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AP World History 2017 Flashcards

6738988745	Classical Civilizations	-Han China -Gupta India -Greece -Rome	0
6738996305	Classical civilzation definition	literature, Art, and architecture were often longer lived than the state themselves	1
6739005607	Examples of spirit based beliefs	-Animism -Shamanism	2
6739011435	Shinto	-A religion native to Japan -Form of animism	3
6739014148	Ancestor veneration	Deep respect for ancestors	4
6739023131	Syncretism	The blending of old and new religious beliefs	5
6739028658	Judaism	-Torah -Eye for Eye type mindset -Strict dietary restrictions -Influenced Israel	6
6739058962	Jewish disapora	Some Hebrews returned to Jerusalem but many choose to remain in their new homes	7
6739072649	Vedism	-Shaped Hinduism -1500 BCE	8
6739086842	Upanishads	(India c. 700 BCE) A series of essays and poems raised the possibility that people could liberate themselves from the cycle of life	9
6739099065	Buddhism	-500 BCE -Eightfold path -Four Noble Truths -Siddhartha Gautama (First Buddha) -Reincarnation -Kharma -Nirvana	10
6739178700	Four Noble Truths	-Buddhism -Human existence is inseparable from suffering -The cause of suffering is desire -Suffering is extinguished by extinguishing desire -Desire may be extinguished by following the Eightfold path	11
6739193060	Eightfold Path	-Buddhism -Know the truth -Resist evil -Do nothing to hurt others -Respect all forms of life -Work for the well-being of others -Free your mind of evil -Control your thoughts -Practice Meditation	12
6739099067	Hinduism	-Tens of thousands of gods -Law of Manu (Sacred text) -Brahma is the world soul -Vishnu is the savior figure -Shiva is the destroyer	13
6739112620	Karma	Things you do in this life effect you after death	14
6739116221	Dharma	Duties and responsibilities will get you into the next life	15
6739122811	Caste system	(India c. 1500 BCE) Rigged class order -Priests -Warriors and Rulers -Farmers and Artisans -Servants and serfs	16
6739129864	"Untouchables" in India	The lowest level of the Indian caste system	17
6739149685	Sati	A widowed wife would through herself into a fire to show loyalty	18
6739244341	Theravada	-Older school of Buddhism -Emphasizes simplicity and meditation and remains closer to the Buddha's actual teachings	19
6739253478	Mahayana	-Newer school of Buddhism -More ritual and symbology than Buddha spoke of -Nirvana seen as heavenly after life	20
6739305905	Bodhisattvas	(Buddhism-Mahayana) saintlike souls who had achieved nirvana but chose to remain in the earthly realm to help living humans	21
6739316782	Confucianism	-Confucius -Analects (Holy script) -Social harmony -Filal Piety	22
6739328619	Mandate of Heaven	-Gave ruler's right to rule -Zhou China	23
6739354323	Legalism	-Hard punishments -Innately immoral	24
6739362711	Neo-Confuciansim	-600 CE -New form of Confucianism more adapted for time period	25
6739375878	Daoism	-500 BCE -China -Loazi is the founder -Tao-te Ching (Sacred text) -Universe is governed by dao -Seek harmony in universe -Fenh shui and yin and yang	26
6739400821	Christianity	-Charity and Compassion -Jesus -Paul and Peter established religion -favorable to those who felt powerless -Bible	27
6739418088	Constantine	Emperor who legalized Christianity	28
6739430492	Great Schism	Split of Christianity to Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy	29
6739452212	First to move towards scientific thinking	Greeks around 600-200 BCE	30
6739460051	Greek Thinkers	-Socrates (470-399 BCE) -Plato (428-347 BCE) -Aristotle (384-322 BCE) -Questioned behavior and nature of reality	31
6739488324	Greco-Roman architecture	-Domes -Columns -Facades	32
6739528685	The Persian Empire	-Southwest Asia -Divided into 20 empires -Satraps (local officials)	33
6739530811	Achaemenid	-First Persian dynasty -550-331 BCE -Conquered Lydians, Neo-Babylonians, Egyptians -Relatively tolerant to all faiths	34
6739542037	Darius the Great	-Third Achaemenid ruler -Stretched Persian empire from North Africa to India (2 million square miles)	35
6739573185	Zoroastrianism	a monotheistic pre-Islamic religion of ancient Persia founded by Zoroaster in the 6th century BC.	36
6739581661	End of Achaemenid Persia	-Fell 331 BCE to Hellenistic conqueror Alexander the Great	37
6739586973	Parthians	-247 BCE -224 CE -Liberated Persia from Alexander the Great -Combined elements of Greek and Persian culture -Where smallpox first arose	38
6739603891	Sassanid Empire	-224-651 CE -Arose after Parthians -Zoroastrianism -Swept away by rapid military expansion of Islam	39
6739620700	Qin and Han Empires	-East Asia -Qin (221-206 BCE) -Han (206 BCE- 220 CE)	40
6739660429	Qin Dynasty	-Ya boy Shi Huangdi -Ended the "Warring States" -Favored Legalism -Centralized dictatorship -Great Wall of China -Destroyed shortly after Shi Huangdi died	41
6739675418	Han Dynasty	-Came to power through uprisings against Qin -Wu-Ti ( Warrior emperor) -Centralized, effective empire -Confucianism -Strong economy -Monopoly on silk trade -Ended from an economic and agriculture slump as well as bandits, rebels, and invadors such as Xiongnu , and smallpox	42
6739712578	Mauryan and Gupta Empires	-South Asia	43
6739724007	Indo-Europeans (Aryans)	-Light-skinned warriors -Invaded northern India	44
6739727633	Dravidians	Indian dark-skinned natives conquered by Aryans	45
6739732822	Mauryan Empire	-324-184 BCE -Founded by Chandragupta Maurya -Elaborate bureaucracy -Ashoka is a well-known emperor -Collapsed due to attacks from outside enemies	46
6739756945	Ashoka	-Mauryan emperor -Pillars of Ashoka -Buddhist -Sickened by war -Created harmony	47
6739766503	Gupta Empire	-320-550 BCE -Controlled most of north-central India -Chandra Gupta is the first ruler -Smaller and less centralized -Strengthened caste system -Fell to White Huns	48
6739788298	Phoenicians	-Mediterranean -Originators of alphabet -started in 800 BCE -Carthage (North African port) - Punic Wars between Rome	49
6739807464	Greeks/Hellenes	-1150-800 BCE -Worship of Olympian gods -Sparta and Athens -First democracy	50
6739823586	Hellenic culture	-Philosophical/Scientific thinking	51
6739828668	Persian Wars	429-479 CE	52
6739835734	Peloponnesian War	-431-404 BCE -Sparta vs. Athens -Lead to Greece being dominated by Macedonians	53
6739842778	Alexander the Great	-356-323 BCE -Launched one of the most successful military campaigns of all time	54
6739853627	Rome	-Founded in 800 BCE -Italy -Dominated Mediterranean -Remained monarchy until 500 BCE	55
6739859866	Roman Republic	-500-30 BCE -No monarch -Tension between patricians and plebeians	56
6739871409	Punic Wars	-264-146 BCE -Roman Republic vs. Carthage of Phonecian	57
6739879991	Collapse of Roman Republic	-What was left of middle class fell into poverty -Violent mobs -Series of wars and slave revolts -Julius Cesar lead to end of republic in 30 BCE	58
6739894068	Roman Empire	-30 BCE- 479 CE -Caser Augustus -Pax Romana -Economic and military strength -Huge bureacracy -Aqueducts -Years of disease and unfit rulers led to split of Empire	59
6739913838	Byzantine Empire	-Eastern part of Roman Empire	60
6739926543	Roman Law	-Code of Justinian -Twelve Tables	61
6739934674	Teotihuacan	-100 BCE- 750 CE -Practiced human sacrifice -Intensive farming -Decline due to violent and crippling revolts	62
6739957559	Mayans	-200-950 CE -40 city-states -Hieroglyphic script -Hag concept of zero and calendar -Decline is a mystery	63
6739970904	Moche	-Andes Mountains -200-700 CE -Quipu (knot tying) -mit'a system ( combined serfdom and corvee labor) -Ended due to environmental factors	64
6739990632	Bureaucracies	-Tax collection -Law enforcement -Mobilization of food and resources -Military defense -Regulation of trade -Infrastructure -Regional and local levels of government	65
6740102209	Silk road	-100 BCE- 800 CE -1200-1500 CE -Stretched from Middle East to China	66
6749706921	"Out of Africa" thesis	Modern humans arose in East Africa around 200,000 years ago and then migrated out	67
6751032770	Stone Age	The time when most tools and weapons were made of stone	68
6751089240	Cultural Diffusion	The spread of new technologies and religious beliefs	69
6751128874	First Cities	-8000-7000 BCE -Jericho on Jordan River -Catal Huyuk in Turkey	70
6751145899	Metallurgy	-Extracting metal from raw ore -Began in Middle East and China between 4000-300 BCE	71
6751151986	Bronze Age	-3500-1200 BCE -Use of Bronze	72
6751177676	Basic features of early civilizations	-An economic system -A government -A social system -A moral or ethical belief system -An intellectual tradition -A reasonably high level of technological aptitude	73
6751195965	Mesopotamia	-Began in 2500-2350 BCE -Sumerian-Babylonian culture -Tigris and Euphrates rivers -Akkadians and Assyrians came as well	74
6751212989	Sargon	-Akkadian conqueror -First empire -"King of Sumer and Akkad"	75
6751225036	Code of Hammurabi and Code of Ur-Nammu	-Oldest codified laws -Favored elite over lower class -Thought society should be governed by a consistent set of regulations	76
6751233691	Ziggurats	Mesopotamian terrace-stepped temples	77
6751246269	Egypt	-3100 BCE -Nile River	78
6751251126	Old Kingdom	-2700-2200 BCE -Social and political features took hold -Civil War tore apart Egypt	79
6751258945	Middle Kingdom	-2050 BCE -Egypt -Lasted until taken over by Hyksos	80
6751265331	New Kingdom	-1550 BCE -Egypt -Conquered great deal of Africa and MiddleEast	81
6751287017	Indus River civilization	-2600 BCE -Written Language -Mohenjo-Daro -Harappa -Unified and highly centralized	82
6751308324	Shang Dynasty	-Yellow River (Huang He) -Yangzi River -1600 BCE -China -Developed army -Bronze -"The Middle Kingdom" (i.e. center of the world)	83
6751327467	Zhou Dynasty	-1000-221 BCE -China -Used Feudalism -Made iron weapons and tools -Effective bureaucracy	84
6751356298	Olmecs	-Americas -2000s BCE -No large river -Made huge head statues	85
6751375777	Oligarchy	Rule by the few (multiple aristocratic elites ruled)	86
6751420111	Theocracy	A government dominated by a religious elite	87
6751453131	Serfdom	Peasants labored on the land their owners lived on	88
6762888433	Early Middle Age	-500-1000 CE -Period of overall backwardness, political decentralization, perpetual military threat	89
6762894403	High Middle Ages	-1000-1300 CE -Cultural and Economic revival	90
6762912885	Feudalism	Monarchs awarded land to loyal followers	91
6762931410	Serfs	Peasants who were not technically slaves but were tied to a feudal lords land and had no right to change profession or residence without permission	92
6762947426	Charlemagne	-768-814 CE -Frankish King -Defeated Vikings, Muslims, and barbarians -Created network of administrators -Formed Holy Roman Empire	93
6762968410	Norman Conquest	Brought French-styled feudalism to England	94
6762981010	Hundred Years War	-1337-1453 CE -Fighting of England vs. France -Over French territory -French ultimately won	95
6763034874	Moors	-700s CE -Muslim invaders of Spain and Portugal	96
6763043083	Reconquista	-Spain and Portugal vs. Moors -1000-1492 -Intense religious hostility	97
6763063561	The theme system	The way Byzantium granted land to soldiers serving in frontier zones	98
6763071664	Manzikert	-1071 -Seljuk Turks beat Byzantium -Beginning of the empires steady decline	99
6763100010	Holy Inquisition	A set of special courts to seek out and punish non-conformity	100
6763114464	Calpih	Muslim leader	101
6763145221	Ottoman Turks	-1300s -Gained hegemony over Middle East -Brought about fall of Constantinople	102
6763166688	Ghana	-800-1200 -Had gold deposits -Sub-Saharan Africa	103
6763173380	Mali	-Sub-Saharan Africa -1200-1600 -Gold deposits -Founded by Sundiata	104
6763217586	Tang Dynasty	-China -618-906 CE -Expanded China -Expanded Grand Canal	105
6763229209	An Shi rebellion	-700-800s -Peasant rebellion in China -Brought an end to Tang Dynast	106
6763232736	Song Empire	-906-1279 CE -China -gunpowder, compass, and paper money -Neo-Confucianism -Defeated by Jurchens	107
6763268763	Ming Dynasty	-1368-1644 -Emperor Hongwu, rebel -Re-centralized the political and administrative system -strong military	108
6763431469	Delhi Sultunate	-1206-1526 -Northern India in hands of Muslim generals -Eventually expanded almost all of India but cities eventually broke off in South	109
6763449109	Khmer Empires	-500-1400 -Cambodia	110
6763453263	Srivijayan Empire	-500-1100 -Indonesian Islands and Malay Peninsula	111
6763759130	Great Schism (Christianity)	-1054 -Divided into Roman Catholicism and Easter Orthodoxy	112
6763849690	Sunni Muslim	Supported Umayyad Caliphs	113
6763852496	Shiite Muslims	Supported Ali	114

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Chapter 14 AP World History Flashcards

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8733412044	Portuguese men traveled to the Indian Ocean, married Asian women and ...	produced new Luso-Asian Port culture	0
8733427735	Indian Ocean trade was generally ...	unarmed	1
8733433159	The Spanish were very successful in leading/spreading ...	Catholic faith	2
8733445666	British worked with Mughals and established trading posts in ...	Bombay, Cal Cutta, and Madras	3
8733455773	British ... with Mughals	negotiated treaties	4
8733478705	Asian trade remained largely...	an Asian affair	5
8733522272	Europeans only controlled ...	a few pieces of territory in Asia	6
8733468637	Japanese Tokugawa Shogun...	expelled foreigners, executed Japanese Christians, forbid Japanese from traveling abroad	7
8733507967	Only Dutch (Calvinists)...	could trade once a year	8
8733536958	Silver from the Andes...	came to dominate world trade	9
8733541710	Silver trade cause Potosi to...	pursue more military and political ambitions.	10
8733552711	Europeans acted like "middlemen"...	funneling silver from America to Asia.	11
8733564424	Affect of Indian Ocean trade was that of...	only creating a single network within an already existing series of Asian networks.	12
8733580842	Asia (and more specifically China) was thus the...	center of the world's system	13
8733588003	China requires payment of...	taxes and silver, value of silver rises	14
8733602536	"Fur" in Global Commerce	"soft gold"	15
8733611645	As European population grew...	demands increased, after "Little Ice Age", even more demand for fur	16
8733632314	Native American societies ...	did most of the labor, but weren't forced, made national market choices to get European goods	17
8733653565	Pre-Modern Islamic world	some slaves could earn higher status	18
8733689327	Slavery in Americas	peaks in 1700s	19
8733697449	Sugar is ...	origin of slave trade originated in Mediterranean	20
8733717886	African slave merchants were...	active consumers of European and Indian goods	21
8733738884	Due to labor demands, few women in Africa...	had access to political power	22
8733746635	Indonesia	the greatest number of colonial and commercial competitors	23

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AP World History Final! Flashcards

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10113157905	What centuries did the Black Plague occur?	15th century	0
10113167365	The Middle Ages were from the ----------- centuries.	5th to the 15 centuries.	1
10113173308	How many people died from the Black Plague?	25 million people	2
10113179873	Population grew from 25 million to -------- million from 500 ad to 1300 ad.	78.5 million	3
10113193989	List four of the leading exploration nations in the 15th and 16th centuries.	Britain, Netherlands, Italy, and Spain	4
10113197652	List 4 great explorers of the exploration period.	Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, Francisco Pizarro, and Juan Ponce de León	5
10113202000	Why are the Middle Ages called the Dark Ages?	There was lack of education, nothing happened, and death.	6
10113207536	What countries were part of the allies during World War II?	US, Russia, Great Britain	7
10113210881	What nations were part of the Axis during World War II?	Germany, Japan, and Italy	8
10113213931	What nation bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941?	Japan	9
10113218249	What ship was sunk by the German U-boats during World War I.	Lusitania	10
10113228561	What prince and princess were shot by an Italian Gavrilo Princip in 1914?	Ferdinand and Sophie	11
10113234079	What country was the first to declare war in World War I?	Austria- Hungary	12
10113237814	What led the U.S. to enter World War I?	Sinking of lusitania and Zimmerman note/ telegraph	13
10113240953	What explorer landed off the coast of Florida, and discovered the fountain of youth?	Ponce de Leon	14
10113246875	What explorer sailed discovered the Cape of Good Hope?	Bartolomeu Dias	15
10113249268	America is named after this explorer.	Amerigo Vespucci	16

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AP World History Unit 2 600 BCE - 600 CE Flashcards

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5026431982	Caste System	a class structure that is determined by birth. Loosely, it means that in some societies, if your parents are poor, you're going to be poor, too. Same goes for being rich	0
5026431983	Patriarchy	A male dominated society	1
5026431984	Matriarchal	A female dominated society	2
5026431985	Mandate of Heaven	an ancient Chinese belief and philosophical idea that tiān (heaven) granted emperors the right to rule based on their ability to govern well and fairly.	3
5026431986	Silk Road	an ancient network of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent connecting the West and East by merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads, and urban dwellers from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea	4
5026431987	Social Heirarchy	how individuals and groups are arranged in a relatively linear ladder	5
5026431988	Reincarnation	the rebirth of a soul in a new body.	6
5026431989	Assimilation	The process by which a person or persons acquire the social and psychological characteristics of a group	7
5026431990	Monotheistic	The belief in only one god	8
5026431991	Eightfold Path	the path to nirvana, comprising eight aspects in which an aspirant must become practiced: right views, intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration.	9
5026431992	Zoroanstrianism	one of the world's oldest monotheistic religions. It was founded by the Prophet Zoroaster in ancient Iran approximately 3500 years ago.	10
5026431993	Greek Philosophy	the rational investigation of questions about existence and knowledge and ethics	11
5026431994	Polytheistic	The belief in many gods	12
5026431995	Legalism	strict adherence, or the principle of strict adherence, to law or prescription, especially to the letter rather than the spirit.	13
5026431996	Confucianism	a system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius and developed by Mencius.	14
5026431997	Buddhism	is a nontheistic religion or philosophy (Sanskrit: dharma; Pali: धम्म dhamma) that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on teachings attributed to Gautama Buddha, commonly known as the Buddha ("the awakened one").	15
5026431998	Islam	the religion of the Muslims, a monotheistic faith regarded as revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah.	16
5026431999	Judaism	an ancient monotheistic religion, with the Torah as its foundational text (part of the larger text known as the Tanakh or Hebrew Bible), and supplemental oral tradition represented by later texts such as the Midrash and the Talmud.	17
5026432000	Christianity	the religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, or its beliefs and practices.	18
5026432001	Daoism	a philosophical, ethical or religious tradition of Chinese origin, or faith of Chinese exemplification, that emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao.	19
5026432002	Han Dynasty	an empire in ancient China, that lasted from 206 b.c.e- 24 c.e.	20
5026432003	Persia	an empire located in modern day Iran but stretched as far as Egypt and Iraq.	21
5026432004	Gupta	an empire located in northern India that lasted from 320-550 c.e.	22
5026432005	Ancient Egypt	an empire that lasted for 3000 years	23
5026432006	Roman empire	located in modern day Italy but expanded to outlying countries throughout its reign, it lasted from 201 b.c.e- 476 c.e.	24
5026432007	Maya	located in modern day central america, it lasted from 1800 b.c.e- 250 c.e.	25
5026432008	State	A body of people living in a defined territory who have a government with the power to make and enforce law without the consent of any higher authority	26
5026432009	Empire	an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority.	27
5026432010	Hebrew Scriptures	Torah, Old Testament	28
5026432011	Assyrian Empire	this empire covered much of what is now Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, and Anatolia; its height was during the seventh and eighth centuries BCE.	29
5026432012	Babylonian Empire	Empire in Mesopotamia which was formed by Hammurabi, the sixth ruler of the invading Amorites.	30
5026432013	Roman Empire	Existed from 27 BCE to about 400 CE. Conquiered entire Mediterranean coast and most of Europe. Ruled by an emperor. Eventually oversaw the rise and spread of Christianity.	31
5026432014	Sanskrit Scriptures	An ancient Indic language of India, in which the Hindu scriptures and classical Indian epic poems are written and from which many northern Indian languages are derived.	32
5026432015	Vedic Religions	Core beliefs in sanskrit scriptures; Hinduism; influence of Indo-European traditions in the development of the social and political roles of a caste system; importance of multiple manifestations of Brahma to promote teachings about reincarnation.	33
5026432016	Hinduism	A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms	34
5026432017	Mauryan Empire	(321-185 BCE) This was the first centralized empire of India whose founder was Chandragupta Maurya.	35
5026432018	Ashoka	Leader of the Mauryan dynasty of India who conquered most of India but eventually gave up violence and converted to Buddhism.	36
5026432019	Siddhartha Gautama (The Buddha)	Means "Enlightened One." He is said to have renounced his worldly possessions and taught of a way to overcome suffering.	37
5026432020	Emperor Constantine	Founded Constantinople; best known for being the first Christian Roman Emperor; issued the Edit of Milan in 313, granting religious toleration throughout the empire.	38
5026432021	Buddha		39
5026432022	Shiva		40
5026432023	Brahma		41
5026432024	Vishnu		42
5026432025	Darius I		43
5026432026	Alexander the Great		44
5026432027	Parthenon		45
5026432028	Agora at Corinth		46
5026432029	Hoplite Armor		47
5026432030	Gupta Empire	(320-550 CE) The decentralized empire that emerged after the Mauryan Empire, and whose founder is Chandra Gupta.	48
5026432031	Roman Columns		49
5026432032	Greek Columns		50
5026432033	Pantheon		51
5026432034	Aqueduct		52
5026432035	Colosseum		53
5026432036	Circus Maximus		54
5026432037	Christianity Rho Chi Symbol (Emperor Constantine)	Religion?	55
5026432038	Indian Ocean Maritime System		56
5026432039	Silk Road		57
5026432040	Trans-Saharan Trade Route		58
5026432041	filial piety	In Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors.	59
5026432042	monasticism	A way of life in which men and women withdraw from the rest of the world in order to devote themselves to their faith	60
5026432043	shamanism	The practice of identifying special individuals (shamans) who will interact with spirits for the benefit of the community. Characteristic of the Korean kingdoms of the early medieval period and of early societies of Central Asia.	61
5026432044	animism	Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life.	62
5026432045	ancestor veneration	Veneration of the dead or ancestor reverence is based on the beliefs that the dead have a continued existence, and may possess the ability to influence the fortune of the living, the worship of deceased ancestors	63
5026432046	syncretic religion	Combines two religious traditions into something distinctly new, while containing traits of both	64
5026432047	Persian Empire	Greatest empire in the world up to 500 BCE. Spoke an Indo-European language. A multi-ethnic and multi-religious empire. Fell to Alexander the Great.	65
5026432048	Qin Dynasty	the Chinese dynasty (from 246 BC to 206 BC) that established the first centralized imperial government and built much of the Great Wall	66
5026432049	Han Dynasty	(202 BC - 220 AD) dynasty started by Lui Bang; a great and long-lasting rule, it discarded the harsh policies of the Qin dynasty and adopted Confucian principles; rulers chose officials who passed the civil service exams rather than birth; it was a time of prosperity	67
5026432050	Phoenicia	Semitic-speaking Canaanites living on the coast of modern Lebanon and Syria in the first millennium B.C.E. Famous for developing the first alphabet, which was adopted by the Greeks.	68
5026432051	Hellenistic	Of or influenced by the Greek Empire. A type of culture typically referred to after the conquests of Alexander the Great.	69
5026432052	Teotihuacan	A large central city in the Mesoamerican region. Located about 25 miles Northeast of present day Mexico City. Exhibited city planning and unprecedented size for its time. Reached its peak around the year 450.	70
5026432053	Moche	civilization of north coast of Peru (200-700 C.E.). An important Andean civilization that built extensive irrigation networks as well as impressive urban centers dominated by brick temples.	71
5026432054	Chaco	An urban center established by Anasazi located in southern New Mexico. There, they built a walled city with dozens of three-story adobe houses with timbered roofs. Community religious functions were carried out in two large circular chambers called kivas.	72
5026432055	Cahokia	an ancient settlement of southern Indians, located near present day St. Louis, it served as a trading center for 40,000 at its peak in A.D. 1200.	73
5026432056	Persepolis	A complex of palaces, reception halls, and treasury buildings erected by the Persian kings Darius I and Xerxes in the Persian homeland. It is believed that the New Year's festival was celebrated here, as well as the coronations, weddings, and funerals of the Persian kings, who were buried in cliff-tombs nearby.	74
5026432057	Chang'an	Capital of Tang dynasty; population of 2 million, larger than any other city in the world at that time.	75
5026432058	Pataliputra	The captial of both Muryan and Gupta empires	76
5026432059	Athens	A democratic Greek polis who accomplished many cultural achievements, and who were constantly at war with Sparta.	77
5026432060	Carthage	City located in present-day Tunisia, founded by Phoenicians ca. 800 B.C.E. It became a major commercial center and naval power in the western Mediterranean until defeated by the expanding Roman Republic in the third century B.C.E.	78
5026432061	Alexandria	City on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt founded by Alexander. It became the capital of the Hellenistic kingdom of Ptolemy. It contained the famous Library and the Museum and was a center for leading scientific and literary figures in the classical and postclassical eras.	79
5026432062	Constantinople	A large and wealthy city that was the imperial capital of the Byzantine empire and later the Ottoman empire, now known as Istanbul	80
5026432063	Silk Roads	trade routes stretching from China to the Mediterranean, which allowed for the exchange of goods and ideas from China to the Roman Empire	81
5026432064	Trans-Saharan Caravan Route	Islamic trade in West Africa was conducted by caravans of camels. According to Ibn Battuta, the explorer who accompanied one of the caravans, the average size was a thousand camels per caravan, with some being as large as 12,000.	82
5026432065	Indian Ocean Sea Lanes	lanes throughout the Indian Ocean connecting East Africa, southern Arabia, the Persian Gulf, India, Southeast Asia, and southern China	83
5026432066	Mediterranean Sea Lanes	Trade routes that connected the Mediterranean civilizations together. The need for a sea rout for trade in the region. Trade increased and diffusion of cultures occurred	84
5026432067	Qanat System	a traditional system of gravity-fed irrigation that uses gently sloping tunnels to capture groundwater and direct it to low-lying fields	85
5026432068	Shaduf	a mechanical device that consists of a long pole balanced on a crossbeam. It has a rope and bucket on one end and a weighted balance on the other. It is used for transferring water from the river to the fields.	86
5026432069	Jesus of Nazareth	a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity.	87
5026432070	Paul of Tarsus	A Pharisaic Jew who persecuted the Early Christian community; later, he had an experience of the Risen Christ and became the "Apostle to the Gentiles" writing numerous letters to the Christian communities.	88
5026432071	Greco-Roman Philosophy	Ideas that emphasized logic, empirical observation, and nature of political power and hierarchy.	89
5026432072	Zoroastrianism	What religion?	90
5026432073	Christianity	What religion?	91
5026432074	corvee labor	unpaid forced labor usually by lower classes, forced upon them by the government	92
5026432075	tribute	Money paid by one country to another in return for protection	93

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AP World History: Africa Flashcards

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5631000727	What are the five major geographical regions?	Northern and southern coasts, deserts, grasslands, savannas, rain forest	0
5631000728	What is desertification?	the process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.	1
5631000729	What keeps most people out of the rain forest?	Tsetse fly	2
5631000730	What was the common root language	Bantu	3
5631000731	What happened as people migrate across Africa?	Adapted to its many climate and developed diverse culture	4
5631000732	What are the benefits of a common root language?	People can share ideas	5
5631000733	What was the basic unit of society?	Family	6
5631000734	What is kinship?	Sharing of origin, in africa it s either patrilineal or matrilineal	7
5631000735	Patrilineal	of, relating to, or based on relationship to the father or descent through the male line.	8
5631000736	Matrilineal	of or based on kinship with the mother or the female line.	9
5631000737	What is lineage?	or group of households who claimed a common ancestor.	10
5631000738	Smaller African societies were often organized with	Power shared among a number of people rather than centralized int he hands of a single leader	11
5631000739	Villages often made decisions by a process known as	consensus	12
5631000740	South of the Sahara, many African groups developed systems of governing based on lineage. Not centralized	Stateless societies	13
5631000741	What is an ancient lifestyle that is still used today in Africa?	Hunter gatherer	14
5631000742	Before Islam and Christianity, what was the African religion	Polytheistic with one ultimate god, animistic, ancestor worship,	15
5631000743	Merchants and Islam arrived via two routes	Trans Sahara and Indian	16
5631000744	When did the trade increase?	Islam merchants	17
5631000745	Where did west african merchants acquire gold?	Senegal River	18
5631000746	Besides gold, what other items were wanted?	Ivory and slaves	19
5643768917	What were some trading coastal cities before agriculture?	Kiowa, Malinda, and Mogadishu	20
5643768918	What were the interregional trading countries with the coastal city?	India, southeast asia, and persia, greece, roman	21
5643768919	What did Indian Ocean create?	Thriving Swahili city states	22
5643768920	How did the Indian Ocean's wealth affect the architecture?	Buildings were made of stone and coral	23
5643768921	West Africa	Ghana, Mali, Songhai	24
5643768922	East Africa	Swahili's Coast and Zimbabwe	25
5643768923	There was infrequent trade on the Sahara Desert until what?	Camels	26
5643768924	In exchange for ivory and gold, what did the Muslims give to Ghana?	Salt, copper, cloth, and tools	27
5643768925	What was Ghana's capital city?	Kumbai Saleh	28
5643768926	Ghana's government	Centralized with nobles and a strong army equipped with iron weapons	29
5643768927	How did the kings of Ghana keep gold's price from falling?	Preserve gold nuggets	30
5643768928	What did the Ghana king think about chiefs?	As long as they made their payments, the king left them alone	31
5643768929	What was Ghana's decline?	Wars with neighboring states	32
5643768930	Who crossed the savanna for trade?	Soninke people	33
5643768931	Means war chief	Ghana	34
5643768932	Who managed the exchange of goods?	King's tax collector	35
5643768933	Founder of Mali	Mande speaking people	36
5643768934	How did Mali become more prosperous than Ghana?	They taxed nearly all other trade entering west Africa	37
5643768935	Most of Mali's residents were	Farmers	38
5643768936	Timbuktu and Gao were in	Mali	39
5643768937	Timbuktu and Gao developed into	Centers of islamic life in the regions	40
5643768938	Mali's founding ruler	Sudiata	41
5643768939	How did Sundiata take power Ghana and the surrounding area?	Military campaigns	42
5643768940	Most historians believe Sundiata was a	Muslim	43
5643768941	Positive aspects of Sundiata's rule	Good administrators, promoted agriculture, and reestablished trade	44
5643768942	Wat was Mali's capital	Niani	45
5643768943	Who was In Battuta and why is he important?	Traveler of muslim countries and he wrote about his confusion for people not strictly following the quran	46
5643768944	How was Songhai formed?	As people began to break away from Mali, Songhai moved east	47
5643768945	Songhai's founding ruler	Sunni Ali	48
5643768946	Excellent administrative of Songhai	Asia Muhammad	49
5643768947	How did Songhai end?	They didn't have modern weapons like the Moroccans	50
5643768948	How did Islam spread in north africa?	Conquest	51
5643768949	How did islam spread south of the Sahara	Trade	52
5643768950	Muslims were allowed to be in government and their ideas influenced much of African culture. What were the rules of converting?	While the king and mostly people converted, some people kept the traditional religious beliefs	53
5643768951	To show their love for Christianity, what did Ethiopia do?	They built 11 massive churches	54
5643768952	Why did Ethiopia's christianity develop differently?	Isolation	55
5643768953	Famous Ethiopian king	King Lalibela	56
5643768954	What is interesting about Ethiopian churches?	They were built in the ground	57
5643768955	What language did Ethiopia develop?	Geez	58
5643768966	What is Axum?	Previous civilization of Ethiopia, christian	59
5643768956	What happened when Axum declined?	String commercial cities (Kilwa, Mogadishu, Mombasa, and Sofala) gradually arose along the eastern coast	60
5643768957	How did the eastern coast cities learn to trade with Arabia, Persa, China, Asia, etc?	They learned the annual monsoon winds could carry sailing ships between india and africa	61
5643768958	The successful East African international trade system led to the emergence of a vibrant culture and new language both known as .	Swahili	62
5643768959	Zimbabwe was situated between the	Zambezi and Limpop rivers	63
5643768960	Who did Zimbabwe trade with?	Swahili city states as well as Persia, India, and China	64
5643768961	Just as Ghana, Zimbabwe also taxed what	Any gold that traveled through the land	65
5643768962	In Zimbabwe, when the area became wealthy, chiefs constructed their --- out of stone	Zimbabwes	66
5643768963	At the end of the 13th century, massive tone was surrounded which capital city	Great zimbabwe	67
5643768964	How did the Great Zimbabwe reach its height in 1300?	Tapped nearby gold resources and created profitable commercial links with coastal cities such as Sofala	68
5643768965	What caused Zimbabwe's decline?	population had grown too great, overgrazing, civil war, and dwindling trade	69
5646603570	What is sahel?	Semidesert are right under the sahara	70
5646603571	Why was it easy for most Africans to convert to Islam?	They believed in one supreme God	71
5646603572	What was the Ghana tribe?	Soninke	72
5646603573	Who did Ghana use as their bureaucrats	Nobles	73
5646603574	In ghana, the leader was called Ghana which means	War chief	74
5646603575	What was one of the biggest trading empires in the world?	Mali	75
5646603576	Malinke merchants	Juula	76
5646603577	What does Mali mean	Where the king lives	77
5646603578	Songhai capital	Gao	78
5646603579	Who was the great conqueror of the Songhai	Muhammad the great	79
5646603580	Formed states following the demise of Songhai	Hausa	80
5646603581	Kingdom on congo river, capital at Mbanza Kong	Kongo	81
5646603582	Holiest city of the Yoruba-speaking peoples in Nigeria	Ife-Ife	82
5646603583	Powerful city state in Nigeria, under the Yoruba	Benin	83
5646603584	City states in swahili coast	Kilwa, mogadishu, mombasa, sofala	84
5646603585	Swahili language	Mixed between Bantu and arab	85
5646603586	Currency of Swahili coast	Gold coins	86
5646603587	Ships used in Swahili coast	Dhows	87
5646603588	Very prosperous trade, attacked by Portuguese in 1498 and destroyed	Kilwa	88
5646603589	Great Zimbabwe religion	Did not accept islam, kept indigeneous religion	89
5646603590	Great Zimbabwe tribe	Shona	90
5646603591	Great Zimbabwe political	Centralized with bureaucrats, feudalism,	91
5646603592	Currency of great Zimbabwe	Cattle	92

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AP World History Flashcards

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5652336837	effects of neolithic revolution (Development of argiculture)	relations between men and women (inequality begins) Stability, social patterns (class divisions) Population increased	0
5652336838	Writing	Cuneiform (1st form) Mesopatamia aka's M.E	1
5769477294	Jewish Religion	Monotheistic , Judaism, Emphasized power of god	2
5769478096	Early Civilization	Mesopatamia, Egypt, Indus China	3
5769479598	Classical Civilization	Greeks, Romans, Indian Hans	4
5769480295	Confuscianism	Be involved with politcs Be virtous loyal polite generous	5
5769480296	Daoism	Balance + Harmony with nature Major difference poltics	6
5769481390	Buddhism	4 noble truths, Reincarnation, Nirvana Don't believe in Caste system	7
5769509022	Hinduism	Caste system Complex Rituals Reincarnation	8
5769514038	Merchants : China vs India	China - Lowest class, no respect India- Strong role, respected	9
5769516928	Greece	Directed democracy All people participate in government 1st hand Socrates- Socratic Method	10
5769529137	Rome	Agriculture large commerical estates similar to greeks	11
5769532219	Roman decline	smaller population weakened army stagnant economy oppresive government, declining farms, less of confidence	12
5769538200	Similarity between Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism	Belief in after life	13
5769539610	Islam : 5 pillars	confession of faith pray 5 times a day trip to mecca fast during ramadan be generous + charitable	14
5769544462	Spread Asia , Africa Europe	Islam	15
5769545416	Islam Split	Sunni followed umayyad shia folllowed direct descendant of ali Muhammad died + many renounced Islam	16
5769549877	Crusades	islam little affect Europe discovered M.E goods + increased trades	17
5769552737	Converts of Islam	India low caste Hindues and Buddhist Suffis -Mystics	18
5769555681	African Economies	N. Afr involved with Meditteran Trade Mali had port cities (Ex: Timbuktu + Jenne) Professuonal merchants took care of trade Stateless societies couldnt maintain long-distant trade	19
5769562923	European Civilization	East- orthodox christianity West- Catholiscim Both Christian different version	20
5769565441	Why did religions split	Celibacy required for catholic priests	21
5769570044	Foot binding	upperclass women bound their feet to small but it confined them to their homes	22
5769571813	Dynasty	family of rulers	23
5769572426	China	Song Tang Economies -Chinese trade increased larger market areas in all cities. Different forms of credit , Silk Road	24
5769575293	India	Caste system enforced rules about social behavior	25
5769578275	Agriculture in Midieval Times	peasants protected by landlords in return forgood Peasants essentially did own their houses	26
5769582049	MoldBoard	Plow that could till soil deeper	27
5769582891	Feudalism	Political relationship between military elite land was given in return for military service kings were able to get power in some cases Monolism-economic +political relationship between a land + the peasant laborers	28
5769591076	Papal Powers	Sent directions+ gathered info regulated doctrines w/in church sponsored missionaries could ex communicate people	29
5769595999	Characteristics of AM.Civilization	larger cities, elaborate culture, highly developed agriculture diverse populations	30
5769599729	Aztecs	politics-city states similar to Greece and Rome Conquered people had to pay tex	31
5769608303	Meso-America	States continued breakdown region (mexico)- warm region	32
5769613216	andean	larger sates continued region (andes-chile)- colder because of mountains	33
5769637055	Chinese Bureaucrats	Trained in Confucian ideas Family status still played major role in who got a job	34
5769640876	Tang problems	revolts, too many nomads , individual rulers collect their own taxes	35
5769642760	Territory Comparison	song had less than tang	36
5769645072	next dynasty usually gets bigger \		37
5769645073	Bushi	warrior in 10th century Japan	38
5769647927	Tale of Genji	Japanese novel of the imperial court Daimyo- used massive armies, timely assualts, spies instead of heroic combat	39
5769651786	Status of women during the daimyo	excluded from inheritance, only males get inheritance treated as defenseless baggage of their fathers or husbands	40
5769654750	Vietnam	Initially controlled by china after independence kept chinese admin system civil service exams for gov't official	41
5769659439	Chingis Khan Reforms	Mongnolian language developed for record keeping a law code was created to stop clan feuds chinese + islamic bureaucrats were utilized in Mongol administration Farmers taxed to support mongol courts and military expedition All religions in his empire were tolerated	42
5769660231	Mongolia Women during the Y. Dynasty	were independent, refused to adopt the practice of foot binding , retained their property rights	43

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World History World War 1 Flashcards

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8183088358	The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand	This was the spark that started World War I. Archduke Ferdinand, the Austrian crown prince, was murdered on June 28, 1914, by a Serbian nationalist while visiting Sarajevo, Bosnia. Germany urged Austria-Hungary to fight and they went to war against Serbia; all of this due to Serbia wanting to expand	0
8183088359	Woodrow Wilson	This was the president who was elected in 1912, and led the US into WWI. Later wrote a plan for post-WWI peace known as the Fourteen Points.	1
8183088360	Austria-Hungary	This Central Power empire during WWI, started the war with their invasion of Serbia after the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand on June 28, 1914 . It was made up of Austria, Hungary and several other nations and territories. After World War I it split up into several nations.	2
8183088361	The Black Hand	This Serbian rebel group tassassinated Archduke Ferdinand after several failed attempts.	3
8183088362	Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany	This German Emperor led the Germans during WWI. In 1918 he was forced to step down by German Generals.	4
8183088363	U-boats	This new machinery used by the Germans in sea warfare, to attack British and American supply ships in the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.	5
8183088364	Nationalism	This cause of World War I was based on an intense pride in one's nation.	6
8183088365	Allied Powers	This alliance during WWI included the United States, Great Britain, France, Russia and Italy (switched to the Allied Powers in 1915). (The blue countries of the East and West on map above)	7
8183088366	Wilson's Fourteen Points	This is the plan for post-World War I outlined by President Wilson in 1918. This plan called for self-determination (countries in Africa and Asia govern themselves), freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations.	8
8183088367	Zimmerman Telegram	This intercepted note from the German foreign minister to the Mexican government offered, territories in Texas, Arizona and New Mexico for Mexico. The note also confirmed the new policy of unrestricted submarine warfare by Germany against the Allied Powers. This helped turn Americans against Germany in WWI.	9
8183088368	Lusitania	This British passenger ship was sunk by German U-boats in 1915, carrying civilians and ammunition to Britain from the U.S. The event turned American opinion against Germany.	10
8183088369	Trench Warfare	This style of warfare was common in WWI, due to the invention of the machine gun and heavy artillery. It included digging long trenches, separated by barbed wire and a no mans land.	11
8183088370	Armistice, 1918	This was the agreement between the Allies and Central Powers that ended the fighting after WWI. It began at 11/11/1918 at 11:11 am. This marked a victory for the Allies and stated that the Central Powers lost. Germans would later look at this as "the stab in the back."	12
8183088371	Reparations	This term refers to the payments and transfers of property that Germany was required to make under the treaty of Versailles.	13
8183088372	League of Nations	This intergovernmental organization lasted from 1919-1946, was founded after the Paris Peace Conference. It did not work effectively to prevent WWII.	14
8183088373	War Guilt Clause	This clause of the Treaty of Versailles placed all blame for WWI with Germany and its allies. This forced Germany to pay reparations for World War I.	15
8183088374	Causes of World War I Imperialism	This cause of World War II resulted from the competition among European nations for colonies in Africa and Asia from 1880-1914. This created tension, especially between Germany and Great Britain.	16
8183088375	Causes of World War I Alliances	This was a major cause of WWI. Two major alliances formed the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria, Italy) and the Triple Entente (France, England, Russia). This alliance system made world war likely, by drawing all countries into a small war.	17
8183088376	M.A.N.I.A.	These are the five main causes of World War I. Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism, and Assassination.	18
8183088377	Triple Alliance	This alliance was made Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy in the years before WWI. IN RED ABOVE	19
8183088378	Triple Entente	This alliance between Great Britain, France and Russia in the years before WWI. IN BLUE ABOVE	20
8183088379	Balkan Region	Slavic Region of intense nationalism and imperial domination in mountains of south/eastern Europe - spark to set off powder keg of Europe.	21
8183088380	Central Powers	This was a major alliance at the 'center' of Europe during World War I, made up of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire. It was formerly known as the Triple Alliance before the war. SHOWN ABOVE IN RED.	22
8183088381	Allied Powers	This was a major alliance during World War I made up of Britain, France, Russia, and the United States. It was know n as the Triple Entente(a French word) before the war.	23
8183088382	Western Front	This was a major front in World War I. A line of trenches and fortifications in World War I that stretched without a break from Switzerland to the North Sea. This is where most of the fighting happened in World War II.	24
8183088383	Shlieffen Plan	This was Germany's military plan at the outbreak of WWl. The plan was for troops to rapidly defeat France and move east to defeat Russia.	25
8183088384	Eastern Front	This was a front in WWI. The region of fighting happened along the German-Russian Border where Russians and Serbs battled Germans, Austrians, and Turks.	26
8183088385	Gallipoli Campaign	This was a British military attack in 1915 during World War I against the Ottoman Empire at Dardanelles', to bring supplies to Russia. The mission failed with high casualties by the British as shown in movie with Mel Gibson called "Gallipoli."	27
8183088386	Unrestricted Submarine Warfare	This was the policy that the Germans announced on January 1917 which stated that their submarines would sink any ship in the British waters.	28
8183088387	Rationing	Restricting the amount of food and other goods people may buy during wartime to assure adequate supplies for the military	29
8183088388	Propaganda	These are ideas or information that usually designed by a government to influence public opinion, often times to persuade a people to go to war.	30
8183088389	Balkan Region	This area was considered "powder keg of Europe." It was an important area for the following reasons: ~Russia wanted access to Med. Sea ~Germany wanted rail link to Ottoman Emp. ~Austria-Hungary had control of Bosnia, accused Serbia of subverting rule over it	31
8183088390	Armenian Genocide	When the government of the Ottoman Empire (Turks) killed 1 million Armenians in suspicion that they were working for Russia.	32
8183088391	Ernest Hemingway	"Lost Generation" writer, spent much of his life in France, Spain, and Cuba during WWI, notable works include A Farewell to Arms	33
8183088392	Pablo Picasso	Pablo Picasso, One of the artistic giants of the twentieth century. Helped found the Cubist and Abstract movements. During his life, 1881-1973, he worked in various media and is noted for scores of important works. His painting Guernica is one of the most powerful anti-war expressions of the modern era.	34
8183088393	Famine in Ukraine	Collect farms(collectivization) in the Ukraine resulted in massive famine in 1932-1933. In the USSR, 93 percent of peasant families had been forced onto collective farms.	35
8183088394	The Great Purge	Josef Stalin's rein of terror on the Soviet Union, Time period when all opposition to the communist government under Stalin were sent to labor camps.	36
8183088395	Gulags	gulags, Forced labor camps set up by Stalin in easter Russia. Dissidents were sent to the camps, where conditions were generally brutal. Millions died.	37
8183088396	Collectivization	A system in which private farms were eliminated and the government created large-scale industrial farms known as collectives.	38
8183088397	Under Stalin, life in the Soviet Union was characterized by	use of censorship and the secret police	39
8183088398	How did the command economy function in the Soviet Union?	A central authority determined the type and quantity of goods to be produced	40
8183088399	What does fascism stress?	glorification of the state above the individual; extreme nationalism	41
8183088400	Characteristic of a totalitarian society.	freedom of speech, press and religion are denied	42
8183088401	What type of political system did Lenin, Hitler and Mussolini establish in their countries?	totalitarianism	43
8183088402	During the mid-1930s, which characteristic was common in Fascist Italy, Nazi germany and communist Russia?	one party system that denied basic human rights	44
8183088403	What do fascism and communism have in common?	encourage strong nationalistic feelings, one party systems, disregard individual rights	45
8183088404	How did the overseas colonies contribute to the Allied victory in World War I?	Colonies provided hundreds of thousands of troops.	46
8183088405	Which single event ended the stalemate of trench warfare and resulted in the Allied Powers defeating Germany?	American financial support of Britain and France and the US intervention in the war in 1917.	47
8183088406	Unrestricted Submarine Warfare	A policy that the Germans announced on January 1917 which stated that their submarines would sink any ship in the British waters. Resulted in entry of the US into World War I.	48
8183088407	Militarism	This cause of World War I was a policy of building up strong armed forces to prepare for war.	49
8183088408	Vladimir Lenin	Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR (1870-1924)	50

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AP World History Ch. 1 and 2 Flashcards

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7221382234	earliest known human species	E Africa 2.5 Million years ago	0
7221383800	how did the earliest humans live	by hunting and gathering	1
7221398837	homo sapiens sapiens	most advanced humans. migrated from Africa to Middle East to Europe to Asia to Australia to the Americas	2
7222192112	what did they make tools and weapons out of	stones, sticks, and natural objects. eventually they progressed to stone, bone, and wood	3
7222194387	agriculture	10,000 years ago; provided steady food sources (*surplus); people lived ini larger groups; production increased by metalworking	4
7222200587	early human history year	2.5 million BCE to 1000 BCE	5
7222201469	BCE	before our common era	6
7222202208	first big concept	development of human hunting skills, adaptation of those skills to shifting geography and ice age climate, and human migration patterns	7
7222206022	second big concept	rise of agriculture and changes in technology	8
7222207257	third big concept	appearance of increasing distinctive human societies through agriculture and nomadic pastoralism and earlier contacts among early societies when larger and formally organized societies emerged	9
7222214413	neolithic revolution	9000 - 4000 BCE	10
7222220292	hunting shortage	10,000 years ago. hunters had to find new sources of food. women found out how to plant seeds and harvest grain (agriculture)	11
7222230722	wheel and metal hand tools	increased acriculture production	12
7222232818	what effect did agriculture have	birth rates went up, they had a surplus of food, reduced migration, people started working in non-agricultural jobs	13
7222236664	what effect did surplus have	population went up; larger groups of people lived together to maintain all the land, causing vulnerability to diseases; political structures and cities were created	14
7222243386	where were the 4 centers of civilization located	along river valleys	15
7222244785	upper class	rulers, landlords, priests	16
7222245804	early civilizations had...	monumental buildings for religion, more formal art and culture were standard features	17
7222251296	slow changes in civilizations were caused by	taking time to invent fundamental new devices, people remained attached to their old ways	18
7222257259	hunting and gathering required...	low birth rates, because so they limited births	19
7222258961	speech gene	improves human's capacity to communicate	20
7222260920	primates	neolithic humans; have opposable thumbs, higher brain capacity, omnivores	21
7222264049	Paleolithic (Old Stone) Age	2 million+ years the human species has existed	22
7223634269	mesolithic (middle stone) age	12,000 - 8000 BCE; humans fashioned stone tools	23
7223638751	neolithic (new stone) age	8000- 5000 BCE; better tool use, more elaborate social organization, and more population pressure led people to many parts of the world	24
7223655542	bronze age	bronze tools- 4000 BCE iron replaced bronze- 1500 BCE	25
7223657580	slash and burn agriculture	system of cultivation typical of shifting cultivators; forest floors cleared by fire are then planted	26
7223659389	bands	level of social organization with 20-30 people; nomadic hunters and gatherers; labor divided by gender	27
7223663442	Çatal Hüyük	7000 BCE; early urban culture based on sedentary agriculture; modern southern turkey; larger population than Jericho; greater degree of social stratification	28
7223669676	1st civilizations	Mesopotamia; along the banks of Tigris and Euphrates rivers; developed from scratch	29
7223672996	mesopotamia	"between the rivers" (Tigris and Euphrates)	30
7223676598	2nd civilization	NE Africa (Egypt)	31
7223677202	3rd civilization	2500 BCE; banks of Indus River; NW India	32
7223678518	4th and 5th civilizations	China and Central America	33
7223679763	civilization	derived from Latin term for "city"; societies distinguished by reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food, surpluses, and existence of non-farming elites, and merchant and manufacturing groups	34
7223685050	cuneiform	for of writing developed by Sumerians; 300 symbols	35
7223686473	barbarian	society lacking in civilization	36
7223687162	nomads	cattle and sheep herding societies; "barbarians"	37
7223689203	ziggurats	massive towers associated w Mesopotamian temples; priest operated	38
7223698890	city-state	political organization in Mesopotamian civilizations consisting of agricultural hinterlands ruled by urban-based king	39
7223701929	Babylonian empire	unified Mesopotamia 1800 BCE; collapsed due to foreign invasion 1600 BCE	40
7223705445	Hammurabi	most important ruler of Babylonian empire; responsible for codification of law	41
7223707407	pharaoh	kings in Egypt	42
7223707879	pyramids	monumental architecture in Egypt; burial sites for pharaohs	43
7223709819	Kush	African state developed along upper regions of Nile; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries	44
7223717087	Indus River Valley	river sources in Himalayas to mouth in Arabian Sea; location of Harappa civilization	45
7223745000	Harappa	along with Mohenjo Daro, major urban complex of the Harappa civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern	46
7223752976	Mohenjo Daro	along with Harappa, major complex of the Harappa civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern	47
7223756432	Yellow River	"Huanghe"; site of development of sedentary agriculture in China	48
7223760707	ideographs	pictographic characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing	49
7223762180	Shang	1st Chinese Dynasty for which archeological evidence exists; capital located in Oraos, bulge of the Huanghe; flourished in 1600-1046 BCE	50
7223765703	oracle	priests in Chinese society who foretold the future through interpretations of animal bones cracked by heat; inscriptions on bones led to Chinese writings	51
7223773192	Phoenicians	seafaring civilization located on shores of E Mediterranean; established colonies throughout Mediterranean; made a simplified alphabet w 22 letters	52
7223775796	polytheism	a religion that sees gods in different aspects of nature	53
7223776691	monotheism	the exclusive worship of a single god; introduced by Jews into Western civilization	54

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Chapter 7 AP World History Vocabulary Flashcards

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6043979525	American web	A term used to describe the network of trade that linked parts of the pre-Columbian Americas; although less intense and complete than the Afro-Eurasian trade networks, this web nonetheless provided a means of exchange for luxury goods and ideas over large areas.	0
6043981466	Angkor Wat	The largest religious structure in the premodern world, construction began on this temple located in modern Cambodia in the early 1100s C.E. It was built to express a Hindu understanding of the cosmos, centered on a mythical Mt Meru, the home of the gods in Hindu tradition.	1
6043986410	Black Death	The name given to the massive epidemic that swept Eurasia in the fourteenth century C.E.; it may have been bubonic plague, anthrax, or a collection of epidemic diseases.	2
6043990700	Borobudur	The largest Buddhist monument ever built, Borobudur is a mountainous ten-level monument with an elaborate carving program, probably built in the ninth century C.E. by the Sailendras rulers of central Java; it is an outstanding example of cultural exchange and syncretism.	3
6043991985	Ghana, Mali, Songhay	A series of important states that developed in western and central Sudan in the period 500-1600 C.E. in response to the economic opportunities of trans-Saharan trade	4
6043993151	Great Zimbabwe	A powerful state in the African interior that apparently emerged from the growing trade in gold to the East African coast; flourished between 1250 and 1350 C.E. Indian Ocean trading network: The world's largest sea-based system of communication and exchange before 1500 C.E., Indian Ocean commerce stretched from southern China to eastern Africa and included not only the exchange of luxury and bulk goods but also the exchange of ideas and crops.	5
6043994836	Thorfinn Karlsfeni	A well-born, wealthy merchant and seaman of Norwegian Viking background, Karlsfeni led an unscuccessful expedition to establish a colony on the coast of what is now Newfoundland, Canada, in the early eleventh century C.E.	6
6043997469	pochteca	Professional merchants among the Aztecs.	7
6043998288	Sand Roads	A term used to describe the routes of the trans-Sahara trade in Africa	8
6044000886	Silk Roads	Land-based trade routes that linked Eurasia.	9
6044004008	Srivijaya	A Malay kingdom that dominated the Straits of Malacca between 670 and 1025 C.E.; noted for its creation of a native/Indian hybrid culture.	10
6044005237	Swahili civilization	An East African civilization that emerged in the eighth century C.E. from a blending of Bantu, Islamic, and other Indian Ocean trade elements.	11
6044015268	trans-Saharan slave trade	A fairly small-scale trade that developed in the twelfth century C.E., exporting West African slaves captured in raids across the Sahara for sale mostly as household servants.	12