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AP World History Chapter 16 Flashcards

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8252306438Early Reformation- Power of Papacy - protestant Reformation - Christian Marriage - Many rebellions against Church0
8252308354Pope LeoHe was ambitious in the are of building, wanted a basilica built1
8252325395Martin Luther- 95 allegations against the church - Believed in salvation by faith2
8252354498Counter-Reformation and religious politics- Council of Trent: no more indulgences, priests better behaved - Jesuits - religious wars between Protestants and Catholics - Charles V, Henry IV, Henry VIII3
8252373648Charles Vfounding king of Spain4
8252379042Henry IVKing of France, protestant but converted to Catholicism5
8252394158Henry VIIIKing of England, he was corrupt and excommunicated, started the Church of England6
8252401878Witch hunts- Belief in magic and spirits - 60,000 executed, 3/4 women - Dear of devil powers - High death tools in German, Sweden, and Russian states - Social tension7
8252420562Scientific Revolution- Process of experimentation, observation, and analysis - Copernicus and Galileo said the sun was the center of the universe - Isaac Newton: 3 laws of gravity - Scientific vs religious discoveries8
8252450655Early Enlightenment- Scientific method for economics, politics, and social organization - Monarchs liked predestination9
8252463955VolitarePhilosopher, difficult to understand, idea of predestination10
8252473968The Bourgeoisie- Urbanization - They were town dwellers - Non-nobles could make a good living - Joint stock companies provided commerce over seas11
8252490016Peasants and laborers- Decline in European agriculture - Known as little Ice age - The Americas forced labor - The people lived on maize and potatoes - Deforestation - "Deserving" poor were helped out12
8252510762Women and the Family- Class was more important - Marriage for social aspiration - Later marriage age, 20's - Dowry - Many orphans due to unfit mothers with no support - many unmarried women became brothels and beggars13
8252528474State Development- Strong monarchies- absolute monarchs - Bullion shipments increased monopoly in Europe - Inflation - Charles V: Habsburg family - Phillip II takes over14
8252578356Monarchies of England and France- English Civili war: Cavaliers (Charles' followers) vs Roundheads (Parlament) - Absolute monarchies - Louis XIV- King of France - Versailles: huge palaces15
8252604171Warfare and Diplomacy- Wars lead to better weapons - Fortifications - Nobility ledership - English royal Navy - Balance of Power16
8252631781Paying the Piper- Back to tax farmers - France, England, Netherlands all in debt, overseas investments - Dutch debt - High military costs17
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AP World History: Chapter 4 Flashcards

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7848381359animismthe belief that all living and nonliving things on nature have a spirit0
7848388294Hinduismthe belief in one unifying spirit called Brahman and reincarnation1
7848396888Buddhismbelief in the Four Noble truths and following the Eightfold Path to reach nirvana2
7848406135Judaisman Abrahamic monotheistic religionassociated with the Hebrews3
7848412724The VedasHindu sacred texts. Veda means wisdom4
7848418136The UpanishadsHindu sacred text that was an attempt to explain the complex Hindu religion5
7848428288Ramayanaa Hindu creation story that describes the perfect Hindu marriage6
7848440119The Mahabharatathe longest Indian epic poem which described a civil war in Delhi7
7848448526The TripitakaSacred Buddhist texts of Buddha's teachings written by his followers8
7848461804The Toraha sacred Jewish scripture recording laws and events in Jewish history9
7848467179Brahmanthe unifying spirit of Hinduism that could manifest in one or many forms10
7848478577Siddhartha Gautamafounder of Buddhism11
7848482682Dalai Lamathe religious leader of Tibetan Buddhists who advocates for freedom from China12
7848494619Boddhisatvaspeople who delayed nirvana to help others reach it13
7848497420RabbiJewish religious leader14
7848504516BuddhaThe Enlightened One15
7848508736The Great RenuncitationSiddhartha Gautama was born into a wealthy family but renounced his wealth to seek spiritual enlightenment16
7848520470The Ganges Rivera river that is considered to be most sacred by Hindus17
7848524186Synagoguetemple, Jewish church18
7848529769Reincarnationrebirth, associated with Hinduism and Buddhism19
7848535403Karmathe sum of all your deeds, both good and bad20
7848540682Dharmaduties dependent upon your position, gender, and occupation21
7848546090The Caste systema social class system highly involved in Hinduism22
7848552867Castessocial classes into which a person is born and lives in their entire life23
78485663524 signs Gautama saw before becoming a religious leader- a sick man - an old man - a dead man - a monk24
7848576197When Gautama found the meaning of life, he became known as _________Buddha25
7848579178The Four Noble Truths1. All life is suffering. 2. suffering is caused by desire for things 3. The way to eliminate suffering is to eliminate desire 4. Following the Eightfold Path will help overcome desire26
7848599082The Eightfold Path- right view - right intentions - right speech - right action - right livelihood - right effort - right concentration - right mindfulness27
7848612777nirvanaBuddhist salvation or release from reincarnation28
7848618862TheravedaAKA Hinayana, Lesser vehicle The original type of Buddhism in which Buddha was a teacher and the Eightfold Path was emphasized29
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AP World History: Early Christianity (Unit 6) Flashcards

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8143358047What did the Jewish man named Saul do?-Originally persecuted Christians in the name of Rome -Had a blinding vision -Decided to convert to Christianity -Studied the Bible -Spread the word of Christianity to non-jews known as a 'gentiles'0
8143383761What did Saul change his name to after he converted to Christianity?Paul1
8143385621What did Paul do in Rome?Set up Christian churches all across Rome and wrote letters explaining Christianity2
8143392831What happened to Paul in Rome due to his Christian faith?Paul was imprisoned, tortured, and killed3
8143399614Why were Christians persecuted?Their beliefs challenged the power of the Roman emperor and they did not worship the Roman gods4
8143413579What did the persecution of Christians lead them to do?Meet in secret places called 'catacombs'5
8143415835What did emperor Nero do to Christians?Had them fed to lions and used their bodies to light the coliseum6
8143419039Why did Christianity spread?People wanted life after death7
8143421456Who did Christianity appeal to?The educated8
8143422399What are those that die for their beliefs called?Martyrs9
8143430729What did Constantine have a vision of?A cross in the sky10
8143431787What did Constantine do?Changed the Roman policy of persecution to a policy of acceptance of Christianity through the Edict of Milan11
8143441471What did emperor Theodosius do?Made Christianity the official religion of the Roman empire12
8143445033Why was there a large presence of Christians in Egypt and Ethiopia?Monastic communities being founded13
8143457864Where did Christianity make its way to as recorded in Augustine's journal?Algeria14
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AP World History Chapter 18 Flashcards

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8296370279West Indies Colonization before 1650- Tobacco- popular cash crop - Indentured servants made tobacco - Sugar overran tobacco - Dutch west India company: settled in Caribbean - Dutch Slave Trade - Elimina and Luanda: ports for Dutch slave trade0
8296419728Sugar and slaves- 15,000 tons of sugar produced - A lot of deforestation - Surge of slaves in 17th century - Slaves more popular than servants1
8296458311Technology and Environment- Sugar process - Plantation mills: wind/water for power - Brought in non-native species because of land clearing2
8296483533Slave's lives- Plantocracy: small elite group of plantation owners - Slaves had 18hr workdays - Difficult for mothers and babies - Driver- in charge of gangs -Tachy started rebellion - escape rates increasing3
8296540585Capitalism and Mercantilism- Shift from royal monopoly to private - Capitalism: money through investments - Growth of sugar - Royal African Company4
8296622881Imperial reform in Spanish America and Brazil- Habsburg Dynasty ends - Colony position increases - Church position decreases - Immigration decreases - Jesuits expelled - Creols angry about leaders5
8296695841Reform and Reorganization in British America- Charles II- Navigation Acts: stated that trade can only happen with English ships must pass through England first when going to Europe - Assemblies suspended - Glorious revolution, bloodles - Social divisions made - French and Indians vs British, French lose Canada - Heavy tax policies6
8296786416Atlantic Circut- Triangular trade - 1st leg: manufactured goods and rum to Africa, weapons - 2nd leg: middle passage, slaves to America - 3rd leg: raw materials to Europe - Middle passage rebellion7
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AP Literature Review Flashcards

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9700988747ClassicismUniversality, noble ideas, dignified language, restraint, clarity, objectivity, the importance of structure, an edifying purpose Examples include Homer (The Iliad, The Odyssey), The Bible, and Sophocles (Antigone, Oedipus Rex)0
9701017129RealismTruth and actuality, detail, character portrayal, psychology, objectivity, lack of sentimentality Examples include Chaucer, Chekov, Hemingway, and Ibsen1
9701037364RomanticismEmotions and passions, imagination and wonder, Nature, individual, freedom and revolution, dreams and idealism, mystery and supernatural, experimentation with form, spontaneity Examples include (for prose:) Cervantes, Shakespeare, Hawthorne, Brontes, Hugo, (for poetry:) Shakespeare, Burns, Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Lord Byron, Shelley, Keats, Tennyson, Browning2
9701079663Impressionismappeals to the senses, mood and effects, vagueness and ambiguity, momentary insights, impressions of setting, plot, and character, emphasis on color and light, emotions and feelings, sensations into words Examples include Henry James, Joseph Conrad, Katherine Mansfield, Kate Chopin3
9701110297ExpressionismSubjective responses, inner reality, abstract and mystical ideas, symbols and masks, man and society in chaos, creation of new worlds Examples include Joyce, O'Neill, T.S. Eliot, Kafka4
9701134025NaturalismRealism to its extreme, fact and detail, social awareness and reform, man as animal in society, scientific inquiry Examples include Williams, Norris, Crane, Sinclair5
9701149095ExistentialismMan's alienation Example includes Camus6
9701156350AbsurdismTakes Existentialism one step further into the realm of fractured reality Example includes Albee7
9701225987Telegraphic SentenceShorter than 5 words in length8
9701232049Short SentenceApproximately 5 words in length9
9701237091Medium SentenceApproximately 18 words in length10
9701261217Long and Involved SentencesThirty words or more in length11
9701281801Loose SentenceA sentence that makes complete sense if brought to a close before the actual ending12
9701288842Periodic SentenceA sentence that makes sense only when the end of the sentence is reached13
9701295903Balanced SentenceThe phrases or clauses balance each other by virtue of their likeness or structure, meaning, and/or length14
9701312561Split Order of a SentenceDivides the predicate into two parts with the subject coming in the middle15
9701318591JuxtapositionNormally unassociated ideas, words, or phrases are placed next to one another creating an effect of surprise16
9701336444AlliterationBeginning several consecutive or neighboring words with the same sound17
9701343669AssonanceRepetition of vowel sounds in a series of words18
9701348560ConsonanceRepetition of a consonant sound within a series of words to produce a harmonious effect19
9701355979SimileComparison of 2 unlike things or ideas through the use of the words like or as20
9701362433MetaphorComparison of 2 unlike things or ideas without the use of like or as21
9701369434personificationA kind of metaphor that gives inanimate objects or abstract ideas human characteristics22
9701382750Onomatopoeia (Imitative Harmony)The use of words in which the sounds seem to resemble the sounds they describe. When used on an extended scale in a poem, onomatopoeia is called imitative harmony.23
9701397657Hyperboledeliberate, extravagant, and often outrageous exaggeration24
9701407073Understatement (Meiosis)A kind of irony which deliberately represents something as much less than it actually is25
9701420262ParadoxA statement which contradicts itself; although it may seem to be at odds with ordinary experience, it usually turns out to have a coherent meaning, and reveals a truth which is normally hidden26
9701438494OxymoronA form of paradox which combines a pair of contrary terms into a single expression; usually serves the purpose of shocking the reader into awareness27
9701447948PunA play on words which are identical or similar in sound but which have sharply diverse meanings28
9701459741IronyThe result of a statement saying one thing while meaning the opposite29
9701465481SarcasmA type of irony in which a person appears to be praising something while (s)he is actually insulting the thing; its purpose if to injure or hurt30
9701476678AntithesisInvolves a direct contrast of structurally parallel word groupings generally for the purpose of contrast31
9701485668ApostropheA form of personification in which the absent or dead are spoken to as if present, and the inanimate as if animate32
9701497487AllusionReference to a mythological, literary, historical, or Biblical person, place, or thing33
9701513322SynecdocheA part of something is used to signify the whole; the container representing the thing being contained; the material from which an object is made standing for the object itself34
9701527180MetonymyThe name of one thing is applied to another thing with which it is closely associated35
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AP World History Strayer Chapter 10 Vocabulary Flashcards

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7982190791Nubian Christianity*Definition:* (5th/6th century) Several kingdoms of Nubia Christian church thrived for 600 years. *Significance:* It largely disappeared because of the conversion to Islam.0
7982190792Jesus Sutras*Definition:* Products of Nestorian Christians in China. *Significance:* Sutras articulate the Christian message using Buddhist and Daoist concepts.1
7982190793Ethiopian Christianity*Definition:* (4th century) Conversion of rulers in Axum (highlands of Ethiopia). *Significance:* More resilient than other early Christian church. It was largely cut off from other parts of Christendom because of its distinctive traits differed from other Christian churches.2
7982190794Byzantine Empire*Definition:* Surviving Eastern Roman Empire (on the site of new capital: Constantinople). *Significance:* Eastern Power with Eastern Orthodox Christianity (the power transfer to the East). Where scholars, technology, and more was promoted.3
7982190795Constantinople*Definition:* New capital of eastern half of Roman Empire. *Significance:* Highly defensible and economically important site helped assure city's cultural and strategic importance.4
7982190796Justinian*Definition:* Byzantine Emperor (527 - 565 CE). *Significance:* Short-lived conquest of much of the former Western Roman Empire and codification of Roman law.5
7982190797Caesaropapism*Definition:* Political and religious system in which the secular ruler is also the head of the religious establishment (Byzantine Empire). *Significance:* Allowed the Emperor to be head of state (Caeser) and head of the church (Pope). He was all powerful.6
7982190798Eastern Orthodox Christianity*Definition:* A branch of Christianity that developed in the eastern part of the Roman Empire. *Significance:* The subordinate of the church of political authority (married clergy, beard, and ultimate authority in belief).7
7982190799Icons*Definition:* Holy images venerated in the Eastern Orthodox Church. *Significance:* It caused conflicts between Christian sects. Icons vs no Icons.8
7982190800Prince Vladimir of Kiev*Definition:* Grand Prince of Kiev (978 - 1015 CE). *Significance:* Converted to Orthodox Christianity which led to the incorporation of Russia into the sphere of Eastern Orthodoxy.9
7982190801Kievan Rus*Definition:* State that emerged around the city of Kiev (9th century). *Significance:* A culturally diverse region with Vikings, Finnic, and Baltic peoples. It became part of the Eastern Orthodox.10
7982190802Charlemagne*Definition:* The ruler of the Carolingian Empire (768 - 814 CE). *Significance:* Staged an imperial revival in Western Europe. He was also crowned Holy Emperor by the Pope. He expanded the empire and broke the "dark ages" of Europe.11
7982190803Holy Roman Empire*Definition:* Describes the Germanic-based empire founded by Otto I in 962. *Significance:* The revival of Frankish Empire (Charlemagne emperor). It was a multi-ethnic European super-state.12
7982190804Roman Catholic Church*Definition:* Western European branch of Christianity (separate from the Eastern Orthodox). *Significance:* The religious power in the West with the Pope and Bishops. With the Pope as the authority in matters of doctrine (called for crusades).13
7982190805Western Christendom*Definition:* West European branch of Christianity. *Significance:* It was separate from Eastern Orthodox with a major break that still isn't healed.14
7982190806Cecilia Penifader*Definition:* Illiterate peasant woman from English village. *Significance:* Provided a way to look into the conditions of ordinary rural people even though her life was more independent and prosperous than most.15
7982190807Crusades*Definition:* "Ventures of the Cross" meaning the holy wars waged by the Western Christendom (1095 until the end of the Middle Ages). *Significance:* Crusaders declared by Pope (only him) and were marked by participants swearing a vow and receiving indulgence in return. (The fight with Isam and the East).16
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Chapter 13 Key Terms - AP World History Flashcards

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5183082207The Later Roman EmpireByzantine empire0
5183082208The Early Byzantine State1
5183082593Caesaropapismthe dual role of the state and leader of the church in which a temporal ruler extends his own powers to theological and ecclesiastical matters2
5183082594The Byzantine Court3
5183083212Justinian and TheodoraWhich Byzantine emperor ruled for 40 years and reconquered old Roman territory4
5183083213Justinian's CodeAn organized collection and explanation of roman laws for use by the byzantine empire5
5183084021Belisarius and Byzantine Conquests6
5183084255Byzantine Imperial Organization7
5183084774Tension btw. Byzantium and Europe8
5183084775Byzantine Peasantrytheme system supported them, byzantium was strongest when they flourished, worked on estates, when wealthy people took estates peasantry declined9
5183085711Decline of the Free Peasantry10
5183086113Byzantine Manufacturing Enterprises11
5183086624Trade in the Byzantine World12
5183088950The Organization of Byzantine Trade13
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AP World History Strayer Chapter 3 Flashcards

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7835480489Cyrus550-530 B.C.E., military genius, expanded empire 2,000 miles, tolerant, helped Jews get back to Israel safely0
7835480490Darius522-486B.C.E., 10,000 immortals, brought peace and stability, expanded empire 2,500 miles, tax collecting system, built royal road, network of spies, built persepolis1
7835480491Greek Dark Age1150-800 B.C.E., Time of poverty and depopulation, Phoenicians brought them out, and introduced them to the alphabet2
7835480492Archaic Period800-480 B.C.E., population growth, Urbanization, development of polis; Greece3
7835480493PolisCity-state; urban center with rural area around it, fortified walls, acropolis and agora within it4
7835480494AcropolisTop of city refuge, hill within polis5
7835480495AgoraMarketplace6
7835480496HoplitesHeavily armed infantry men, breastplate, spear/ sword, knee guards, and helmet, fought in phalanixes7
7835480497Military OligarchyGovernment ruled by wealthy male men, Sparta8
7835480498Direct DemocracyAll citizens could vote (free male men) Athens9
7835480499Delian LeagueAlliance of Greek states that came together after war, payed money to Athenians for protection if Persians came back, Athens made Parthenon and triremes10
7835480500Spartan WomenExpected to raise strong children, athletic, exercised, own property, took care of household because men were barely home11
7835480501Athenian WomenExpected to stay inside, males had authority over them and household, no political rights, mainly to produce children12
7835480502Sparta (general facts)Peloponnese, militaristic, oligarchy, women had more rights, cautious and isolationist, feared helot rebellion13
7835480503Athens (general facts)Attic peninsula, direct democracy, navy, council of 500, women did not have as many rights as Spartan women14
7835480504Council of Elders28 Spartan men, over age 60, proposed laws, deemed children weak or strong15
7835480505Council of 500Athens, served for a year, proposed laws to asembly16
7835480506PericlesLeader of Athens during Golden Age, guided Athens through transformation to full participatory democracy for all male citizens, funeral oration (democracy was the best, equality)17
7835480507Cause of Persian warsGreeks in Ionia rebelled, Persia spent 5 years putting down rebellions, then Persia wanted revenge on Greece18
7835480508Battle of Marathon490 B.C.E, first battle, Greeks won19
7835480509Golden Age of AthensProfitable trade, annual tribute, time of peace and prosperity20
7835480510SocratesSocratic method,Sentenced to death for corrupting the youth, and neglecting Gods, drank hemlock21
7835480511PlatoStudent of Socrates, wrote the Republic, created the Academy22
7835480512AristotleStudent of Plato, believed people learned through reason, taught Alexander the great23
7835480513Cause of Peloponnesian WarOther city states started to view Athens with hostility24
7835480514Events of Peloponnesian WarSparta burned food supply- Athens moved into city walls while allies brought them food through port- plague swept through- 421 B.C.E. signed- Athens break it by attempting to attack Sparta's allies- Athens surrendered in 404 B.C.E.25
7835480515Hellenistic CultureGreek culture spreads through NE Africa/ western Asia, long distance trade, rise of new insituations26
7835480516SatrapGovernor of a province in the Persian empire27
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