| CourseNotes

APES Flashcards

7241204788	Biodiversity	Variety of different species	0
7241204789	Biodegradable pollutants	Material that can be broken down into simplier substances by bacteria or decomposers	1
7241204790	Ecological footprint	Amount of biogically productive land and water needed to supply a population with the renewable resources it uses	2
7241204791	Ecological tipping point	Point at which an environment problem reaches a threshhold level which causes a irrreversible shift in behavior of a natural system.	3
7241204792	Environmental degradation	Depletion or destruction of a potientally renewable resource.	4
7241204793	Environmental ethics	Human beliefs about what is right or wrong with how we treat our environment	5
7241204794	Environmental wisdom world view	Worldview holding that humans are part of and totally dependent on nature	6
7241204795	Environmental world view	Set of assumptions and beliefs about how people think the world works	7
7241204796	Environmentalism	Social movement dedicated to protecting the earths life support systems for us and ithet species	8
7241204797	Environmentally sustainable society	Society that meets the current and future needs of its people for basic resources in a just and equitable manner without screwing over their posterity	9
7241204798	Gross domestic product (GDP)	Annual market value of all goods and services produced by all firms and organizations	10
7241204799	Input pollution control	Device, process, or stragedy used to prevent a potiental pollutant from forming	11
7241204800	natural capital	The natural resources of Earth that keep us alive and support us, such as air, water, and minerals.	12
7241204801	Natural income	Renewable resources such as plants and animals	13
7241204802	Natural services	Processes of nature such as purification of air and water which support life and human economies	14
7241204803	nondegradable pollutants	Material that is not broken down by natural processes	15
7241204804	Nonpoint sources	A broad area from which pollutants enter	16
7241204805	Nutrient cycling	The circulation of chemicals necessary for life	17
7241204806	Output pollution control	Device or product that removes or reduces a level of pollutant in an area	18
7241204807	Per capita ecological footprint	Amount of biologically productive land and water needed to supply each person wiyh renewable reosources they use	19
7241204808	per capita GDP	Measure of the amount of goods and services that a countrys average citizen could buy in the united states	20
7241204809	perpetual resource	Esstienally inexhaustable resource on a human time scale because its renewed continuously	21
7241204810	Plantary management worldview	Worldview holding that humans are seperate from nature, that nature exists mainly to meet our needs and wants.	22
7241204811	Point sources	A single source that disperses pollution	23
7241204812	Pollution cleanup	Device or process that removes or reduces level of pollution in an area	24
7241204813	Pollution prevention	Device or strategy used to prevent potential pollutant from sntering area	25
7241204814	Poverty	Inability of people to meet their basic needs for food, clothes abd shelter	26
7241204815	Recycling	To collect ad reprocess a resource so that it can be made into new products	27
7241204816	Reuse	To use a product over and over again in the same form	28
7241204817	Social capita	Result of getting people with different views to talk and listen to one another to solve environmental problems	29
7241204818	Stewardship worldview	Worldview holding that we can manage the earth for our benefit but that we have a responsibility to care for it	30
7241204819	Sustainability	Ability of earths various systems to survive and adapt to environmental change	31
7241204820	Sustainable yield	Highest rate at which a potential renewable resource can be used without reducing its supply	32
7241204821	Acidity	Chemical characteristics that help determine how a substance dissolved in water will affect its environment	33
7241204822	Atomic number	Number of protons in the nucleas.	34
7241204823	Atomic theory	Idea that all elements are made up of atoms	35
7241204824	Chemical change	Interaction between chemicals in which the chemical composition is changed	36
7241204825	Chemical formula	Shorthand way to show the number of atoms in a compound	37
7241204826	Compounds	Combination of atoms of two or more elements held together by chemical bonds	38
7241204827	Electromagnetic radiation	Forms of kinetic energy traveling as electromagnetic waves	39
7241204828	Elements	A chemical whose distinctly different atoms serve as the basic building. Blocks of all matter.	40
7241204829	Energy quality	Ability of a form of energy to do useful work	41
7241204830	Feedback	Any process that increases or decreases a change to a system	42
7241204831	feedback loop	Occurs when an output of matter, energy or information is fed back into the system as an input and leads to changes in that system	43
7241204832	first law of thermodynamics	Whenever energy is changed from one form to another, no energy is created or destoryed.	44
7241204833	Throughput	Rate of flow of matter, energy, or information through a system.	45
7241204834	Fossil fuels	Products of partial or complete decompostion of plants and animals; occurs as oil and natural gas	46
7241204835	Frontier science	Preliminary scientific data, hypothesis and models that have not been widely tested and accepted.	47
7241204836	High quality energy	Energy that has been concetrated and had great ability to perform useful work.	48
7241204837	High quality matter	Matter that is concetrated and highly useful	49
7241204838	Inorganic compounds	All compounds that aren't organic compounds	50
7241204839	Inputs	Matter, energy, or info entering a system	51
7241204840	Ion	An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.	52
7241204841	Isotopes	Two or more forms of a chemical element that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons	53
7241204842	Law of Conservation of Matter	Matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change but change in one form to anothet	54
7241204843	Low quality energy	Energy that has little ability to do useful work	55
7241204844	low quality matter	Matter that contains a low concentration of a useful resource	56
7241204845	Mass number	Sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleas	57
7241204846	Matter quality	Measure of how useful a matter resource is based on concetration and availability	58
7241204847	Molecule	Combination of two or more atomw of the same chemical element	59
7241204848	negative feedback loop	Feedback loop that causes a system to change in the opposite direction from which is it moving	60
7241204849	Nuclear change	Process in which nuclei of certain isotopes change into one or more different isotopes	61
7241204850	Organic compounds	Compounds containing carbon atoms combined with each other, all elements	62
7241204851	Peer review	Process of scientist reporting details of the methods and models they used the results of their experiments in the reasons behind their hypothesis for other scientist working in the same field to examine and criticize	63
7241204852	pH	Numeric value that indicates the relative acidity or Alkalinity to see of a substance on a scale of 0 to 14	64
7241204853	Physical change	Process that alters one or more physical properties of an element or compound without changing its chemical composition	65
7241204854	Positive feedback loop	Feedback loop that causes the system to change further in the same direction	66
7241204855	Reliable science	Concepts and ideas that are widely excepted by experts in a particular field of natural or social sciences	67
7241204856	Scientific hypothesis	Educated guess that attempts to explain a scientific law	68
7241204857	Scientific natural law	Description of what scientist find happening in nature repeatedly in the same way	69
7241204858	Scientific theory	A well tested and widely accepted scientific hypothesis	70
7241204859	second law of thermodynamics	Whenever energy is converted from one form to another any physical or chemical change. It will end with lower quality or less usable energy	71
7241204860	Synergistic interaction	Interaction of two or more factors or processes so that the combined effect is greater than the sum of their separate effects	72
7241204861	System	Set of components that function and interact and some regular and theoretically predictable matter	73
7241204862	Throughputs	Rate of flow, matter, energy or information through system	74
7241204863	Tipping point	Threshold level at which an environmental problem causes a fundamental an irreversible shift in the behavior of a system	75

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ap Flashcards

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7273353202	sequent occupance	when different groups create distinct cultural landscapes in an area	0
7273353203	cultural landscape	Fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group.	1
7273353204	Arithmetic Density	The total number of people divided by the total land area.	2
7273353205	physiological density	the number of people per unit area of arable land	3
7273353206	hearth (n.)	the region from which innovative ideas originate	4
7273353207	Difussion	movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration	5
7273353208	relocation diffusion	the spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another	6
7273353209	expansion diffusion	the spread of a feature from one place to another in a snowballing process	7
7273353210	Hierarchical Diffusion	Spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places	8
7273353211	Contagious Diffusion	the rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population	9
7273353212	Stimulus diffusion	The spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected.	10
7273353213	absolute distance	Exact measurement of the physical space between two places.	11
7273353214	relative distance	Approximate measurement of the physical space between two places.	12
7273353215	Distribution	The arrangement of something across Earth's surface.	13
7273353216	environmental determinism	the concept that the environment determines what an individual is.	14
7273353217	absolute location	the precise point where a place is located on Earth	15
7273353218	relative location	The position of a place in relation to another place	16
7273353219	site	The physical character of a place	17
7273353220	Situation	the location of a place relative to other places	18
7273353221	Space time compression	Reduction in time it takes for something to reach another place	19
7273353222	friction of distance	Increase in time and cost that comes with increasing distance	20
7273353223	Distance Decay	decline of activity or function with increasing distance from its point of origin	21
7273353224	Networks	Sets of informal and formal social ties that link people to each other.	22
7273353225	Connectivity	Connectedness of a node in the world economy to other nodes along networks	23
7273353226	accessability	the degree of ease with which it is possible to reach certain location from other locations	24
7273353227	space	refers to the physical gap or interval between two objecrs	25
7273353228	Spatial Distribution	Physical location of geographic phenomena across space.	26
7273353229	size	Is the estimation or determination of extent	27
7273353230	scale	Representation of real-world phenomenon at a certain level of reduction or generalization	28
7273353231	formal region	An area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics	29
7273353232	Functional Region	An area organized around a node or focal point	30
7273353233	vernacular region	an area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity	31
7273353234	Possibilism	Environment influences, but does not control, human events	32
7273353235	pattern	The design of spatial distribution.	33
7273353236	Toponym	often referred to as a place name	34
7273353237	gps	Global Positioning System	35
7273353238	gis	A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data.	36

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AP French email vocabulary Flashcards

Opening an Email, Closing an Email, and Other Expressions Used in an Email.

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8608763454	Monsieur, Madame,	To whom it may concern,	0
8608763455	Cher monsieur	Dear sir,	1
8608763456	Chère madame	Dear madam,	2
8608763457	Monsieur le Directeur/Madame la Directrice	Dear Director,	3
8608763458	Monsieur le professeur/Madame le professeur	Dear Professor,	4
8608763459	Monsieur le docteur/Madame le docteur	Dear Doctor,	5
8608763460	Je vous suis reconnaissant(e) de m'avoir contacté(e).	I thank you for having contacted me.	6
8608763461	Bien cordialement	Sincerely (really cordial)	7
8608763462	Sincères salutations (to finish)	Sincere salutations	8
8608763463	En réponse à votre mail (...)	In response to your email (...)	9
8608763464	Veuillez m'informer le plus vite que possible (...)	Please inform me as soon as possible (...)	10
8608763465	Je vous prie d'agréer, Monsieur (Madame), l'expression de mes sentiments distingués.	Typical Closing Formula for a Professional Letter	11
8608763466	Pourriez-vous....?	Could you....	12
8608763467	Je vous serais très reconnaissant de bien vouloir m'indiquer.....	I would really appreciate it, if you could let me know...	13

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AP Flashcards

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7877559312	Hominid	Kawangis ng tao na kayang tumayo at lumakad ng tuwid	0
7877559313	Homo Erectus	Taong tuwid or Able man	1
7877559314	Homo Habilis	Handy man	2
7877559315	Homo Sapiens	Thinking man	3
7877559316	Homo Sapiens Sapiens	Modern man	4
7877559317	Pithecanthropus Erectus	Ano scientific name ng Taong Java	5
7877559318	Sinanthropus Pekinensis	Ano scientific name ng Taong Peke	6
7877559319	Lucy	Tinatawag siyang African Eve	7
7877559320	Ng ng ng ng ng bg ng ng bg nh nh nh		8

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AP WORLD SAQ Flashcards

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8629597638	Claim	Restate (Identify what you're talking about)	0
8629597639	Evidence	Supports claim with valid and detailed evidence For example Answers Who, What, Where, When Demonstrates How	1
8629597640	Analysis	Proving the cause; supports evidence and shows a valid connection This is true because This happened because The reason for this Therefore This led to This resulted in	2
8629629149	Period 1	Big Bang to 600 B.C.E.	3
8629633779	Period 2	600 B.C.E.-600 C.E.	4
8629636178	How to answer SAQ	No Bullets (Complete sentences) Use pen Don't go out of the box NO THESIS; just answer	5

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ap Flashcards

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6796520763	infidel	someone who does not believe in a religion	0
6796524436	prudent	having careful good judgement	1
6796529351	vex	to annoy or worry	2
6796536291	pernicious	causing great harm or damage	3
6796538111	fervent	having strong feelings	4
6796540460	vanquish	to completely defeat	5
6796542257	feign	to pretend to be affected	6
6796544382	ambivalence	simultaneous and contradictory attitudes or feelings	7
6796547488	gratuitous	not necessary or appropriate	8
6796551020	emulate	to try to be like	9
6796552294	pious	deeply religious	10
6796553971	zealous	showing strong support	11
6796556095	cynical	believing people are selfish and dishonest	12
6796566317	petulant	getting angry or annoyed when not getting what is desired	13
6796569252	mordant	expressing harsh criticism with humor	14
6796571977	diatribe	angry speech or writing that strongly criticizes	15
6796575766	despotism	rule by a person with total power	16
6796577687	ignominy	situation that causes shame and embarrassment	17
6796580560	callous	not showing concern for problems or suffering of others	18
6796583633	voracious	tendency to eat a lot	19
6796585692	punctilious	careful about behaving properly and doing things correctly	20
6796592042	pedantic	annoying people by correcting small errors	21
6796598867	dyspepsia	pain in stomach from indigestion	22
6796600329	condescending	showing that you are superior than others	23
6796602911	pedestrian	not interesting; related to walking	24
6796605670	consecrate	to make holy by religious ceremony	25
6796608202	tacit	understood without being directly stated	26
6796610951	cloistered	separated from rest of world	27
6796612969	exhort	to urge or influence someone to do something	28
6796615710	embellishment	decorate something to make more attractive	29
6796618364	doggerel	poorly written unserious poetry	30
6796621261	burlesque	entertainment that makes serious subject funny	31
6796624686	hypocrisy	doing what is against what you say	32
6796630904	complacent	satisfied with how things are	33
6796632394	dogmatic	expressing personal opinions as if they were fact	34
6796635330	integrity	being honest and fair	35
6796637203	bellicose	tendency to argue and fight	36
6796640954	languid	having little strength or energy	37
6796642402	pragmatic	using practical instead of idealistic ways to solve problems	38
6796668327	discursive	moving from topic to topic with no organization	39
6796677907	vacuous	showing lack of intelligence or substance	40
6796680570	compunction	a feeling of guilt	41
6796685461	inculcate	learning by repeating over and over	42
6796689141	beguile	to deceive	43
6796693211	usurp	to take using force	44
6796702808	adroit	very clever	45
6796708296	cognizant	aware of something	46
6796724064	insipid	not interesting	47
6796729502	pecuniary	relating to money	48
6796738502	resplendent	very bright	49
6796743023	effusive	expressing a lot of emotion	50
6796745887	mien	a person's appearance	51
6796761840	encumber	to weigh down	52
6796766408	sepulcher	a place of burial	53
6796769797	didactic	intended to teach	54
6796780616	fatuously	foolish	55
6796786134	impugn	to attack with words	56
6796792229	ethereal	resembling heaven	57
6796800692	sanguine	confident and hopeful	58
6796806097	deleterious	damaging or harmful	59
6796811235	retinue	a group of supporters	60
6796814936	obfuscate	to make something more difficult to understand	61
6796819700	nascent	beginning to develop	62
6796823870	elegiac	sad poem	63
6796825699	lugubriously	full of sorrow	64
6796848896	inexorable	not able to be stopped	65
6796854460	capriciously	changing often	66
6796862823	marauder	someone who raids	67
6796868977	moribund	close to death	68
6796876329	presage	something that foreshadows a future event	69
6796891939	acquiesce	to allow something to happen by not interrupting	70
6796899056	affront	to show a lack of respect	71
6796902711	nefarious	evil	72
6796904797	efficacy	power to produce desired result	73
6796907932	licentiously	disregarding sexual restraints	74

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APES Food Flashcards

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6145157628	Undernutrition	Not consuming enough calories to be healthy.	0
6145157629	Malnourished	Diet lacks the correct balance of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and minterals	1
6145157630	Food Security	- Condition in which people have access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs for an active and healthy life.	2
6145157631	Food Insecurity	Refers to the condition in which people do not have adequate access to food.	3
6145157632	Famine	Condition in which food insecurity is so extreme that large #'s of deaths occur in a given area over a relatively short period.	4
6145157633	Anemia	Iron deficiency; most widespread nutritional deficiency in the world. (Est. 3 billion)	5
6145157634	Overnutrition	The ingestion of too many calories and improper foods, which causes a person to become overweight (Est. 1 billion).	6
6145157635	Meat	2nd largest component of the human diet; usually defined as livestock and poultry.	7
6145157636	Industrial Agriculture/Agribusiness	Applies the techniques of the Industrial Revolution - Mechanization and standardization - to the production of food.	8
6145157638	Green Revolution	New management techniques and mechanization as well as the triad of fertilization, irrigation and improved crop varieties. These changes increased food production drastically.	9
6145157644	Fertilizers	Replaces nutrients lost through agriculture	10
6145157645	Organic Fertilizers	Composed of organic matter from plants and animals. Manure, etc.	11
6145157646	Synthetic/Inorganic	Produced commercially. Nitrogen fertilizers are often made by combusting natural gas.	12
6145157647	Monocropping	Dominant agricultural practice in the U.S. Where large patches of land grow only one kind of crop. -> Soil degredation	13
6145157648	Pesticides	Substances that kill or control pests.	14
6145157649	Insecticides	Target species of insects and other invertebrates that eat crops.	15
6145157650	Herbicides	Target plant species that compete with crops.	16
6145157651	Broad-Spectrum	Pesticides that kill many different pests.	17
6145157652	Selective Pesticides	Kill on a narrow range of organisms.	18
6145157653	Persistent	Pesticides that remain in the environment for a long time	19
6145157654	Bioaccumulation	Building up over time in fat tissue of predators. More builds up than is eliminated.	20
6145157655	Nonperisistent	Breakdown rapidly	21
6145157656	Resistant	Those individuals who survive the pesticide	22
6145157657	Pesticide Treadmill	Positive feedback system. Pesticide Development -> Survivors/Immune -> more poisons.	23
6145157658	Conventional Agriculture	Industrial agriculture that has been so successful in reducing labor inputs and has become very widespread.	24
6145157662	Sustainable Agriculture	Fulfills the need for food and fiber while enhancing the quality of soil, minimizing the use of nonrenewable resources and allowing economic viability for the farmer.	25
6145157663	Intercropping	2 or more crop species are planted in the same field at the same time to promote a synergistic interaction between them.	26
6145157664	Crop Rotation	Moving crops around to help keep nutrient levels high throughout the years.	27
6145157665	Agroforestry	Intercropping trees with vegetables allows vegetation of different heights to act a windbreaks and catch soil.	28
6145157666	Contour Plowing	Plowing and harvesting parallel to the topographic contours of the land helps prevent erosion by water.	29
6145157667	No-Till Agriculture	Avoid soil degradation that comes with conventional agricultural techniques.	30
6145157668	Integrated Pest Management (IPM)	Uses a variety of techniques designed to minimize pesticide outputs.	31
6145157669	Organic Agriculture	Production of crops without the use of synthetic pesticides or fertilizers.	32
6145157670	Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO)	Which are large indoor or outdoor structures designed for maximum output.	33
6145157671	Fishery	Commercially harvestable population of fish within an ecological region.	34
6145157672	Fishery Collapse	Decline of a fish population by at least 90%	35
6145157673	Bycatch	Unintentional Catches. Significantly reduced population of fish species such as sharks and endangered other organisms.	36
6145157675	Aquaculture	Farmings of aquatic organisms like shellfish, fish or seaweed.	37

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APES Energy Flashcards

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8564512243	active solar	an approach in which technological devices are used to focus, move, or store solar energy.	0
8564512246	biomass	organic material derived from living or recently living organisms, containing chemical energy that originated from photosynthesis	1
8564512248	biofuels	fuel produced from biomass energy sources and used primarily to power automobiles	2
8564512250	bitumen	a thick and heavy form of petroleum rich in carbon and poor in hydrogen	3
8564512254	Chernobyl	Site of a nuclear power plant in Ukraine (then a part of the Soviet Union), where in 1986 an explosion caused the most severe nuclear reactor accident the world has yet seen.	4
8564512255	Clean coal technologies	a wide array of techniques, equipment, and approaches that seek to remove chemical contaminants (such as sulfur) during the process of generating electricity from coal	5
8564512258	carbon sequestration	technologies or approaches to sequester, or store, carbon dioxide from industrial emissions.	6
8564512260	crude oil	a fossil fuel produced by the conversion of organic compounds by heat and pressure.	7
8564512262	electricity	a secondary form of energy that can be trasnferred over long distances and applied for a variety of uses.	8
8564512263	energy	the capacity to change the position, physical composition, or temperature of matter; a force that can accomplish work	9
8564512268	ethanol	the alcohol in beer, wine, and liquor, produced as a biofuel by fermenting biomass, generally from carbohydrate-rich crops such as corn.	10
8564512270	first law of thermodynamics	physical law stating that energy can change from one form to another but cannot be created or lost.	11
8564512272	fossil fuels	a nonrenewable natural resource, such as crude oil, natural gas, or coal, produced by the decomposition and compression of organic matter from ancient life.	12
8564512273	fuel rods	rods of uranium that supply the fuel for nuclear fission, and are kept bathed in a moderator in a nuclear reactor.	13
8564512274	gasification	a process in which biomass is vaporized at extremely high tempratures in the absence of oxygen, creating a gaseous mixture including hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane, in order to produce biopower or biofuels.	14
8564512275	geothermal energy	renewable energy that is generated deep within earth.	15
8564512279	hydroelectric power	the generation of electricity using the kinetic energy of moving water	16
8564512280	kerogen	a substance derived from deeply buried organic matter that acts as a source material for both natural gas and crude oil.	17
8564512281	kinetic energy	energy of motion.	18
8564512282	liquefied natural gas	natural gas that has been converted to a liquid at low-temperatures and that can be shipped long distances in refrigerated tankers.	19
8564512283	meltdown	the accidental melting of the uranium fuel rods inside the core of a nuclear reactor, causing the release of radiation.	20
8564512284	methane hydrate	an ice-like solid consisting of molecules of methane embedded in a crystal lattice of water molecules.	21
8564512286	natural gas	a fossil fuel composed primarily of methane (CH4), produced as a byproduct when bacteria decompose organic material under anaerobic conditions.	22
8564512288	NIMBY	syndrome in which people do not want something (e.g. a polluting facility) where they live, even if they may want or need the thing to exist somewhere. "Not in my BackYard"	23
8564512289	nuclear energy	the energy that holds together protons and neutrons within the nucleus of an atom.	24
8564512290	nuclear fission	the conversion of the energy within an atom's nucleus to usable thermal energy by splitting apart atomic nuclei.	25
8564512293	nuclear reactors	a facility within a nuclear power plant that initiates and controls the process of nuclear fission in order to generate electricity.	26
8564512295	oil sands	deposits that can be mined from the ground, consisting of moist sand and clay containing 1-20% bitumen, that some envision as a replacement for crude oil as this resource is depleted.	27
8564512296	oil shale	sedimentary rock filled with kerogen that can be processed to produce liquid petroleum.	28
8564512298	peak oil	term used to describe the point of maximum production of petroleum in the world, after whch oil production declines.	29
8564512300	photovoltaic cells	a device designed to collect sunlight and directly convert it to electrical energy by making use of the photoelectric eeffect.	30
8564512306	refining	process of separating the molecules of the various hydrocarbons in crude oil into different-sized classes and transforming them into various fuels and other petrochemical products.	31
8564512310	solar energy	energy from the sun - perpetually renewable and may be harnessed in several ways	32
8564512314	Three Mile Island	nuclear power plant in Pennsylvania that in 1979 experienced a partia lmeltdown.	33
8564512315	tidal energy	energy harnessed bye recting a dam across the outlet of a tidal basin.	34
8564512316	wave energy	energy harnessed from the motion of wind-driven waves at the ocean's surface.	35
8564512317	wind energy	energy from the motion of wind	36
8564512318	wind turbines	a mechanichal assembly that converts the wind's kinetic energy, or energy of motion, into electrical energy	37

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apes Flashcards

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5284258812	ground water	underground water that is held in the soil and in pervious rocks	0
5284263056	zone of saturation	an area where all the pores in a rock are completely filled with water, near ground surface	1
5284265273	water table	The upper level of the saturated zone of groundwater	2
5284265274	aquifers	An underground water reservoir. a body of permeable rock that can contain or transmit groundwater.	3
5284269667	drip irrigations	low volume watering system to homes by dripping,stress,spraying	4
5284272604	soil moisture detecters	measures quantity of water in soil	5
5284278740	xeriscaping	landscaping using plants adapted to dry conditions	6
5284286168	tiered water pricing system	Changing water prices accordingly	7
5284290410	saltwater intrusion	movement of saltwater into freshwater aquifers in coastal areas where groundwater is withdrawn faster than it is replenished;	8
5284292483	isotope hydrology	dates and ages movement off water in hydraulic cycle	9
5284292484	aqueducts	Bridge-like stone structures that carry water	10
5284299257	gray water	Water that was already used in sinks, showers and washing machines is called:	11
5284302863	natural recharge	Natural replenishment of an aquifer by precipitation, which percolates downward through soil and rock.	12
5284304846	surface water	Water above the surface of the land, including lakes, rivers, streams, ponds, floodwater, and runoff.	13
5284306956	surface runoff	Precipitation that does not infiltrate the ground or return to the atmosphere by evaporation.	14
5284306957	watershed	The land area that supplies water to a river system. An ecosystem where all water runoff drains into a single body of water	15
5284309824	floodplain	an area of low-lying ground adjacent to a river, formed mainly of river sediments and subject to flooding.	16
5284314471	channelization	An engineering technique to straighten, widen, deepen, or otherwise modify a natural stream channel.	17
5284321407	levees	Barriers composed of sediments made on either side of a river due to flooding.	18
5284323341	consumptive use	Freshwater that is removed from a particular aquifer or surface water body and is not returned to it. Used for agricultural, industrial, & households (drinking water)	19
5284340324	non consumptive use	Fresh water use in which water from an aquifer or surface body water is not removed or is removed temporarily and then returned	20
5284384372	desalination	A process of removing salt from ocean water	21
5284388165	distillation	A process that separates the substances in a solution based on their boiling points	22
5284391079	reverse osmosis	A technique for purifying water by forcing it through a semipermeable membrane.	23
5284397516	artesian well	water rises on its own because of pressure within an aquifer	24
5284397517	reliable run off	Surface runoff of water that generally can be counted on as a stable source of water from year-to-year.	25
5284401219	withdrawal	freshwater removal	26
5284404756	center pivot irrigation	An irrigation system comsisting of a spray arm several hundred meters long supported by wheels pivoting around a central well from which water is pumped.	27
5284410503	water hot spots	In these areas, competition for scarce water to support growing urban areas, irrigation, recreation, and wildlife could trigger intense political and legal conflicts; where water is scarce.	28
5284416455	hydrological poverty	Serious water shortages are emerging as the demand for water in many countries simply outruns the supply forcing people to live in poverty.	29
5284418551	shantytowns	Unplanned slum development on the margins of cities, dominated by crude dwellings and shelters made mostly of scrap wood, iron, and even pieces of cardboard.	30
5284421834	land subsidence	due to rapid rate of withdrawing large amounts of groundwater from sand and rock in aquifers; leads to land above settling and sinking over time	31
5284424041	cloud seeding	The scattering of chemicals into clouds in hopes of bringing rain/precipitation.	32
5284424042	flood irrigation	water runs in sheets across fields (lots of evaporatives, 45% efficiency	33
5284432895	ogallala aquifer	A body of water, under the Great Plains, that farmers use to irrigate their crops.	34
5284357406	desalinate	remove salt	35

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