abundantly productive; abundant, profuse157
9883365067penuryextreme poverty158
9883365068venerablerespectable due to age159
9883365069punctilious(adj.) very careful and exact, attentive to fine points of etiquette or propriety160
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AP language Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
8827290757AnecdoteA brief narrative that focuses on a particular incident or event often using a humorous effect.0
8827290758ArgumentationWriting that attempts to prove the validity of a point of view or an idea by presenting reasoned arguments; persuasive writing is a form of argumentation and is the focus of AP language1
8827290759AllegoryA literary work in which characters, objects, or actions represent abstract qualities and in which the writer intends a second meaning to be read beneath the surface of the story; the underlying meaning can be moral, religious, political, social, or satire2
8827290760AnnotationExplanatory notes added to a text to explain, cite sources, or give bibliographical data.3
8827290761AntithesisThe presentation of two contrasting images. The ideas are balanced by word, phrase, clause, or paragraph. Ex: "To be or not to be..."4
8827290762RhetoricThe art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques.5
8827290763ColloquialismThe use of slang or informalities in everyday speech or informal writing, but that it often inappropriate for formal writing ex: y'all ain't6
8827290764ConnotationThe implied or associative meaning of a word based on what meaning the reader associates the word with.7
8827290765ConsonanceRepetition of a consonant sound within two or more words in close proximity. Ex: boot/beat/best8
8827290766CaricatureDescriptive writing that greatly exaggerates a specific feature of a person's appearance or facet of personality.9
8827290767CoherenceThe quality of a piece of writing in which all parts are being logical, orderly, and clearly connected to the development of the central idea.10
8827290768AphorismA brief, cleverly worded statement that makes a statement of a principle or truth about life. Benjamin Franklin is somewhat famous for these in "Poor Richard's Almanac" ex: The early bird gets the worm.11
8827290769ApostropheA figure of speech wherein the speaker speaks directly to something imaginary, dead, or absent person, or place; the opposite of euphony12
8827290770EnumerationA rhetorical device used for listing the details or a process of mentioning words or phrases step by step. In fact, it's a type of amplification or division in which a subject is further distributed into components or parts. Writers use this to clarify and detail understanding.13
8827290771AnalogyA comparison of two different things or ideas that are quite different from each other. It aims to explain one idea or thing by comparing it to something similar.14
8827290772ParallelismThe repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns in sentences or clauses. Examples are found in literary works as well as in ordinary conversations.15
8827290773AllusionA brief indirect reference to another work of literature, person, thing, or idea of historical, cultural, literary, or political significance. It doesn't describe in detail the person or thing to which it refers. It's just a passing comment and the writer expects the reader to possess enough knowledge to recognize the allusion and grasp its importance.16
8827290774MetonymyA figure of speech involving substituting the name of one object for another object closely associated with it. This is NOT a metaphor as it creates no comparison.17
8827290775AnaphoraRepetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines in order to achieve an artistic effect. Anaphora has its roots in Biblical Psalms used to emphasize certain words or phrases. Gradually, Romantic and Elizabethan writers brought this device into practice.18
8827290776EpistropheIt's derived from a Greek word that means turning upon which indicates repetition of the same word or group of words at the ends of successive clauses. It's also called epiphora. Examples are frequently found in literary pieces and persuasive writing.19
8827290777AsyndetonIt's derived from a Greek word meaning unconnected. It's a stylistic device involving a construction in which elements are presented in a series without conjunctions while maintaining grammatical accuracy.20
8827290778PolysyndetonDerived from a Greek word meaning bound together. It is the deliberate use of a series of conjunctions in such a way that they are used where they might not have been omitted.21
8827290779SynecdocheA figure of speech in which a part is substituted for the whole or a whole may be used to represent a part. Distinguishing between this and metonymy takes thoughtful consideration.22
8827290780ToneAttitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character. It's something important for the reader to sense to determine an argument in writing.23
8827290781SyntaxThe arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language. It refers to how we arrange our words. The choice of specific words is called diction.24
8827290782Provocative DictionThe purposeful choice of words serving or tending to provoke, excite, or stimulate a provocative question that will frame a rhetorical argument.25
8827290783Process AnalysisExplains how something works, how to do something, or how something was done. It goes through step by step to further break down each phase of thinking or operation.26
8827290784ClassificationThe action or process of classifying something according to shared qualities or characteristics. Often used as a strategy for argumentation.27
8827481313CacophonyAlso referred to as dissonance... harsh, jarring sounds used deliberately in poetry or prose. Opposite of euphony.28
8827481314UnderstatementA statement that says less than what is meant. For example, if you win $10 million in a lottery and say "I am delighted" when asked about it, you are making an understatement.29
8827481315Colorful DictionYour conscious choice of words as a writer. It stands to reason that colorful diction is a very purposeful word choice that will serve to accentuate meaning and tone.30
8827481316CounterargumentAn argument or set of reasons put forward to oppose an idea or theory developed in another argument. When writing in the argumentative mode, it's mandatory that the writer acknowledge the other side to their argument.31
8827481317ClaimWhen someone provides an argument to support their position, the process is called making a claim. Different reasons are usually presented to prove why a certain point should be accepted as logical.32
8827481318evidenceA type of literary device that appears in different categories of essays. It consists of supporting materials used to prove or disprove something.33
8828170677WarrantExpresses the assumption necessarily shared by the speaker and the audience. It helps to link the evidence to the claim.34
8828170678fallacyAn erroneous argument dependent on an unsound or illogical contention.35
8828170679Logical FallaciesAn error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid but it can neatly be explained in a standard logic system.36
8828170680ProphecyHas all the elements of a prediction except the element of time. Without the element of time, a prophecy can be hard to determine.37
8828170681PredictionA forecast made by those who calculate the parameters of the subject involved after evaluating the odds they can predict the future. Is also limited to a time element unlike a prophecy.38
8828170682AdageShort statement expressing a general consideration of what is the truth by a majority of people. Famous adages become popular due to their usage over time.39
8828170683PedanticComes from a French word meaning to teach or act as a pedogogue. A pedantic is someone who is concerned with precision, formalism, accuracy, and minute details in order to make an arrogant show of learning.40
8828170684FlippantLacking in seriousness; disrespectful, saucy41
8828170685AnadiplosisRepetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the next clause which marked the end of the first clause.42
8828170686AnachronismSomething or someone out of place in terms of historical or chronological context in a literary piece.43
8828170687AnagramA word or phrase formed from another word or phrase by changing the order of the letters44
8828170688HyperboleFigure of speech involving extreme exaggeration45
8828170689Syntactical InversionAlso called anastrophe, the syntactic reversal of the normal order of words and phrases in a sentence. As in English, placing the adjective after the noun it modifies.46
8828170690AppositionA grammatical construction in which two elements, normally noun phrases, are placed side by side, with one element serving to identify the other in a different way.47
8828170691DidacticFrequently used for literary texts which are overloaded with informative or realistic matter and are marked by the omission of graceful and pleasing details.48
8828170692ConceitA figure of speech in which two completely unlike things are compared with the help of similes and metaphors.49
8828170693Periodic SentenceA sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. This is used for emphasis and can also provide suspense or interests for the reader.50
8828170694ParadoxAn apparently contradictory statement that actually contains some truth. Also used to illustrate an opinion or statement contrary to accepted traditional ideas.51
8828170695IronyThe use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning.52
8828170696ParenthesisAn insertion of material that interrupts the typical flow of a sentence. It's a qualifying or explanatory sentence.53
8828170697SardonicGrimly or scornfully mocking, bitterly sarcastic54
8828170698SatireA literary style used to make fun of or ridicule an idea or human vice or weakness.55
8828170699PolemicalRelating to controversy or argument56
8828170700AmbiguityAn event or situation that may be interpreted in more than one way. Skilled writers use it with purpose and intent. Most students however use it without thought.57
8828170701ArchetypeA very typical example of a certain person or thing. Also includes commonly used settings or themes in literary works.58
8828170702Function of ArchetypeGives a literary work universal acceptance as readers identify the characters and situations in their social and cultural context.59
8828170703Tragic FlawA weakness or limitation of character, resulting in the fall of the tragic hero in a literary piece.60
8828170704AssertionWhen someone makes a statement investing his strong belief in it as if it's true though it may not be.61
8828170705AutobiographyType of biography that tells a life story of the author. Rather than being written by someone else, an autobiography comes through the person's own words.62
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AP Language Vocabulary Set 6 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
5013545668antiquatedout of fashion, old0
5013545669arablefit for plowing1
5013545670ascendancydomination, growing power2
5013545671atrophywaste away3
5013545672clandestinesecret4
5013545673conciliaterenew a friendship5
5013545674cursorycasual6
5013545675derisionmockery7
5013545676enmityabsolute hatred8
5013545677extricateto free9
5013545678forbearancepatience10
5013545679frivolouslacking in seriousness11
5013545680garruloustalkative12
5013545681impetuousviolent13
5013545682industriousskillfully busy or occupied14
5013545683infamoushaving a reputation of the worst kind, notoriously bad15
5013545684insolenceinsulting behavior16
5013545685levityflippancy, not interested17
5013545686oblivionstate of being forgotten18
5013545687paradoxicalsomething that appears false but is actually correct19
5013545688perjuryfalse testimony under oath20
5013545689rancoranger21
5013545690sycophantself-serving flatterer22
5013545691vacillatingchanging23
5013545692vividdistinct, clear24
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AP Language Troublesome Words Reed Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
9542449485perspicaciousshrewd; perceptive0
9542454913assonancehe repetition of the sound of a vowel1
9542460093flagrantobviously offensive.2
9542467779acmethe point at which someone or something is best, perfect, or most successful.3
9542476038anaphorathe use of a word referring to or replacing a word used earlier in a sentence, to avoid repetition,4
9542488159metonymyfor example suit for business executive, or the track for horse racing.5
9542491818implicitimplied though not plainly expressed.6
9542496780eponymrefers to a person or thing after which something else is named. For example: Napoleon is the eponym of the Napoleonic Code.7
9542521229asynedtonthe omission or absence of a conjunction between parts of a sentence.8
9542539614parallelismthe use of successive verbal constructions in poetry or prose that correspond in grammatical structure, sound, meter, meaning, etc.9
9542552955jargonex: 10-4 - Radio jargon meaning Okay or I understand10
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