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AP World History Semester 1 Rome Flashcards

5710906465	Romulus and Remus	Twins who according to legend founded the city of Rome in 753 BC. According to legend, they were twin sons of the god Mars and a Latin princess. They were abandoned on the Tiber River as infants and raised by a she-wolf. The twins then decided to build a city near the spot.	0
5710917302	Tiber river	A major river in Italy; Rome is built on its banks	1
5710922150	Etruscans	Culture that ruled Rome prior to the republic; ruled through powerful kings and well organized armies; Romans won independence ca. 509 B.C.E. Laid the foundation for Rome and Roman civilization	2
5710928793	Roman Republic	The ancient Roman state from 509 BC until Augustus assumed power in 27 BC. was governed by an elected Senate but dissatisfaction with the Senate led to civil wars that culminated in a brief dictatorship by Julius Caesar.	3
5710934278	Consul	In the Roman republic, one of the two powerful officials elected each year to command the army and direct the government	4
5710938278	Senate	In ancient Rome, the supreme governing body, originally made up only of aristocrats; 300 members who served for life.	5
5710952288	Patricians	members of the landholding upper class	6
5710956112	Plebians	Members of the lower class of Ancient Rome including farmers, merchants, artisans and traders	7
5710966047	Twelve Tables of Roman Law	The earliest written collection of Roman laws, drawn up by patricians about 450B.C., that became the foundation of Roman law	8
5710972135	Gaul	The area that is now France. Caesar conquered to bring the area under Roman control.	9
5710974751	Legion	A military unit of the ancient Roman army, made up of about 5,000 foot soldiers and a group of soldiers on horseback.	10
5710978972	Century	Roman army officer (commanding a company of about 100 soldiers)	11
5710984160	First Punic War	264 BC to 241 BC. Cause- carthage feared Rome would take over Sicily, Rome feared Carthage would control Mediterranean and block expansion (strait of Messina). Result- Rome wins, Carthage pays indemnity, Carthage is forced to give up sicily	12
5710987286	Second Punic War	218 B.C. - 202 B.C., Hannibal decides to attack Rome, Sneaks through Gaul with 60,000 troops and 60 Elephants, Wreaks havoc in Rome for 15 years, Roman general named Scipio attacked Carthage making Hannibal come back to Carthage. Carthage defeated	13
5710993895	Hannibal	Carthaginian military commander who, in the Second Punic War, attempted a surprise attack on Rome, crossing the Alps with a large group of soldiers, horses, and elephants.	14
5710993896	Battle of Zama	The battle in 202 BC in which Scipio decisively defeated Hannibal at the end of the second Punic War	15
5711002541	Scipio	Roman general who commanded the invasion of Carthage in the second Punic War and defeated Hannibal at Zama (circa 237-183 BC)	16
5711012926	Sulla	88 - 82 BC; A Roman general and a conservative politician, holding the office of consul twice as well as the dictatorship. A gifted and effective general, he marched his armies on Rome twice, enjoying the absolute power of a dictator. As dictator, he enacted a series of reforms to the Roman constitution that sought to strengthen the aristocracy. His dictatorship, however, marked the beginning of the end of the Constitution of the Roman Republic, and to the Roman Republic itself.	17
5711016443	Spartacus	70 BC; slave, trained as a gladiator, who led a rebellion against the roman army for slave freedom- he was killed after two years	18
5711020069	Pompey	Part of first Triumvirate; Roman general and statesman who quarreled with Caesar and and was forced to flee with his army to Egypt (after the battle of Pharsalus) where he was murdered (106-48 BC)	19
5711023610	Crassus	General who defeated Spartacus. Crucified 6,600 slaves on the Alpennine way. Richest man in Rome who shared command with Caesar and Pompey until he was killed in battle in 53 B.C.	20
5711032802	Julius Caesar	Roman general and dictator, Made dictator for life in 45 BCE, after conquering Gaul, assinated in 44 BCE by the Senate because they were afraid of his power.	21
5711040098	Rubicon	A river in northern Italy that Julius Caesar crossed with his army, in violation of the orders of the leaders in Rome, who feared his power. A civil war followed, in which Caesar emerged ruler of Rome.	22
5711043313	Latifundia	Huge estates owned by wealthy families	23
5711049808	Cleopatra	Last pharaoh of Egypt; had relationships with Julius Caesar and Marc Antony; Octavian's enemy	24
5711053789	Battle of Actium	Naval battle between Marcus Antony and Octavian for control of the empire. Octavian won in 31 B.C.	25
5711053790	Octavian Augustus	63BC-14AD. Charismatic & good leader, Julius Caesar's grandnephew. By defeating Mark Antony, he gained rule of all Roman lands. He was Rome's first true emperor. Patron of the arts, enlarged empire, restored order, starts Pax Romana. -13 years of civil unrest after Caesar's death -Octavian (Augustus) was the nephew/son of Caesar -Defeated Marc Antony & Cleopatra in 31 B.C.E. -Ruled for 45 years	26
5711057733	Pax Romana	A period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 B.C. to A.D. 180.	27
5711063141	Virgil	Greatest poet of the Golden Age, called the "Homer of Rome" because the Iliad and the Odyssey served as models for his epic, the Aeneid; focus on Patriotism; it took 10 years to write	28
5711066240	Ovid	The love poet	29
5711076904	Tacitus	A Roman historian who presented the facts accurately. He wrote about the good and the bad of imperial Rome in his histories.	30
5711080779	Tiberius	Son-in-law of Augustus who became a suspicious tyrannical Emperor of Rome after a brilliant military career, Adopted son of Augustus; Continues many of Octavian's policies; Married Octavian's daughter; Suspicious of aristocrats in the Senate; Many people were executed on rumors	31
5711084038	Caligula	Roman Emperor who succeeded Tiberius and whose uncontrolled passions resulted in manifest insanity, Only ruled for four years, mentally unstable. He had an affair with his sister and named them both as Gods. He also named his horse a consul.	32
5711093911	Nero	Roman Emperor notorious for his monstrous vice and fantastic luxury (was said to have started a fire that destroyed much of Rome in 64) but the Empire remained prosperous during his rule (37-68), persecuted Christians, had his mother killed and confiscated property to build his palace the Domus Aurea	33
5711099238	Eruption of Mt. Vesuvious	79 CE	34
5711104987	Hadrian	117 - 138 CE, Roman Emperor who was the adoptive son of Trajan; travelled throughout his empire to strengthen its frontiers and encourage learning and architecture; on a visit to Britain in 122 he ordered the construction of Hadrian's Wall	35
5711104988	Marcus Aurelius	Emperor of Rome, Last of the "Good Emperors", Wrote "Meditations" personal reflections of his beliefs, End of the Pax Romana	36
5711109277	Diocletian	Roman emperor of 284 C.E. Attempted to deal with fall of Roman Empire by splitting the empire into two regions run by co-emperors. Then set up a Tetrarchy. Also brought armies back under imperial control, and attempted to deal with the economic problems by strengthening the imperial currency, forcing a budget on the government, and capping prices to deal with inflation. Civil war erupted upon his retirement.	37
5711113095	Constantine	Roman emperor (312-337 CE). After reuniting the Roman Empire, he moved the capital to Constantinople and made Christianity a favored religion.	38
5711117295	Edict of Milan	Order issued by Constantine which made Christianity an accepted religion in the empire (no longer persecuted); 313 AD	39
5711122998	Theodosius	379-395 CE He divides the Roman Empire into two different empires (Roman & Byzantine). He also makes Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire.	40
5711126117	Romulus Augustus	Last emperor of the Western Roman Empire; deposed by the Germanic tribe in 476	41
5711139449	Visigoths	Germanic people who migrated to Rome, originally came from Scandinavia and Russia. They adapted Roman cultures and provided troops for the Roman army. They created settlements around Rome, and stormed and sacked it in 410. The western part of the Roman Empire was in shambles by the mid fifth century CE.	42
5711142657	Huns	Warlike people who migrated from Eastern Europe into territory controlled by Germanic tribes, forcing them to move into areas controlled by Rome	43
5711142890	Justinian	The Byzantine Emperor 527 - 565 CE who developed Justinian's code, built the Hagia Sophia, walls, and the Hippodrome	44
5711161345	Conflicts between Patricians and Plebeians	-Relations between the classes became strained that the plebeians threatened to secede from Rome and establish a rival settlement -The patricians granted plebeians the right to elect officials (tribunes) who represented their interests in the Roman government -Originally plebeians chose 2 tribunes but then that changed to 10 -Problems continued to rise and eventually broadened to the base of political participation -In early 5th century Plebeians threatened to secede Plebeians were granted right to elect Tribunes -2-10 tribunes elected -Had power to intervene in politics -Given veto power	45
5711167823	Punic Wars	-264 - 146 B.C.E. -First Punic War 264-241 BCE -Fought over Sicily -Rome won -Second Punic War 218 BCE -General Hannibal attacked from North -Crossed Alps on elephants -Had to return to Carthage - Rome won -Third Punic War 149 - 146 BCE -Rome attacked/ Burned Carthage -Rome Won	46
5711193395	Roman Roads	-Deep roads -Curbs -Drainage -Paved w/ stone -Large enough for 2 way traffic -Milestones -Stations for couriers	47
5711202887	Pater Families	-Patriarchal tradition of eldest male ruling family -Women had some power within the home, especially in wealthy families -Pater Familias had authority to: -Arrange marriages -Punish family members -Sell relatives into slavery -Execute family	48
5711210708	Cult of Isis	-Allowed both men and women followers -Most popular religion of salvation prior to Christianity -Egyptian goddess was benevolent and protective	49
5711216411	Christianity	-Paul of Tarsus was disciple of Jesus -Appealed his case -Traveled to spread the word of Jesus -Argued that faith must come before individual or family	50

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AP World History-- China Flashcards

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5158333874	domesticate	cultivating for human use	0
5158340092	dynasty	a powerful ruling family	1
5158342583	edict	official order/decree issued by authority	2
5158346256	egalitarian	equal rights for all	3
5158352065	emigrate	leave a place, move from	4
5158355466	ethnocentric	belief that one's own race is superior to all others	5
5158359646	genocide	extermination of an entire race	6
5158362329	gentry	higher class, land owning wealthy familes	7
5158366621	heirarchy	order of power in which most powerful are on the top	8
5158370835	homogenous	the same throughout	9
5158439839	what is the Chinese name for china?	Chung Kuo	10
5158441808	what does Chung Kuo mean	middle kingdom	11
5158449406	"china is a sea that salts all the rivers that run into it." what does the salt represent?	chinese culture; it was so strong that the people that invaded china were influenced by it	12
5158456466	which river is in the North of CHina?	the Huang He river	13
5158459008	which river is in the south of china?	the Yangtze river	14
5158463308	near which river did civilization begin	the Huang He river	15
5158470475	what is another name for the huang he river	the yellow river	16
5158474681	which river is china's sorrow	the huang he river	17
5158479665	why was the river named 'china's sorrow'	bc so many people drowned in it	18
5158484029	is the environment better in the north or the south??	the south bc the rains come in summer/growing time	19
5158490764	did the north or the south have more famines	the north, rainfall was less predictable	20
5158494821	what percent of all arable land is in china	7%	21
5158498002	how much of the world's population is in china	23%	22
5158503347	what kind of agriculture is found in the north	dry agriculture	23
5158505082	what is an example of dry agriculture	grains (ie noodles)	24
5158508030	what kind of agriculture is found in the south	wet agriculture	25
5158510621	what is an example of wet agriculture	riceee	26
5158518026	what kind of coasts does northern china have	smooth coasts	27
5158521503	what kind of coasts does southern china have	jagged coasts	28
5158524503	what is the advantage of having jagged coasts	they formed natural harbors, allowing for more trade	29
5158527878	which part of china is generally viewed as more open/accepting	southern china	30
5158530665	what percentage of land in china is used for grazing	2%	31
5158533167	what kinds of meat replaces beef in china	chicken/pork	32
5158536866	what is the significance of chicken/pigs being the main meat source	they're both scavengers	33
5158541352	what type of food preparation originated in china	stir fry	34
5158543557	what kind of pot is used to make stir fry	a wok	35
5158551868	what is the rich topsoil found in the yellow river called	loess	36
5158556202	what is one of the largest deserts in the world found in china	the gobi desert	37
5158562957	what does the Taklamankan desert's name translate to	enter and you shall never return	38
5158568602	who was the giant dragon that created the mountains and the earth?	Pan-Gu	39
5158572051	what was the first (unofficial) dynasaty in china?	the Xia dynasty	40
5158592409	why is the Xia dynasty not considered an official dynasty	they didn't have writing	41
5158683917	who were the people of the Xia dynasty	the Yangshan people	42
5158687668	what was the culture of the Xia dynasty	Longshan culture	43
5158695320	what do silkworms eat	mulberry leaves	44
5158701661	how many pounds of mulberry leaves does it take to make 1 pound of silk	100	45
5158708463	Who helped organize the Xia dynasty and build dikes	Yu the Great	46
5158718086	what was the first (official) chinese dynasty	the Shang dynasty	47
5158725377	why was the shang dynasty considered the first dynasty	bc it had writing	48
5158729936	when did the shang dynasty start/how long did it last	1532-1027 BCE	49
5158753420	which dynasty had the longest lasting influence on china's culture	the shang dynasty	50
5158789124	what did the chinese first write on	oracle bones	51
5158792615	what were oracle bones used for	to predict the future	52
5158797082	in what orientation do the chinese write	up to down	53
5158802060	what was the most common material to write on before paper	bamboo sticks	54
5158802061	who developed paper	the chinese	55
5158807039	how many characters had to be known in order for a person to be considered literate	1000	56
5158811490	how many characters had to be known in order for a person to be considered a scholar	10,00	57
5158813786	what was the 'glue that held china together'	writing	58
5158815348	how did writing unify china	it could be understood by anyone who could read, regardless of language spoken	59
5158836361	what is the art of writing	calligraphy	60
5158839769	what does the symbol for 'man' mean	rice field and strength	61
5158842287	what does the symbol for 'woman' mean	submission/respect	62
5158844665	what kind of a society was china	patriarchal society	63
5158849296	could chinese women own land?	no, land was owned by men	64
5158854134	noble women married via	arranged marriages	65
5158858057	why was writing developed in china	to communicate with the divine world	66
5158860610	why was writing developed in mesopotamia	for economic transactions	67
5158863072	why was writing developed in egypt	for religious purposes	68
5158866804	why were teachers/scholars so highly regarded	they took the time to learn a lot of symbols, which was difficult	69
5158870663	early chinese writing was based on-----	pictographs	70
5158875519	what was an early/basic religion in china	animism	71
5158875520	what is animisim	the belief that the whole world/inanimate objects are inhabited by spirits	72
5158883279	what contributions were made by the Shang dynasaty	bronze age, decimal system, chopsticks	73
5158887524	when was ancestral worship established?	During the Shang dynasty	74
5158889730	what was ancestral worship	praying to/asking advice from one's ancestors	75
5158895574	when was the Zhou dynasty	1027-256 BCE	76
5158898604	what was the second chinese dynasty	the Zhou dynasty	77
5158903841	what new concept was introduced that allowed the Zhou dynasty to overthrow the Shang dynasty	Mandate of Heaven	78
5158906775	what did the mandate of heaven state	right to rule came fro the heavens, if a ruler was bad, the people have the right to overthrow them	79
5158915078	who overthrew the Shang dynasty	Wu Wang	80
5158920486	what was the capital of the Zhou dynasty	Xi'An	81
5158923924	how long did the Zhou dynasty last	900 years	82
5158930071	when was a feudal state developed	during the Zhou dynasty	83
5158940144	what was one way that chinese ethnocentrism was displayed	the chinese always put china in the middle of their world maps, china was the most important to them	84
5158954996	what is the basic setup of feudalism	land is given from the king to nobles in exchange for their allegiance/soldiers	85
5158961872	was feudalism a strong form of gevernment	no, the monarch had no real power and it ended in chaos	86
5158998561	what problems were caused by the large size of empires	transportation/communication issues	87
5159004564	how was the downfall of feudalism brought about	lords refused to listen to central government, land falls into warfare among lords	88
5159013221	what establishments supported agricultural comminuties	manor systems	89
5159016945	what followed the downfall of feudalism	the period of the Warring States	90
5159020520	how long did the period of warring states last	300 years	91
5159026070	who was a well known warlord during the period of warring states	Hu the Tiger	92
5159035678	what were the three major philosophies brought on by the end of the Warring States	Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism	93
5159043650	who was the founder of confucianism	confucius	94
5159047638	when did Confucius live	551-479 BCE	95
5159053476	what were the 6 principles of confucianism	-lead a good life without worrying about death -what you don't want done to yourself, don't do to others -live life in the middle way--practice moderation -observe the five relationships -respect your ancestors -rulers should be good--good governments depend on their rulers having good characters	96
5159068975	what are the five relationships of confucianism	-ruler/subject -father/son -husband/wife -brother/brother -friend/friend	97
5159079111	what was the book of Confucius's teachings	the Analects	98
5159088996	what did "daoism" mean	dao--the way	99
5159091687	who founded daoism	Lao Tzu	100
5159094637	what did Daoism teach	live life in harmony with nature, live a simple life	101
5159116701	what does Yin and Yang mean	balance	102
5159118639	what does Yin mean	earth, female, passive, dark, cold	103
5159121893	what does Yang mean	heaven, male, active, light, heat	104
5159129120	what is the Daoist view on government	the less government, the better	105
5159132590	what was alchemy seeking to discover	the elixir of life, eternal life	106
5159138436	who was a famous daoist	a. a. milne	107
5159146824	what was the basis of Legalism	wants a powerful government--a ruler should govern, people should obey	108
5159161617	what was the third chinese dynasty	the Qin dynasty	109
5159168418	who was the 'first emporer'	Shi Hvangdi	110
5159175198	how did Shi Hvangdi come into power	legalism	111
5159182848	what form of government did the Qin dynasty utilize	Centralized bureaucracy	112
5159259278	what did the Qin dynasty accomplish	mass standardization of laws/currencies/weights/measures/systems of writing	113
5159268199	how long is the great wall of china	1400 miles	114
5159272568	what giant infrastructure was completed during the Qin dynasty	the Great Wall of China	115
5159277654	how did the Qin dynasty improve transportation	a road system was established	116
5159285901	Shi Hvangdi was buried with----	8000+ terracotta soldiers	117
5159292909	what was the legalist view on humanity	humans were inherently bad, needed strong rulers to keep from destroying each other	118
5159303702	what brought forth the end of the Qin dynasty	unhappy/repressed peasants	119
5159308483	what was the five class hierarchy	-scholars -farmers -artisans -merchants -soldiers/thieves/plunderers	120
5159315700	why were scholars on the top of the social hierarchy	it takes a lot of work/dedication to become a scholar	121
5159320602	why were farmers second in the social hiercarchy	farmers produced what was necessary for human life (ie food)	122
5159324461	why were artisans third in the social hierchary	artisans created not what was necessary, but what was useful/enjoyed	123
5159329573	why were merchants fourth in the social hierarchy	merchants don't create anything by themselves	124
5159331914	why were soldiers/thieves/plunderers fifth in the social hierarchy	they destroyed what others provided	125

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AP world history Flashcards

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5640409200	The Sahara held rich desposits of which highly valued commodity?	Salt	0
5640409201	The absence of which of the following made long-distance trade in the Americas difficult pre modern era?	Wheeled vehicles	1
5640409202	In which third- wave civilization did the state largely control trade, preventing a professional merchant class from emerging?	Inca	2
5640409203	Between 500 and 1500, the civilizations of Mesoamerica and the Andes	Seem to have had little direct contact with each other	3
5640409204	How did the spread of Islam affect Indian Ocean commerce?	Muslim merchants and sailors established communities of traders from East Africa to the south China coast	4
5640409205	How did the Silk Road trade affect peasants in China?	Peasants focused more on producing luxury goods	5
5640409206	The Political structure of Swahili civilization was similar to the	Competitive and independent city-states of Ancient Greece	6
5640409207	Which of the following characterizes the networks of exchange in the Americas?	Networks were local, with the most active links within rather than between regions	7
5640409208	Which statement characterizes the networks and webs of exchange that connected different parts of the world from 500 to 1500?	Interaction among the major civilizations operated on a relatively equal basis	8
5640409209	The Sand Roads linked North Africa and the Mediterranean world to the land and peoples	Interior West Africa	9
5640409210	Compared to modern American ideas about democracy, Athenian democracy was distinctive in	Urging that all citizens participate directly in lawmaking and policy making	10
5640409211	The Qin dynasty differed from the Zhou in that	It was more centralized	11
5640409212	In the classical period, both China and India	Showed considerable tolerance for different religions	12
5640409213	The development of agriculture caused important changes in all of the following except	The tendency to believe in many gods	13
5640409214	Which of the following groups was considering "low standing" in official Chinese social hierarchy?	Merchants	14
5640409215	Both Rome and the ancient Greeks depended on slavery. One result of this was	Both groups lagged in technological advances when compared to the Chinese or the Indians	15
5640409216	By 600 C. E., an early civilization was beginning to take shape in	Central America	16
5640409217	The characteristics political organization of the Tigris-Euphrates civilization was	Regional city states	17
5640409218	The Senate of republican Rome particularly represented	The landed aristocracy	18
5640409219	India's political tradition	Stressed the importance of regional and local units	19
5640409220	One difference between classical civilizations and river valley civilizations was that in classical civilizations	Political organizations were more elaborate	20
5640409221	Hunting and gathering societies	Organize rather small groups into political units	21
5640409222	The Paleolithic Age refers to	The period in which simple stone tools were developed	22
5640409223	Which of the following contributed to the doubling of the Chinese population during the Tang and Song dynasties?	The adoption of a fast-ripening strain of rice from Vietnam	23
5640409224	Those who participated in the Chinese tribute system gained	The opportunity to trade in China	24
5640409225	Which of the following explains why women's lives were more restricted in the Song Dynasty than in the Tang Dynasty?	The revival of Confucianism	25
5640409226	Which of the following contributed to China's economic prosperity during the Tang and Song Dynasties?	A complex network of internal waterways that provided cheap transportation	26
5640409227	What do the Xiongnu, the Uighurs, the Khitan, and the Jurchen have in common?	All four required China to send them valuable goods in return for not attacking China	27
5640409228	Which of the following was technological innovation that spread from China to the rest of Eurasia?	Printing	28
5640409229	Which of the following was a factor in the growth of Buddhism in China after 300 C. E.?	Disorder increased following the collapse of the Han Dynasty, which discredited Confucianism	29
5640409230	Which of the following was a political contribution of the Tang and Song dynasties?	The introduction of administrative procedures that made the bureaucracy obsolete	30
5640409231	What did Korea, Japan, and Vietnam develop that reflected their unique culture?	Their own writing systems	31
5640409232	Which of the following shows the effect of the Indian a ocean trade on China?	The transformation of southern China from a subsistence economy to an export-oriented economy	32
5640409233	The emergence of the samurai reflected Japan's	decentralized political structure	33
5640498455	Which of the following aspects of Arab tribal life was reinforced in the Quran?	solidarity	34
5640505070	Membership in the Islamic community known as the umma was based on a common	faith	35
5640512009	Which of the following was a feature of Islam that ran counter to Hinduism in India?	the notion of equality of all believers	36
5640520310	Which of the following religious traditions blended elements of Hinduism and Islam?	Sikhism	37
5640527390	Islam had roots in which set of religious or philosophical traditions?	Judaism, Christianity, and Zoroastrianism	38
5640530681	Why was the city of Mecca important?	It was the site of the Kaaba, where pilgrims congregated	39
5640540460	Which of the following statements expresses a view of women found in the Quran?	Women were spiritually equal to men	40
5640552348	Sufi practitioners facilitated the conversion to Islam of people living in Anatolia and India by	emphasizing personal experience of the divine rather than the law	41
5640558688	Which of the following was a goal of the education offered at the madrassas?	To preserve an established body of Islamic learning	42
5640575508	Which of the following refers to the pilgrimage to Mecca that Muslims should try to make at least once in their lifetime?	Hajj	43
5640646125	Which of the following is an example of a European innovation made possible by borrowing technologies from other civilizations?	The use of gunpowder in cannons	44
5640664409	Which of the following features of the Byzantine Empire did the new civilization of Kievan Rus adopt?	The political ideals of imperial control of the Church	45
5640689999	Which of the following describes the relationship between politics and religion in Western Europe from 500 to 1300?	Rulers provided protection for the Church in return for religious legitimacy	46
5640699488	Which of the following was evidence of the expansion and growth of European civilization during the High Middle Ages?	There was a considerable increase in long-distance trade	47
5640713784	Which of the following describes Christian communities in the Middle East and North Africa from 650 to 1300?	Shrinking communities of second-class subjects	48
5640724758	How did economic growth and urbanization during the High Middle Ages affect women in Western Europe?	Women practiced trades and sometimes trained female apprentices	49
5640742907	What advantage did the Byzantine Empire have that enabled it to survive as a political entity for a thousand years longer than the western part of the Roman Empire?	A stronger military	50
5640750727	Which of the following was a long-term impact of the Crusades in Europe?	Spain, Sicily, and the Baltic region permanently joined the world of Western Christendom	51
5640761397	Disagreement over which of the following contributed to the split between the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church?	Veneration of icons	52
5640775987	In Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire, what system emerged that emphasizes the reciprocal ties between a king and his vassals, and between a lord and his serfs?	Feudalism	53
5640784045	Which of the following describes a feature of the Byzantine state?	The emperor claimed to be God's representative on earth	54
5640787226	Which of the following brought the Byzantine Empire to an end?	The capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Empire	55
5642511426	What aspects of Chinese civilization did Mongol rulers in the Yuan dynasty adopt?	The traditional Confucian rituals	56
5642511427	Which of the following was a long-term effect of the Black Death on European society?	Labor shortages that weakened serfdom	57
5642511428	Which of the following facilitated the creation of the Mongol Empire?	The territories the Mongols invaded were experiencing internal divisions	58
5642511429	Which of the following describes pastoral societies' relationship with agricultural societies?	Pastoral societies sought foodstuffs, manufactured goods, and luxury items from agricultural societies	59
5642511430	Mongol rule in Russia facilitated the rise to power of which city?	Moscow	60
5642511431	In comparison to the Mongol conquests of Persia and China, Mongol rule in Russia	Was not accompanied by Mongol occupation	61
5642511432	Like the Arabs and the Persians, the Turks between the tenth and fourteenth centuries	Converted to Islam and introduced the religion to the areas they conquered	62
5642511433	Which of the following describes the role pastoral societies played in world history before the Mongol Empire?	They created a series of pastoral empires and controlled major trade routes	63
5642511434	A characteristic feature of pastoral societies was their	Mobility	64
5642511435	Which of the following is a reason Western Europe was not conquered by the Mongols?	Western Europe lacked adequate pasture for Mongol herds	65
5642511436	Which reason gained the most from the exchanges of ideas and technologies facilitated by the Mongol Empire?	Europe	66
5642511437	Why did the maritime expeditions of the Indian Ocean basin sponsored by the Ming emperor suddenly stop in 1433?	The emperor's successors viewed expansion as a waste of resources	67
5642511438	In its effort to recover from the disruption of Mongol rule, where did the Mong dynasty look for inspiration?	The culture of past Chinese dynasties	68
5642511439	Which of the following reflected the fragmented and competitive political environment in Europe in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries?	The Hundred Years' War	69
5642511440	Which of the following was a motivation for European expansion but not for Chinese expansion in the fifteenth century?	To gain direct access to the wealth of Africa and Asia	70
5642511441	Which if the following is true of the Mughal Empire?	It established unified control over most of the Indian peninsula	71
5642511442	What feature did the Mughal Empire and Songhay Empire share?	The rulers were Muslim, but the majority of the population was not	72
5642511443	The wars carried out by the Aztec Empire were linked to the	Practice of human sacrifice	73
5642511444	In the fifteenth century, the gathering and hunting way of life associated with the Paleolithic era persisted in	Australia	74
5642511445	Which of the following was the most centralized, unified, and prosperous of the world's major civilizations in the fifteenth century?	China	75
5642511446	Which of the following was a value emphasized in the Renaissance?	Humanism	76
5642511447	Which empire ended the Byzantine Empire and came the closest to conquering Europe?	Ottoman Empire	77
5642511448	How was Islam introduced into Southeast Asia and West Africa?	By traveling merchants	78
5642511449	In what way were the Aztec and Inca empires similar?	Both were marginal people who conquered and absorbed older cultures	79
5642511450	What did the Aztec Empire require conquered people to do?	Pay tribute	80
5642511451	In the fifteenth century, long-distance trade shifted to	East Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Indian Ocean	81
5642511452	Which of the following distinguished the empires of Western Europe from other empires?	They were initiated by maritime expansion	82
5642511453	Which of the following region experienced the least racial mixing and was the least willing to recognize the offspring of interracial unions?	British North America	83
5642511454	Which of the following was a reason that Portugal, Spain, France, and Britain were the first to expand into the New World?	They were on the Atlantic coast and were closer to the Americas	84
5642511455	Why did some Native Americans aid the Spanish in their initial invasion of the New World?	To gain an advantage against their own enemies	85
5642511456	The colonial economy of the Spanish Empire in former Aztec and Inca lands was	Based on commercial agriculture and mining	86
5642511457	How did many Native Americans in Mesoamerica and Peru respond to Spanish missionaries' efforts to convert them to Catholicism?	They blended their old customs into Catholic practices	87
5642511458	Which of the following describes slavery in Latin America?	Large-Scale importation of new slaves continued into the nineteenth century	88
5642511459	How did Chinese and Russian expansion into Central Asia affect the nomadic people inhabiting the steppe lands?	They no longer enjoyed political independence and economic prosperity	89
5642511460	The Mughal ruler Akbar favored policies that promoted	A cosmopolitan (worldly) and hybrid Indian-Persian-Turkic culture	90
5642511461	Which of the following was a result of the Ottoman Empire's policy toward the Christian population in southeastern Europe?	Christian communities enjoyed considerable autonomy over their own affairs	91
5642511462	Which if the following was an outcome of the establishment of European empires in the Americas.	The emergence of an Atlantic world connecting four continents	92
5642511463	How did silver from the mines of Mexico and Peru affect international commerce?	It enabled Europeans to buy Chinese tea, silk, and porcelain	93
5642511464	Which of the following is an example of the Columbian exchange?	The introduction of corn and potatoes into the Afro-Eurasian diet	94
5642511465	Which of the following policies contributed to the growth of Hindu opposition to Mughal rule by the late seventeenth century?	Reinstatement of the jizya	95
5642511466	Which of the following resulted from Russia's westward expansion in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?	A program of westernization in Russia	96

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AP World Period 4 Flashcards

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6078076190	Vasco De Gama	Portuguese, sailed beneath the southern tip of Africa into the Indian Ocean	0
6078076191	Magellan	Portuguese, tried to sail around the World	1
6078076192	English East India Comapny	1600, started by individual citizens who would travel to India and resell the goods in England for higher prices	2
6078076194	Aztec Empire	Empire in central Mexico, capital was Tenochtitlan, military based empire	3
6078076195	Montezuma	Ninth Aztec emperor, famous for his confrontation with Hernes Cortes	4
6078076196	Cavavels	A small, highly maneuverable sailing ship created by the Portuguese	5
6078076197	English East India Company	Stock company, travelled to India and would resell Indian goods in England for high prices, the foundation of coperations	6
6078076198	Colombian Exchange	Trade of livestock, vegetables, coffee, tobacco, disease, and slaves from the Old World to the New World, caused a dramatic demographic shift in the Americas	7
6078076199	Jamestown	First British colony in North America, named after King James I of ENgland	8
6078076200	Little Ice Age	Period between 1300-1870 in which Europe and North America were subjected to colder winds	9
6078076201	Chattel Slavery	The owning of human beings as property	10
6078076202	Louis XIV	Revoked the Edict of Nantes, ruled for 72 years, known as the "sun king"	11
6078076204	Mercantilism	A system in which a country accumulates wealth through trade	12
6078076205	Sikhism	A religion formed in the late 15th century in India	13
6078076206	Peninsulars	A European (Spanish or Portuguese) living in the Americas, small % of the population	14
6078076207	Creoles	A European born in the Americas	15
6078076208	Mestizos	A person with both European and Native descent	16
6078076209	Treaty of Tordesillas	A compromise between the Spanish and the Portuguese which gave both of them land in the Americas	17
6078076211	Pizzaro	Spanish conquistador, killed Inca Empire and brought the lands under Spanish control	18
6078076212	Erasmus	Catholic priest, learned to speak Greek so he could translate the original bible	19
6078076213	Humanism	The ideology that you can still enjoy the world around you while reaching salvation, a mixture of Catholicism and Secularism	20
6078076215	Council of Trent	A meeting to make reforms to the Catholic church in response to the Protestant reformation	21
6078076216	Diet of Worms	Meeting between Pope Leo X, Charles V, and Martin Luther, Pope Leo tries to make Luther repent his sins, Luther leaves as a heratic	22
6078076217	John Calvin	Calvinism, pre-destination: god's plan	23
6078076220	Society of Jesus (Jesuits)	A society devoted to Catholic education and missionary work	24
6078076221	Thirty Years War	A series of wars in the Holy Roman Empire, ended in 1648 with the treaty of Westphalia	25
6078076222	Treaty of Westphalia	Ended the Thirty Years War, allowed German princes to choose their faith, Europe is permanently religiously divided	26
6078076223	Henry VIII	Tudor family, created the Church of England, had six wives	27
6078076225	Elizabeth I	Stabilized England by creating the Anglican Church	28
6078076231	Absolute Monarchy	A form of government in which the king has absolute authority over the state	29
6078076233	Charles I	Didn't work with parliament, raised tax to be apart of the Thirty Years War, arrested the Parliament which led to the English Civil War, Executed for treason	30
6078076234	Oliver Cromwell	New leader of the English republic/commonwealth, had strict puritan laws (anti-anglican, extreme protestant)	31
6078076236	Glorious Revolution	The overthrow of James II by William and Mary of Orange, "bloodless revolution"	32
6078076237	Cardinal Richelieu	Regent for Louis XIII (9 year old king), Clergy of French Catholic Church	33
6078076238	Louis XIV	72 years long rule, revoked the "edict of nantes" (edict that let huguenots worship freely)	34
6078076239	Adam Smith	Scottish philosopher and economist, wrote the "wealth of nations"	35
6078076242	Hacienda	(spanish) a large estate or plantation with a dwelling house	36
6078076244	Indentured Servant	Men or woman who signed a contract in by which they agreed to work a certain number of years in exchange for food, transportation, and housing (North America)	37
6078076246	Songhai Empire	Western African empire in the 15th and 16th century	38
6078076249	King Alfonso I	First African king to convert to Catholicism	39
6078076251	Triangular Slave Trade	The exchange of crops, livestock, luxury goods, and slaves between Europe, Africa, and the New World	40
6078076252	Middle Passage	The transfer of slaves across the Atlantic Ocean, horrible conditions, 25% died on voyage	41
6078076253	African Diaspora	Spread of Africans, creation of African-American culture	42
6078076260	Romanov Dynasty	The second dynasty to rule over Russia, ruled until the 20th century	43
6078076261	Peter the Great	Westernized Russia, creates a naval military first, creates city of St. Petersburg, created social laws	44
6078076262	Catherine the Great	Most renowned and and the longest-ruling female leader of Russia	45
6078076263	Zheng He	Chinese explorer, traveled to regions such as Asia and Africa	46
6078076264	Ming Dynasty	Overthrew the Yuan Dynasty (Mongols), focused on the restoration of Chinese culture (meritocracy, mandate of heaven, confucianism), banned foreigners	47
6078076265	Qing Dynasty	Run by Manchurians, last Chinese dynasty	48
6078076268	Tokugawa Ieyusa	Created a centralized government in Japan, rejected relationships with westerners (except for the Dutch)	49
6078076269	Ottoman Empire	Longest Islamic empire, expands with the fall of the Byzantine empire	50
6078076270	Sultan Mehmed II	"the conqueror", Islamic Sultan who sieged Constantinople and expanded the Ottoman empire	51
6078076271	Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent	Expands the Ottoman empire into N. Africa and E. Africa, makes education reforms, gives Jews/Christians protection under the law	52
6078076272	Janissaries	Elite Islamic military	53
6078076273	Safavid Empire	Islamic empire based in Persia	54
6078076274	Shah Ismail	Unites the people under religion, thought to be the 12th Imam who will spread true Islam	55
6078076276	Shah Abbas	Considered the strongest ruler of the Safavid Dynasty	56
6078076277	Mughal Empire	Islamic state in India ran by turkish people, overthrows the Sulnate of Dehli	57
6078076278	Akbar	A sultanate of the Mughal Empire, Expands into S. India, unifies the state, religiously tolerant, works w/ ottomans	58
6078076279	Aurangzeb	A sultanate of the Mughal Empire, burns down Hindu temples, triples taxes on Hindus	59
6078076280	Taj Mahel	An ivory-white marble mausoleum, commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan, to house the tomb of his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal	60
6078076281	Martin Luther	German monk, upsetted by activities taking place in the Roman Catholic Church	61
6078076282	Diet of Worms	A meeting between Pope Leo X, Charles V, and Martin Luther to discuss Luther's acts of heresy	62
6078076284	Lutheranism	Authority straight from the Bible, free will- all of us are sinners, spoke in the vernacular	63
6078076286	Calvanism	John Calvin, pre-destination	64
6078076288	The Renaissance	14th and 15th century Europe, rebirth of liberal arts, starts in Italy	65
6078076289	Leonardo Da Vinci	Artist, Inventor, Botanist, Invented sanitation systems and flying machines, painted the Mona Lisa, wrote backwards	66
6078076290	Michelangelo	Da Vinci's rival, statue of David, Sistine chapel	67
6078076291	Edict of Nantes	Allowed French Protestants to worship freely	68
6078076292	Huguenots	French Protestants	69
6078076293	Galileo	Uses telescope to prove heliocentrism, work was banned by the Catholic church and he was put on house arrest	70

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AP World History: Ch. 13 Flashcards

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7933783685	tropics	Region on Earth where because of the angle of earth's axis, the sun's rays warm it year-round. The equator marks the center and the ...of Cancer and the ...of Capricorn marks its borders.	0
7933824328	monsoons	seasonal alternating winds.A gigantic high-pressure zone over the Himalaya Mountains that is at its peak from December to March produces a strong southward air movement (the northeast ...) in the western Indian Ocean. This is southern Asia's dry season. Between April and August a low-pressure zone over India creates a northward movement of air from across the ocean (the southwest ...) that brings southern Asia its heaviest rains. This is the wet season.	1
7933840289	jungle	comes from an Indian word for the tangled undergrowth in the tropical forests that once covered most of southern India.	2
7960114060	Himalayas	snow capped... rise so high that they block cold air from moving south, thus giving northern India a more tropical climate than its latitude would suggest	3
7960126678	plateaus	the many.. of inland Africa and the Decan... of central India also make these regions somewhat cooler than the coastal plains.	4
7960162826	flesh of seals, whales, and gazelles, and the roots of wild plants	people along the arid coast of southwestern Africa were well fed from a diet of...	5
7960202515	pastoralists	consumed milk from their herds and traded hides and meat to neighboring farmers for grain and vegetables. In southern Africa, they sold meat to early Portuguese visitors. moved their herds to the water. The arid and semiarid lands of northeastern Africa and Arabia were home to the world's largest concentration of...	6
7960224744	Somali	were urban dwellers, but most grazed their herds of goats and camels in the desert hinterland of the Horn of Africa.	7
7960234227	Tuareg	western Sahara sustained herds of sheep and camels belonging to the..., whose intimate knowledge of the desert also made them invaluable as guides to caravans	8
7960250346	Ibn Battuta	Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan.	9
7960254594	Fulani	cattle-herders. gradually extended their range during this period. By 1500 they had spread throughout the western and central Sudan.	10
7960285187	India's vegetation	Middle Eastern writer called this "the most agreeable abode on earth... its delightful plains resemble the garden of Paradise."	11
7960294751	Rice cultivation	This dominated in the fertile Ganges plain of northeast India, in mainland Southeast Asia, and in souther China.	12
7960313609	Bantu-speaking farmers	By 1200, ... introduced grains and tubers from West Africa throughout the southern half of the continent.	13
7960343229	special water-control systems	Farmers in Vietnam, Java, Malaya, and Burma constructed... to irrigate their terraced rice paddies.	14
7960348118	stone and earthen dams	Villagers in southeast India built a series of ... across rivers to store water for gradual release through elaborate irrigation canals.	15
7960366655	Delhi Sultanate	centralized Indian empire of varying extent, created by Muslim invaders. introduced extensive new water-control systems in northern India. Founded and ruled by invading Turkish and Afghan Muslims	16
7960374675	Ceylon	(modern Sri Lanka) Since the tenth century, the Indian Ocean island of ... had been home to the greatest concentration of irrigation reservoirs and canals in the world. Irrigation system fell into ruin when invaders from Southern India disrupted the Sinhalese government. Population suffered from malaria	17
7960409827	Sinhalese kingdom	Irrigation systems enabled the powerful... in arid northern Ceylon to suppport a large population	18
7960418315	Angkor	Cambodia's capital city. Their system of reservoirs and canals was another impressive water work in Southeast Asia.	19
7960447180	malaria	a tropical disease spread by mosquitoes breeding in the irrigation canals	20
7960462101	copper and brass statues and heads	Skilled artisans in West Africa cast... that are considered among the masterpieces of world art	21
7960475839	lost-wax method	Statues and heads from West Africa were made by the ..., in which molten metal melts a thin layer of wax sandwiched between clay forms, replacing the "lost" wax with hard metal.	22
7960494490	gold	Africans exported large quantities of ... across the Sahara, the Red Sea, and the Indian Ocean. Some came from stream beds along the upper Niger River and farther south in modern Ghana	23
7960526196		In the hills south of the Zambezi (modern Zimbabwe) river, archaeologists have discovered thousands of mine shafts, dating from 1200, that were sunk up to 100 feet into the ground to get at gold ores.	24
7960526197	Mali	Empire created by indigenous Muslims in western Sudan of West Africa from the thirteenth to fifteenth century. It was famous for its role in the trans-Saharan gold trade. founded by an indigenous African dynasty that had earlier adopted Islam through the peaceful influence of Muslim merchants and scholars. Wealth depended heavily on its participation in the trans-Saharan trade, but long-distance trade played only a minor role in Delhi. Began to decline when rebellion broke out among the diverse peoples who had been subjected to Malinke rule.	25
7960551822	billad al sudan	"land of the blacks" the fatih of Muhammad which gradually spread to the lands south of the desert	26
7960564226	Takrur	in the far western Sudan. The first sub-Saharan African ruler to adopt the new faith.	27
7960579732	King Sumanguru	Shortly after 1200, Takrur expanded in importance under... Sagas say that Sumanguru was able to appear and disappear at will, assume dozens of shapes, and catch arrows in mid-flight.	28
7960587554	Sundiata	upstart leader of the Malinke people, handed Suman guru a major defeat. Defeated Sumanguru's much larger forces through superior military maneuvers and by successfully wounding his adversary with a special arrow that robbed him of his magical powers.	29
7960712977	Mansa Kankan Musa	Ruler of Mali. His pilgrimage through Egypt to Mecca established the empire's reputation for wealth in the Mediterranean world. To fulfill his personal duty as a Muslim, and to display his wealth, he departed in 1324 with a large entourage. He was so lavish with his gifts when the entourage passed through Cairo that the value of gold there remained depressed for years. After his return he promoted the religious and cultural influence of Islam in his empire.	30
7960761415	Mansa Suleiman	Mansa Musa's successor	31
7960779713	Timbuktu	City on the Niger River in the modern country of Mali. It was founded by the Tuareg as a seasonal camp sometime after 1000. As part of the Mali empire, it became a major terminus of the trans-Saharan trade and a center of Islamic learning. West African city. In 1433, the desert Tuareg retook their city ... from Mali	32
7960792823	iron stirrups	this tool helped the Muslim warriors to fire powerful crossbows from the backs of their galloping horses	33
7960805608	Sultan Iltutmish	consolidated the conquest of northern India in a series of military expeditions that made his empire the largest state in India. He also secured official recognition of the Delhi Sultanate as a Muslim state by the caliph of Baghdad.	34
7968093193	Raziya	Iltutmish's daughter. Iltutmish passed over his weak and pleasure-seeking sons and designated his beloved and talented daughter... as his heir.	35
7968099294	Ala-ud-din Khalji	increased his control over the empire's outlying provinces. Successful frontier raids and high taes kept his treasury full; wage and price controls in Delhi kept down the cost of maintaining a large army; and a network of spies stifled intrigue.	36
7968111928	Gujarat	Region of western India famous for trade and manufacturing	37
7968117860	Muhammad ibn Tughluq	Sultan ruler who received his visitor at his palace's celebrated Hall of a Thousand Pillars. complexities, the sultan resumed a policy of aggressive expansion that enlarged the sultanate to its greatest extent. He balanced that policy with religious toleration intended to win the loyalty of Hindus and other non-Muslims. He even attended Hindu religious festivals.	38
7968126480	Firuz Shah	Successor of Tughluq. alienated powerful Hindus by taxing the Brahmins, preferring to cultivate good relations with the Muslim elite. Muslim chroniclers praised him for constructing forty mosques, thirty colleges, and a hundred hospitals.	39
7968132315	Bahmani kingdom	controlled the Deccan Plateau	40
7968133595	Vijayanagar Empire	To defend themselves against the southward push of Bahmani armies, the Hindu states of southern India united to form the ...which at its height controlled the rich trading ports on both coasts and held Ceylon as a tributary state.	41
7968140509	dhow	ship of small to moderate size used in the western Indian Ocean, traditionally with a triangular sail and a sewn timber hull.	42
7968142409	junk	largest, most technologically advanced, and most seaworthy vessel of this time. Developed in China. Built from heavy spruce or fir planks held together with enormous nails. The space below the deck was divided into watertight compartments to minimize flooding in case of damage to the ship's hull.	43
7968152126	Malacca	Port city in the modern Southeast Asian country of Malaysia, founded about 1400 as a trading center on the Strait of ... between the eastern end of the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, was the meeting point of trade from Southeast Asia, China, and the Indian Ocean.	44
7968158552	al-sudan	shores of the blacks	45
7968158553	Swahili	People who, as a result of trading contacts, loaned words from Arabic and Persian enriched the language of the coastal Africans, and the first to write in it used Arabic script. Also the Bantu language with Arabic loanwords spoken in coastal regions of East Africa.	46
7968166547	Swahili Coast	East African shores of the Indian Ocean between the Horn of Africa and the Zambezi River' from the Arabic sawahil, meaning "shores"	47
7968170787	Great Zimbabwe	City, now in ruins whose many stone structures were built between about 1250 and 1450, when it was a trading center and the capital of a large state.	48
7968173001	Aden	Port city in the modern south Arabian country of Yemen. It has been a major trading center in the Indian Ocean since ancient times.	49
7968176212	Zamorin	ruler	50
7968176213	Malacca	dominated the narrowest part of the strait. Under the leadership of a prince from Palembang, it had quickly grown from an obscure fishing village into an important port by means of a series of astute alliances. Also secured an alliance with China that was sealed by the visit of the imperial fleet in 1407. Served as the meeting point for traders from India and China as well as an emporium for Southeast Asia trade.	51
7968188642	Ahmadabad	Gujarati capital. Where the culmination of a mature Hindu-Muslim architecture was the congregational mosque erected	52
7968190804	Urdu	a Persian-influenced literary form of Hindi written in Arabic characters. Used as a literary language since the 1300s.	53
7968194898	papermaking	Muslims introduced... in India	54
7968203408	free labor	With... abundant and cheap, most slaves were trained for special purposes.	55

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Ap world history midterm Flashcards

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5946243799	adam smith	scottish philosopher, and founder of modern political economy, and a key figure in the scottish Enlightenment	0
5946255368	aryans	Indo-European migrants who settled in India after 1500 B.C.E	1
5946264354	Aztec Empire	CEntral American Empire constructed by the Mexica and expanded greatly during the 15th century	2
5946271465	Bantu	African people who originally lived in the area of present day nigeria, and began to migrate to sub-saharan africa	3
5946284643	Baron de montesquieu	french political philosopher who advocated the separation of legislative, executive, and judicial government powers	4
5946298695	Brahmins	Hindu caste of priests	5
5946301921	Buddhism	Religion based on Four Noble Truths	6
5946309232	Byzantine Empire	Long lasting empire	7

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Ap World History Strayer Chapter 5 Flashcards

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7835439400	China's Scholar-Gentry Class	lived luxuriously, benefited from wealth and from power and prestige, located in both rural and urban areas, had multi-storied houses, fine silk clothes etc	0
7835439401	Wang Mang	a high court official of the Han Dynasty who usurped the emperor's throne in 8 c.e. and immediately launched a series of startling reforms	1
7835439402	Ge Hong	person born in an aristocratic family who studied Daoism seeing the disorder and disturbances in Chinese daily life, later held several military positions, yearned for solitary and interior life and spend his latest years thinking about legalism Daoism and Confucianism	2
7835439403	Yellow Turban Rebellion	A peasant revolt starting in 184 c.e. named for the yellow scarves the peasants wore on their head, unifying ideology of Daoism, goal of "Great Peace" a golden age of equality and harmony	3
7835439404	Varna	four social classes in India, relating to Caste system	4
7835439405	Jati	divisions within the varna, groups of similar people, sub-caste	5
7835439406	Ritual Purity	In Indian social practice, the idea that members of higher castes must adhere to strict regulations limiting or forbidding their contact with objects and members of lower castes to preserve their own caste standing and their relationship with the gods.	6
7835439407	Greek and Roman Slavery	In the Greek and Roman world, slaves were captives from war and piracy (and their descendants), abandoned children, and the victims of long-distance trade; manumission was common. Among the Greeks, household service was the most common form of slavery, but in parts of the Roman state, thousands of slaves were employed under brutal conditions in the mines and on great plantations.	7
7835439408	Spartacus	A Roman gladiator who led the most serious slave revolt in Roman history from 73 to 71 B.C.E.)	8
7835439409	The Three obediences	In Chinese Confucian thought, the notion that a woman is permanently subordinate to male control: first to her father, then to her husband, and finally to her son	9
7835439410	Patriarchy	a form of social organization in which a male is the family head and title is traced through the male line,	10
7835439411	Empress Wu	The only female "emperor" in Chinese history (r. 690-705 C.E.), Empress Wu patronized scholarship, worked to elevate the position of women, and provoked a backlash of Confucian misogynist invective.	11
7835439412	Aspasia	A foreign woman resident in Athens (ca. 470-400 B.C.E.) and partner of the statesman Pericles who was famed for her learning and wit.	12
7835439413	Pericles	A prominent and influential statesman of ancient Athens (ca. 495-429 B.C.E.), he presided over Athens's Golden Age	13
7835439414	Helots	The dependent, semi-enslaved class of ancient Sparta whose social discontent prompted the militarization of Spartan society	14

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AP World History - Period 3 review Flashcards

The Post-Classical World, 500-1450

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9677846688	Dhows	Arab sailing vessels; equipped with lateen sails; used by Arab merchants	0
9677846689	Seljuk Turks	nomadic invaders from central; staunch Sunnis; ruled in the name of the Abbasids	1
9677846690	Crusades	invasions of western Christians into Muslim lands, especially Palestine; captured Jerusalem and established Christian kingdoms enduring until 1291	2
9677846691	Mongols	central Asian nomadic peoples; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed the last Abbasid caliph	3
9677846692	Chinggis Khan	(1162-1227); Mongol ruler; defeated the Turkish Persian kingdoms	4
9677846693	Arabic numerals	Indian numerical notation brought by the Arabs to the West	5
9677846694	Malacca	flourishing trading city in Malaya; established a trading empire after the fall of Shrivijaya	6
9677846695	Mali	state of the Malinke people centered between the Senegal and Niger rivers	7
9677846696	Mansa	title of the ruler of Mali	8
9677846697	Ibn Battuta	Arab traveler throughout the Muslim world	9
9677846698	Sundiata	created a unified state that became the Mali empire; died in 1260	10
9677846699	Songhay	successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of the Niger valley; capital at Gao	11
9677846700	East African trading ports	urbanized commercial centers mixing African and Arab cultures; included Mogadishu, Mombasa, , Kilwa	12
9677846701	Great Zimbabwe	with massive stone buildings and walls, incorporates the greatest early buildings in sub-Saharan Africa	13
9677846702	Greek Fire	Byzantine weapon consisting of mixture of chemicals that ignited when exposed to water; used to drive back the Arab fleets attacking Constantinople	14
9677846703	Icons	images of religious figures venerated by Byzantine Christians	15
9677846704	Iconoclasm	the breaking of images; religious controversy of the 8th c; Byzantine emperor attempted, but failed, to suppress icon veneration	16
9677846705	Cyril and Methodius	Byzantine missionaries sent to convert eastern Europe and Balkans; responsible for creation of Slavic written script called Cyrillic	17
9677846706	Kiev	commercial city in Ukraine established by Scandinavians in 9th c; became the center for a kingdom that flourished until 12th c	18
9677846707	Vladmir I	ruler of Kiev (980-1015); converted kingdom to Orthodox Christianity	19
9677846708	Russian Orthodoxy	Russian form of Christianity brought from Byzantine Empire	20
9677846709	Middle Ages	the period in western European history between the fall of Roman Empire and the 15th c	21
9677846710	Gothic	an architectural style developed during the 13th and 14th c in western Europe; featured pointed arches and flying buttresses as external support on main walls	22
9677846711	Vikings	seagoing Scandinavian raiders who disrupted coastal areas of Europe from the 8th to 11th c; pushed across the Atlantic to Iceland, Greenland, and North America; formed permanent territories in Normandy and Sicily	23
9677846712	Manorialism	rural system of reciprocal relations between landlords and their peasant laborers during the Middle Ages; peasants exchanged labor for use of land and protection	24
9677846713	Serfs	peasant agricultural laborers within the manorial system	25
9677846714	Three-field system	practice of dividing land into thirds, rotating between two different crops and pasturage-- an improvement making use of manure	26
9677846715	Clovis	King of the Franks; converted to Christianity circa 496	27
9677846716	Carolingians	royal house of Franks from 8th c to 10th c	28
9677846717	Charles Martel	first Carolingian king of the Franks; defeated Muslims at Tours in 732	29
9677846718	Charlemagne	Carolingian monarch who established large empire in France and Germany circa 800	30
9677846719	Holy Roman Emperors	political heirs to Charlemagne's empire in northern Italy and Germany; claimed title of emperor but failed to develop centralized monarchy	31
9677846720	Feudalism	personal relationship during the Middle Ages by which greater lords provided land to lesser lords in return for military service	32
9677846721	Vassals	members of the military elite who received land or a benefice from a lord in return for military service and loyalty	33
9677846722	William the Conqueror	invaded England from Normandy in 1066; established tight feudal system and centralized monarchy in England	34
9677846723	Magna Carta	Great charter issued by King John of England in 1215; represented principle of mutual limits and obligations between rulers and feudal aristocracy, and the supremacy of law	35
9677846724	Parliaments	bodies representing privileged groups; institutionalized the principle that kings ruled with the advice and consent of their subjects	36
9677846725	Hundred Years War	conflict between England and France over territory (1337-1453) Established a since of Nationalism with each country. Joan of Arc united the French and promoted French patriotism.	37
9677846726	Pope Urban II	organized the first Crusade in 1095; appealed to Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim control	38
9677846727	Investiture	the practice of appointment of bishops; Pope Gregory attempted to stop lay investiture, leading to a conflict with the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV	39
9677846728	Gregory VII	11th c pope who attempted to free church from secular control; quarreled with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV over practice of lay investiture of bishops	40
9677846729	Thomas Aquinas	creator of one of the great syntheses of medieval learning; taught at University of Paris; author of Summas; believed that through reason it was possible to know much about natural order, moral law, and nature of God	41
9677846730	Scholasticism	dominant medieval philosophical approach; so-called because of its base in the schools or universities; based on use of logic to resolve theological problems	42
9677846731	Hanseatic League	an organization of north German and Scandinavian cities for the purpose of establishing a commercial alliance	43
9677846732	Guilds	associations of workers in the same occupation in a single city; stressed security and mutual control; limited membership, regulated apprenticeships, guaranteed good workmanship; held a privileged place in cities	44
9677846733	Black Death	bubonic plague that struck Europe in the 14th c; significantly reduced Europe's population; affected social structure; decimated populations in Asia	45
9677846734	Period of the Six Dynasties	era of continuous warfare (220-589) among the many kingdoms that followed the fall of the Han	46
9677846735	Sinification	extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions	47
9677846736	Shamanism	Mongol beliefs focused on nature spirits	48
9677846737	Golden Horde	one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after death of Chinggis Khan; conquered and ruled Russua during the 13th and 14th c	49
9677846738	Ilkhan khanate	one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol empire after the death of Chinggis Khan; eventually included much of Abbasid empire	50
9677846739	Kubilai Khan	grandson of Chinggis Khan; conquered China; established Yuan dynasty in 1271	51
9677846740	White Lotus Society	secret religious society dedicated to overthrow of Yuan dynasty	52
9677846741	Ottoman Empire	Turkish empire established in Asia Minor and eventually extending through the Middle East and the Balkans; conquered Constantinople in 1453 and ended Byzantine Empire	53
9677846742	Ming Dynasty	replaced Mongal Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted large trade expeditions to southern Asia and Africa; later concentrated on internal development within China	54
9677846743	Ethnocentrism	judging foreigners by the standards of one's own group; leads to problems in interpreting world history	55
9677846744	Inca and Rome both had	extensive road systems	56
9677846745	Important continuity in social structure of states and empires 600-1450	land holding aristocracies, patriarchies, peasant systems still in place	57
9677846746	Trans Saharan trade	Dominated my Muslims in 13th century after rise of Islamic caliphates..	58
9677846751	Indian Ocean Maritime Trade		59
9677846747	Cities that rose during this time due to increased trade	Novgorod, Constantinople, Timbuktu	60
9677846748	Timbuktu	trade center of Mali, cosmopolitan city that saw the blending of many different cultures and people	61
9677846749	New forms of monetization	Checks, Bills of Exchange	62
9677846752	Bantu Migrations		63
9677846750	Marco Polo	traveler/merchant from Europe who spend 17 years at court of Kublai Khan	64

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AP World History- Religion Flashcards

Buddhism, Confucianism, Islam, Judaism, Christianity, and Hinduism

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9873786395	Founder of Buddhism	Siddhartha	0
9873786396	Founder of Confucianism	Confucius	1
9873786397	Founder of Islam	Muhammad	2
9873786398	Founder of Judaism	Abraham	3
9873786399	Founder of Christianity	Jesus	4
9873786400	Time/Orgin of Confucianism	Zhou/Han Dynasty	5
9873786401	Time/Orgin of Islam	Middle East in Time Period 3 (600CE-1450CE)	6
9873786402	Time/Orgin of Judaism	Middle East (Israel) in Time Period 1 (8000BCE-600BCE)	7
9873786403	Time/Orgin of Christianity	Middle East (Israel) in Time Period 2 (600BCE-600CE)	8
9873786404	Time/Orgin of Hinduism	India in, possibly, Time Period 1 (google said 1500BCE)	9
9873786405	Text/House of Worship for Buddhism	Tripitaka/Stupa	10
9873786406	Text/House of Worship for Confucianism	Analects/ na	11
9873786407	Text/House of Worship for Islam	Quran/Mosque	12
9873786408	Text/House of Worship fo Judaism	Torah/Synagogue	13
9873786409	Text/House of Worship for Christianity	Bible/Church	14
9873786410	Text/House of Worship for Hinduism	Vedas/Temple	15
9873786411	Leader of Buddhism	Buddha, monks	16
9873786412	Leader of of Confucianism	Confucius, Han	17
9873786413	Leader of Islam	Allah, Iman	18
9873786414	Leader of Judaism	Rabbi	19
9873786415	Leader of Christianity	Priest, Pastor, Pope	20
9873786416	Leader of Hinduism	Pandit, Swami	21
9873786417	Deities and beliefs of Buddhism	-no gods -peace -eight fold path (right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration) -4 noble truths -Nirvana (ultimate enlightenment)	22
9873786418	Deities and beliefs of Confucianism	-no gods -5 key relationships (ruler/subject, parent/child, husband/wife, sibling/sibling, friend/friend)	23
9873786419	Deities and beliefs of Islam	-5 pillars (almsgiving, pray five times a day, fasting during the month of Ramadan, travel to Mecca, and profession of the faith) -sharia law	24
9873786420	Deities and beliefs of Judaism	-Adonai -Yom Kippur -10 commandments	25
9873786421	Deities and beliefs of Christianity	-holy trinity -Christmas/Easter -Apostles Creed -10 commandments -lent	26
9873786422	Deities and beliefs of Hinduism	-Brahma (Supreme God), Shiva, Vishnu -caste system -dharms (duty), karma (sum of good actions and bad actions), samsara (continuous cycle of birth, death, and rebirth) -moksha (like Nirvana)	27

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AP World History Unit 2 Flashcards

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7270102795	The Han	De-emphasized legalism in favor of a government bases on confusion values.	0
7270122326	The government had more power	Because the emperor, Han Wudi ,started to centralize the government, what happened to the government?	1
7270126868	Pulling power into the government	what does centralizing the government mean?	2
7270182414	merchants	Though trade was important, who has a low social class.?	3
7270189889	shi	who is very important and is also now as scholar bureaucrats?	4
7270206026	sons of the wealthy	All though all Chinese man were able to take the exams, who has the most tome to study?	5
7270216929	A University	What was founded to educate young scholars?	6
7270223954	aristocrats and scholar-gentry families	What was the bureaucracy mostly filled with?	7
7270232688	the scholar-gentry,ordinary but free, citizens	The main social classes of Han China:	8
7270241283	skilled artisans	skilled what was in high demand?	9
7270729014	women	who still remained subordinate to men?	10
7270739060	theory	The Chinese were more drawn to practical scientific experimentation than what?	11
7270746627	official corruption inefficiency	what caused the government ot loose the mandate of heaven?	12
7277774520	a social class of hereditary and usually unchangeable status	what does the term cast mean?	13
7277786013	social classes the Aryans used which means "color."	what does the term Verna mean?	14
7277827090	Bahamians, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra, and the untouchables.	what are the social classes of the the cast system?	15
7277838633	religious texts were passes down from generation to generation of Aryans.	What happened during the Vedic Age?	16
7277850948	this age was from 1400-900 b.c.e. but no records were written until 600 b.c.e.	what was significant about the Rig Veda?	17
7277875012	Upanishads	Aryan religion blended with beliefs of the Dravidian's as reflected in the body of works called what?	18
7277886871	indian sub-continent	Eventually their beliefs turned to Hinduism, mostly around what sub-continent?	19
7277899917	Ashoka, the third greatest ruler of the Mauryan Dynasty, converted to it.	why did India greatly impact the growth of Buddhism?	20
7277925534	they were content to draw tribute to them. Basically, they had control over them without having to have a government.	The Gupta didn't have a direct bureaucracy they were content to drawn what?	21
7277944158	silk road, indian ocean trade, and the Saharan trade.	what were the three main trade networks?	22
7277956140	the stirrup	what was invented in what is now northern Afghanistan?	23
7277962971	culture, religion,goods, diseases, and tech.	traveling along the trade routes cause what to spread?	24
7278013915	they aggressively migrated towards the west.	where did the nomadic Hun's go from their homeland in central Asia?	25
7278035656	they traveled for centuries all over sub-Saharan Africa , but retained many of their costumes, including the Bantu language.	what was so special about the Bantu?	26
7278058388	the Bantu language	what was most spread to sub-Saharan Africa?	27
7278068223	attacks from nomadic groups, serious internal problems, and the problem of interdependence.	What were the three common reasons that caused several great empires to fall?	28

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