AP Psychology: Motivation and Emotion Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7672238502 | motivation | the process by which activities are started, directed, and continued so that physical or psychological needs or wants are met. |  | 0 |
| 7672238503 | extrinsic motivation | type of motivation in which a person performs an action because it leads to an outcome that is separate from or external to the person. |  | 1 |
| 7672238504 | intrinsic motivation | type of motivation in which a person performs an action because the act itself is rewarding or satisfying in some internal manner. |  | 2 |
| 7672238505 | instincts | the biologically determined and innate patterns of behavior that exist in both people and animals. |  | 3 |
| 7672238506 | instinct approach | approach to motivation that assumes people are governed by insticts similar to those of animals. |  | 4 |
| 7672238507 | need | a requirement of some material (such as food or water) that is essential for survival of the organism |  | 5 |
| 7672238508 | drive | a psychological tension and physical arousal arising when there is a need that motivates the organism to act in order to fulfill the need and reduce the tension |  | 6 |
| 7672238509 | drive-reduction theory | approach to motivation that assumes behavior arises from physiological needs that cause internal drives to push the organism to satisfy the need and reduce tension and arousal |  | 7 |
| 7672238510 | primary drives | those drives that involve needs of the body such as hunger and thirst | 8 | |
| 7672238511 | acquired (secondary) drives | those drives that are learned through experience or conditioning, such as the need for money or social approval |  | 9 |
| 7672238512 | homeostasis | the tendency of the body to maintain a steady state |  | 10 |
| 7672238513 | need for achievement (nAch) | a need that involves a strong desire to succeed in attaining goals, not only realistic ones but also challenging ones |  | 11 |
| 7672238514 | need for affiliation (nAff) | the need for friendly social interactions and relationships with others |  | 12 |
| 7672238515 | need for power (nPow) | the need to have control or influence over others |  | 13 |
| 7672238516 | stimulus motive | a motive that appears to be unlearned but causes an increase in stimulation, such as curiosity |  | 14 |
| 7672238517 | arousal theory | theory of motivation in which people are said to have an optimal (best or ideal) level of tension that they seek to maintain by increasing or decreasing stimulation |  | 15 |
| 7672238518 | Yerkes-Dodson law | law stating performance is related to arousal; moderate levels or arousal lead to better performance than do levels of arousal that are too low or too high. This effect varies with the difficulty of the task: Easy tasks require a high-moderate level whereas more difficult tasks require a low-moderate level |  | 16 |
| 7672238519 | sensation seeker | someone who needs more arousal than the average person |  | 17 |
| 7672238520 | incentives | things that attract or lure people into action |  | 18 |
| 7672238521 | incentive approaches | theories of motivation in which behavior is explained as a response to the external stimulus and its rewarding properties |  | 19 |
| 7672238522 | expectancy-value theories | incentive theories that assume the actions of humans cannot be predicted or fully understood without understanding the beliefs, values, and the importance that a person attaches to those beliefs and values at any given moment in time | 20 | |
| 7672238523 | self-actualization | according to Maslow, the point that is seldom reached at which people have sufficiently satisfied the lower needs and achieved their full human potential |  | 21 |
| 7672238524 | peak experiences | according to Maslow, times in a person's life during which self-actualization is temporarily achieved |  | 22 |
| 7672238525 | self-determination theory (SDT) | theory of human motivation in which the social context of an action has an effort on the type of motivation existing for the action | 23 | |
| 7672238526 | insulin | a hormone secreted by the pancreas to control the levels of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates in the body by reducing the level of glucose in the bloodstream |  | 24 |
| 7672238527 | glucagons | hormones that are secreted by the pancreas to control the levels of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates in the body by increasing the level of glucose in the bloodstream |  | 25 |
| 7672238528 | weight set point | the particular level of weight the body tries to maintain |  | 26 |
| 7672238529 | basal metabolic rate (BMR) | the rate at which the body burns energy when the organism is resting |  | 27 |
| 7672238530 | leptin | a hormone that, when released into the bloodstream, signals the hypothalamus that the body has had enough food and reduces the appetite while increasing the feeling of being full | 28 | |
| 7672238531 | anorexia nervosa | a condition in which a person reduces eating to the point that a weight loss of 15 percent below the ideal body weight or more occurs |  | 29 |
| 7672238532 | bulimia nervosa | a condition in which a person develops a cycle of "binging," or overeating enormous amounts of food at one sitting, and then using unhealthy methods to avoid weight gain |  | 30 |
| 7672238533 | emotion | the "feeling" aspect of consciousness, characterized by a certain physical arousal, a certain behavior that reveals the emotion to the outside world, and an inner awareness of feelings |  | 31 |
| 7672238534 | display rules | learned ways of controlling displays of emotion in social settings |  | 32 |
| 7672238535 | James-Lange theory of emotion | theory in which a physiological reaction leads to the labeling of an emotion. I am afraid because I am shaking |  | 33 |
| 7672238536 | Cannon-Bard theory of emotion | theory in which the physiological reaction and the emotion are assumed to occur at the same time. I am shaking and afraid at the same time |  | 34 |
| 7672238537 | Schachter's cognitive arousal theory/ Singer and Schachter's Two Factor | theory of emotion in which both the physical arousal and the labeling of that arousal based on cues from the environment must occur before the emotion is experienced. That huge bear is dangerous and that makes me feel afraid |  | 35 |
| 7672238538 | facial feedback hypothesis | theory of emotion that assumes that facial expressions provide feedback to the brain concerning the emotion being expressed, which in turn causes and intensifies the emotion |  | 36 |
| 7672238539 | positive psychology movement | a viewpoint that recommends shifting the focus of psychology away from the negative aspects to a more positive focus on strengths, well-being, and the pursuit of happiness |  | 37 |
| 7672238540 | Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs | Humanist theory of motivation that says we must first fulfill lower level needs before achieving personal fulfillment and self actualization Physiological-Safety-Belongingness and Love-Esteem-Cognitive-Self Actualization |  | 38 |
| 7672238541 | ventromedial hypothalamus | stops the eating response; lets us know we are full if damaged, we would continue to eat |  | 39 |
| 7672238542 | lateral hypothamalus | initiates the eating response; lets us know we are hungry if damaged, we would starve |  | 40 |
| 7672238543 | Overjustification | when an expected external reward such as money decreases a person's intrinsic motivation to do something. The reading log reward makes you no longer enjoy reading as much as you once did. |  | 41 |
