AP WORLD HISTORY Flashcards
To prepare for the AP test.
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| 4855438214 | What did settling down to start food production lead to? | It led to patriarchy, increasing population, creation of villages and social classes. | 0 | |
| 4855438215 | State the CORRECT ORDER of the three groups; Incas, Mayans, Olmecs, Aztecs. | Mayans, Olmecs, Incas, Aztecs. | 1 | |
| 4855438216 | Definition or Monarchy | A government with one person at the head (king) | 2 | |
| 4855438217 | Definition of Oligarchy | A government with a small GROUP of people ruling. | 3 | |
| 4855438218 | The deserts of the east and west Nile valley provided what for the river valley civilizations. | Protection from outside invaders | 4 |
AP World History Period 2 Flashcards
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| 7963940068 | Achaemenid empire | Mesopotamia, pastoralists (little agriculture), sting military, Cyrus the Achaemenid, Darius, Cambyses | 0 | |
| 7963940069 | Pastorialism | The domestication of animals | 1 | |
| 7963940070 | Cyrus the Achaemenid | the founder and leader of the Achaemenid Empire | 2 | |
| 7963940071 | Achaemenid Empire administration | Placed into 23 satrapies led by Persian leaders called satrap, regulates taxes with silver animals and slaves, issued standardized coins, Persian royal road | 3 | |
| 7963940072 | Persian Royal Road | Turkey to Iran, lodging/ food stations | 4 | |
| 7963940073 | Persian society and culture | Increased slavery, wealth gap grew, caste system like India, patriarchal, flourishing trade | 5 | |
| 7963940074 | Zoroastrianism | system of religion founded in Persia in the 6th century BC by Zoroastra, holy book = Avesta, main god= Anura Mazda | 6 | |
| 7963940075 | Persian Wars | Two failed attempts by the Persian Empire in the 400s BCE to conquer the Greeks | 7 | |
| 7963940076 | Macedonian Empire | Founded by Phillip II united Greece and conquered Persian Empire, richest empire | 8 | |
| 7963940077 | Alexander the Great | Conquered all of Greece, never lost a battle, watch crash course over him | 9 | |
| 7963940078 | Confusianism | Created by Confucius, focused on political and ethical behaviors, based on behaving appropriately, kindness and the importance of family | 10 | |
| 7963940079 | Doaism | Critic of confusionism, founder- laozi, believed that human striving brings chaos, advanced education, act selfless and live simply | 11 | |
| 7963940080 | Legalism | Developed during 4 BCE by Shang Yang, stressed the importance of agriculture and the military, believed in strict punishments, ended period of warring states | 12 | |
| 7963940081 | Qin Dynasty | With legalism = strongest state, established centralized rule, created a highway system, burning of literature | 13 | |
| 7963940082 | Han Dynasty | After first empires death, Han zhou became first emporer, patriarchal | 14 | |
| 7963940083 | Trade in India | Luxury goods, political and military links brought India into transcontinental trade from China to Mediterranean | 15 | |
| 7963940084 | Magadha kingdom | In India, located on Ganges river, led by Ashoka who conquered kingdoms south, collapsed due to financial problems | 16 | |
| 7963940085 | Gupta Empire | Golden Age of India, decentralized, restored Hinduism, based in Magadha, formed under alliances, discovered 0, collapsed after weakening of money and resources after nomadic invasions from the White Huns | 17 | |
| 7963940086 | Ashoka | Indian, Leader of Magadha, issued imperial decrees, centralized government, spread agriculture and Buddhism | 18 | |
| 7963940087 | India society and caste system | Patriarchal, women had some power in homes, very strict social order | 19 | |
| 7963940088 | India religion | Three major religions: Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism | 20 | |
| 7963940089 | Jainism | Preached non violence, everything has a soul, popular to lower caste members | 21 | |
| 7963940090 | Bactria | Promoted trade, linked India to Central Asia, intense cultural and commercial exchange, conquered by kushans | 22 | |
| 7963940091 | Kushans | Conquered bactrians, allowed trade across empire, spread Buddhism | 23 | |
| 7963940092 | Minonians | First Greeks, on Crete island, largest city was Knossos, developed alphabet, trades across Mediterranean, fell due to natural disasters and invasion | 24 | |
| 7963940093 | Mycenae | After Minoans and developed their alphabet, in Greece, engaged in war with Troy and collapsed | 25 | |
| 7963940094 | Spartans | Militaristic society, fought with Athenians | 26 | |
| 7963940095 | Greek society and culture | Promotes commercial and economic organizations, patriarchal, slavery was common, olympics, cults | 27 | |
| 7963940096 | Etruscans | Credited w the development and expansion of Rome | 28 | |
| 7963940097 | The Roman Empire | Over three etruscans, 2 consuls lead the republic for 6 month terms, the senates advised and elected consuls, created the twelve tables (laws) | 29 | |
| 7963940098 | Roman expansion | Had established control over politics, economics and military; this lead to rivalry | 30 | |
| 7963940099 | Carthage | Greek, originally a phonecian colony | 31 | |
| 7963940100 | Roman classes | Patriticians (elite) and pleabians (less) | 32 | |
| 7963940101 | Pax Romana | Period of peace in Rome, lasted 250 years, roads and bridges built, cities grew, women gained more rights, slavery = 1/3 pop | 33 | |
| 7964037975 | Judiasm | First monotheistic religion, Torah is the holy book, yaweh is the god, not popular because they were surrounded by so many polytheistic religions | 34 | |
| 7964037976 | Christianity | Appealed to lower class because of fair chance At afterlife, in Jerusalem, not pop because it was mono surrounded by poly | 35 | |
| 7964037977 | Buddhism | India, god was Buddha / Gautama, 4 noble truths with 8 fold path, desire = root of all evil | 36 | |
| 7964037978 | Hinduism | Excluded lower caste, polytheistic, originated in India, moral law code: darma, had moshka: balance | 37 |
AP World History 6 Flashcards
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| 5003366611 | Gupta | The second Indian dynasty. They had lots of connections to merchants in Europe | 0 | |
| 5003366612 | Mauryan | Biggest dynasty in northern India around four B.C.E. Ashoka Maurya was the best of their leaders | 1 | |
| 5003366613 | Pax Sinica | Chinese piece during the rule of Han Wudi | 2 | |
| 5003366614 | Jainism | And early religion that tells us animals are possessed by a soul of a human | 3 | |
| 5003366615 | Caste System | Social classes in early India | 4 | |
| 5003366616 | Varnas | Skin color | 5 | |
| 5003366617 | Shihuangdi | "First emperor" | 6 | |
| 5003366618 | Qin | The dynasty that United China by means of war. They establish great things like the Chinese script, standardizing money, and improving canals and roads. | 7 | |
| 5003366619 | Han | The dynasty that took over the Quins. This rule also had the Pax Sinica | 8 | |
| 5003366620 | Silk roads | Crossroads use for transporting goods from Asia. Connected Rome, Mesopotamia, Persia, India and China | 9 | |
| 5003366621 | Great wall | The wall around china keeping the northern nomads out | 10 | |
| 5003366622 | Confucius | Founder of Confucianism | 11 |
Flashcards
AP World History CH.2 Flashcards
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| 7425253461 | Gilgamesh | 5th king of Urk City; 2750 B.C.E | 0 | |
| 7425255165 | Mesopotamia | The land between the rivers; Tigris and Euphrates | 1 | |
| 7425258615 | Tigris and Euphrates rivers | Brought large volumes of water; one of 4 river valleys | 2 | |
| 7425258616 | Sumerians | People who inhabited the land in sixth millennium; irrigation networks | 3 | |
| 7425260824 | Semitic | migrants from other regions; spoke tongues | 4 | |
| 7425263079 | Phoenician | Language spoke in the Semitic family languages | 5 | |
| 7425266898 | Ziggurats | Pyramids that housed temples | 6 | |
| 7425268684 | Sargon of Akkad | A city near Kish and Babylon; seized trade routes and natural resources ; gradually collapsed | 7 | |
| 7425268685 | Hammurabi | Centralizes the bureaucracy and regulates taxation | 8 | |
| 7425273069 | Lex Talionis | A latin phrase that means the law of retaliaton | 9 | |
| 7425273070 | Assyrians | Hardy people from northern Mesopotamia ; built state in the tigris rivers | 10 | |
| 7425276007 | Nebuchadnezzar | King from 600 to 550 B.C.E; lavished wealth and on his city | 11 | |
| 7425278033 | Metallurgy | Pottery, textile manufacture,woodworking,leather production, brick making, stone cutting, and masonry; Science and technology | 12 | |
| 7425280432 | Cuneiform | Sumerian writing also known as.. In latin meaning "wedged shaped" | 13 | |
| 7425284026 | Hebrews/Israelites/Jews | collection of sacred writing. Speakers,form a branch of hebrews and kingdom of Judah | 14 | |
| 7425284027 | Monotheism | only one god | 15 | |
| 7425286636 | Indo-European | Tribal groups from southern Russia, languages such as Basque,Finnish and Hungarian | 16 | |
| 7425288395 | Hittites | Most influential Indo-European; Migrated from central Plain of Anatolia; Built powerful kingdoms | 17 | |
| 7425288396 | War Chariots | Technology (Horse, two wheeled vehicle in war) Chariots (spokes) and iron metallurgy | 18 | |
| 7425291733 | Xinjiang | Western Chinese Providence | 19 |
AP World History Ways of the World Chapter 1 Flashcards
Terms from Ways of the World Chapter 1
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| 9868266772 | Venus Figurines | Paleolithic carvings of female form, often with exaggerated breasts, buttocks, hips and stomachs, which may have had religious significance. |  | 0 |
| 9868266773 | Trance Dance | In San culture, a nightlong ritual held to activate a human being's inner spiritual potency (n/um) to counteract evil influences of gods and ancestors. Common to the Khoisan people. | 1 | |
| 9868266774 | Shaman | In early societies, a person believed to have the ability to act as a bridge between living humans and supernatural forces, often by means of trances induced by pyschoactive drugs. | 2 | |
| 9868266775 | Paleolithic "settling down" | The process by which some Paleolithic peoples moved toward permanent settlement in the wake of the last Ice Age. Settlement was marked by increasing storage of food and accumulation of goods as well as growing inequalities in society. | 3 | |
| 9868266776 | "The original affluent society" | Term coined by scholar Marshall Sahlins in 1972 to describe Paleolithic societies which he regarded as affluent not because of having too much, but because they wanted and needed so little. | 4 | |
| 9868266777 | Megafaunal Extinction | Dying out of a large number of animal species, including the mammoth and several species of horses and camels, that occured around 11,000-10,000 years ago, at the end of the Ice Age. | 5 | |
| 9868266778 | Dreamtime | A native Australian Aborigines' belief; Dreamtime is a place beyond time and space in which the past, present, and future exist wholly as one. Tribes-people could enter this alternate universe through dreams or various states of altered consciousness, as well as death, Dreamtime being considered the final destination before reincarnation. | 6 | |
| 9868266779 | Clovis Culture | The earliest widespread and distinctive culture of N. America; distinctive because they hunted large animals; Mammoth, Bison. named from a particular kind of projectile point (See image) |  | 7 |
| 9868266780 | Austronesian Migrations | The last phase of the great human migration that established a human presence in every habitable region on Earth. These people settled in the Pacific Islands and Madagascar in a series of seaborne migrations that began around 3500 years ago. | 8 | |
| 9868266781 | Banpo | A Chinese archeological site where the remains of a significant Neolithic village have been found |  | 9 |
| 9868266782 | Bantu Migration | The spread of Bantu-speaking peoples from their homeland in what is now southern Nigeria or Cameroon to most of Africa in a process that started ca. 3000 BCE and continued for several millennia. | 10 | |
| 9868266783 | Catalhuyuk | A settlement in present day southern Turkey, which existed from approximately 7500 BC to 5700 BC, and flourished around 7000BC. It is the largest and best-preserved Neolithic site found to date. |  | 11 |
| 9868266784 | Chiefdom | A societal grouping governed by a chief who typically relies on generosity, ritual status, or charisma rather than force to win obedience from the people. | 12 | |
| 9868266785 | Diffusion | The gradual spread of agricultural techniques without extensive population movement. | 13 | |
| 9868266786 | Fertile Crescent | Region sometimes known as Southwest Asia that includes the modern states of Iraq, Syria, Israel/Palestine, and southern Turkey; the earliest home of agriculture. |  | 14 |
| 9868266787 | Pastoral Society | A human society that relies on domesticated animals rather than plants as the main source of food; lead their animals to seasonal grazing grounds rather than settling permanently in a single location. | 15 | |
| 9868266788 | "Secondary Products Revolution" | A term used to describe the series of technological changes that began ca. 4000 BCE, as people began to develop new uses for their domesticated animals, exploiting a new source of power. | 16 | |
| 9868266789 | Teosinte | The wild ancestor of maize. |  | 17 |
| 9868266790 | Ishi | was the last member of the Yahi, a group of the Yana people of the U.S. state of California. Widely acclaimed in his time as the "last wild Indian" in America, Ishi lived most of his life completely outside modern culture. At about 49 years of age, in 1911, he emerged from "the wild" near Oroville, California, leaving his ancestral homeland. |  | 18 |
| 9868266791 | Göbekli Tepe | A ceremonial site (in modern day Turkey) of a hunting and gathering society. This type of structure is normally only associated with agricultural societies |  | 19 |
| 9868266792 | In what ways did Paleolithic societies differ from each other? How did they change over time? | ... | 20 | |
| 9868266793 | The Agricultural Revolution marked a decisive turning point in human history. What evidence might you offer to support this claim? How might you argue against it? | ... | 21 | |
| 9868266794 | How did early agricultural societies differ from those of the Paleolithic era? | ... | 22 | |
| 9868266795 | Was the Agricultural Revolution inevitable? Why did it occur so late in the story of human kind? | ... | 23 | |
| 9868266796 | The Agricultural Revolution provide evidence for "progress in human affairs" How would you evaluate this statement? | ... | 24 |
AP World Chapter 1 Flashcards
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| 7795529038 | Paleolithic Age | The Old Stone Age ending in 12,000 B.C.E.; typified by use of evolving stone tools and hunting and gathering for subsistence. | 0 | |
| 7795529039 | Homo sapiens sapiens | The species of humanity that emerged as most successful at the end of the Paleolithic. | 1 | |
| 7795529040 | Neolithic Age | The New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished. | 2 | |
| 7795529041 | Neolithic revolution | The succession of technological innovations and changes in human organization that led to the development of agriculture, 8500-3500 B.C.E. | 3 | |
| 7795529042 | Hunting and gathering | Means of obtaining subsistence by humans before the mastery of sedentary agriculture; normally typical of tribal social organization. | 4 | |
| 7795529043 | Çatal Hüyük | Early urban culture based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern southern Turkey; larger in population than Jericho, had greater degree of social stratification. | 5 | |
| 7795529044 | Bronze Age | From 4000 to 3000 B.C.E.; increased use of plow, metalworking; development of wheeled vehicles, writing. | 6 | |
| 7795529045 | Nomads | Cattle- and sheep-herding societies normally found on the fringes of civilized societies; commonly referred to as "barbarian" by civilized societies. | 7 |
AP World History: Packet D, Module 11 Flashcards
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| 8210773863 | Three Field (Equal Field) System | A rotational system for agriculture in which two fields grow food crops and one lies fallow. It gradually replaced the two-field system (leaving half the land fallow annually) in medieval Europe. -Alternate wheat and rye with oats, barley, or legumes -In Tang, emperor could allocate arable land to people fairly | 0 | |
| 8210773864 | Black Death | An outbreak of bubonic plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe in the mid-fourteenth century, carrying off vast numbers of persons. -Originated in inner Asia, spread west with Mongol armies -Triggered social changes by peasants in W. Europe | 1 | |
| 8210773865 | Waru Waru Agriculture | An agricultural technique that was developed in South America. It consists of raised beds and irrigation to prevent soil erosion from doing damage during floods. This technique helps to collect water, but at the same time, drain it so that it will not be affected by brutal floods. | 2 | |
| 8210773866 | Chinampa System | Type of Mesoamerican agriculture which used small, rectangular areas of fertile arable land to grow crops on the shallow lake beds in the Valley of Mexico. -artificial islands that were created by interweaving reeds with stakes beneath the lake's surface, creating underwater fences. A buildup of soil and aquatic vegetation would be piled into these "fences" until the top layer of soil was visible on the water's surface. | 3 | |
| 8210773867 | Terrace Farming | Method of growing crops on sides of hills or mountains by planting on graduated terraces built into the slope by Incas | 4 | |
| 8210773868 | Junk | A very large flat bottom sailing ship produced in the Tang, Song, and Ming Empires, specially designed for long-distance commercial travel. -Stern-mounted rudder improved the steering of the large ship in uneasy seas, and watertight bulkheads helped keep it afloat in emergencies -Shipwrights of the Persian Gulf soon copied these features in their ship designs | 5 | |
| 8210773869 | Gunpowder | A mixture of saltpeter, sulfur, and charcoal, in various proportions. The formula, brought to China in the 400s or 500s, was first used to make fumigators to keep away insect pests and evil spirits. In later centuries it was used to make explosives and grenades and to propel cannonballs, shot, and bullets. -Experimented with by the Song in order to counter cavalry assaults -Initially used to propel clusters of flaming gunpowder -Wars against Jurchens, destructive short-range shells | 6 | |
| 8210773870 | Neo-Confucianism | Song and later versions of Confucian thought -Eased conflict between Buddhism and Confucianism -Li: spiritual presence similar to universal spirit in Hinduism and Buddhism -Sage: human ideal, preserve mental stability and serenity while dealing with troubling social issues | 7 | |
| 8210773871 | Zen/Chan Buddhism | The Japanese word for a branch of Mahayana Buddhism based on highly disciplined meditation. It is known in Sanskrit as dhyana, in Chinese as Chan, and in Korean as Son. -Mental discipline alone could win salvation | 8 | |
| 8210773872 | Movable Type | Type in which each individual character is cast on a separate piece of metal. It eventually replaced woodblock printing, allowing for the arrangement of individual letters and other characters on a page, rather than requiring the carving of entire pages at a time. Although China had an early form of moveable type in the eleventh century, Koreans invented durable, metal moveable type in the thirteenth century that may have influenced later print technology in China. -Mass production of test prep books in Song era | 9 | |
| 8210773873 | Son Buddhism | Exposed to Korea by Koryo kings that frequently traveled between Yuan China and Korea | 10 | |
| 8210773874 | Noh Theatre | This slow, rhythmic, chanted form of drama appealed to the military elite with its stories of warriors, women, gods, and demons. The minimal stage is normally bare except for a painting at the rear of a pine tree, symbolizing the means by which deities descend to earth. The actors wear masks and lavish costumes. Four instrumentalists playing flutes and three types of drums punctuate the chanting. -Established in Ashikaga era by Zen Buddhist beliefs held by warrior elite under prosperous times of new Ashikaga Shogunate | 11 | |
| 8210773875 | Thomas Aquinas | Influential Dominican theologian that argued that although both men and women were created in God's image, there was a sense in which "the image of God is found in man, and not in woman: for man is the beginning and end of woman; as God is the beginning and end of every creature." | 12 | |
| 8210773876 | 'Canterbury Tales" | Written by English poet Geoffrey Chaucer about rich millers that aroused jealousy of their neighbirs | 13 | |
| 8210773877 | Medici Family | Wealthy Florentine family that operated banks in London, Flanders, and Italy -Controlled government in Florence and commissioned artworks | 14 | |
| 8210773878 | Patron | Encouraging and financially supporting an artist | 15 | |
| 8210773879 | Gothic Cathedrals | Large churches originating in twelfth-century France; built in an architectural style featuring pointed arches, tall vaults and spires, flying buttresses, and large stained-glass windows. | 16 | |
| 8210773880 | Flying Buttress | Masonry structure typically consisting of an inclined bar carried on a half arch that extends ("flies") from the upper part of a wall to a pier some distance away and carries the thrust of a roof or vault. -Stabilized high, thin, stone columns below pointed/Gothic arch |  | 17 |
| 8210773881 | Renaissance (Europe) | A period of intense artistic and intellectual activity, said to be a "rebirth" of Greco-Roman culture. Usually divided into an Italian Renaissance, from roughly the mid-fourteenth to mid-fifteenth century, and a Northern (trans-Alpine) Renaissance, from roughly the early fifteenth to early seventeenth century. -Began in northern Italy, spread to N and E Europe | 18 | |
| 8210773882 | University | Degree-granting institutions of higher learning. Those that appeared in Latin Europe from about 1200 onward became the model of all modern universities. | 19 | |
| 8210773883 | Nicolaus Copernicus | Polish-German astronomer that proposed that planets orbited the sun rather than the earth -Conflicted with long-held beliefs that the earth was the center of God's universe -Based ideas mainly on Greek Ptolemy and recent Arabic writings | 20 | |
| 8210773884 | Scholasticism | A philosophical and theological system, associated with Thomas Aquinas, devised to reconcile Aristotelian philosophy and commentaries of Avicenna with Roman Catholic theology in the thirteenth century. | 21 | |
| 8210773885 | Sir Thomas More | English humanist and statesman, chancellor of England, was beheaded for refusing to accept King Henry VIII as head of the Church of England. | 22 | |
| 8210773886 | 'Utopia' | Describes a pagan and communist city-state in which the institutions and policies are entirely governed by reason. The order and dignity of such a state provided a notable contrast with the unreasonable polity of Christian Europe, divided by self-interest and greed for power and riches. | 23 | |
| 8210773887 | 'Summa Theologica' | Written by Thomas Aquinas, his most notable scholastic work | 24 | |
| 8210773888 | 'Divine Comedy' | Long, elegant poem written by Italian Dante Alighieri -Supreme expression of medieval preoccupations tells the allegorical story of Dante's journey through the nine circles of Hell and the seven terraces of Purgatory, followed by his entry into Paradise -Foreshadowed use of Greco-Roman classical themes and mythology in later Italian Renaissance | 25 | |
| 8210773889 | Humanists | European scholars, writers, and teachers associated with the study of the humanities With the brash exaggeration characteristic of new intellectual fashions, humanist writers like the (grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, languages, and moral philosophy), influential in the fifteenth century and later. -Movement was influenced by Dante, began in Florence | 26 | |
| 8210773890 | Erasmus | Dutch scholar of Rotterdam that produced a critical edition of New Testament in Greek -Corrected many errors and mistranslations in the Latin text that had been in general use throughout the Middle Ages -wrote (in classical Latin) influential moral guides, including the Enchiridion militis christiani (The Manual of the Christian Knight, 1503) and The Education of a Christian Prince (1515). | 27 | |
| 8210773891 | Printing Press | A mechanical device for transferring text or graphics from a woodblock or type to paper using ink. Presses using movable type first appeared in Europe in about 1450. | 28 | |
| 8210773892 | Johann Gutenberg | Printed the Gutenberg Bible of 1454 (first book in West printed from movable type) | 29 | |
| 8210773893 | Giotto | Florentine painter that single-handedly revived the "lost art of painting" -In religious scenes, he replaced the stiff, staring figures of the Byzantine style, which were intended to overawe viewers, with more natural and human portraits with whose depictions of grief and love viewers could identify. Rather than floating on backgrounds of gold leaf, his saints inhabit earthly landscapes. | 30 | |
| 8210773894 | Jan van Eyck | Flemish painter who mixed his pigments with linseed oil in place of the egg yolk of earlier centuries. Oil paints dried more slowly and gave pictures a superior luster. Italian painters quickly copied van Eyck's technique, though his own masterfully realistic paintings on religious and domestic themes remained distinctive. | 31 | |
| 8210773895 | Leonardo da Vinci | Renaissance artist who used oil paints for his 'Mona Lisa' -Notebooks contained imaginative designs for airplanes, submarines, and tanks | 32 | |
| 8210773896 | Michelangelo | Painted frescoes of biblical scenes on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican, sculpted statues of David and Moses, and designed the dome for a new Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome. | 33 | |
| 8212143249 | Urdu | A Persian-influenced literary form of Hindi written in Arabic characters and used as a literary language since the 1300s. | 34 | |
| 8212143250 | William Shakespeare | Literary genius in England that was inspired by the Renaissance | 35 | |
| 8212143251 | Shintoism | Japan's ethnic religion that focuses on the belief that spiritual powers manifest in natural places such as mountains, rivers, and other aspects of nature including people and animals | 36 | |
| 8212143252 | Porcelain | In China, porcelain is defined as pottery that is resonant when struck. In the West, it is a material that is translucent when held to the light. | 37 | |
| 8212143253 | Ayllu | Andean lineage group or kin-based community. -Foundation of Andean achievement -Members held land communally, were obligated to aid each other -Provided the model for labor organization and goods distribution at every level of Andean society | 38 | |
| 8212143254 | Liao Empire of the Khitan People | One of the three new states that emerged after Tang Dynasty and extended from Siberia to Inner Asia -Prided themselves on pastoral traditions, didn't bother with single elite culture, supported Mahayana Buddhism -Most powerful Asian empire at the time, largest army in East Asia, challenged Song | 39 | |
| 8212143255 | Tanggut State | State established by Minyak people on Inner Asian frontier in NW China -Supported Tibetan Buddhism | 40 | |
| 8212143256 | Song Empire | Empire in central and southern China (960- 1126) while the Liao people controlled the north. Empire in southern China (1127-1279; the "Southern Song") while the Jin people controlled the north. Distinguished for its advances in technology, medicine, astronomy, and mathematics. | 41 | |
| 8212143257 | Jurchens | People of NE Asia that also resented Liao rule -Allied with Song that tired of paying tribute and destroyed Liao capital in Mongolia, proclaiming Jin empire, and betrayed Song -Clashed with Song, destroying Song capital of Kaifeng and capturing Song emperor | 42 | |
| 8212143258 | Jin | Empire established by Jurchens | 43 | |
| 8212143259 | Hangzhou | New capital of Song after Song retreat south of Yellow River -Left central and northern China in Jurchen control after conflicts | 44 | |
| 8212143260 | Koryo | King were protected by Choe family tyrants -King surrendered to Mongols, became subject monarch by linking his family to the Great Khan by marriage. -Kings were mostly Mongol and favored Mongol culture | 45 | |
| 8212143261 | Yi Songgye | Rebellious general that forced the Koryo ruling family to recognize the new Ming Empire -Established new Choson kingdom with Seoul capital and sought to reestablish distinctive Korean identity | 46 | |
| 8212143262 | Choson Dynasty | Ruled Korea from the fall of the Koryo kingdom to the colonization of Korea by Japan. -Publicly rejected period of Mongol domination -Continued to employ Mongol-style land surveys, taxation in kind, and military garrison techniques | 47 | |
| 8212143263 | Han'gul | Phonetic writing system of Korea | 48 | |
| 8212143264 | Kamakura Shogunate | Controlled most of the three islands (Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu) of central Japan -Had stable, decentralized government when attacked by Mongols | 49 | |
| 8212143265 | Kamikaze | The "divine wind," which the Japanese credited with blowing Mongol invaders away from their shores in 1281. | 50 | |
| 8212143266 | Ashikaga Shogunate | The second of Japan's military governments headed by a shogun (a military ruler). Sometimes called the Muromachi Shogunate. -Took control at Kyoto, imperial center -Established after civil war started by emperor Go-Daigo wanting power back from shoguns | 51 | |
| 8212143267 | Dai Viet | Northern Vietnam (once called Annam) -Heavily influenced by Chinese politics and culture -After the Ming withdrawal, conquered Champa, establishing a unified state on both Confucian and local practices. | 52 | |
| 8212143268 | Champa Kingdom | Southern Vietnam, heavily influenced by Indian culture -Started trade + tribute relationship with China that spread Champa rice throughout East Asia | 53 | |
| 8212143269 | Wat Tyler | Led a large revolt of peasants and craftsmen in London, calling for an end to serfdom, obligations to landowners, and murder of archbishop of Canterbury and other officials | 54 | |
| 8212143270 | Timbuktu | City on the Niger River in the modern country of Mali. It was founded by the Tuareg as a seasonal camp sometime after 1000. As part of the Mali Empire, Timbuktu became a major terminus of the trans-Saharan trade and a center of Islamic learning | 55 | |
| 8212143271 | Altepetl | An ethnic state in ancient Mesoamerica led by tlatoani (ruler), the common political building block of that region. -Directed collective religious, sodial, and political obligations of ethnic group -Ex. Mexica during push into central Mexico after Toltec collapse | 56 | |
| 8212143272 | Calpolli | A group of up to a hundred families that served as a social building block of an altepetl in ancient Mesoamerica. -Controlled land allocation, tax collection, and local religious life | 57 | |
| 8212143273 | Mi'ta | Andean (Incan) labor system based on shared obligations to help kinsmen and work on behalf of rulers or religious organizations. -Communities sent workers for building projects or for labor on state and religious land | 58 | |
| 8212239291 | Flying Money | Name for intercity/interregional credit by Song -Depended on the acceptance of guarantees that the paper could be redeemed for coinage at another location. The public accepted the practice because credit networks tended to be managed by families, so that brothers and cousins were usually honoring each other's certificates. | 59 | |
| 8212239292 | Hanseatic League | In northern Europe, an association of trading cities traded extensively in the Baltic, including the coasts of Prussia, newly conquered by German knights. Their merchants ranged eastward to Novgorod in Russia and westward across the North Sea to London. | 60 | |
| 8212239293 | Guild | In medieval Europe, brought together craft specialists, such as silversmiths, or merchants working in a particular trade and banded together to promote their economic and political interests. Guilds were also important in other societies, such as the Ottoman and Safavid Empires. -Denied membership to outsiders and Jews, protected interests of families -Perpetuated male dominance of most skilled jobs | 61 | |
| 8212239294 | Footbinding | First appeared among slave dancers at the Tang court, didn't become widespread until the Song -Bindings forced the toes under and toward the heel, so that the bones eventually broke and the woman could not walk on her own -Condemned by many literate men, but became a status symbol -Was only practiced by Chinese elites, not working women and indigenous people of the south | 62 | |
| 8221267818 | Sati | Upper-caste widow throwing herself on her husband's funeral pyre -Remained a meritorious act strongly approved by social custom -Strictly optional | 63 |
AP World History Terms Flashcards
"Non-History" Terms that Students Should Know & AP World History Jargon
Terms : Hide Images
| 9951315425 | Analyze / Analysis | Definition: (verb) examine methodically and in detail the constitution or structure of (something, especially information), typically for purposes of explanation and interpretation / (noun) this process as a method of studying the nature of something or of determining its essential features and their relations | 0 | |
| 9951315426 | Continuities | Definition: the unbroken and consistent existence or operation of something over a period of time | 1 | |
| 9951315427 | Changes | Definition: to make the form, nature, content, future course, etc., of (something) different from what it is or from what it would be if left alone | 2 | |
| 9951315428 | Similarities | Definition: the state of being similar; likeness; resemblance; an aspect, trait, or feature like or resembling another or another's | 3 | |
| 9951315429 | Differences | Definition: the state or relation of being different; dissimilarity | 4 | |
| 9951315430 | Action | Definition: the process or state of being active | 5 | |
| 9951315431 | Attitudes | Definition: manner, disposition, feeling, position, etc., with regard to a person or thing; tendency or orientation, especially of the mind | 6 | |
| 9951315432 | Cause | Definition: a person or thing that gives rise to an action, phenomenon, or condition; a principle, aim, or movement that, because of a deep commitment, one is prepared to defend or advocaate | 7 | |
| 9951315433 | Commerce | Definition: an interchange of goods or commodities, especially on a large scale between different countries (foreign commerce) or between different parts of the same country (domestic commerce) trade; business | 8 | |
| 9951315434 | Consequences | Definition: a result or effect of an action or condition | 9 | |
| 9951315435 | Abolition | Definition: the action or an act of formally putting an end to a system, practice, or institution Significance: The abolition movement was the campaign against slavery and the slave trade. Time Period: In 1807, Britain became the first European power to abolish the slave trade. In 1833, parliament passed a law banning slavery in all British colonies. Region: Britain, France, and the United States | 10 | |
| 9951315436 | Absolutism | Definition: the acceptance of or belief in total principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters Significance: A ruler with complete authority over the government and lives of the people he or she governs | 11 | |
| 9951315437 | Administer/ -stration | Definition: (verb) manage and be responsible for the running of (a business, organization, etc.) / (noun) the activity of a government or state in the exercise of its power | 12 | |
| 9951315438 | Afro- | Definition: a prefix meaning African | 13 | |
| 9951315439 | Agrarian | Definition: of or relating to cultivated land or the cultivation of land Significance: agrarian societies is any society based around producing and maintaining crops and farmland Time period: the transition to agricultural (agrarian) societies from hunter-gatherer societies is known as the Neolithic Revolution. This takes place as early as 10,000 BCE. Region: Agrarian societies took place all around the world but may have differed in time of origin | 14 | |
| 9951315440 | Amer- | Definition: a prefix meaning American | 15 | |
| 9951315441 | Anarchism | Definition: a political theory holding all forms of governmental authority to be unnecessary and undesirable and advocating a society based on voluntary cooperation and free association of individuals and groups Time Period: 1642 (the first known use of Anarchism) | 16 | |
| 9951315442 | Ancient | Definition: belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence | 17 | |
| 9951315443 | Anti-Semitism | Definition: hostility or prejudice against Jews Significance/Time Period/Region: By the late 1000s, Western Europe had become more christianized, and prejudice against Jews increased. When faced with disasters they could not understand (such as illness or famine), Christians often blamed Jews. (Example: Black Death / Bubonic Plague). Anti-Semitism was present and strongly influential during the Middle Ages in Europe. | 18 | |
| 9951315444 | Appeasement | Definition: policy of giving in to an aggressor's demands in order to keep the peace. Significance/ Time Period/ Region: Around the 1930s, Western democracies declared Hitler's actions evil and wrong but they took no real action. Instead, they gave into his demands in order to keep the peace. | 19 | |
| 9951315445 | Arable | Definition: (of land) used or suitable for growing crops | 20 | |
| 9951315446 | Archaeology | Definition: the study of people and cultures through their material remains Significance: Archaeologists find and analyze remains (such as: buildings and artifacts (such as: tools, weapons, pottery, clothing, and jewelry)) to learn about life during prehistory (period of time before written records) as well as during historical times. This helps them draw conclusions about the beliefs, values, and activities of our ancestors. | 21 | |
| 9951315447 | Archaic | Definition: very old or old-fashioned | 22 | |
| 9951315448 | -Archy | Definition: suffix meaning form of government or rule | 23 | |
| 9951315449 | Argue / Argument | Definition: (verb) give reasons or cite evidence in support of an idea, action, or theory, typically with the aim of persuading others to share one's view / (noun) an exchange of diverging or opposite views, typically a heated or angry one; a reason or set of reasons given with the aim of persuading others that an action or idea is right or wrong | 24 | |
| 9951315450 | Aristocracy | Definition: government headed by a privileged minority or upper class Significance/ Time Period/ Region: Between 750 BCE and 500 BCE, different forms of government were evolving in Greece. While Greece started off as a monarchy (in which a hereditary ruler exercises central power), at first a class of noble landowners defended the king. Over time, they won power for themselves resulting in an aristocracy. | 25 | |
| 9951315451 | Atheism | Definition: belief that there is no god. Significance/ Time Period/ Region: In Russia in the 1930s, the Communist party also tried to strengthen its hold on the minds of the people by destroying their religious faith. The belief that there is no god became an official state policy. | 26 | |
| 9951315452 | Asceticism | Definition: severe self-discipline and avoidance of all forms of indulgence, typically for religious reasons | 27 | |
| 9951315453 | Authoritarian / -ism | Definition: (adj.) favoring or enforcing strict obedience to authority, especially that of the government, at the expense of personal freedom / a form of government characterized by absolute or blind obedience to authority, as against individual | 28 | |
| 9951315454 | Balance of Power | Definition: distribution of military and economic power that prevents any one nation from becoming too strong Significance/ Time Period/ Region: When Louis XIV ruled France around the late 1600s, rival rulers joined forces. Lead by the Dutch or English, these alliances fought to maintain the balance of power. | 29 | |
| 9951315455 | Balance of Trade | Definition: difference between how much a country imports and how much it export; favorable if exports are greater than imports/ unfavorable if exports are less than imports Significance/ Time Period/ Region: For centuries, China had a favorable balance of trade with other countries. But by the 1800s, Western nations used their growing power to tilt the balance of trade with East Asia in their favor. | 30 | |
| 9951315456 | Barbarian | Definition: an uncivilized person; a person without culture, refinement, or education | 31 | |
| 9951315457 | Bureaucracy | Definition: system of government that includes different job functions and levels of authority; the body of officials and administrators, especially of a government | 32 | |
| 9951315458 | Border (national) | Definition: the line that separates two diplomatic regions (country, state, province, etc.); frontier line (national) that separates two countries | 33 | |
| 9951315459 | Bourgeoisie | Definition: the middle class; (in Marxist theory) the class that is primarily concerned with property values | 34 | |
| 9951315460 | Capital | Definition: the city or town that is the official seat of government in a country, state, etc. | 35 | |
| 9951315461 | Capitol | Definition: the building in Washington D.C. used by the congress of the U.S. for its sessions. A building occupied by a state legislature | 36 | |
| 9951315462 | Capitulate | Definition: to surrender unconditionally or on stipulated terms | 37 | |
| 9951315463 | Cartel | Definition: a coalition of competitors that form a trust to regulate or raise prices of a product in some field of business | 38 | |
| 9951315464 | Casualty | Definition: a member of the military lost to service through death or another condition | 39 | |
| 9951315465 | Causation | Definition: the action of causing or producing; a cause that produces an effect | 40 | |
| 9951315466 | Celibacy / Celibate | Definition: abstention from sexual relations / someone who abstains from sexual relations | 41 | |
| 9951315467 | Central / -centric | Definition: at or near the center; principal; dominate | 42 | |
| 9951315468 | Circa (c. ca.) | Definition: around or approximately referring to a date (used when a date or dates of events are not precisely known) | 43 | |
| 9951315469 | City-State | Definition: A state consisting of a chief city and its dependencies | 44 | |
| 9951315470 | Citizen | Definition: A native or naturalized member of a state or nation who owes allegiance to its government and is entitled to its protection | 45 | |
| 9951315471 | Civilization | Definition: a complex society that has social structure, a stable food supply, religion, government, writing, culture, and technology | 46 | |
| 9951315472 | Chauvinism | Definition: aggressive patriotism or blind enthusiasm for military glory or the denigration, disparagement, and patronization of either sex based on the belief tat one sex is inferior to the other and thus deserving of less than equal treatment or benefit | 47 | |
| 9951315473 | Chivalry | Definition: rules and customs of medieval knighthood | 48 | |
| 9951315474 | Class Struggle, Classical | Definition: the conflict between different social classes in the classical era (500 BCE to 500 CE). This was the time when empires were rising and more and more people were being sold into slavery, as well as there being a larger divide between the rich, ruling elite, and the common farmer, who produced food for everyone | 49 | |
| 9951315475 | Coerce / Coercive | Definition: (verb) compelling or convincing a person of an argument by force / (adjective) something that convinces a person of an argument by force | 50 | |
| 9951315476 | Coincidence, Colony, Colonial | Definition: a colony that was formed by accident or unintentionally | 51 | |
| 9951315477 | Columbian Exchange | Definition: the network of trade routes between Europe, the Americas, and Africa that brought new plants, animals, diseases, and technologies to those different areas | 52 | |
| 9951315478 | Communal, communism | Definition: the complete sharing of goods and property among all people within a dwelling or commune. Everyone contributes what they can and then they take only what they need from the communal stock pile | 53 | |
| 9951315479 | Conjuncture, Conscript /-ion | Definition: to bring together to compel into service / a required bringing together | 54 | |
| 9951315480 | Conservative | Definition: a person that is more moderate or inflexible about certain beliefs or principles | 55 | |
| 9951315481 | Constitutionalism | Definition: beliefs or practices that support a constitution or a fundamental body of law | 56 | |
| 9951315482 | Consumer / ism | Definition: a person that uses a product or service (in the economy) / the practice of consuming goods and protecting people from dangerous products | 57 | |
| 9951315483 | Conflate, Consumer | Definition: someone who combines the use of products or services | 58 | |
| 9951315484 | Anarchy | Definition: a state of disorder due to absence or nonrecognition of authority; absence of government and absolute freedom of the individual, regarded as a political ideal Time Period: 1642 (the first known use of Anarchism) | 59 | |
| 9951315485 | Capitalism | An economic system in which investment in ownership of companies, corporations, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained by the private sector and corporations; economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and operated for profit | 60 |
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