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AP World History: Ancient Egypt (Unit 1) Flashcards

7013658345	What river did people settle around in Egypt? What was the climate like? What did the climate call for?	Nile, hot and dry, irrigation channels	0
7013663314	What are rivers a good source of? What are they subject to?	Water, trade, transportation, fertile soil, food Periodic flooding	1
7013670531	What did Egyptian religion look like? How did we learn from Egypt?	Polytheistic (believed in many gods), through the book of the Dead	2
7013686806	What was mummification?	A process where pharaohs or the wealthy were prepared for afterlife	3
7013705113	What type of government did Egypt have? How so?	Theocracy, a mix of politics and government	4
7013709647	Who created the first dynasty in Egypt?	Narmer	5
7013713046	Who is the most famous Egyptian and what did he do?	King Tutankhamen, divided Egypt into districts with governors	6
7013731241	Who were Ramses I and Ramses II? What did they take control of?	Egyptian leaders who took control for centuries Trade of wood, gold, silver, and valuable stones	7
7013741345	Who was the only female pharaoh?	Hatshepsut	8
7013753507	What Egypt's history divided into? What is the divide marked by?	Old kingdom and new kingdom, marked by the loss of territory to Syria and Palestine	9
7013766086	Who were the Hittites?	People of Syria and Palestine who took land away from Egypt and had iron	10
7013802027	What was the Egyptian writing system?	Hieroglyphics- using pictures on papyrus	11
7013808830	What were four things Egyptians can be credited on being the first?	Conducting surgery, constructing pyramids, sphinxes, and obelisks	12

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Unit 3 600-1450 AP World History Flashcards

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9970689798	Silk Roads	the most famous of the trading routes established by pastoral nomads connecting the European, Indian, and Chinese; transmitted goods and ideas among civilizations	0
9970689799	Black Death	The common name for a major outbreak of plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe in the mid-fourteenth century, carrying off vast numbers of persons.	1
9970689800	Indian Ocean trading network	The world's largest sea-based system of comunication and exchange before 1500 C.E., Indian Ocean commerce stretched from southern China to eastern Africa and included not only the exchange of luxury and bulk goods but also the exchange of ideas and crops.	2
9970689801	Srivijaya	A Malay kingdom that dominated the Straits of Malacca between 600 and 1075 CE. A state based on the Indonesian island of Sumatra, between the seventh and eleventh centuries C.E. It amassed wealth and power by a combination of selective adaptation of Indian technologies and concepts, and control of trade routes.	3
9970689803	Angkor Wat	This place was first a Hindu (dedicated to the god Vishnu), then subsequently a Buddhist, temple complex in Cambodia and the largest religious monument in the world.	4
9970689804	Swahili civilization	an East African civilization that emerged in the 8th century ce from a blending of Bantu, Islamic, and other Indian Ocean trade elements	5
9970689805	Great Zimbabwe	City, now in ruins (in the modern African country of Zimbabwe), whose many stone structures were built between about 1250 and 1450, when it was a trading center and the capital of a large state.	6
9970689806	Sand roads	The system of roads that led across the Sahara desert in Africa.	7
9970689808	Trans-Saharan slave trade	A fairly small-scale trade that developed in the twelfth century C.E., exporting West African slaves captured in raids across the Sahara for sale mostly as household servants in Islamic North Africa; the difficulty of travel across the desert limited the scope of this trade.	8
9970689811	Sui dynasty	The short dynasty between the Han and the Tang; built the Grand Canal, strengthened the government, and introduced Buddhism to China	9
9970689812	Tang dynasty	618-907 CE. Much like the Han using Confucianism. had the equal field system, a bureaucracy based on merit and a Confuciansim education system. Trained strong armies of almost a million troops to fight off nomadic powers from Asia. Made story cultural influence over Korea and Vietnam.	10
9970689813	Song dynasty	During this Chinese dynasty (960 - 1279 AD) China saw many important inventions. There was a magnetic compass; had a navy; traded with india and persia (brought pepper and cotton); paper money, gun powder; landscape black and white paintings	11
9970689815	economic revolution	Economic development of Song; mass production for trade; equal field system	12
9970689816	foot binding	Practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household.	13
9970689817	tribute system	Chinese method of dealing with foreign lands and people's that assumed the subordination of all non-Chinese authorities and required the payment of tribute --produce of value from their countries--to the Chinese emperor(although the Chines gifts given in return were often much more valuable).	14
9970689820	Jurchen	Founders of Qin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of the Yellow River basin and forced Song to flee to south.	15
9970689821	Silla Dynasty	Korean dynasty that resisted Tang for first time. Respected China, performed kowtow, ritual bow to Chinese emperor. Studied Buddhism/Confucianism	16
9970689825	bushido	"the way of the warrior"; Japanese word for the Samurai life ; Samurai moral code was based on loyalty, chivalry, martial arts, and honor until the death	17
9970689826	Chinese Buddhism	China's only large-scale cultural borrowing before the 20th century. Buddhism entered China from India in the first and second centuries C.E but only became popular between 300-800 C.E through a series of cultural accommodations. At first supported by the state, Buddhism suffered persecution during the 9th century but continued to play a role in Chinese society.	18
9970689827	Emperor Wendi	a Chinese general, who secured his Emperor position by killing 59 princes of the Zhou royal house, and founded the Sui Dynasty. Presented himself as a Buddhist Cakravartin King, that is, a monarch who uses military force to defend the Buddhist faith.	19
9970689828	Quran	The holy book of Islam	20
9970689829	umma	The community of all Muslims. A major innovation against the background of seventh-century Arabia, where traditionally kinship rather than faith had determined membership in a community.	21
9970689830	Pillars of Islam	The five core practices required of Muslims: a profession of faith, regular prayer, charitable giving, fasting during Ramadan, and a pilgrimage to Mecca (if physically and financially possible).	22
9970689831	hijra	The Migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in A.D. 622, marking the founding of Islam	23
9970689832	sharia	Body of Islamic law that includes interpretation of the Quran and applies Islamic principles to everyday life	24
9970689833	jizya	tax paid by Christians and Jews who lived in Muslim communities to allow them to continue to practice their own religion	25
9970689834	ulama	Muslim religious scholars. From the ninth century onward, the primary interpreters of Islamic law and the social core of Muslim urban societies.	26
9970689835	Umayyad Caliphate	(661-750 CE) The Islamic caliphate that established a capital at Damascus, conquered North Africa, the Iberian Pennisula, Southwest Asia, and Persia, and had a bureaucracy with only Arab Muslims able to be a part of it.	27
9970689836	Abbasid Caliphate	(750-1258 CE) The caliphate, after the Umayyads, who focused more on administration than conquering. Had a bureaucracy that any Mulim could be a part of.	28
9970689837	Sufism	A branch of Islam, defined by adherents as the inner, mystical dimension of Islam; others contend that it is a perennial philosophy of existence that pre-dates religion, the expression of which flowered within Islam	29
9970689838	al-Ghazali	Brilliant Islamic theologian; struggled to fuse Greek and Qur'anic traditions; not entirely accepted by ulama	30
9970689839	Sikhism	the doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam	31
9970689840	Ibn Battuta	(1304-1369) Morrocan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan. His writings gave a glimpse into the world of that time period.	32
9970689841	Timbuktu	Mali trading city that became a center of wealth and learning	33
9970689842	Mansa Musa	Ruler of Mali (r. 1312-1337). His extravagant pilgrimage through Egypt to Mecca in 1324-1325 established the empire's reputation for wealth in the Mediterranean world.	34
9970689843	al-Anadalus	Muslim kingdom in southern Spain, established in 756	35
9970689844	madrassas	Formal colleges for higher institutions in the teaching of Islam as well as in secular subjects founded throughout the Islamic world in beginning in the 11th century	36
9970689845	House of Wisdom	Combination library, academy, and translation center in Baghdad established in the 800s.	37
9970689846	Ibn Sinna	He was one of the most famous doctors of all times. He read the works of Hippocrates and Galen and improved them, by adding more accurate descriptions. He also created anatomical charts using newly invented surgical tools. His text "Cannon of Medicine" (aka "Code of Laws in Medicine") was reference source for doctors for hundreds of years following his death.	38
9970689847	Nubian Christianity	Christianity was introduced by traders and missionaries. Preserved Christianity for 600 years.	39
9970689849	Ethiopian Christianity (aka Coptic church)	Rulers of axum had adopted Christianity. Christian island in a Muslim sea protected by its moutanous geography and distance from major centers of islamic power. Also helped muhammad's followers be safe. This isolation made it develop a fascination with judaism and jerusalem. Justified their rule through a connection with Solomon as a descendent of jesus. Tried to create a new jerusalem	40
9970689850	Byzantine Empire	(330-1453) The eastern half of the Roman Empire, which survived after the fall of the Western Empire at the end of the 5th century C.E. Its capital was Constantinople, named after the Emperor Constantine.	41
9970689851	Constantinople	A large and wealthy city that was the imperial capital of the Byzantine empire and later the Ottoman empire, now known as Istanbul	42
9970689852	Justinian	Byzantine emperor in the 6th century A.D. who reconquered much of the territory previously ruler by Rome, initiated an ambitious building program , including Hagia Sofia, as well as a new legal code	43
9970689853	caesarpapism	a political-religious system where the secular ruler is also the head of the religious establishment (Byzantine Empire)	44
9970689854	Eastern Orthodox Christianity	Eastern branch of Christianity that evolved following the division of the Roman Empire and the subsequent development of the Byzantine Empire in the east and the medieval European society in the west. The church recognized the primacy of the patriarch of Constantinople	45
9970689855	icons	A painting of Christ or another holy figure, used as an aid to devotion in the Byzantine and other Eastern Churches.	46
9970689856	Prince Vladimir of Kiev	converted to Orthodox Christianity, and allowed Byzantine influence in his realm	47
9970689857	Kievan Rus	A monarchy established in present day Russia in the 6th and 7th centuries. It was ruled through loosely organized alliances with regional aristocrats from. The Scandinavians coined the term "Russia". It was greatly influenced by Byzantine	48
9970689858	Charlemagne	King of the Franks (r. 768-814); emperor (r. 800-814). Through a series of military conquests he established the Carolingian Empire, which encompassed all of Gaul and parts of Germany and Italy. Illiterate, though started an intellectual revival.	49
9970689859	Holy Roman Empire	A medieval and early modern central European Germanic empire, which often consisted of hundreds of separate Germanic and Northern Italian states. In reality it was so decentralized that it played a role in perpetuating the fragmentation of central Europe.	50
9970689860	Roman Catholic church	One of three major branches of Christianity, together with the Eastern Orthodox Church, a second of the three major divisions of Christianity, arose out of the division of the Roman empire into four governmental regions. In 1054 CE Christianity was divided along that same line when the Eastern Orthodox, centered in Constantinople, and the ______ ______ ______, centered in Rome, split.	51
9970689861	Western Christendom	Western Europe was on the margins of world history for most of the postclassical millennium; It was far removed from the growing world trade routes; European geography made political unity difficult; Coastlines and river systems facilitated internal exchange;	52
9970689863	Crusades	Armed pilgrimages to the Holy Land by Christians determined to recover Jerusalem from Muslim rule. The Crusades brought an end to western Europe's centuries of intellectual and cultural isolation.	53
9970689864	pastoralism	A type of agricultural activity based on nomadic animal husbandry or the raising of livestock to provide food, clothing, and shelter.	54
9970689866	Turks	6th-10th centuries C.E. •Pastoral ethnic group that originated in northern Eurasia and spread into Central Asia and the Middle East •Had significant cultural and political interactions with China, Persia, Byzantium •Conversion to Islam 10th-14th centuries •Diffused Islam throughout Middle East, India, Anatolia(Turkey)	55
9970689868	Temujin	leader of the largest Mongol clans; he unites them all(plans to conquer Asia); and receives title Genghis Khan(universal ruler)	56
9970689869	the Mongol world	Eurasia, 13th-15th centuries •50-year period of Mongol conquests across Eurasia that created the Mongol empire •Subjected huge populations to Mongol rule •Military strength allowed for rapid conquest •Mongol rule created interactions between diverse groups •Served to diffuse technology, culture, political and economic systems	57
9970689870	Yuan Dynasty	(1279-1368 CE) The dynasty with Mongol rule in China; centralized with bureaucracy but structure is different: Mongols on top->Persian bureaucrats->Chinese bureuacrats.	58
9970689871	Kublai Khan	(1215-1294) Grandson of Genghis Khan and founder of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China.	59
9970689877	Iroquois	A later native group to the eastern woodlands. They blended agriculture and hunting living in common villages constructed from the trees and bark of the forests	60
9970689878	Timur	Sometimes known as Tamerlane, this was the Central Asian leader of a Mongol tribe who attempted to re-establish the Mongol Empire in the late 1300's. His empire included Persia (Iran) and many surrounding lands. He is the great great grandfather of Babur. who later founds the Mughal Empire in India.	61
9970689880	Ming Dynasty	Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China.	62
9970689881	European Renaissance	a "rebirth" of classical learning that is most often associated with the cultural blossoming of Italy is the period 1350-1500 and included Greek learning and growing secularism	63
9970689882	Zheng He	An imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa.	64
9970689883	Ottoman Empire	Islamic state founded by Osman in northwestern Anatolia. After the fall of the Byzantine Empire, the Ottoman Empire was based at Istanbul (formerly Constantinople) from 1453-1922. It encompassed lands in the Middle East, North Africa, the Caucasus, and eastern Europe.	65
9970689884	seizure of Constantinople	Constantinople fell to army of Ottoman sultan Mehmed II "the Conqueror" in 1453, marking end of Christian Byzantium	66
9970689885	Safavid Empire	Turkish-ruled Iranian kingdom (1502-1722) established by Ismail Safavi, who declared Iran a Shi'ite state.	67
9970689886	Songhay Empire	A state located in western Africa. From the early 15th to the late 16th century, it was one of the largest Islamic empires in history.	68
9970689887	Mughal Empire	Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; a minority of Muslims ruled over a majority of Hindus.	69
9970689888	Malacca	Port city in the modern Southeast Asian country of Malaysia, founded about 1400 as a trading center on the Strait of Malacca. Also spelled Melaka.	70
9970689889	Aztec Empire	1325-1500 CE. Also known as Mexica, the Aztecs created a powerful empire in central Mexico. Forced defeated people to provide goods and labor as tax. At its best had complex myth and religious traditions and reached amazing architectural and artistic accomplishments.	71
9970689890	Inca Empire	(1450-1572 CE), Largest Empire ever built in South America; territory extended 2,500 miles from north to south and embraced almost all of modern Peru, most of Ecuador, much of Bolivia, and parts of Chile and Argentina; maintained effective control from the early 15th century until the coming of Europeans in the early 16th century. As the most powerful people of Andean America, the Inca dominated Andean society until the coming of Europeans; was an extremely diverse culture cause it spanned north and south rather then east and west.	72

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Chapter 9 World History AP Flashcards

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7913985266	Kerma	produced ugly pottery for the Pharaohs, they valued this very much	0
7913985267	Kush	The Nubians unified into the city-state Kush, kush was a very Egyptian like state	1
7913985268	Napata	city in kush	2
7913985269	Meroe	Alternate capital/2nd capital of Kush	3
7913985270	Queen of Sheba	Biblical Figure	4
7913985271	Enzana	First Major to Convert to Christianity in Axum	5
7913985272	Coptic Church	a result of the break between African and European religion	6
7913985273	Terrace Farming	Areas cut from the side of a mountain	7
7913985274	Soninke	language of Ghana	8
7913985275	Kumbi Saleh	capital of ghana	9
7913985276	Mande	Language of mali	10
7913985277	Sundiata	First Mansa (emperor)	11
7913985278	Mansa	emperor	12
7913985279	Musa	Rules Mali after Sundiata	13
7913985280	Timbuktu	high trade high intelligence area	14
7913985281	Gao	capital of Songhay	15
7913985282	Sunni Ali	Most powerful leader	16
7913985283	Askia Muhammad	Another leader of Soghay, helped reform it	17
7913985284	Bantu	Popular Coastal Language	18
7913985285	Swahili	blend of arabic and bantu	19
7913985286	Kilwa	eastern African city/community	20
7913985287	Zambezi River	river south of great zimbabwe	21
7913985288	Shona	Language of Zimbabwe	22
7913985289	Mutota	ruler of Zimbabwe that that uses his army to make the mutapa empire	23
7913985290	Mutapa	empire formed by mutota	24

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Chapter 20-22 Quiz - AP World History Flashcards

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5813916831	Triangular Trade	Commerce linking Africa, the New World colonies, and Europe; slaves carried to America for sugar and tobacco transported to Europe	0
5813920033	Osei Tutu	Member of Oyoko clan of Akan peoples in Gold Coast region of Africa; responsibile for creating unified Asante Empire in 1701; utilized Western firearms	1
5813928164	Asantehene	Title taken by ruler of Asante Empire; supreme civil and religious leader; authority symbolized by golden stool	2
5813930505	Dahomey	Kingdom developed among Fon or Aja peoples in 17th century; center at Abomey 70 miles from coast; under King Agaja expanded to control coastline and part of Whydah by 1727; accepted Western firearms and goods in return for African slaves	3
5813935184	Fulani	Pastoral people of western Sudan; adopted purifying Sufi variant of Islam; under Usuman Dan Fodio in 1804, launched revolt against Hausa kingdoms, established state centered on Sokoto	4
5813941064	Mfecane	Wars of 19th century in southern Africa; created by Zulu expansion under Shaka; revolutionized political organization in southern Africa	5
5813944262	Great Trek	Movement of Boer settlers in Cape Colony of southern Africa to escape influence of British colonial government in 1834; led to settlement of regions north of Orange River and Natal	6
5813949553	Middle Passage	Slave voyage from Africa to the Americas(16th-18th centuries); apparently a traumatic experience for black slaves, although it failed to strip Africans of their culture	7
5813954382	Wilberforce	British statesman and reformer; leader of abolitionist movement in English parliament that led to end of English slave trade in 1807	8
5813971502	Boers	Dutch farmers who had crossed the Orange River in search of new lands	9
5813972730	Diaspora	A scattered population whose origin lies within a smaller geographic locale	10
5813976493	Safavids	Originally a Turkic nomadic group; family originated in Sufi mystic group; espoused Shi'ism; conquered territory and established kingdom in region equivalent to modern Iran; lasted until 1722	11
5813981657	Ottomans	Turkic people who advanced from strongholds in Asia Minor during 1350s; conquered large part of Balkons; unified under Mehmed I; captured Constantinople in 1453; established empire from Balkons that included most of Arab world	12
5813992131	Janissaries	Ottoman infantry divisions that dominated Ottoman armies; forcibly conscripted as boys in conquered areas of Balkons, legally slaves; translated military service into political influence, particularly after 15th century	13
5814014758	Vizier	Ottoman equivalent of the Abbasid wazir; head of the Ottoman bureaucracy; after 5th century often more powerful than sultan	14
5814018625	Abbas the Great	Safavid ruler from 1587 to 1629; extended Safavid domain to greatest extent; created slave regiments based on captured Russians, who monopolized firearms within Safavid armies; incorporated western military technology	15
5814030241	Imams	According to Shi'Ism, ruler who could trace descent from the successors of Ali	16
5814048664	Mullahs	Local mosque officials and prayer leaders within the Safavid empire; agents of Safavid religious campaign to convert all of population to Shi'Ism	17
5814080345	Isfahan	Safavid capital under Abbas the Great; planned city laid out according to Shah's plan; example of Safavid architecture	18
5814093432	Babur	Founder of Mughal dynasty in India; descended from Turkic warriors; first led invasion of India in 1526 and died in 1530	19
5814096070	Akbar	Son and successor of Humayan; oversaw building of military and administrative systems that became typical of Mughal rule in India; pursued policy of cooperation with Hindu princes; attempted to create new religion to bind Muslim and Hindu populations of India	20
5814101319	Taj Mahal	Most famous architectural achievement of Mughal India; originally built as a new mausoleum for the wife of Shah Jahan, Mumtaz Mahal	21
5814105889	Mughals	Established by Babur in India in 1526; the name is taken from the supposed Mongol descent of Babur, but there is little indication of any Mongol influence in the dynasty; became weak after rule of Aurangezeb in first decades of 18th century	22
5814111140	Asian Sea Trading Network	Prior to the intervention of Europeans; consisted of three zones: Arab zones based on glass, carpets, and tapestries; India based on cotton textiles; China based on paper, porcelain, and silks	23
5814117507	Hongwu	First Ming emperor in 1368; originally of peasant lineage; original name was Zhu Yuanzhang; drove out Mongol influence; restored position of scholar-gentry	24
5814123385	Ieyasu	Vassal of Toyotomi Hideyoski; succeeded him as most powerful military figure in Japan; granted title of shogun in 1603 and established Tokugawa Shogunate; established political unity in Japan	25
5814127621	Edo	Former name of Tokyo and was the seat of power for the Tokugawa Shogunate	26
5814129256	Tokugawa Shogunate	The last feudal Japanese military government, which existed between 1603 and 1867	27
5814132180	Ming Dynasty	The restoration of ethnic Chinese rule and the reunification of the country	28
5814134158	Admiral Zhenghe	A Hui court eunuch, mariner, explorer, diplomat, and fleet admiral during China's early Ming Dynasty	29

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Vocabulary Ap world History Practice Flashcards

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6705430309	Democracy	a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives	0
6705437128	Direct Democracy	Direct democracy (also known as pure democracy) is a form of democracy in which people decide (e.g. vote on, form consensus on) policy initiatives directly.	1
6705440551	Representative Democracy	Representative democracy (also indirect democracy, representative republic, or psephocracy) is a type of democracy founded on the principle of elected officials representing a group of people, as opposed to direct democracy	2
6705447111	Parliamentary Democracy	Parliamentary democracy, democratic form of government in which the party (or a coalition of parties) with the greatest representation in the parliament (legislature) forms the government, its leader becoming prime minister or chancellor.	3
6705457147	Autocracy	a system of government by one person with absolute power.	4
6705459948	Dictatorship	government by a dictator.	5
6705466161	Totalitarian Dictatorship	Of, relating to, being, or imposing a form of government in which the political authority exercises absolute and centralized control over all aspects of life, the individual is subordinated to the state, and opposing political and cultural expression is suppressed:	6
6705479090	Absolute Monarchy	Absolute monarchy, or despotic monarchy, is a form of monarchy in which one ruler has supreme authority and where that authority is not restricted by any written laws, legislature, or customs. These are often, but not always, hereditary monarchies.	7
6705492324	Constitutional Monarchy	A constitutional monarchy is a form of government in which a monarch acts as head of state within the parameters of a written (i.e., codified), unwritten (i.e., uncodified) or blended constitution.	8
6705494599	Theocracy	. a form of government in which God or a deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler, the God's or deity's laws being interpreted by the ecclesiastical authorities. 2. a system of government by priests claiming a divine commission.	9
6705496295	Oligarchy	a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.	10
6705500275	Anarchy	a state of disorder due to absence or nonrecognition of authority	11
6705521512	Religion	the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods.	12
6705525385	Abrahamic Religion	An Abrahamic religion is a religion whose followers believe that the Hebrew patriarch Abraham and his descendants hold an important role in human spiritual development. The best known Abrahamic religions are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam	13
6705528314	Christianity	the religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, or its beliefs and practices.	14
6705533780	Judaism	the monotheistic religion of the Jews.	15
6705533781	Islam	the religion of the Muslims, a monotheistic faith regarded as revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah.	16
6706970099	Buddhism	a religion, originated in India by Buddha (Gautama) and later spreading to China, Burma, Japan, Tibet, and parts of southeast Asia, holding that life is full of suffering caused by desire and that the way to end this suffering is through enlightenment that enables one to halt the endless sequence of births and deaths	17
6706972385	Mesopotamia	Mesopotamia was a historical region situated within the Tigris-Euphrates river system, in modern days roughly corresponding to most of Iraq plus Kuwait, the eastern parts of Syria, Southeastern Turkey,	18
6706987493	Ancient Rome	the lands and peoples subject to the authority of ancient Rome. the form of government established in ancient Rome in 27 b.c., comprising the Principate or Early Empire	19
6706998150	Ancient Greece	Ancient Greece was a civilization belonging to a period of Greek history from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th-9th centuries BC to the end of antiquity	20
6706998151	Han Empire	imperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time from 206 BC to AD 220)	21
6707003149	Mauryan Empire	Maurya Empire. definition: Indian empire founded by Chandragupta, beginning with his kingdom in northeastern India and spreading to most of northern and central India. significance: unified the Indian subcontinent.	22
6707007405	Abbasid Empire	a member of a dynasty of caliphs ruling at Baghdad, a.d. 750-1258, governing most of the Islamic world and claiming descent from Abbas, uncle of Muhammad. Expand. Also, Abbassid, Abbasid. ... Origin of Abbasid.	23
6707226818	Hinduism	a major religious and cultural tradition of South Asia, developed from Vedic religion	24
6783326757	Middle Ages	400's to 1400's; starts with the fall of Rome in 476; ends with the Renaissance; also called the Dark Ages & the Medieval Time; had a lack of reading, writing, art, innovation, etc; many wars over Europe	25
6783334367	Christian Crusades	1095; war between Christians and Muslims; Byzantine Empire vs the Abbasid Civilization; thought that Christianity contradicts Islam	26
6783336489	Fall of Han Dynasty	fell in 220 CE due to a battle called "The Battle of Red Cliffs"; the Jin Dynasty was next to take over China, they lasted until 580 CE; the Sui Dynasty took over after in 589 CE	27
6783337149	Golden Age of China	more inventions, innovations, and cultural growth was occurring; 3 dynasties: Sui, Tang, and Song	28
6783338478	Sui Dynasty	589 CE to 618 CE; built the Great Wall of China; expanded China's territory; built the Grand Canal for trade; religion was Confucianism; ended due to military retaliation	29
6783339899	Confucianism	created by Confucius around 400 CE; valued education, respect, hard work, hierarchy; a way of life; famous Chinese philosopher Xunzi supported spread of Confucianism and led fight against Hindu	30
6783341259	Tang Dynasty	618 CE to 907 CE; allowed female and male rulers; expanded military; supported Buddhism; lost power to their own people; had trade	31
6783345534	Song Dynasty	960 CE to 1279 CE; didn't allow female rulers; put power to the people; supported Daoism; lost power to their own people	32
6783520189	Feudalism	social system in Europe during the Middle Ages; monarchy; Christianity was popular; kings, lords, knights, serfs/peasants	33
6806289845	Indian Ocean Trade	connected Africa, Asia, Europe, & the Middle East; 800 - 1500's CE; exchanged ivory, gold, iron, cotton, silk, & porcelain goods; took place over the ocean, large cargo ships were built to carry large amounts of goods to sell; many European powers became interested in settling in Africa; ended because Portuguese wanted to take over the Swahili city-states and started many wars	34
6806310317	Silk Road	206 BCE - 1453 CE; connected China, India, the Middle East, & Europe; exchanged Chinese silk, cloth, gold, precious stones, religions (Islam & Buddhism), & gunpowder	35
6806313221	Trans-Saharan Trade	took place in northern Africa from 600 - 1300 CE; traveled by camels; many great cities became rich from the trade that took place here; exchanged gold, glass, slaves, textiles, ivory, ebony, brass, copper, salt, pepper, dates, horses, african art, and diseases	36
6806316069	Aztec Empire	1345 - 1521; current day Mexico; polytheistic	37
6806319318	Maya Empire	950 - 1524; central Mexico; known for their astronomy and mathematics; polytheistic	38
6806322567	Inca Empire	1400 - 1533; known for their architecture	39
6806325827	Byzantine Empire	last of the Roman Empire; western Europe; 330 CE - 1453 CE; ended because the Ottoman Empire took over the capital; under Emperor Constantine, religion was Christianity	40
6806364171	Black Plague	disease; killed 2/3 of Europe's population & majority of Asia; spread in a couple of years; also known as the Bubonic Plague; spread by rats with infected fleas	41
6827454305	Control in Medieval Europe	Roman Catholic Church had a lot of control in Europe; almost everyone believed in heaven, hell and God; people must follow what the Church said or go to hell; the Pope was the ultimate leader	42
6827461085	Economy in Medieval Europe	the Church made money by charging a tax; charged for marriages, baptisms, and funerals; the Church used this money to build churches and cathedrals; 90% of Europe were peasants	43
6827465017	Religion in Medieval Europe	Religion in Medieval Europe important aspect of life; only church they had was the Roman Catholic Church; the Church was a place that was used for weddings, baptisms, and prayers; the Church also served as a safe haven for he people of the village	44
6827467652	Ottoman Empire	at its largest during the 16th-17th century; spanned across Asia, Europe, & Africa; Ottoman Empire controlled all of the trade going through this region; converted many to Islam; capital city is Constantinople	45
6827470113	12th Century Renaissance	artwork was focused on religion; took place during the High Middle Ages; social, political, and economic transformations; churches and schools were built for students to learn Latin and Greek; cathedrals were built with sculptures and mosaics; people of Europe believed that "beauty brought people closer to God"	46
6827473614	15th Century Renaissance	also called the "Italian Renaissance"; artwork was more broad; art didn't focus on religion; art, architecture, literature, music, philosophy, and other arts prospered; included: Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, and Raphael	47
6827480376	Colonialism	acquiring control over another country, occupying it with settlers and exploiting it economically	48
6827486098	Age of Exploration	a period from the 15th to the 17th century; travelers and explorers discovered land while searching for trade routes	49
6827491284	Expansion of the Ottoman Empire	Ottoman Empire's main goal was taking over more territories; they accepted both Christians and Muslims; growth in cultural diversity	50
6827495960	Sultan Mehmet II	was the Sultan (leader) from 1451 to 1481; during his rule, all of Turkey (Anatolia) was brought under the Ottomans and the Byzantine Empire was defeated	51
6827497975	Power of the Ottoman Empire	after the fall of the Byzantine Empire, the Ottomans became the major power in Europe; success due to its inclusion of many cultures and religions; had a powerful military	52
6827500745	Renaissance	a time of rebirth of culture in Europe; this time to be the end of the Middle Ages; revamped: art, innovation, education, scientific discoveries	53
6827504310	Medici Family	got rich and power in Florence in the 13th century due to success in commerce and banking; had four Popes: Leo X, Clement VII, Pius IV, and Leon XI; Medici Dynasty ended in 1737; family was royalty; supported the Renaissances	54
6827507187	Imperialism	extending a country's power through military force	55
6827508842	Persian Empire	at its largest during the 550 to 300 BCE; before the Romans, they had the majority of rule over Europe and Asia; expanded by colonialism because he was peaceful and wanted to create a buffer around his land for resource; expanded by imperialism because he conquered land, military was important, freed the Jews	56
6827510622	British Empire	at its largest during the early 1900's; controlled more than 500 million people; English and Christianity were taught to many people; expanded by imperialism because they fought people; expanded by colonialism by setting up colonies	57
6827513708	12th Century Art	art was religious; included: angels, crosses, halos, gold, silk robes, cathedrals, churches, arches, towers, Jesus, and other religious figures	58
6827520982	15th Century Art	Medici family pais 15th century artists for their creations; included: nature, human form, realistic, marble/ materials, common people, variety of colors, very simple	59
6827528104	Start of the Ottoman Empire	1300 to 1922; leader was Osman; nomadic groups came together and expanded around 1300; created a natural barrier between Islamic civilizations and the Byzantine Empire	60
6827530273	Empires During Colonialism	empires were formed by linking diverse ethnic, national, cultural, and religious components	61
6827534304	Slave Trade	started after Colonialism; as Europeans got more wealthy from the Age of Exploration, they needed more manpower to help them	62
6827538968	Portugal	Portugal's government supported their exploration in finding new trade routes to Asia when the Ottoman Empire stopped trade from going through	63
6827901024	Spain	Spain supported Christopher Columbus' exploration to find new trade routes to Asia	64
6935505520	World War I	also referred to as the Great War; was a global war which mainly centered in Europe; July 28, 1914 to November 11, 1918; two sides: Allies (Triple Entente) vs. Central Powers; started due to the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria	65
6935508405	Militarism	the policy of building up or creating a large military	66
6935510781	Alliances	an agreement between 2 or more countries to help each other out and defend each other	67
6935513564	Nationalism	pride in one's country	68
6935532193	Holocaust	genocide; between 1933 to 1938 under the lead of Hitler, Germany built concentration camps for many minorities; widespread use of propaganda was targeting minorities; minorities included: Jews, gypsies, physically disabled, homosexuals, and more	69
6935534978	Genocide	the international killing of a large group of people	70
6935537085	Modern War	the use of technology and new strategies pushes conflict further	71
6935539824	Trench Warfare	a type of warfare where fighting occurs in trenches; France was the first to use this warfare in WW1	72
6935543492	No Man's Land	the space between a trench and another trench of the opposing side	73
6935545854	Poison Gas	the French created Tear Gas; the Germans created Mustard Gas; both can cause burns, blindness, and difficulty breathing; Mustard Gas was much more superior; gas masks were invented	74
6935572749	Marshall Plan	also called the European Recovery Program; planned by the US Secretary of State, George Marshall, in 1947; a plan to channel $13 billion to help Europe recover from WWII; Soviet Union viewed this plan as a way to intervene their plans of spreading communism; US aid a lot in the UK and France	75
6935575317	USSR		76
6935576793	Yalta Conference	1945; a decision was made to split the German Empire into 4 sections after WWII. Germany would then belong to the US, Great Britain, France and the Soviet Union	77
6935579344	Truman Doctrine	Harry Truman; 1947; US promises to provide political and military help to all democratic and capitalist nations to fight off communism; specifically trying to protect Greece and Italy	78
6935584637	Communism	full government control of economics with the assumption to create equality	79
6935586849	Socialism	control of government in some economics to offer more support	80
6935588048	Capitalism	no government involvement in economics; all people make and spend money how they want	81
6935594996	Iron Curtain	1946; official opening of the Cold War; Churchill wanted to establish a strong alliance with the US; he warned the Soviet Union to stop their expansion of both territory and communism; the divide to stop communism	82
6935597892	Cuban Missile Crisis	1959; Cuba becomes communist under Fidel Castro; in October of 1962, USSR had established nuclear-armed missiles in Cuba, US perceived this as a threat; President John F Kennedy announced that the US was ready to fight back; many people were in fear of nuclear war	83
6935601331	Vietnam War	1955 to 1975; Northern Vietnam vs. Southern Vietnam; North was led by the Viet Cong (communist); South was led by the US (capitalist); the US was invested in this war to stop the spread of communism	84

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WORLD HISTORY REVIEWER SPRING 2018 Flashcards

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8934655455	"The only way to erect such a common power, as may be able to defend them from the invasion of foreigners . . . is to confer all their power and strength upon one man, or upon one assembly of men, that may reduce all their wills, by plurality of voices, unto one will . . ."	reflects the philosophy of someone who supports: absolute monarchy	0
8934655456	Beheaded and replaced by a Republic in France at the end of the 18th century	King Louis XVI	1
8934655457	"Prices should be regulated by the laws of supply and demand, or the 'invisible hand' "	Adam Smith's book, Wealth of Nations	2
8934655458	"The people rushed against the place . . . They took all the arms, discharged the prisoners and such of the garrison as were not killed in the first moment of fury, carried the Governor and Lieutenant governor to the Greve, cut off their heads, and set them through the city in triumph to the Palais royal."	The event Thomas Jefferson is describing in this passage was the assault on the Bastille.	3
8934655459	economic philosophies promoted government regulation of the economy, but only when businesses were exploiting workers	communism	4
8934655461	"Second Estate" under France's ancien régime	the nobility	5
8934655462	most likely to support the Reign of Terror	sans-culottes	6
8934655463	Under the National Assembly	France became a constitutional monarchy	7
8934655464	Napoleon is asserting he is the source of his own authority.		8
8934655460	Marie Antoinette		9
8934655466	The invention shown here contributed to a revolution in the textile industry		10
8934655467	During WWI, the area depicted was of great importance to the Allies as a way to transport supplies to Russia.		11
8934858010	Charles V	Assumed control of the Hapsburg Empire and crowned by the Pope	12
8934858011	Louis XIV	"L'État, c'est moi." ("The state, it is me."). This statement shows the idea of divine right of kings	13
8934858012	Don Quixote	this work by Miguel de Cervantes showed romantic notions of knighthood and chivalry.	14
8934858013	Philip II	He influenced the art of Spain's golden age by financial support to artists.	15
8935027437	The Glorious Revolution	was a rejection of ideas Absolute Monarchy like those expressed by James I.	16
8935027438	a cabinet system	Which of the following was a chief characteristic of Britain's constitutional government in the 1700s?	17
8935027439	Thomas Hobbes	"The only way to erect such a common power, as may be able to defend them from the invasion of foreigners . . . is to confer all their power and strength upon one man, or upon one assembly of men, that may reduce all their wills, by plurality of voices, unto one will . . ." This quote best reflects the philosophy of	18
8935027440	Joseph II abolishing serfdom in Austria	An example of a monarch supporting Enlightenment reform	19
8936597442	Adam Smith	This quote by a modern economist reflects the ideas of which of the following Enlightenment thinkers? "Manufacturing and commercial monopolies owe their origin not to a tendency [naturally found in a] capitalist economy but to governmental interventionist policy directed against free trade and laissez-faire."—Ludwig Von Mises, Austrian economist	20
8936597443	popular sovereignty	All government power ultimately derives from the consent of the people being governed.	21
8936597444	the nobility	Which group made up the "Second Estate" under France's ancien régime?	22
8936597445	sans-coulottes	Which group in France would have been most likely to support the Reign of Terror?	23
8936597446	Battle of Saratoga	a turning point in the American Revolution; It persuaded other nations to ally themselves with the American colonists.	24
8936597447	National Assembly	Turned France into a constitutional monarchy	25
8936597448	Directory	Its weak and corrupt actions ultimately lead to the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte	26
8936597449	A multi-ethnic diverse empire and constant revolts	challenges the Hapsburgs faced after the Thirty Years' War	27
8936597450	Liberté, égalité, fraternité	( French for "liberty, equality, fraternity")slogan of the French Revolution and the "Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen" upheld similar principles.	28
9088516645	CHAPTER 3 THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION		29
9088516647	Industrial Revolution	the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, the increasing use of steam power, the development of machine tools and the rise of the factory system.	30
9088516648	Anesthetic	a drug to prevent pain during surgery	31
9088516649	Enclosure	the legal process in England of enclosing a number of small landholdings to create one larger farm	32
9088516650	James Watt	a Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist who improved on Thomas Newcomen's 1712 Newcomen steam engine with his Watt steam engine in 1781, which was fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both his native Great Britain and the rest of the world	33
9088516651	Smelt	a process of applying heat to ore to melt out a base metal	34
9088516652	Capital	consists of anything that can enhance a person's power to perform economically useful work. Capital goods, real capital, or capital assets are already-produced, durable goods or any non-financial asset that is used in production of goods or services	35
9088516653	Enterprise	an organization that provides goods and services for human needs.	36
9088516654	Entrepreneur	an owner or manager of a business enterprise who makes money through risk and initiative	37
9088516655	putting-out system	a means of subcontracting work. Historically, it was also known as the workshop system and the domestic system.	38
9088516656	Eli Whitney	an American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin. This was one of the key inventions of the Industrial Revolution and shaped the economy of the Antebellum South	39
9088516657	Turnpike	another term for a toll road and historically the term for a toll gate or barrier	40
9088516658	Liverpool and Manchester	two British cities connected by the world's first major rail line in 1830	41
9189110845	3.2 Key Terms		42
9189110846	Urbanization	population shift from rural to urban areas	43
9189110847	tenement	a multi-occupancy building of any sort	44
9189110848	labor union	an organization of workers who have come together to achieve common goals; such as protecting the integrity of its trade, improving safety standards, and attaining better wages, benefits (such as vacation, health care, and retirement), and working conditions through the increased bargaining power wielded by the creation of a monopoly of the workers	45
9189110849	standard of living	the level of wealth, comfort, material goods, and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class in a certain geographic area, usually a country.	46
9189110850	social mobility	the movement of individuals, families, households, or other categories of people within or between social strata in a society	47
9189110851	free market	system in which the prices for goods and services are determined by the open market and consumers,	48
9189110852	Thomas Malthus	argued that population multiplies geometrically and food arithmetically; therefore, whenever the food supply increases, population will rapidly grow to eliminate the abundance	49
9189110853	Jeremy Bentham	English philosopher, jurist, and social reformer regarded as the founder of modern utilitarianism	50
9189110854	Utilitarianism	an ethical theory which states that the best action is the one that maximizes utility. "Utility" is defined in various ways, usually in terms of the well-being of sentient entities	51
9189110855	Socialism	a range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership and democratic control of the means of production	52
9189110856	means of production physical, non-human and non-financial inputs used for the production of economic value	raw materials, the facilities, machinery and tools used in the production of good	53
9189110857	Robert Owen	a Welsh textile manufacturer, philanthropic social reformer, and one of the founders of utopian socialism and the cooperative movement	54
9189110858	Karl Marx	his theories about society, economics and politics—collectively understood as Marxism—hold that human societies develop through class struggle.	55
9189110859	Communism	the philosophical, social, political and economic ideology and movement whose ultimate goal is the establishment of the communist society, which is a socioeconomic order structured upon the common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money and the state	56
9189110860			57
9189110861	3.3 Key Terms		58
9189110862	Henry Bessemer	an English inventor, whose steelmaking process would become the most important technique for making steel in the nineteenth century for almost one century from year 1856 to 195	59
9189110863	Alfred Nobel	Known for inventing dynamite, he bequeathed his fortune to institute the Nobel Prizes.	60
9189110864	Michael Faraday	an English scientist who contributed to the study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry.	61
9189110865	Dynamo	an electrical generator that produces direct current with the use of a commutator.	62
9189110866	Thomas Edison	an American inventor and businessman, who has been described as America's greatest inventor. He developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and the long-lasting, practical electric light bulb.	63
9189110867	interchangeable parts	crucial to the introduction of the assembly line at the beginning of the 20th century, and has become an important element of some modern manufacturing but is missing from other important industries.	64
9189110868	Orville and Wilbur Wright	designed, built, and flew the first controlled, powered, heavier-than-air airplane on December 17, 1903	65
9189110869	Guglielmo Marconi	an Italian inventor and electrical engineer. He was a pioneer of long-distance radio transmission	66
9189110870	Corporation	a business firm where each of the partners invest a sum of money in as the capital of the corporation	67
9189110871	Louis Pasteur	a French microbiologist and chemist. He and his wife, Marie, are best known for their experiments supporting the germ theory of disease, and he is also known for his vaccinations, most notably the first vaccine against rabies	68
9189110872	Robert Koch	won the 1905 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for studying tuberculosis	69
9189110873	Florence Nightingale	an English nurse. She helped create the modern techniques of nursing. She became a leader of the team of nurses who helped wounded soldiers during the Crimean War	70
9189110875	cult of domesticity	a term used by some historians to describe what they consider to have been a prevailing value system among the upper and middle classes during the nineteenth century in the United States and the United Kingdom. This value system emphasized new ideas of femininity, the woman's role within the home and the dynamics of work and family	71
9189110876	temperance movement	a social movement against the consumption of alcoholic beverages	72
9189110877	Elizabeth Cady Stanton	an American suffragist, social activist, abolitionist, and leading figure of the early women's rights movement	73
9189110878	Sojourner Truth	an African-American abolitionist and women's rights activist	74
9189110879	Charles Darwin	English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution.	75
9189110880	social gospel	a movement in North American Protestantism which applied Christian ethics to social problems, especially issues of social justice such as economic inequality, poverty, alcoholism, crime, racial tensions, slums, unclean environment, child labor, inadequate labor unions, poor schools, and the danger of war	76
9189110881	romanticism		77
9189110882	William Wordsworth	a major English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped to launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their joint publication Lyrical Ballads (1798)	78
9189110883	Victor Hugo	a French poet, novelist, and dramatist of the Romantic movement. Hugo is considered to be one of the greatest and best-known French writers. Outside of France, his most famous works are the novels Les Misérables, 1862, and The Hunchback of Notre-Dame, 1831	79
9189110884	Ludwig van Beethoven	a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Classical music, he remains one of the most famous and influential of all composers	80
9189110885	realism		81
9189110886	Charles Dickens	an English writer and social critic. He created some of the world's best-known fictional characters and is regarded by many as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era;	82
9189110887	Louis Daguerre	a French artist and photographer, recognized for his invention of the daguerreotype process of photography	83
9189110888	Impressionism	19th-century art movement characterised by relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage of time), ordinary subject matter, inclusion of movement as a crucial element of human perception and experience, and unusual visual angles	84
9189110889	Claude Monet	a founder of French Impressionist painting, and the most consistent and prolific practitioner of the movement's philosophy of expressing one's perceptions before nature, especially as applied to plein-air landscape painting	85
9189110890	Vincent van Gogh	a Dutch Post-Impressionist painter who is among the most famous and influential figures in the history of Western art	86

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AP World History: China Flashcards

Ch2 Classical Civilization China World history

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5273830341	1. Describe the stages in Chinese dynastic cycle. (dynasty)	family that passed imperial title from generation to generation. When dynasty grew weaker & tax revenues declined>social divisions>internal rebellions &sometimes invasions. As ruling dynasty declined, another emerged, usually from family of a successful general, invader, or peasant rebel & pattern would repeat. Many Chinese view history in terms of cycles, in contrast to Western view of steady progress from past to present.	0
5273830342	2. Describe the political structure of the Zhou dynasty (1029-258 B.C.E.) that displaced the Shang rulers.	The Zhou didn't establish a powerful government; ruled through alliances with regional princes /noble families. Rulers couldn't control territories directly>gave regional estates to members of their families & other supporters who were to provide central government with troops & tax revenues. = China's feudal period:rulers depending on network of loyalties & obligations to & from their landlord-vassals.	1
5273830343	3. What caused the decline of the Zhou?	regional land-owning aristocrats increased their power base/disre¬garded central govt.	2
5273830344	4. Identify/significance: Middle Kingdom	Zhou extended territory of China- took Yangtze River valley from Huanghe R. to Yangtze R. =China's core— the "Middle Kingdom." >wheat-growing in north, rice-grow¬ing in south>pop. growth. Communication/transport from capital to out-lying regions difficult>>Zhou relied so heavily on loyalty of regional supporters.	3
5273830345	5. Identify/significance: Mandate of Heaven (Sons of Heaven)	Zhou rulers claimed direct links to Shang rulers & asserted heaven had transferred its mandate to rule China to Zhou emperors =key justification for Chinese imperial rule from Zhou onward. These "Sons of Heaven" lived in world of awe-inspiring pomp/ceremony.	4
5273830346	6. How did the Zhou provide greater cultural unity in their empire?	promoted linguistic unity>> standard spoken language (Mandarin Chinese) in Middle Kingdom =largest single group of people speaking same language in world at this time. Regional dialects/languages remained; educated officials began to rely on Mandarin. Oral epics/stories in Chi¬nese> gradually recorded in written form>development of common culture.	5
5273830347	7. Identify/significance: Confucius	During late 6th/early 5th centuries B.C.E., Confucius wrote statement on political ethics= core of China's distinctive philo¬sophical heritage. Other writers/religious leaders participated in this great period of cultural creativity>>which later =set of central beliefs throughout Middle Kingdom.	6
5273830348	8. Identify/significance: Era of the Warring States	Regional rulers formed independent armies reduc¬ing emperors to little more than figureheads. Between 402 -201 B.C.E. (Era of the Warring States) the Zhou system disintegrated.	7
5273830349	9. Identify/significance: Shih Huangdi (Qin)	regional ruler who deposed last Zhou emperor & made himself ruler of China. He took the title Qin Shi Huangdi, or First Emperor. The dynastic name, Qin >conferred on whole country=China.	8
5273830350	10. Describe the policies and achievements of Shih Huangdi in the Qin Dynasty. (Great Wall)	Shi Huangdi =brutal,effective ruler amid internal disorder. China's problem= regional power of aristocrats. He ordered nobles to leave their regions & appear at his court>he took control of their estates. China was organized into large provinces ruled by bureaucrats appointed by emperor Shi Huangdi. He chose officials from nonaristocratic groups so they would owe their power to & not develop independent bases. His power¬ful armies crushed regional resistance. To guard against barbarian invasions, Shi Huangdi built a Great Wall, extending over 3000 miles & wide enough for chariots= largest construction project in human history; built by forced labor from the peasantry.	9
5273830351	11. Describe the innovations in Chinese politics and culture during the Qin dynasty.	Shi Huangdi ordered national census= calculation of tax revenues/labor service. Govt. standardized coinage, weights, mea¬sures: length of cart axles regulated to=road planning. Made Chinese written script uniform=basic language for all educated Chinese. Qin sponsored new irrigation pro¬jects; promoted manufacturing, especially silk. Qin burned many books because thinking=subversive to Shi Huangdi's autocratic rule.	10
5273830352	12. Explain why the Qin dynasty ended.	Shi Huangdi's attacks on intellectuals, high taxes to support military expansion, construction of Great Wall, made him unpopular. On his death in 210 B.C.E. massive revolts organized by peasants broke out. One peasant leader defeated other opponents; in 202 B.C.E. established the Han dynasty.	11
5273830353	13. Describe the characteristics and achievements of Han Dynasty (202 B.C.E.-202 C.E.)	Han rulers kept cen¬tralized administration of Qin but reduced brutal repression. Early Han rulers expanded Chinese territory, pushing into Korea, Indochina, central Asia. Expansion >direct contact with India & contact with Parthian Empire Middle East, through which trade with Roman Empire around Mediterranean was conducted.	12
5273830354	14. Identify/significance: Wu Ti	Han ruler, Wu Ti (140—87 B.C.E.), enforced peace throughout much of Asia, similar the peace Roman Empire would bring to Mediterranean region a hundred years later, but including even more terri¬tory & far larger population. Peace brought great prosperity to China.	13
5273830355	15. Describe the state bureaucracy and government under the Han Dynasty.	state bureaucracy improved & government linked to formal training that emphasized values of Confucian philosophy. Reversing Qin dynasty's policies, Wu Ti urged support for Confucianism= vital supplement to formal measures by government.	14
5273830356	16. Explain why Han rule declined.	Han rule declined after two centuries. Central control weakened, invasions from central Asia, led by a nomadic people called the Huns, who had long threatened China's northern borders, overturned dynasty entirely. Between 220-589 C.E., China=state of chaos. Order/stability finally restored, but classical/formative period of Chinese civilization had ended. Well before But, China had established distinctive political structures & cultural values that would allow it to survive three centuries of confusion.	15
5273830357	II. Political Institutions	...	16
5273830358	17. Describe the distinctive and successful kind of government established by the Qin and Han governments.	Qin stressed central authority; Han expanded bureaucracy. Structure of this govt.= how vast territory could be ruled ( largest polit¬ical system in classical world). This structure would change after classical period in terms of streamlining/expanding bureaucratic systems but it never required fun¬damental overhaul.	17
5273830359	18. Describe the key elements of the political framework that emerged in China's classical period.	One difference between classical civilizations & river-valley civilizations was that in classical civilizations political organizations were more complex, but strong local units never disap¬peared. China relied on tightly knit patriarchal fami¬lies linked to other relatives in extended family networks- brothers, uncles & any living grandparents. In wealthy land-owning groups, family authority enhanced by practice of ancestor worship; it was less common among ordinary peasants. Village authority surpassed family rule; village leaders helped farming families regulate property, coordinate planting/harvesting. During Zhou dynasty(& in later periods when dynasties weakened)regional power of great landlords played an important role at the village level; landed nobles pro¬vided courts of justice & organized military troops	18
5273830360	19. How did Shih Huangdi strengthen central government?	Shi Huangdi attacked local rulers & provided single law code & uni¬form tax system. He appointed governors to each district to exercise military & legal powers in name of emperor. They, in turn, named officials responsible for smaller regions=classic model of centralized government that other societies would copy in later times:establishment of centralized codes & appointment of officials directly by a central authority, rather than reliance on many existing local governments. Also appointed ministers to deal with finance, jus¬tice, military affair etc. .	19
5273830361	20. Explain how the Han Dynasty created a strong bureaucracy.	Rulers of Han also attacked local warrior-landlords; created large, skilled bureaucracy to carry out duties of state. By end of Han period, China = 130,000 bureaucrats=0.2% of pop. Wu Ti established examinations for bureaucrats=first example of civil service tests=covered classics of Chinese liter¬ature & law> model of scholar-bureaucrat that would later become important element of China's political tradition. Wu Ti established school to train men of tal-ent/ability for national examinations; most drawn from landed upper classes,who alone had time to learn complex system of Chinese characters; individu¬als from lower ranks of society were sometimes recruited under this system> slight check on complete upper-class rule; tended to limit arbitrary power by emperor. Trained /experienced bureaucrats could often control whims of single ruler. Chinese bureaucracy lasted from Han period until 20th century. .	20
5273830362	21. List the functions of government that emerged in the classical period in China.	Gov¬t.ran military & judicial systems. Mil¬itary activity fluctuated-China didn't depend on steady expansion. Judi¬cial matters commanded more attention by local government authorities. Govt. organized research in astronomy & mainte¬nance of historical records. Under Han rulers govt. played major role in promoting Confu¬cian philosophy as official statement of Chinese val¬ues & in encouraging worship of Confucius himself. The Han developed a sense of mission as primary keeper of Chinese beliefs. Imperial government also active in economy>directly organized production of iron & salt. Its standardization of currency, weights, measures facilitated trade throughout empire. The government sponsored public works: complex irrigation & canal sys¬tems. Han rulers tried to regulate agricultural supplies by storing grain/rice in good times to control price increases & potential popular unrest when harvests were bad.	21
5273830363	22. Explain how far the power of the Chinese government was able to reach.	Its system of courts was backed by strict law code; torture & execution widely used to supplement preaching of obedience & civic virtue. Cen¬tral government taxed its subjects & required annual labor on part of every male peas¬ant in building canals, roads, palaces. No other government had organization/staff to reach ordinary people so directly until modern times, except in much smaller political units such as city-states.	22
5273830364	23. Why was the structure of Chinese government able to endure?	power & authority it commanded in eyes of ordi¬nary Chinese people help explain why its structure survived decline, invasion & even rebellion for so many centuries. Invaders like Huns might topple a dynasty, but couldn't devise a better system to run the country, so the system & its bureau¬cratic administrators endured.	23
5273830365	III. Religion and Culture	...	24
5273830366	24. Describe the Chinese way of viewing the world that developed during the classical period.	Upper-class cultural values emphasized good life on earth & virtues of obedience to the state, more than speculations about God & mysteries of heaven. Chinese tolerated/ combined various beliefs, so long as they did not contradict basic political loyalties.	25
5273830367	25. What beliefs did the Zhou rulers stress?	maintained belief in a god/ gods, but little attentio given to nature of a deity. Leaders stressed a harmonious earthly life, which would maintain balance between earth & heaven.	26
5273830368	26. In what ways did the Chinese upper class seek and express harmony?	rituals to unify society & prevent individual excess. Upper class people trained in elaborate exercises & military skills;ceremonies venerating ancestors; use of chopsticks began at end of Zhou dynasty=encouraged politeness at meals. Soon, tea introduced, but most elaborate tea-drinking rituals developed later.	27
5273830369	27. Describe the ideas and teachings of Confucius. (Analects)	If people could be taught to emphasize personal virtue (including reverence for tradi¬tion) a solid political life would naturally result. Confucian virtues stressed respect for one's social superiors— fathers/husbands as leaders of family; emphasis on proper hierar¬chy balanced by insistence that society's leaders behave modestly & shun abusive powers & treat people who were in their charge courteousl. Moderation in behavior, veneration of custom/ritual, love of wisdom should characterize leaders of society at all levels."In an age of good government, men in high stations give preference to men of ability and give opportunity to those who are below them..."	28
5273830370	28. According to Confucius, how should rulers and subordinates act?	emphasized virtuous behavior by ruler & ruled. Only a man who demonstrated proper family virtues, including respect for parents & compassion for children should be considered for political service. He emphasized personal restraint & socialization of children. Subordinates show obedience & respect; people should know their place, even under bad rulers. He urged political system to make education accessible to all tal¬ented/intelligent people. Rulers should be humble/sincere; people will grow rebellious under hypocrisy/arrogance. He warned against greed in leadership.	29
5273830371	29. Describe Legalism.	rejected Confu¬cian virtues in favor of authoritarian state that ruled by force. Human nature =evil & required restraint /discipline. The army should control & people should labor. Legalism never won widespread approval, but it entered political tradi¬tions of China, where a Confucian veneer was often combined with strong-arm tactics.	30
5273830372	30. Explain the effects of Confucianism on peasants.	Most peasants needed more than civic virtue to understand/survive their harsh life. During most of the classical period, polytheistic beliefs, focusing on spirits of nature, persisted. Many tried to attract blessing of spirits by creating statues, emblems, household decorations honoring spirits,& holding parades/ family ceremonies. A belief in symbolic power of dragons came from a popular religion= combined fear of these creatures with more playful sense of their activities in its courtship of divine forces of nature. Gradually, ongoing rites among ordinary masses integrated Confucian values urged by upper classes.	31
5273830373	31. Describe Daoism. (Laozi)	It embraced tradi¬tional Chinese beliefs in nature's harmony & added sense of nature's mystery=spiritual alternative to Confucianism. Daoism= vital for Chinese civilization but not exported. 5th century B.C.E. Laozi said nature contains divine impulse that directs all life. Human understanding comes in withdrawing from world & contemplating life force. Dao= "the way of nature" Along with secret rituals, Daoism promoted its own set of ethics. Daoist harmony with nature best resulted through humility/frugal living. Political activity& learning were irrelevant to a good life, & general conditions in world=little importance.	32
5273830374	32. Why was Daoism able to co-exist with Confucianism?	Daoism would join with strong Bud¬dhist influence from India during chaos that fol¬lowed collapse of Han dynasty; guaranteed China's people would not be united by a single religious or philosophical system. Individuals embraced elements from both Daoism &Confucianism; many emperors favored Daoism& accepted its spread because some found solace in Daoist belief & because its otherworldly emphasis posed no real political threat. Confucian scholars disagreed vigorously with Daoist thinking (myster¬ies/magic), but saw little reason to challenge its influence. Daoism provided many Chinese with ceremonies to promote harmony with mysterious life force. Chinese govt from Han dynasty onward was able to persuade Daoist priests to include expressions of loyalty to emperor in temple services>heightened Daoism's political compatibility with Confucianism	33
5273830375	33. Identify/significance: Five Classics	written in early Zhou dynasty; edited in time of Confucius= important tradition; used as basis for civil ser¬vice examinations; included historical treatises, speeches, discussion of etiquette/ceremonies. The Classic of Songs =300 poems dealing with love, joy, politics, fam¬ily life. Chinese literary tradition devel¬oped on basis of mastering these early works, plus Confucian writing; each generation of writers found new meanings in the classical literature= expressed new ideas in a familiar framework.	34
5273830376	34. Describe the characteristics of Chinese literature in the classical period.	Poetry=particular attention because Chinese language featured melodic speech & vari¬ant pronunciations of the same basic soun. From classical period onward, ability to learn/recite poetry= mark of educated Chinese. Literary tradition in classical China reinforced Confucian emphasis on human life, but subjects included romance& sorrow as well as political values.	35
5273830377	35. Describe the characteristics of Chinese art in the classical period.	stressed careful detail/craftsmanship;reflected precision of symbols of Chinese writing. Calligraphy >art form. Artists painted, worked in bronze & pottery, carved jade & ivory & wove silk screens. Classical China=no monumental buildings-except for Great Wall & imperial palaces/tombs- because of absence of a single reli-gion; & entire tone of upper-class Confu¬cianism discouraged notion of temples soaring to heavens.	36
5273830378	36. Describe Chinese achievements in science and math during the classical period.	science stressed the practical not theoretical. Astronomers developed accurate calendar by 444 B.C.E., based on a year of 365.5 days. Later astronomers calculated movement Saturn&Jupiter; observed sunspots—more than 1500 years before Europe. Purpose of Chinese astronomy=make celestial events pre-dictable as part of ensuring har¬mony between heaven /earth. Scientists invented seismograph to register earthquakes in Han dynasty. Medical research> anatomical knowledge &studying principles of hygiene. Mathematics stressed practical. Daoism encouraged exploration of orderly processes of nature but more research focused on how things worked. This focus for science and mathematics contrasted with more abstract definition of science in clas¬sical Greece.	37
5273830379	IV. Economy and Society	...	38
5273830380	37. Describe the social structure in classical China.	By time of Zhou, main social division was between land-owning gentry (2% of pop.) & peasants, who provided dues/service to these lords while also controlling some of their own land. About the only thing the Chinses nobleman and peasant had in common was dependence on land as the basic economic resource. Chinese peas¬antry depended on intensive cooperation, in southern rice region; property usually owned/regulated by village or extended family. Beneath peasantry social structure included "mean" people who performed unskilled jobs & suffered from lowest status. Social sta¬tus passed from one generation to next through inheritance, but talented person from peasant background might be given access to education & rise in bureaucracy. Officially-3 main social groups:1. landowning aristocracy/educated bureau¬crats 2. laboring masses of peasants/urban artisans=much poorer & condemned to life of hard manual labor, sometimes worked directly on large estates but in other cases had some economic independence. 3. The "mean people"-those without meaningful skills. (Performing artists in this group despite upper classes enjoyment of plays/entertainment). Mean people punished for crime more harshly & required to wear green scarves. Household slaves also in class structure, but relatively few&China did not depend on slaves fo production.	39
5273830381	38. Explain why trade became increasingly important during the Zhou and particularly the Han dynasties.	Much trade focused on luxury items for upper class, produced by skilled artisans in cities—silks, jewelry, leather goods, furniture; food exchange between wheat&rice regions. Copper coins facilitated trade; merchants sponsored commercial visits to India. Trade/merchant class didn't =focal points of Chinese society;Confucian emphasis on learning/ political service= scorn for lives devoted to moneymaking. Gap between real importance & wealth of merchants & their officially low prestige= enduring legacy in Confucian China.	40
5273830382	39. Describe Chinese technological advances during the classical period.	Agricultural implements improved. Ox-drawn plows introduced 300 B.C.E.>greatly increased productivity. Under Han, new collar >draft animals pull plows/ wagons without chok¬ing (available to other parts of world many centuries later). Chinese iron mining=pulleys/winding gears. Iron tools & lamps widely used. Production methods in textiles&pottery =highly developed. Under Han 1st water-pow¬ered mills > gains in manufacturing. During Han, paper invented= boon to a system of gov¬ernment that emphasized bureaucracy. Classical China= far higher levels of technical expertise than Europe or western Asia in same period, a lead that it would long maintain.	41
5273830383	40. Explain the role of agriculture in classical China.	Farming technology> increase size of pop¬. in countryside; smaller land>support more families. China's agricultural base also >expansion of cities/manufacturing. Goods produced by arti¬sans in small shops/homes. Only minority of workforce involved manual methods>>output of tools, porcelain, textiles increased considerably, aided by interest in improving techniques.	42
5273830384	41. Describe the structure of family life in Chinese society.	resembled families in other agricultural civi¬lizations = importance of unity/ power of husbands/fathers. Stressed authority to unusual extremes: law courts didn't prosecute parents who injured/killed disobedient son; would severely punish child who scolded/attacked a parent. Emphasis on obedience to parents& wives' obedience to hus¬bands didn't>great friction. Pop¬ular culture stressed control of one's emotions; family seen as center of orderly hierarchy. Family= training ground for principles of author¬ity/restraint applied to larger social/ political world. Women=clearly defined roles&could sometimes gain power through sons & as mothers-in-law of younger women brought into household. Mother of Confucian philosopher, Mencius, said she had exerted considerable influence over him. Hier¬archical order for children: boys superior to girls & oldest son= most enviable position. Inheritance=pri¬mogeniture:oldest male child> inherit property & position.	43
5273830385	V. How Chinese Civilization Fits Together	...	44
5273830386	42. Why did Classical Chinese technology, religion, philosophy, and political structure evolve with very little outside contact?	Trade routes led to India & Middle East; most Chinese saw China as island of civilization sur¬rounded by barbarians with nothing to offer except threat of invasion. Proud of cul¬ture & its durability, Chinese had no need /desire to learn from other societies. Spread of Buddhism from India during/after Han decline= notable instance of cultural diffusion that altered China's religious map & artistic styles; but theme of unusual isolation developed in formative period of Chinese civilization>persistent in later world history.	45
5273830387	43. In what ways were the systems of government, belief, economy, and social structure closely meshed in classical China?	Centralized government/bureaucracy=clearest unity/focus to Chinese society; Confucianism=vital sup¬plement>> bureaucracy =trained corps with common ideals. Appreciation of distinctive artistic styles, poetry & literary tradition added to common culture. Political stability aided eco. growth & govt.= direct role in encouraging agriculture&industry> strong eco.> tax revenues. Eco. interests related to pragmatic Chinese view of science. Social relationships reinforced all; vision of stable hierar¬chy & tight family structure +strong impulse toward orderly politics instilled virtues of obedience/respect important to larger political system.	46
5273830388	VI. Global Connections	...	47
5273830389	44. Describe the Silk Roads and explain how it connected China and other regions.	China's silk >>valued in India, Middle East & Mediterranean. Trade in silk/luxury products> road network through central Asia =Silk Roads. During Han, Chinese govt. encouraged trade. Improved roads in China & Middle East, >>trade. Chinese emissary Zhang Qian traveled to western India. Most trade on Silk Roads carried by nomadic merchants; until well after the classical period no one trav¬eled all way between China & Mediterranean, but trade lively>attention to sea routes in Indian Ocean. Volume of Silk Road trade unknown, but gained attention in upper-class/government circles; it= initial framework on which global trad¬ing patterns would later elaborate.	48

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AP World History words Flashcards

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4820556764	Agrarian	a person who favors the equal division of landed property and the advancement of agricultural groups.	0
4820556765	Artisans	a person or company that makes a high-quality or distinctive product in small quantities, usually by hand or using traditional methods: our favorite local food artisans.	1
4820556766	Civilization	1.great economic food surplus 2.formal government 3."writing " 4.cities	2
4820556767	Conduit	A conduit is a person or country that links two or more other people or countries. Pakistan became a conduit for drugs produced in Afghanistan.	3
4820556768	Diffusion	Also called cultural diffusion. the transmission of elements or features of one culture to another.	4
4820556769	Divine	You use divine to describe something that is provided by or relates to a god or goddess. He suggested that the civil war had been a divine punishment.	5
4820556770	Egalitarian	asserting, resulting from, or characterized by belief in the equality of all people, especially in political, economic, or social life.	6
4820556771	Empires	An empire is a number of individual nations that are all controlled by the government or ruler of one particular country. ...the Roman Empire.	7
4820556772	Flora/fauna	the animals/ plants of a given region or period considered as a whole.	8
4820556773	Governance	The governance of a country is the way in which it is governed	9
4820556774	Ideogram (ideograph)	An ideogram is a sign or symbol that represents a particular idea or thing rather than a word. The writing systems of Japan and China, for example, use ideograms.	10
4820556775	Interactions	reciprocal action, effect, or influence.	11
4820556776	Metallurgy	the technique or science of working or heating metals so as to give them certain desired shapes or properties.	12
4820556777	Monotheism	the doctrine or belief that there is only one God.	13
4820556778	Pastoralism	the practice of herding as the primary economic activity of a society.	14
4820556779	Peopling	to furnish with people; populate.	15
4820556780	Polytheism	the doctrine of or belief in more than one god or in many gods.	16
4820556781	Stratified	A stratified society is one that is divided into different classes or social layers. ...a highly stratified, unequal and class-divided society.	17
4820556782	Textiles	of or relating to textiles or the production of textiles: the textile industry.	18
4820556783	Ancestor veneration	in certain societies) the veneration of ancestors whose spirits are frequently held to possess the power to influence the affairs of the living.	19
4820556784	Bureaucracy	an administrative system operated by a large number of officials.	20
4820556785	Codification	Law. the act, process, or result of stating the rules and principles applicable in a given legal order to one or more broad areas of life in this form of a code. the reducing of unwritten customs or case law to statutory form.	21
4820556786	Cultivation	land or crops, you prepare land and grow crops on it. an attitude, image, or skill, you try hard to develop it and make it stronger or better. someone or cultivate a friendship with them, you try hard to develop a friendship with them.	22
4820556787	Dissemination	to distribute information so that it reaches many people or organizations.	23
4820556788	Domesticated	When people domesticate wild animals or plants, they bring them under control and use them to produce food or as pets.	24
4820556789	Elite	the most powerful, rich, or talented people within a particular group, place, or society	25
4820556790	Facilitated	to assist the progress of	26
4820556791	Foraging	the acquisition of food by hunting, fishing, or the gathering of plant matter.	27
4820556792	Hierarchical	A hierarchical system or organization is one in which people have different ranks or positions, depending on how important they are.	28
4820556793	Innovations	a new thing or a new method of doing something.	29
4820556794	Kinship	the relationship between members of the same family.	30
4820556795	Migrations	a number or body of persons or animals relocating together.	31
4820556796	Monumental	of historical or enduring significance: a monumental victory.	32
4820556797	Patriarchal	of or relating to a patriarch, the male head of a family, tribe, community, church, order, etc.: my father's conservative, patriarchal ways.	33
4820556798	Pictogram (pictograph)	a record consisting of pictorial symbols, as a prehistoric cave drawing or a graph or chart with symbolic figures representing a certain number of people, cars, fa	34
4820556799	Social structure	the system or complex of beliefs held by members of a social group. the system of relations between the constituent groups of a society. the relationship between or the interrelated arrangement of the social institutions of a society or culture, as of mores, marriage customs, or family. the pattern of relationships, as of status or friendship, existing among the members of a group or society.	35
4820556800	Surplus	agricultural produce or a quantity of food grown by a nation or area in excess of its needs, especially such a quantity of food purchased and stored by a governmental program of guaranteeing farmers a specific price for certain crops.	36
4820556801	Transregional	Any activity that covers a region - which may be within a single country of covering several. The Roman Empire was transregional - crossing modern political divisons, straddling continents and crossing oceans.	37

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AP World History chapter 1 and 2 Flashcards

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7549129280			0
7548685929	Invasions by borderland peoples contributed significantly to the fall of what two empires?	1. Western Roman Empire 2. Han Empire	1
7548713485	Cultural commonalities (music, dance , language)were a major effect on whose migrations?	The Bantu Migrations	2
7548721143	Where did Buddhism spread from?	India, into China, Korea, and eventually Japan	3
7548739188	What two early civilizations shared similar characteristics of Urban centers, growing populations, and writing systems?	Mesopotamia and Egypt	4
7548760809	The biggest technological advancement and the development of iron came in where and when?	It came in Central Asia In c. 1500 B.C.E.	5
7548777338	What is the greatest difference between Middle Eastern Civilizations and those of Latin America?	Societies in ancient Latin America did not develop in river valley civilizations	6
7548795363	What was a major cultural continuity in Western Europe? When?	-Despite Christianity's growing popularity forms of pagan practices in Europe still existed. -c. 300 CE	7
7548821702	Why are myths useful historically?	They provide insight into the values and traditions of their societies.	8
7548833942	What is the practice of sati?	When women jump on their husbands funeral pyre.	9
7548852798	In classical times due to Confucian belief systems in Han China, who was looked down and heavily regulated?	the merchants	10
7548874287	What was a result of agriculture in early societies?	population density increased	11
7548888238	What is a major difference between Western and Eastern Europe by 600 CE?	Eastern Europe with the Byzantine Empire continued the ideal of the Roman Empire and had one of the world's largest Urban areas in Constantinople.	12
7548921944	In early Indian Ocean trade, traders from the Mediterranean highly sought what as a product to sell back in the Roman Empire?	pepper	13
7548931545	What idea is associated with Alexander the Great and Greek culture?	Hellenism	14
7548941783	Why did the Bantu people of Africa begin their migrations? What is it now?	Environmental changes in the area which is now the Sahara Desert.	15
7548975895	Who pushed on the Germanic tribes and forced them into the Western Roman Empire c. 400 CE?	The Huns	16
7548993816	Both Buddhism and Christianity share many characteristics but who only presented himself as being divine?	Jesus	17
7549026586	Why is it least likely that Judaism would have missionary activity?	The Jews viewed themselves as God's chosen people.	18
7549050916	What did Confucius argue about education?	That it is essential to becoming a refined gentleman	19
7549062431	What is St.Paul credited with?	Helping spread Christianity around the Eastern Mediterranean in its early years in the first century	20
7549079013	Why was the Roman Empire more heavily reliant on slavery than the Han Empire?	Roman agriculture was heavily reliant on slave labor for things such as wine production and the Han had technology like watermills for grinding grain.	21
7549099783	What is a major reason for the classical era ending in the year 600 CE?	Islam developed in Arabia c/ 610 CE with the teachings of the prophet Muhammad.	22
7549136831	Why could Monsoon winds in the Indian Ocean facilitate trade?	Mariners could use this knowledge to safely sail around the Indian Ocean basin by knowing the wind directions.	23
7549156280	The large scale construction of roads and bridges helped spur the development of long distance trade in the classical era from when?	100-500 CE	24
7549166594	What is a major reason for the fall of empires in the classical era?	Lack of tax revenue that stopped going back to the imperial capitals.	25
7549180081	What is another reason the year 600 CE is a turning point in World History?	By this time the old Western Roman Empire had fallen apart.	26
7549197213	What are two examples of pathogens that spread around the silk roads thru trade?	measles and smallpox	27
7549218128	Who did the Mesopotamians life influence and how?	- Phoenicians and Hebrews - with a tradition of writing that enabled both worship and trade	28
7549236759	Increased patriarchal forms of gender structure and the high status of males in early civilization correspond with the importance of what?	Wealth in a society	29
7549246686	What 4 terms are associated with religions that have their roots in South Asia?	-Karma -Dharma -Nirvana -The eight fold path	30
7549257703	Who had the worst gender relationships compared to places like Egypt?	India	31
7549265937	Nomadic peoples from Central Asia provided horses for who?	Chinese farmers with whom they traded with	32
7549281801	Human migrations had allowed for established communities in every habitable part of the world by what year?	700 CE	33
7549290867	What made it possible for Polynesian speaking peoples to settle in islands around the Pacific?	outrigger canoe	34
7549304074	In what 3 places were most people rural and engaged in agriculture and the maintenance of an adequate water supply?	-Mesopotamia -Egypt -Persia	35
7549325772	What schools thought that Confucianism and Daoism came out of a time of chaotic disunity known as the warring period?	China schools	36
7549340744	What time period did India go through enormous economic growth in long distance trade by land and sea routes?	321 BCE- 550 CE	37
7549348556	Why did Buddhism appeal to many common people?	It downplayed the caste system and emphasized individual freedoms.	38
7549358959	Daoism emphasizes harmony between what?	Humanity and nature	39
7549368776	What Greek philosopher is associated with the idea of relying on ones seasons and reason to explain reality?	Aristotle	40
7549380287	What empire is most known for its contribution in the field of mathematics. The concept of zero and the decimal point?	The Gupta Empire	41
7549389255	The Roman concept of PATERFAMILIAS is a means to what?	Providing order in society most closely resembled the patriarchal structure of Han China	42
7549405471	During the Pax Roman, the greatest growth was seen in newly founded cities in places such as where?	-Britain -Gaul (France) -Spain	43
7549422012	The most prominent faith of silk road merchants from 200 -700 CE was who?	Buddhism	44
7549435080	What is a key reason for the collapse of the Han Dynasty in 220 CE?	Conflicts with peasants over land redistribution	45
7549445600	Why did Constantinople enjoy a good geographic location?	It was situated on a high peninsula, the Golden Horn was a natural harbor, it could control the Bosporus strait and the Black Sea, and it was at the crossroads of Europe and Asia.	46
7549471551	Who was the Great Byzantine emperor who kept alive the idea of Roman rule thru the use of his famous law code?	Justinian	47
7549483497	Shortly after 600 CE, who returned to dynastic rule with the emergence of the Tang Dynasty?	China	48

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