AP Notes, Outlines, Study Guides, Vocabulary, Practice Exams and more!
| 7587230981 | 500 BCE | Creation of confucianism | 0 | |
| 7587235363 | 500 BCE | Creation of Buddhism | 1 | |
| 7587240650 | 4th century BCE | Hellenism | 2 | |
| 7587254411 | 1000 BCE to 500 CE | Bantu migration (range) | 3 | |
| 7587269127 | Mid-6th century | Fall of Gupta Empire in India | 4 | |
| 7587282105 | 320 CE | Beginning of Gupta Empire | 5 | |
| 7587287003 | 320 BCE to 185 BCE | Mauryan Empire (range) | 6 |
| 8402669377 | The Greco Persian War....... | is a series of wars fought by the greek city states and Persians, they lasted around a century | 0 | |
| 8402703365 | Started in 500 bc...... | When the Greek city states rebelled against the Persians | 1 | |
| 8402716998 | the uprising is known as.. | the ionian revolt | 2 | |
| 8402722969 | the revolt led to... | the overthrow of darius, and his power in Russia | 3 | |
| 8402738253 | the ionian cities... | were helped half-heartly by Athens | 4 | |
| 8402750309 | during the revolt... | Darius and his army invaded Greece, which caused the war between Greece and Persia (the Greco-persian war) | 5 | |
| 8402768500 | the first Persian invasion was... | the battle at marathon (BAM) | 6 | |
| 8402778346 | Athens had _________ guys, Persian army had __________________ | 10,000 15,000 | 7 | |
| 8402792709 | ___________ had the victory at the BAM | greeks after a surprise attack | 8 | |
| 8402804920 | greeks lost | a lot less men than the Persians did (192 vs 6,400) | 9 | |
| 8402817925 | after the defeat at marathon | the Persians went home and returned 10 yrs. later w/ more men (led by Xerxes) | 10 | |
| 8402836388 | greeks formed | a league against Persia | 11 | |
| 8402840832 | the battle was | 3 days long | 12 | |
| 8402849360 | Persian ships | attempted to attack the greeks, but a tremendous storm came through and destroyed a large portion of their fleet, the greeks watched safely from port | 13 | |
| 8402874255 | the next two days | the Persians (at themolpae) attacked Greeks but suffered heavy loses. | 14 | |
| 8402890336 | 2nd night | a greek traitor showed the Persians where the greeks were, they fled south where most fought until there death | 15 | |
| 8402912681 | a large majority of the Persians | stayed in Greece to continue fighting for the next few years | 16 | |
| 8402921742 | this ended | with a treaty in 449 BC, it was called the Peace of Callias | 17 |
| 8889804241 | Persian Empire (Safavid Persia) | -East of Ottoman Empire -Modern-day Iran -Lasted from 1501 to 1722 |  | 0 |
| 8889819020 | Ismail | -Turkic founder of Safavid Dynasty -Defining characteristic = followed Shia version of Islam -Introduced sharp divide between Sunni and Shi'ite Muslims to the heartland of Islam -Seen as the beginning of modern Iranian history |  | 1 |
| 8889830549 | Gunpowder Empires | Term used to describe Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires |  | 2 |
| 8889841632 | What were the 1)causes and 2)results of the decline of the Safavids? | 1)Incompetent Safavid rulers weakened the empire Poor leadership and misuse of money 2)Territory was lost & empire divided up when Afghans seized Persia in 1722 |  | 3 |
| 8889873585 | Mughal Empire | -Located in India -Kingdom center = Delhi -Established by Muslim Turks -Both a Hindu and Islamic civilization (Muslim Rulers, Hindu subjects) -Taj Mahal built during this time |  | 4 |
| 8889890084 | Babur | -1st true Mughal emperor -Descendant of both Genghis Khan and Timur -Orderly government -Expanded the arts -Spread Persian influence to India -Modern countries claim him as a national hero - Uzbekistan, Kyrgystan |  | 5 |
| 8890021819 | Akbar the Great | -Brought peace and order to India -Encouraged religious tolerance with both Hindus and Muslims -Created a new religion called "Divine Faith" = combined Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity -Repealed taxes on Hindus |  | 6 |
| 8890028213 | Mughal Culture | Arts = music, literature, painting Lavish courts Large libraries Increased trade Muslim architects introduced the dome and the arch Brought porcelain, paper, and gunpowder from China to India |  | 7 |
| 8890034670 | The Taj Mahal | Built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in 1632 |  | 8 |
| 8890040792 | Reasons for Mughal Decline | Rulers eventually abandoned religious tolerance and the Hindu minority was persecuted, which weakened the empire Empire officially ended when Great Britain took over India |  | 9 |
| 8890049032 | Final Straw for Mughals | Sepoy Mutiny in 1857 |  | 10 |
| 8890068010 | The Ottoman Empire | Founded by Turks Started in Anatolia Controlled Balkan Peninsula and parts of eastern Europe Acquired much of the Middle East, North Africa, and region between Black and Caspian Seas |  | 11 |
| 8890075993 | OTTOMANS PT.2 | Maintained strong navy in Mediterranean region to protect trade routes they controlled Conquered much of the Byzantine's territory -- captured capital of Constantinople in 1453 & renamed it Istanbul Remained a significant sea power until the 1700s |  | 12 |
| 8890085257 | Sulieman I (the Magnificent) | Ruled from 1520-1566 Ruled the richest and most powerful empire in Europe and Asia at this time Organized Ottoman law Strengthened military |  | 13 |
| 8890091955 | janissaries | elite infantry force within Ottoman Empire |  | 14 |
| 8890113476 | The Siege of Vienna | capital of the Hapsburg empire. This sparked a series of wars between Austria and the Ottomans The longest lasted for 15 years Coffee was introduce to Europe after it was left by retreating Ottoman armies |  | 15 |
| 8890121631 | caliph | islamic religious leader |  | 16 |
| 8890124353 | sultan | political ruler |  | 17 |
| 8890131587 | grand vizier | "Right-hand man" to the sultan |  | 18 |
| 8890156078 | Millets | separate communities of non-Muslims --> each ________ controlled its own affairs |  | 19 |
| 8890170579 | Under Ottoman Law _________ | Population divided into different classes 1st class = ruling class made up of sultan, his family & high government officials 2nd class = nobility 3rd class (largest) = peasants | | 20 |
| 8890183282 | Ottoman Culture | Borrowed many elements from the Byzantine, Persian, and Arab cultures Bridges, mosques, and aqueducts reflect this blend of culture Turned Christian church of Hagia Sophia into a mosque |  | 21 |
| 8890189220 | The "last straw" for the Ottomans | By 1600, empire had reached its peak and started to decline 1683 failed to conquer Vienna Austria (again...) Faced constant attacks from enemies on its borders (Hapsburg Austria-Hungry, and Russia) |  | 22 |
| 8890208078 | Reasons for Decline of Ottomans | Economic problems Trade competition from the Americas Europe had colonies in Asia reducing the need for the ____________ traders Empire would last until 1924 when it was dissolved after WW1, it became the nation of Turkey. All lands dominated by the _____________became colonies of the Allied Powers |  | 23 |
| 8890726389 | The Aztecs (1428-1521) | Capital = Tenochtitlan (Mexico City) Located around lake Texcoco Legend said the ________'s would settle when the find a bird with a snake it its mouth perched on a cactus in the middle of a lake |  | 24 |
| 8890732784 | chinampas | artificial islands used for farming made by piling mud from the lake onto rafts floating gardens (AZTECS) |  | 25 |
| 8890743100 | The Aztec Empire | Stretched from Mexico to the border of Guatemala Stretched from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean Conquered people had to pay tribute (taxes) in the form of: food, clothing, raw materials, prisoners for sacrifice, jewelry, military supplies, rubber balls, etc. |  | 26 |
| 8890750832 | Aztec | _______ civilization organized as a hierarchy At the top = the emperor Classes = nobility, commoners, serfs, slaves |  | 27 |
| 8890759103 | Aztec Religion | Polytheistic Religion moved them to engage in war and sacrifice Live human sacrifices were needed to keep the gods happy _______ artists decorated temple-pyramids with scenes of gods or battles |  | 28 |
| 8890770989 | Reasons for fall of The Aztecs? | Hernan Cortes landed in 1519 with 630 men __________ welcome Cortes to their capital because they believe he is Quetzacoatl Cortes kidnaps Montezuma and holds him for ransom Aztecs stone Montezuma to death as he tries to calm riotous crowds. Cortes and his men barely escape Tenochtitlan as they fight their way out of the city. Cortes returns a year with an army of allied native tribes and find that most of the Aztecs have been wiped out by small pox. |  | 29 |
| 8890797986 | The Inca (1438-1533) | Lived in the Andes Mountains in South America Empire stretched about 2500 miles along the Andes Capital = Cuzco (Peru) |  | 30 |
| 8890807808 | The Inca | Raided other tribes and slowly built a large empire Strong central government --> local rulers had to report to Inca emperor Emperor closely controlled the lives of common people Owned all land and carefully regulated the growing & distribution of food Farmers used step terraces on hillsides |  | 31 |
| 8890863091 | More About Inca->>> | Built roads & bridges to link different regions of the empire Gods pleased with food, animal, and human sacrifices (not nearly to the scale of the Mayans or Aztecs) No writing system |  | 32 |
| 8890867489 | Quipu | ropes with knotted cords of different lengths, used to record information (Inca) |  | 33 |
| 8890912735 | Fall of the Inca | Pizarro benefited from a civil war in the ________empire between two brothers Pizarro took the _________ emperor captive and held him for ransom. The Inca paid the ransom and then executed him. |  | 34 |
| 8890944216 | What were some technological advancements made during the European Age of Exploration? | -Magnetic compass -More accurate maps, were better and used latitude and longitude -Caravels (ships with multiple masts and sails that made sailing more efficient) | 35 | |
| 8890973261 | Portugal | _________ was the 1st country to venture into the Atlantic Ocean looking for a route to Asia |  | 36 |
| 8890984890 | Prince Henry the Navigator | Brought together mapmakers, mathematicians, and astronomers to study navigation |  | 37 |
| 8890996642 | Bartholomew Diaz (1488) | Discovered the southern tip of Africa (Cape of Good Hope) Proved that ships could reach Asia by sailing around Africa |  | 38 |
| 8891005287 | Vasco da Gama (1497) | First to find a water route to Asia -- first to round the tip of Africa to India |  | 39 |
| 8891021076 | Who backed Christopher Columbus's expeditions? | Ferdinand and Isabella (Spain) |  | 40 |
| 8891031948 | When did Christopher Columbus sail from Spain? | 1492 |  | 41 |
| 8891054178 | Line of Demarcation | a line drawn by the Pope down the middle of the Atlantic Ocean |  | 42 |
| 8891064828 | Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) | gave Portugal control of Brazil & Spain got the rest of South America |  | 43 |
| 8891080135 | Ferdinand Magellan | (1519) Headed west from Spain Reached a narrow passageway at the southern tip of South America Named the Strait of __________ |  | 44 |
| 8891165543 | Voyage of Magellan | After 4 months, he reached the Philippines ____________ was killed during the journey After 3 years at sea, his crew returned to Spain (crew circumnavigated the globe, Sir Francis Drake of England would be the first commander to survive the voyage) |  | 45 |
| 8891178551 | circumnavigated | Magellan's ships had ________________ = circled the globe Proved the world was round and larger than anyone thought Also proved the oceans were connected |  | 46 |
| 8891185976 | Ponce de Leon | sailed for Spain, explored North America mainland (established St. Augustine Florida) |  | 47 |
| 8891190250 | Vasco Nunez de Balboa | sailed for Spain,1st to cross the Isthmus of Panama |  | 48 |
| 8891195424 | John Cabot | sailed for England, explored eastern cost of Canada/US for Henry VII |  | 49 |
| 8891200222 | Francis Drake | sailed for England, privateer who targeted Spanish, explored for Elizabeth I, circumnavigated the globe, defeated the Spanish Armada |  | 50 |
| 8891208451 | Amerigo Vespucci | Italian Merchant/Explorer Worked for Spain Made several voyages to New World Fake stories of his voyages inspired map makers in Germany to name the new territory as "America" |  | 51 |
| 5060888992 | Flora | plants | 0 | |
| 5060910042 | Fauna | animals | 1 | |
| 5060932141 | Treasure Ships | ships used in expeditions in china | 2 | |
| 5060995698 | Qizlibash | people who resembled traditional Turkish customs in the military | 3 | |
| 5061007365 | Manila Galleons | ships used for oceanic trade by the spanish | 4 | |
| 5061008521 | Saotone, Azores, and Carpe Verde | Portuguese island colonies | 5 |
| 5079580989 | orthodox | Russian form of Christianity brought from the Byzantine Empire, believed politics overruled religious power | 0 | |
| 5079584557 | byzantium | an ancient city founded by the Greeks; site of modern Istanbul; in 330 Constantine I rebuilt the city and called it Constantinople and made it his capital; a continuation of the Roman Empire in the Middle East after its division in 395 | 1 | |
| 5079587303 | constantinople | former capital of Turkey; rebuilt on the site of ancient Byzantium by Constantine I in the fourth century; renamed Constantinople by Constantine who made it the capital of the Byzantine Empire | 2 | |
| 5079589783 | constantine | Emperor of Rome who stopped the persecution of Christians and in 324 made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire; in 330 he moved his capital from Rome to Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople | 3 | |
| 5079594809 | justinian | Byzantine emperor who held the eastern frontier of his empire against the Persians; codified Roman law in 529 | 4 | |
| 5079597408 | body of civil law | justinian code; a law respected for 800 hundred years, a basic guide line for laws | 5 | |
| 5079597409 | hagia sophia | a 6th century masterpiece of Byzantine architecture in Istanbul; built as a Christian church, converted to a mosque in 1453 | 6 | |
| 5079602109 | battle of manzikert | a battle in 1071 in which the Byzantines under the emperor Romanus IV Diogenes were defeated by the Seljuq Turks led by the sultan Alp-Arslan | 7 | |
| 5079602110 | cyrillic | a language created by orthodox church to get Slavic and Germanic followers | 8 | |
| 5079604883 | rurik | 879, Scandinavian prince, founder of Rurik dynasty in which they controlled Kievan Rus | 9 | |
| 5079604884 | kiev | Political center of eastern Slav. It established political and social relations with Byzantine Empire. Later it was overthrown by Mongols. | 10 | |
| 5079607846 | vladimir | Ruler of Russian kingdom of Kiev from 980 to 1015; converted kingdom to Christianity | 11 | |
| 5079607847 | boyars | Russian landholding aristocrats | 12 | |
| 5079612737 | seljuks and mongols | Seljuk Empire, medieval Turko-Persian Sunni Muslim empire | 13 | |
| 5079618935 | clovis | Clovis was the first king of the Franks to unite all of the Frankish tribes under one ruler | 14 | |
| 5079621322 | charles martel | reunited and ruled the entire Frankish realm and stemmed the Muslim invasion at Poitiers in 732 | 15 | |
| 5079624386 | battle of tours | 732 between forces under the Frankish leader Charles Martel and a massive invading Islamic army; the Franks defeated the Islamic army and preserved Christianity as the controlling faith in Europe | 16 | |
| 5079628539 | charlemagne | king of the Franks 768-814; as Charles I, first emperor of the Holy Roman Empire | 17 | |
| 5079631192 | william the conqueror | leader of the Norman Conquest of England. He defeated the English forces at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 and became the first Norman king of England. | 18 | |
| 5079631193 | manorialism | in medieval times, the organization of rural economy and society by three classes of manors: demesne, serf or villein holdings, and free peasant land | 19 | |
| 5079635684 | three field system | method of agricultural organization introduced in Europe in the Middle Ages and representing a decisive advance in production techniques | 20 | |
| 5079635685 | feudalism | a system in which people relied on loyalty and labor; I scratch your back, you scratch mine | 21 | |
| 5079638692 | vassals | a person or country in a subordinate position to another | 22 | |
| 5079638693 | tithe | religious tax; 10% of earnings for church | 23 | |
| 5079641465 | canon law | the body of codified ecclesiastical law governing a Catholic church | 24 | |
| 5079645366 | excommunication | officially exclude someone from participation in the sacraments and services of the Christian Church | 25 | |
| 5079664372 | interdict | Roman Catholic Church withdrawing certain sacraments and Christian burial from a person or all persons in a particular district due to political leader | 26 | |
| 5079664373 | investiture | when a politic leader elected church officals | 27 | |
| 5079668777 | pope urban II | ordered the first crusades | 28 | |
| 5079673033 | richard the lionhearted | led the third crusade in which Christians were allowed in Jerusalem, but Muslims still ruled | 29 |
| 5710444869 | Cyrus The Great (Cyrus the II) | Established massive Persian Empire by 550 B.C.E.; successor state to Mesopotamian empires., c. 530 B.C.E. A Persian ruler who captured Babylon. He was known for his mercy. He was tolerant of other religions and culture, and even incorporated different architectural styles into his buildings. |  | 0 |
| 5710451216 | Zoroastrianism | Persian religion founded by Zoroaster; taught that humans had the freedom to choose between right and wrong, and that goodness would triumph in the end. There was also evidence of animism. |  | 1 |
| 5710455661 | Satrapy | Conquered territory in Perisa, ruled through governors (called Satraps) rather than by direct rule. | 2 | |
| 5710458517 | Plato | One of Socrates' students; was considered by many to be the greatest philosopher of western civilization. Plato explained his ideas about government in a work entitled The Republic. In his ideal state, the people were divided into three different groups. |  | 3 |
| 5710465476 | Aristotle | Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. |  | 4 |
| 5710465492 | Socrates | Athenian philosopher of later 5th century BCE; the tutor of Plato; urged rational reflection of moral decisions; as well as the idea of state over individual needs. He was eventually condemned to death with hemlock for "corrupting minds of Athenian young". He was also accused of disbelieving in the gods. |  | 5 |
| 5710469056 | Socratic Method | A way of teaching developed by Socrates that used a question-and-answer format to force students to use their reason to see things for themselves |  | 6 |
| 5710472116 | Polis | A city-state in ancient Greece |  | 7 |
| 5710481774 | Pericles | (495? BCE-429? BCE) He was an Athenian statesman. He was also the central ruler of Athens during its Golden Age. He was the central patron behind many of their achievements (such as the construction of the Parthenon). He was also a very skilled orator (speaker). He eventually perished from a plague that was beginning to be sweep throughout Athens. |  | 8 |
| 5710486610 | Xerxes I | Son of Darius; became Persian king. He vowed revenge on the Athenians. He invaded Greece with 180,000 troops in 480 B.C. | 9 | |
| 5710491380 | Darius | The great king of Persia. He is responsible for the expansion of Persia. He also built roads; established a postal system; and standardized weights, measures, and coinage. Darius had tried often to invade Greece to no avail. He also worked to expand and integrate his cast territories but develop a substantial bureaucracy. | 10 | |
| 5710496037 | Leonidas | Spartan commander and king at the battle of Thermopylae (480 BCE), who told allies to return to Athens and regroup while he and three hundred Spartans engaged and delayed the Persians at the pass at Thermopylae. He and his men "died for Greece." |  | 11 |
| 5710499832 | Alexander the Great | Son of Philip II; received military training in Macedonian army and was a student of Aristotle; great leader; conquered much land in Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Mesopotamia; goal was to conquer the known world |  | 12 |
| 5710532976 | Peloponnesian War | Conflict between Athenian And Spartan Alliances. The war was largely a consequence of Athenian imperialism and expansion.They appeared to have posed a threat to the Spartan way of of life. Ultimately, Sparta prevailed because of Athenian errors or "hubris". The Spartans offered treaties with the Athenians several times only to be turned down. -Tensions in Delian league- Civil war -431-404 BCE -Supporters of Athens and supporters of Sparta -Sparta was victor |  | 13 |
| 5710538406 | Athens | Powerful city in Ancient Greece that was a leader in arts, sciences, philosophy, democracy and architecture. Women had little power and rights as well as slaves. It was male dominated society. -Government based on democratic principals -Free male adults were allowed to be citizens -Aristocrat solon allowed aristocrats to keep their land and prevented debts -Encouraged participation in government |  | 14 |
| 5710546191 | Sparta | Greek city-state that was ruled by an oligarchy, focused on military, used slaves for agriculture, discouraged the arts. They were very isolated and often had conflict with Athens. -Fertile land of Peloponnesus -Military society -Helots-servants of spartan society -Could not leave land -Lived austere lives -Men and women trained for military |  | 15 |
| 5710553569 | Oligarchy | Form of government in which a few people have the power |  | 16 |
| 5710557715 | Aristocracy | a government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility |  | 17 |
| 5710561246 | Democracy | The political orientation of those who favor government by the people or by their elected representatives |  | 18 |
| 5710569840 | The Minoans | A group of people that lived on the large Greek island of Crete by 3000 B.C. -Named after Minos, legendary king of ancient Crete -Knossos-enormous palace depicting Minoans at work/play -*Palace officials created script known as Linear A -Written symbols stood for syllables -Used the script to keep detailed records of economic and commercial matters -Archaeologists have discovered pottery vessels used for Minoan wine and olive oil -After 1700 BCE many natural disasters destroyed Minoan traditions |  | 19 |
| 5710650439 | The Mycenaeans | Conquered the Minoans. Like the Minoans, they became great traders. Their trade increased when they conquered Crete (Minoans). They built small kingdoms that often fought with each other. It was named after a fortress they built called Mycenae. Warlike. -Adapted Minoan Linear A with own language Linear B -After 1450 BCE they also built stone fortresses/palaces -From 1500 to 1100 BCE- expanded influence beyond Greece -1200 BCE- Mycenaeans engaged in conflict with Troy in Anatolia | 20 | |
| 5710658586 | Sophocles | A Greek playwright., Greek writer of tragedies; author of Oedipus Rex |  | 21 |
| 5710666558 | Solon | Early Greek leader who brought democratic reforms such as his formation of the Council of Four Hundred |  | 22 |
| 5710670057 | The Persian Wars | Conflicts between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire, sparked from the Ionian Revolt (499-494 B.C.E.) and ended with Darius's punitive expedition that failed at Marathon. Chronicled by Herodotus. (131) -Began with Cyrus and Darius in Anatolia -Greek cities on coast revolted against Achaemenid |  | 23 |
| 5710686159 | Homer | -According to tradition, Homer wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey -Scholars know now that people recited both poems before Homer lived -Some convince he was not a real man but a name used for people who wanted to be anonymous -Others believed that a man named Homer had a part in preparing versions of the poems | 24 | |
| 5710689791 | Iliad | -Greek perspective on war -Greek warriors against the city of Troy in Anatolia during the 12th century BCE | 25 | |
| 5710693529 | Odyssey | -recounted the experiences of the Greek hero Odysseus as he sailed home after the Trojan war -Odyssey and Iliad testify the frequency and normality of travel, communication, and interaction in the Mediterranean Basin | 26 | |
| 5710789258 | Delian League | -Alliance between city states of Greece -Meant to protect from Persian invasions -Athens became leader because of fleet | 27 | |
| 5710807497 | Hellenistic Empires | -Spans after Alexander's death to 31 BCE -Rome takes over _Three Regions -Ptolemaic -Selecid -Antigonid | 28 |
| 9036808479 | Balance of power | A political situation in which no one nation is powerful enough to pose a threat to others | 0 | |
| 9036812361 | Burschenschaften | student societies in the German states dedicated to fostering the goal of a free, united Germany | 1 | |
| 9036812363 | Conservatism | commitment to traditional values and ideas with opposition to change or innovation | 2 | |
| 9036821984 | Ideology | A consistent set of beliefs by groups/individuals | 3 | |
| 9036825417 | Principle of Intervention | Right of powerful countries to maintain order throughout Europe | 4 | |
| 9036828133 | Principle of Legitimacy | Metternich's want to restore legitimate monarchs and preserve traditional institutions | 5 | |
| 9036831030 | Liberalism | A belief that government can and should achieve justice and equality of opportunity. | 6 | |
| 9036833524 | Ministerial responsibility | Responsibility from the prime minister to answer to the legislative body and not to the king | 7 | |
| 9036833527 | Nationalism | A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country | 8 | |
| 9036836092 | Pantheism | The belief that the divine reality exists in everything | 9 | |
| 9036838702 | Romanticism | A literary and artistic movement in nineteenth-century Europe; emphasized emotion over reason | 10 | |
| 9036841874 | Socialism | an economic system based on state ownership of capital | 11 | |
| 9036847385 | Ultraroyalists | conservative element in France that wanted a return to the monarchical system and of privilege. | 12 | |
| 9036852584 | Utopian socialists | Wanted ideal society with everyone equal | 13 |
| 8149144765 | Pastoralism | *Definition:* Way of life in which people depend on herding of domesticated animals for food. *Significance:* Revolution of domestication, kinship-based groups, women were higher status, a decreased in population, and utilized all land/military strength of Mongols. |  | 0 |
| 8149144766 | Modun | *Definition:* Great ruler of Xiongnu Empire (210 - 174) and created a centralized, hierarchical system. *Significance:* United and centralized political system and helped create a model for future empires. He had a role in the Chinese and Roman collapse. |  | 1 |
| 8149144767 | Xiongnu | *Definition:* People of the Mongolian steppe lands north of China who formed a large-scale nomadic empire. *Significance:* Created a huge military confederation and centralized societies. A model for Turkic/Mongol empires. |  | 2 |
| 8149144768 | Turks | *Definition:* Turkish speakers from Central Asia, originally monads. *Significance:* Created series of nomadic empires, had a lasting impact when they became dominant in the Islamic heartland. |  | 3 |
| 8149144769 | Almoravid Empire | *Definition:* Islamic religious movement in Africa, sparked by Ibn Yasin after returning from a pilgrimage to Mecca. *Significance:* Occupied much of NorthWest Africa and Southern Spain where it had considerable prosperity with the golden trade. (Formed from expansions and spread of Islam). |  | 4 |
| 8149144770 | Temujin/ Chinggis Khan | *Definition:* Mongolian emperor whose empire stretched from the Black Sea to Pacific. *Significance:* Universal ruler, hardships as a kid led him to be a powerful ruler. He unified Mongols, expanded the empire, and created the largest land connected empire. |  | 5 |
| 8149144771 | Mongol World War | *Definition:* Term used to describe military campaigns, massive killings, and empire building done by Chinggis Khan. *Significance:* This contained China, Korea, Central Asia, Russia, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe. It allowed Mongol rule to expand. |  | 6 |
| 8149144772 | Yuan Dynasty China | *Definition:* Mongol dynasty that ruled China (1271 - 1368). *Significance:* Moved capital of China to present-day Beijing. Showed how Mongols made use of Chinese practices and was a new beginning for China. | 7 | |
| 8149144773 | Khubilai Khan | *Definition:* Grandson of Chinggis Khan and Mongol ruler of China ( 1271 - 1294). *Significance: Examples of how Mongols in China made use of Chinese values such as Daoism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and lowering taxes. |  | 8 |
| 8149144774 | Hulegu | *Definition:* Chinggis Khan's grandson who led the second assault on Persia (1251 - 1258). *Significance:* Became first il-Khan of Persia. He established and cemented Mongol presence in China. |  | 9 |
| 8149144775 | Khutulon | *Definition:* Girl, whose father was a Mongol ruler, excelled in horse riding, archery, wrestling, and military. *Significance:* She would only marry if they could beat her in wrestling. She eventually chose to marry. She shows the freedom of women under Mongol rule. She's also the reason men wrestle with open chests now. | 10 | |
| 8149144776 | Kipchak Khanate/ Golden Horde | *Definition:* Name of conquered Russia. *Significance:* Mongols had little to offer in steppe lands so they ruled from outside and exploited Russia. Moscow was the primary center for Mongol domination. Mongols were never actually in Russia. |  | 11 |
| 8149144777 | Black Death/Plague | *Definition:* Massive plague pandemic that swept through Eurasia (Bubonic plague) by fleas on rats. *Significance:* Fostered future economic growth for Europe and led to the decline of Mongol network and empire. Europe gained prominence. Lots of people died. |  | 12 |
| 10145805127 | Neolithic Revolution | Around 10,000 years ago (8000 BCE), as the climate was warming up from an ice age, a collection of social and political developments coalesced into what is called the Neolithic Revolution | 0 | |
| 10145805128 | Domestication | The timing of wild animals so they could be brought up to live with humans | 1 | |
| 10145805129 | Overfarming | To farm so much that land looses its fertility | 2 | |
| 10145805130 | Democracy | A form of government in which citizens govern themselves by participation in the government | 3 | |
| 10145805131 | Polytheistic | Believing in many gods | 4 | |
| 10145805132 | Patriarchal | A society dominated by men | 5 | |
| 10145805133 | Delian League | Pact joined in by Athenians and other Greeks to continue the war with Persia | 6 | |
| 10145805134 | Alexander the Great | Conquered and ruled an empire stretching from Macedonia to the Indus Valley during his 13 year reign and governed his far-flung conquests by picking native residents to help him rule. | 7 | |
| 10145805135 | Pax Romana | The Roman peacetime | 8 | |
| 10145805136 | Caste system | A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life | 9 | |
| 10145805137 | Tribute | Payments from the conquered to the conqueror | 10 | |
| 10145805138 | Kievan Rus | A settlement on the Dnieper River, ruled by Vikings and was a collection of city-states | 11 | |
| 10145805139 | Muhammad | The founder of Islam who's revelations were collected and became the Quran | 12 | |
| 10145805140 | Ibn Battuta | A scholar who traveled the medieval world and his legendary travelogue has made him a legend among historians and an example of how Islam's phenommeal growth increased connections among cultures of Asia, Africa, and Southern Europe. | 13 | |
| 10145805141 | Bananas | the long, yellow fruit that originated in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific around 8000 to 5000 BCE; and served as one of the most important crops for the Bantu-Speaking groups of Africa; and due to its being nutrition rich, leading to a spike in population. | 14 | |
| 10145805142 | Malaria | An infectious and parasitic disease that was common in West Africa; causing those native to those areas to have an immunity to it, whereas those from other areas suffered from the lack of immunity. | 15 | |
| 10145805143 | Foot binding | This practice, in which girls from aristocratic families had their feet wrapped so tightly that the bones did not grow naturally, furthered the constraint on the role of women in society during the solidification of the patriarchy during the Song Dynasty. This was quite painful and often made it difficult for women to walk. | 16 | |
| 10145805144 | Bushido | In Japan's feudal society, the code followed by samurai was known as this and stressed frugality, loyalty, the martial arts, and honor unto death. | 17 | |
| 10145805145 | monsoon winds | Knowledge of these was crucial to trading in the Indian Ocean; merchants timed their voyages carefully, often remaining in port cities for months at a time, depending on when favorable winds would come their way. | 18 | |
| 10145805146 | Vassals | People who owed service to another person within the European Feudal System. | 19 | |
| 10145805147 | Pope | the head of the Roman Catholic Church | 20 | |
| 10145805148 | Black Death | The plague that reached Europe via trading routes. A major epidemic broke out between 1347 and 1351, and including additional outbreaks, killed roughly 25 million Europeans. | 21 | |
| 10145805149 | Vikings | The Scandinavian seafaring pirates and traders who raided and settled in many parts of northwestern Europe in the 8th-11th centuries. | 22 | |
| 10145805150 | Greenland | A large island lying to the north-east of North America and mostly within the Arctic Circle. | 23 | |
| 10145805151 | Venice | A wealthy city-state in northern Italy whom had a contract to transport crusaders tot he Middle East. | 24 | |
| 10145805152 | Crusades | The fight of European Christians to reclaim control of the Holy Land, which was heavily influenced by politics and resulted in a temporary answer to the growing challenges to the Church from reformers and monarchs. | 25 | |
| 10145805153 | Mongols | From Central Asia, these nomads marched across Eurasia throughout the 13th century leaving destruction and chaos in their wake. While being the largest empire in the history of the world thanks to Genghis Khan, the reputation of slaughter spread even farther than their actual conquest. However, int heir quest for blood and treasure, the Mongols also sparked a period of interregional connection and exchange at a level that the world had not experienced in a thousand years. | 26 | |
| 10145805154 | Ferdinand Magellan | Portuguese navigator. While trying to find a western route to Asia, he was killed in the Philippines (1521). One of his ships returned to Spain (1522), thereby completing the first circumnavigation of the globe. | 27 | |
| 10145805155 | Protestant Reformation | Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church beginning in 1519. It resulted in the 'protesters' forming several new Christian denominations including the Lutheran and Reformed Churches and the Church of England | 28 | |
| 10145805156 | Smallpox | Disease brought over by the Europeans in the Columbia Exchange | 29 | |
| 10145805157 | Christopher Columbus | Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China | 30 | |
| 10145805158 | Columbian Exchange | The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages | 31 | |
| 10145805159 | Alaska | State in northwestern most North America bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north; Yukon, Canada, to the east; the Pacific Ocean to the south; and the Bering sea to the west. | 32 | |
| 10145805160 | Shariah | the code of law derived from the Koran and from the teachings and example of Mohammed | 33 | |
| 10145805161 | Conservatism | This was the political idea in which the people regarded tradition as the basic source of human institutions and the proper state of society remained those before the French Revolution which rested on a judicious blend on monarchy, bureaucracy, aristocracy, and respectful commoners | 34 | |
| 10145805162 | United States Constitution | The government of the United States. A set of principles (guidelines) that describe the duties and powers of the government | 35 | |
| 10145805163 | Declaration of Independence | the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain | 36 | |
| 10145805164 | Urbanization | The social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban | 37 | |
| 10145805165 | Communism | A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state | 38 | |
| 10145805166 | Monroe Doctrine | Declaration in 1823 establishing America as a completely independent country; they were supported by the British; European rules | 39 | |
| 10145805167 | Imperialism | The policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding countries and dependencies. | 40 | |
| 10145805168 | concentration camps | Camps in which enemies of Hitler and the Nazi party were held. The conditions were in humane and captives usually died sooner or later | 41 | |
| 10145805169 | Poison Gas | poisonous gas or vapor, used especially to disable or kill an enemy in warfare. | 42 | |
| 10145805170 | Machine Guns | an automatic gun that fires bullets in rapid succession for as long as the trigger is pressed. | 43 | |
| 10145805171 | Franklin D. Roosevelt | Introduced the New Deal, and led the US through most of WWII and the Great Depression | 44 | |
| 10145805172 | Hiroshima | City in Japan, the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb, on August 6, 1945. The bombing hastened the end of World War II | 45 | |
| 10145805173 | Ghettos | a part of a city, especially a slum area, occupied by a minority group or groups. | 46 | |
| 10145805174 | Globalization | Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope. Causes cultural diffusion and economic dependencies | 47 | |
| 10145805175 | AIDS | A deadly infectious disease that has killed millions across the globe. It has had the largest affect in sub-Saharan Africa where it has stalled poverty relief and is partially responsible for continued increase in poverty there | 48 | |
| 10145805176 | World Health Organization (WHO) | 1948; is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with international public health. | 49 |
We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.
For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.
If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.
While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!
