Flashcards
AP World Chapter 2 Flashcards
7559369775 | Mesopotamia | literally "between the rivers"; the civilization that arose in the plain of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers | 0 | |
7559369776 | Cuneiform | form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets | 1 | |
7559369777 | Sumerians | people who migrated into Mesopotamia c. 4000 BCE; created first civilization within the region; organized area into city-states | 2 | |
7559369778 | City-state | a form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilizations | 3 | |
7559369779 | Babylonians | unified all of Mesopotamia c. 1800 BCE; empire collapsed due to foreign invasion c. 1600 BCE | 4 | |
7559369780 | Hammurabi | the most important ruled of the Babylonian empire; responsible for codification of law. | 5 | |
7559369781 | Pharaoh | title of kings of ancient Egypt | 6 | |
7559369782 | Pyramids | monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs | 7 | |
7559369783 | Kush | an African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile c. 1000 BCE; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries. | 8 | |
7559369784 | Indus River | river sources in Himalayas to mouth in Arabian Sea; location of Harappan civilization | 9 | |
7559369785 | Harappa | along with Mohenjodaro, major urban complex of the Harappan civilization; laid out on a planned grid pattern | 10 | |
7559369786 | Aryans | Indo-European nomadic pastoralists who replaced the Harappan civilization; militarized society | 11 | |
7559369787 | Vedas | Aryan hymns originally transmitted orally but written down in sacred books from the 6th century BCE | 12 | |
7559369788 | Upanishads | later books of the Vedas; contained sophisticated and sublime philosophical ideas; utilized by Brahmans to restore religious authority. | 13 | |
7559369789 | Yellow River | also known as the Huang He; site of development of sedentary agriculture in China | 14 | |
7559369790 | Ideographs | pictographic characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing | 15 | |
7559369791 | Shang | first Chinese dynasty for which archaeological evidence exists; capital located in Ordos bulge of the Huang He; flourished from 1600 to 1046 BCE | 16 | |
7559369792 | Olmecs | people of a cultural tradition that arose at San Lorenzo and La Venta in Mexico c. 1200 BCE; featured irrigated agriculture, urbanism, elaborate religion, beginnings of calendrical and writing systems | 17 | |
7559369793 | Phoenicians | seafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean. | 18 | |
7559369794 | Monotheism | the exclusive worship of a single god; introduced by the Jews into Western civilization. | 19 |
Flashcards
AP World History Period 1 Flashcards
From Hunting and Gathering to Civilizations, 2.5 million-1000 B.C.E.: Origins
8420168208 | Hunting and Gathering | Means of obtaining subsistence by humans before the mastery of sedentary agriculture; normally typical of tribal social organization | ![]() | 0 |
8420168209 | Civilization | Societies with reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of nonfarming elites, along with merchant and manufacturing groups | 1 | |
8420168210 | Neolithic | The New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished | ![]() | 2 |
8420168211 | Nomads | Cattle- and sheep-herding societies normally found on the fringes of civilized societies; commonly referred to as "barbarian" by civilized societies | ![]() | 3 |
8420168212 | Culture | Combination of ideas, objects, and patterns of behavior that result from human social interaction | ![]() | 4 |
8420168213 | Agrarian revolution | Occurred between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; transition from hunting and gathering to sedentary agriculture | 5 | |
8420168214 | Pastoralism | A nomadic agricultural lifestyle based on herding domesticated animals; tended to produce independent people capable of challenging sedentary agricultural societies | ![]() | 6 |
8420168215 | Catal Huyuk | Early urban culture based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern southern Turkey; larger in population than Jericho, had greater degree of social stratification | ![]() | 7 |
8420168216 | Bronze Age | From 4000 to 3000 B.C.E.; increased use of plow, metalworking; development of wheeled vehicles, writing | ![]() | 8 |
8420168217 | Mesopotamia | Literally "between the rivers"; the civilization that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris-Euphrates river valleys | ![]() | 9 |
8420168218 | Sumerians | People who migrated into Mesopotamia circa 4000 B.C.E.; created the first civilization within the region; organized area into city-states | ![]() | 10 |
8420168219 | Cuneiform | A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets | ![]() | 11 |
8420168220 | City-state | A form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilization; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king | ![]() | 12 |
8420168221 | Ziggurats | Massive towers usually associated with Mesopotamian temple connections | ![]() | 13 |
8420168222 | Babylonian Empire | Unified all of Mesopotamia circa 1800 B.C.E.; collapsed due to foreign invasion circa 1600 B.C.E. | ![]() | 14 |
8420168223 | Hammurabi | The most important Babylonian ruler; responsible for codification of the law | ![]() | 15 |
8420168224 | Pharaoh | The term used to denote the kings of ancient Egypt; the term, "great house" refers to the palace of the pharaohs | ![]() | 16 |
8420168225 | Pyramids | Monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs | ![]() | 17 |
8420168226 | Hieroglyphs | Form of writing developed in ancient Egypt; more pictorial than Mesopotamian cuneiform | ![]() | 18 |
8420168227 | Kush | African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile circa 1000 B.C.E.; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries | 19 | |
8420168228 | Monotheism | The exclusive worship of one god; introduced by Jews into Middle Eastern civilization | ![]() | 20 |
8420168229 | Phoenicians | Seafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean | ![]() | 21 |
8420168230 | Harappa and Mohenjo Daro | Major urban complexes of Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern | ![]() | 22 |
8420168231 | Aryans | Indo-European nomadic, warlike, pastorialists who replaced Harappan civilization | ![]() | 23 |
8420168232 | Huanghe (Yellow) River Basin | Site of the development of sedentary agriculture in China | ![]() | 24 |
8420168233 | Shang | 1st Chinese dynasty | ![]() | 25 |
8420168234 | Oracles | Shamans or priests in Chinese society who foretold the future through interpreting animal bones cracked by heat; inscriptions on bones led to Chinese writing | ![]() | 26 |
8420168235 | Ideographic writing | Pictograph characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing | 27 | |
8420168236 | Paleolithic | The period that ended about 3,000 years after the end of the last Ice Age, it lasted until about 10,000 years ago. (Old Stone Age) The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans. It predates the Neolithic period. | ![]() | 28 |
8420168237 | Eglitarian | Believing in the equality of all peoples | 29 | |
8420168238 | Neolithic Revolution | Global conversion to agriculture over hunter-gatherer lifestyles | ![]() | 30 |
8420168239 | Patriarchy | A system of inequality organized around gender categories that privileges males | ![]() | 31 |
AP World History Flashcards
9918920714 | Themes in World History | •Interaction between humans and the environment. •Developement and interaction of cultures. •State-building, expansion, and conflict. •Creation, expansion, and interaction of economic systems. •Development and transformation of social structures | 0 | |
9918920715 | Interaction between humans and the environment: | Demography Migration Patterns of Settlement Creation of technology | 1 | |
9918920716 | Developement and interaction of cultures: | Religions Belief systems Science and technology Arts and architecture | 2 | |
9918920717 | State building, expansion, and conflict: | Political structures Empires Nations and nationalism Revolts and revolution Regional, transregional, and global structures and organizations | 3 | |
9918920718 | Creation, expansion, and interaction of economic systems: | Agricultural and pastoral production Trade and Commerce Labor Systems Industrialization | 4 | |
9918920719 | Developement and transformation of social structures: | Gender roles and relations Family and kinship Racial and ethnic constructions Social and economic classes | 5 | |
9918920720 | Our species can be traced back to the _________. | Homo sapiens | 6 | |
9918920721 | What is another name for homo sapiens? | Thinking man | 7 | |
9918920722 | Describe homo sapiens. | Lived in a small group, mobile societies, hunted and gathered. | 8 | |
9918920723 | What makes a group of people civilized? | Permanent settlement, economy, hygiene | 9 | |
9918920724 | What prevented a civilization from being civilized? | Did not have a written language, food, b/c of migration they could not form a permanent settlement | 10 | |
9918920725 | What were the changed of the earliest humans? | They harvested crops, tamed and domesticated animals, cultivation and planted seeds in specific locations, their location determined what they consumed | 11 | |
9918920726 | How will the earliest human's new changed affect them? | It will determine what they consume, affect their health/diet, can now make permanent settlements, population growth | 12 | |
9918920727 | What is the original name for "The Stone Age"? | Neolithic Revolution | 13 | |
9918920728 | Why was it called the Stone Age? | B/c many tools and weapons were made out of stone. | 14 |
Ap world history trade Flashcards
5266102496 | Caliphate | An Islamic state led by a caliph political and religious leader successor of muhammad. Mayan abasit | 0 | |
5266102497 | Khanate | Political entity ruled by a khan. Mongols | 1 | |
5266105324 | Sultanate | The dynasty and land ruled by sultan. | 2 | |
5266105325 | Compass | Instrument used for navigation. Delhi india | 3 | |
5266108644 | Astrolabe | Ancient astronomical computer for time and position of sun and stars | 4 | |
5266111704 | Missionary | Person sent on religious mission | 5 | |
5266115610 | Disaporic communitites | Spread from homeland to new places spreading culture | 6 | |
5266115611 | Feudalism | Social system in Europe nobility held land to trade for military service | 7 | |
5266119078 | Serfdom | Peasants under feudalism | 8 | |
5266119079 | Guild organization | Passed laws levied taxes built walls each represented workers in one occupation | 9 | |
5266129103 | Bills of exchange | Similar to checks drawn from bank some transferable | 10 | |
5284076695 | Bubonic plague | Bacterial infections by fleas | 11 | |
5284076696 | Waru waru | Raised beds with irrigation channels to prevent erosion | 12 | |
5284079328 | Toltec | Nomadic people from mesoamerica militaristic ethic | 13 | |
5284082510 | Mit'a | Labor extracted for lands assigned to state and religion Slavery | 14 |
AP World History - Summer 2016 - Religions Flashcards
4773733841 | Founder of Hinduism | developed from Brahminism | 0 | |
4773735118 | Foundation year - Hinduism | circa 2000 B.C.E. | 1 | |
4773735874 | Founding location - Hinduism | India | 2 | |
4773736473 | Basic beliefs - Hinduism | truth is eternal, Brahman is truth and reality, Vedas are the ultimate authority, dharma, moksha, individuals are immortal, reincarnation | 3 | |
4773739504 | Basic practices - Hinduism | puja (worship), meditation, leave materials, passage | 4 | |
4773742872 | Founder of Judaism | Abraham | 5 | |
4773743702 | Foundation year - Judaism | approx. 2000 - 1800 B.C.E. | 6 | |
4773745075 | Founding location - Judaism | Middle East (Israel) | 7 | |
4773745960 | Basic beliefs - Judaism | one God (Yahweh), Torah, Talmud | 8 | |
4773747322 | Basic Practices - Judaism | follow commandments, worship, prayer, eating kosher foods, synagogue | 9 | |
4773749435 | Founder of Sikhism | Guru Nanak | 10 | |
4773749862 | Foundation year - Sikhism | c. 1500 A.D. | 11 | |
4773750344 | Founding location - Sikhism | Punjab, India | 12 | |
4773752568 | Basic beliefs - Sikhism | one God, align life with will of God, reincarnation, overcome the self | 13 | |
4773753615 | Basic practices - Sikhism | prayer, meditation, service at gurdwara (temple), charity, balance work, worship | 14 | |
4773756526 | Founder of Confucianism | Confucius | 15 | |
4773757237 | Foundation year - Confucianism | c. 500 B.C.E. | 16 | |
4773758571 | Founding location - Confucianism | China | 17 | |
4773759335 | Basic beliefs - Confucianism | social harmony is ultimate goal, family comes before individual, ren (humaneness), humans are teachable and improvable | 18 | |
4773761402 | Basic practices - Confucianism | no specific rituals (more philosophies than religion) | 19 | |
4773763840 | Founder of Islam | Muhammed | 20 | |
4773764358 | Foundation year - Islam | 622 C.E. | 21 | |
4773765205 | Founding location - Islam | Saudi Arabia | 22 | |
4773766579 | Basic beliefs - Islam | submission to the will of God (Allah), Holy Book - Koran, five pillars of faith | 23 | |
4773769015 | Basic practices - Islam | five pillars of faith - statement of faith, daily prayers to Mecca, charity, Ramadan (fasting in the 9th month), pilgrimage to Mecca, & Mosque, no alcohol or pork | 24 | |
4773776131 | Founder of Christianity | Jesus Christ | 25 | |
4773776575 | Foundation Year - Christianity | 33 C.E. | 26 | |
4773777372 | Founding location - Christianity | Palestine (Israel) | 27 | |
4773782099 | Basic beliefs - Christianity | one God, salvation to those who believe and trust in Jesus Christ, believers go to heaven | 28 | |
4773784618 | Basic practices - Christianity | worship, prayer, church, scripture, baptism | 29 | |
4773788787 | Founder of Buddhism | Siddhartha Guatama (Buddha) | 30 | |
4773789550 | Founding year - Buddhism | 520 B.C. | 31 | |
4773790275 | Founding location - Buddhism | NE India | 32 | |
4773790747 | Basic beliefs - Buddhism | no God, Nirvana, four noble truths, suffering is caused by desire, Nirvana reached through Eightfold path | 33 | |
4773794783 | Basic practices - Buddhism | meditation, prayer, chanting, vegetarianism | 34 |
AP Language Flashcards
9866176214 | Analogy | Explaining something complex by comparing it to something more simple. | 0 | |
9866176215 | Argument | The combination of reasons, evidence, etc that an author uses to convince an audience of their position. | 1 | |
9866176216 | Aristotelian appeals | Three different methods of appealing to an audience to convince them—ethos, logos, and pathos. | 2 | |
9866176217 | Attitude | The writer's personal views or feelings about the subject at hand. | 3 | |
9866176218 | Audience | Who the author is directing his or her message towards | 4 | |
9866176219 | Compare and contrast | Discussing the similarities and differences between two things to some persuasive or illustrative purpose. | 5 | |
9866176220 | Connotation | The implied meaning of a word; words can broadly have positive, negative, or neutral connotations. | 6 | |
9866176221 | Context | The extra-textual environment in which the text is being delivered. | 7 | |
9866176222 | Counterargument | The argument(s) against the author's position. | 8 | |
9866176223 | Deductive reasoning | A form of logical reasoning wherein a general principle is applied to a specific case. | 9 | |
9866176224 | Denotation | The literal, dictionary-definition meaning of a word. | 10 | |
9866176225 | Diction | The style of language used; generally tailored to be appropriate to the audience and situation. | 11 | |
9866176226 | Ethos | Setting up a source as credible and trustworthy. | 12 | |
9866176227 | Evidence | The information presented meant to persuade the audience of the author's position. | 13 | |
9866176228 | Figurative language | The use of language in a non-literal way; i.e. metaphor, simile, etc. | 14 | |
9866176229 | Genre | The specific type of work being presented. | 15 | |
9866176230 | Imagery | Any descriptive language used to evoke a vivid sense or image of something; includes figurative language. | 16 | |
9866176231 | Implication | When something is suggested without being concretely stated. | 17 | |
9866176232 | Inductive reasoning | Making a generalization based on specific evidence at hand. | 18 | |
9866176233 | Irony | At the most basic sense, saying the opposite of what you mean; also used to describe situations in which the results of an action are dramatically different than intended. | 19 | |
9866176234 | Juxtaposition | Placing two very different things together for effect. | 20 | |
9866176235 | Logos | Appealing to someone's sense of concrete facts and logic. | 21 | |
9866176236 | Occasion | The reason or moment for writing or speaking. | 22 | |
9866176237 | Organization | How the different parts of an argument are arranged in a piece of writing or speech. | 23 | |
9866176238 | Pathos | An Aristotelian appeal. Involves appealing to someone's emotions. | 24 | |
9866176239 | Purpose | The author's persuasive intention. | 25 | |
9866176240 | Repetition | Re-using a word or phrase repeatedly for effect or emphasis. | 26 | |
9866176241 | Rhetoric | The use of spoken or written word (or a visual medium) to convey your ideas and convince an audience. | 27 | |
9866176242 | Rhetorical triangle | The relationship between the author, the audience, the text/message, and the context. | 28 | |
9866176243 | Speaker | The persona adopted by the author to deliver his or her message; may or may not actually be the same person as the author. | 29 | |
9866176244 | Style | The author's own personal approach to rhetoric in the piece; similar to voice. | 30 | |
9866176245 | Symbolism | Using a symbol to refer to an idea or concept. | 31 | |
9866176246 | Syntax | The way sentences are grammatically constructed. | 32 | |
9866176247 | Synthesis | Combining sources or ideas in a coherent way in the purpose of a larger point. | 33 | |
9866176248 | Themes | Overarching ideas or driving premises of a work. | 34 | |
9866176249 | Tone | The use of stylistic devices to reveal an author's attitude toward a subject. | 35 | |
9866176250 | Voice | An author's unique sound. Similar to style. | 36 | |
9876887770 | Alliteration | Using words with the same first letter repeatedly close together in a phrase or sentence. | 37 | |
9876887771 | Allusion | Making a brief reference to the cultural canon—e.g. the Bible, Shakespeare, classical mythology, etc. | 38 | |
9876887772 | Anecdote | Offering a brief narrative episode. This device can serve many functions in a text—for example, introducing an issue, serving as evidence, to illustrate a point, and so on. | 39 | |
9876887773 | Concession | Agreeing with the opposing viewpoint on a certain smaller point (but not in the larger argument). | 40 | |
9876887774 | Didactic | A text with an instructive purpose, often moral. | 41 | |
9876887775 | Euphemism | Referring to something with a veiled phrase instead of saying it directly | 42 | |
9876887776 | Exemplification | Providing examples in service of a point. | 43 | |
9876887777 | Hyperbole | Overstating a situation for humorous or dramatic effect. | 44 | |
9876887778 | Idiom | A commonly used phrase that signifies something very different than its literal meaning. | 45 | |
9876887779 | Onomatopoeia | Using "sound-effect" words (e.g. "clap," "buzz). | 46 | |
9876887780 | Paradox | A phrase or assertion that appears to contradict itself (but the contradiction itself may have its own meaning). | 47 | |
9876887781 | Parallelism | Repeated structural elements in a sentence. | 48 | |
9876887782 | Parody | Using the form of something to mimic and make fun of it. | 49 | |
9876887783 | Personification | Giving human characteristics to a nonhuman object or idea. | 50 | |
9876887784 | Sarcasm | Mockingly stating the opposite of what you mean. Easier to convey in the spoken word than via writing. | 51 | |
9876887785 | Satire | A genre of humorous and mocking criticism to expose the ignorance and/or ills of society. | 52 | |
9876887786 | Synecdoche | Referring to one part of something as a way to refer to the whole. | 53 | |
9876887787 | Understatement | Deliberately minimizing something, usually for humorous effect. | 54 |
AP Language: Rhetorical Devices Flashcards
7636561082 | Allusion | An expression designed to call something to light without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference i.e. Achilles heel | 0 | |
7636561083 | Ambiguity | A word or expression that can be understood in two or more possible ways | 1 | |
7636561084 | Metonymy | The substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant, for example suit for business executive, track for horse racing | 2 | |
7636561085 | Zeugma | A word applies to two other words in different senses | 3 | |
7636561086 | Wit | A quick remark, a natural sense in using words and ideas in a quick and inventive way to create humor | 4 | |
7636561087 | Extended metaphor | A comparison between two unlike things that continues throughout a series of sentences in a paragraph or lines in a poem | 5 | |
7636561088 | Apostrophe | Author detaches them self from reality and addresses an imaginary character, Thing, abstract idea; i.e. Twinkle twinkle little star... Like a diamond in the sky | 6 | |
7636561089 | Ad Hominem | Responding to arguments by attacking a person's character, rather than addressing the content of the argument | 7 | |
7636561090 | Synecdoche | A figure of speech in which a part is used for a whole or the whole for a part | 8 | |
7636561091 | Syllogism | An argument with a reference to something general and from this it draws conclusions about something more specific; three parts: major premise, minor premise, and a conclusion | 9 | |
7636561092 | Conceit | A figure of speech in which two vastly different objects are likened together with the help of similes or metaphors | 10 | |
7636561093 | Litote | A figure of speech where a understatement is used to emphasize a point by stating a negative to further affirm a positive | 11 | |
7636561094 | Periphrasis | The term for using many more words than needed to describe a situation or object | 12 | |
7636561095 | Allegory | Complete narrative which involves characters and events that stand for an abstract idea or event; a symbol on the other hand is an object that stands for another object giving it a particular meaning | 13 | |
7636561096 | Climax vs. Anticlimax | C: the most intense, exciting, or important point of something A: a disappointing end to an exciting or impressive series of events | 14 | |
7636561097 | Asyndeton | List or a series in which no conjunction is used at all, rather all items are separated by commas | 15 | |
7636561098 | Polysyndeton | literary technique in which conjugations are used repeatedly in quick successions | 16 | |
7636561099 | Polyptoton | The rhetorical repetition of words, but in different forms I.e. Irresistible desire to be irresistibly desired | 17 | |
7636561100 | Anastrophe | Usual word order of a phrase or sentence is reversed I.e. Yoda | 18 | |
7636561101 | Chiasmus | Figure of speech in which two or more clauses are related to each other through a reversal of structures in order to make a larger point | 19 | |
7636561102 | Parataxis | The arranging of phrases and clauses without the use of coordinating conjunctions | 20 | |
7636561103 | Parallelism | The use of successive verbal constructions in poetry or prose that correspond in grammatical structure, sound, meter, meaning, etc. | 21 | |
7636561104 | Loose Sentence | : the main point is at the beginning of the sentence and is easy to identify | 22 | |
7636561105 | Periodic sentence | main point doesn't come until the end; used to create suspense | 23 | |
7636561106 | Procatalepsis | A figure of speech in which the speaker raises an objection to his/her own argument and then answers it immediately | 24 | |
7636561107 | Antithesis | A person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else | 25 | |
7636561108 | Epistrophe | The repetition of a word at the end of successive sentences or clauses | 26 | |
7636561109 | Anaphora | the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses. | 27 | |
7636561110 | Aphorism(epigram) | A short phrase that expresses a true or wise idea | 28 | |
7636561111 | Analogy | A comparison between two things, typically on the basis of their structure and for the purpose of explanation or clarification | 29 | |
7636561112 | Trope | Literary device | 30 | |
7636561113 | Schemes | Syntax | 31 |
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