Flashcards
Chapter 10-AP World History Flashcards
The Earth and It's Peoples
Terms : Hide Images
| 5173620683 | Grand Canal | 1,100 mile waterway linking the Yellow and Yangzi Rivers. Was begun in Han period and completed during Sui Empire. | 0 | |
| 5173620684 | Tang Empire | Empire unifying China and parts of Central Asia, (618-907) Emperors presided over the Chang'an court. | 1 | |
| 5173620685 | Tributary System | Time of Han Empire. Countries in East and Southeast Asia not under direct control of the China based empires but still enrolled as tribute states. Acknowledged the power of the emperor in exchange for trading rights and alliances. | 2 | |
| 5173620686 | Song Empire | In Central and Southern China (960-1126) while the Liao controlled the north. The Southern Song (1127-1279) while the Jin controlled the north. | 3 | |
| 5173620687 | Junk | Very large flat bottom sailing ship produced during the Tang, Ming, and Song Empires. Meant for long distance commercial travel | 4 | |
| 5173620688 | Neo-Confucianism | Term to describe the new approaches yo understanding classic Confucian texts that became the basic ruling philosophy from the Song period to the twentieth century. | 5 | |
| 5173620689 | Gunpowder | Mixture of saltpeter, sulfur, and charcoal. Brought to China in 400s or 500s, used as a fumigator then for explosives and to propel bullets and cannonballs | 6 | |
| 5173620690 | Zen | Japanese school of Mayana Buddhism emphasizing the importance of meditation and intuition. | 7 | |
| 5173620691 | Shaminism | Practice of identifying shamans who will interact with spirits for the benefit of the community. Part of Korean kingdoms and early medieval period of early Central Asian societies. | 8 | |
| 5173620692 | Movable Type | Type is which each individual character is cast onto a separate piece of metal. Korea in thirteenth century. | 9 |
AP World History Chapter 4 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 8798441108 | Legalism | a Chinese philosophy that was devoted to strengthen and expand the state through increased agricultural work and military service. | 0 | |
| 8798441109 | Confucianism | chinese philosophy, all-encompassing way of thinking and living that entails ancestor reverence and a profound human-centred religiousness |  | 1 |
| 8798441110 | Ban Zhao | a Chinese woman writer and court official whose work provides valuable insight on the position of women in classical China. |  | 2 |
| 8798441111 | Daoism | chinese School of Thought: Daoists believe that the world is always changing and is devoid of absolute morality or meaning. They accept the world as they find it, avoid futile struggles, and deviate as little as possible from the Dao, or 'path' of nature. |  | 3 |
| 8798441112 | Vedas | ancient Sanskrit writings that are the earliest sacred texts of Hinduism. | 4 | |
| 8798443577 | Upanishads | a group of writings sacred in Hinduism concerning the relations of humans, God, and the universe. | 5 | |
| 8798443578 | Siddhartha Gautama | founder of Buddism; born a prince; left his father's wealth to find the cause of human suffering; also know as Buddha |  | 6 |
| 8798447183 | Theravada | (Hinayana), the "lesser vehicle". Earlier, stricter form of Buddhism. | 7 | |
| 8798447184 | Mahayana | the "greater vehicle," a more metaphysical and more popular northern branch of Buddhism. | 8 | |
| 8798447185 | Nalanda | an acclaimed Mahavihara, a large Buddhist monastery in the ancient kingdom of Magadha (modern-day Bihar) in India. |  | 9 |
| 8798449171 | Bhagavad Gita | a Hindu holy book where the god Krishna teaches the importance of selflessness, performing religious duties, and of devotion to God. "Song of God" | 10 | |
| 8798449172 | Zoroastrianism | Persian religion founded by Zoroaster; taught that humans had the freedom to choose between right and wrong, and that goodness would triumph in the end. | 11 | |
| 8798449173 | Judaism | a religion with a belief in one god. It originated with Abraham and the Hebrew people. Yahweh was responsible for the world and everything within it. They preserved their early history in the Old Testament. |  | 12 |
| 8798452122 | Greek rationalism | the thinking and questioning of established ideas that relied not on the gods for reference, claiming that human reason was adequate enough to come up with a rational answer. | 13 | |
| 8798452123 | Socrates | An Athenian philosopher who thought that human beings could lead honest lives and that honor was far more important than wealth, fame, or other superficial attributes. Is the father of Western thinking. |  | 14 |
| 8798452124 | Plato | Socrates' most famous student; described the ideal form of government in his famous book, The Republic. |  | 15 |
| 8798454613 | Aristotle | Greek philosopher and scientist. A student of Plato and tutor to Alexander the Great, he founded a school. His surviving works cover a vast range of subjects, including logic, ethics, metaphysics, politics, natural science, and physics. |  | 16 |
| 8798454614 | Jesus of Nazareth | First-century Jewish teacher and prophet; he founded Christianity and taught about kindness and love of God. His teachings spread through the Roman Empire and, eventually, the rest of the world. |  | 17 |
| 8798456335 | Church of the East | branch of the church concentrated in Persia and active in missions to China rejected the Chalcedonian Creed on the grounds that it did not accurately affirm the human nature of Jesus. | 18 | |
| 8798456336 | Perpetua | to cause to continue indefinitely. | 19 |
Flashcards
Flashcards
Flashcards
Unit 2: Chapter 5-6 AP World History Vocab. Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7291440158 | Buddhism | A religion, originated in India by Buddha (Gautama) and later spreading to China, Burma, Japan, Tibet, and parts of southeast Asia, holding that life is full of suffering caused by desire and that the way to end this suffering is through enlightenment that enables one to halt the endless sequence of births and deaths | 0 | |
| 7291441558 | Vedas | The most ancient Hindu scriptures, written in early Sanskrit and containing hymns, philosophy, and guidance on ritual for the priests of Vedic religion. Believed to have been directly revealed to seers among the early Aryans in India, and preserved by oral tradition, the four chief collections are the Rig Veda, Sama Veda, Yajur Veda, and Atharva Veda | 1 | |
| 7291441559 | Upanishads | Each of a series of Hindu sacred treatises written in Sanskrit c. 800-200 BC, expounding the Vedas in predominantly mystical and monistic terms | 2 | |
| 7291442990 | Mauryan Dynasty | Indian empire founded by Chandragupta, beginning with his kingdom in northeastern India and spreading to most of northern and central India. unified the Indian subcontinent | 3 | |
| 7291442991 | Ashoka Muarya | Led to the expansion of Mauryan Dynasty with a large army, converted to buddhism and ended his violent ways. Develoed efficient tax system, built road, encouraged peace | 4 | |
| 7291445968 | Confucianism | A system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius and developed by Mencius. | 5 | |
| 7291445969 | Daoism | A Chinese philosophy based on the writings of Lao-tzu ( fl. 6th century BC), advocating humility and religious piety. | 6 | |
| 7291448094 | Han Dynasty | the second imperial dynasty of China. Founded in 206 BC when the rebel leader Liu Bang successfully ended the Qin Dynasty, lasted for four centuries and is considered a golden age in Chinese history. | 7 | |
| 7291449091 | Civil Service Examination | implemented in various countries for recruitment and admission to the civil service. They are intended as a method to achieve an effective, rational public administration on a merit system. | 8 | |
| 7291449092 | Gupta Dynasty | an ancient Indian empire founded by Sri. The empire existed at its zenith from approximately 320 to 550 CE and covered much of the Indian subcontinent. | 9 | |
| 7291450982 | Xiongnu | a confederation of nomadic peoples who, according to ancient Chinese sources, inhabited the eastern Asian Steppe from the 3rd century BC to the late 1st century AD. | 10 | |
| 7291450983 | White Huns | a race of largely nomadic peoples who were a part of the Hunnic tribes of Central Asia. They conquered the northern part of India. | 11 | |
| 7291452217 | Silk Roads | an ancient network of trade routes that were for centuries central to cultural interaction originally through regions of Eurasia connecting the East and West and stretching from the Korean peninsula and Japan to the Mediterranean Sea | 12 | |
| 7291453520 | Shi Huang Di | the founder of the Qin dynasty (秦朝) and was the first emperor of a unified China. He was born Ying Zheng (嬴政) or Zhao Zheng (趙政), a prince of the state of Qin | 13 | |
| 7291454632 | Enlightenment | The action of enlightening or the state of being enlightened. | 14 | |
| 7291454633 | Cast System | Divided Hindu people into 4 major classes based on good deeds and previous life. | 15 | |
| 7291457485 | Indian Ocean Sea Lanes | Trade routes that connected the Mediterranean civilizations together. | 16 | |
| 7291457486 | Karma | Bringing inevidible results upon ones self good or bad in this life or in reincarnation. One of the means in reaching Brahman in Hinduism. | 17 | |
| 7291457487 | 4 Noble Truths | The doctrines of Buddha: all life is suffering, the cause of suffering is ignorant desire, this desire can be destroyed, the means to this is the Eight fold Path. | 18 | |
| 7291459290 | Siddhartha | the leader and founder of a sect of wanderer ascetics (Sramanas), one of many sects which existed at that time all over India. is a Sanskrit personal name which means "He Who Achieves His Goal". | 19 | |
| 7291460426 | Mahavir Jain | was the twenty-fourth Tirthankara (ford maker) of Jainism. In the Jain tradition, it is believed that he was born in early part of the 6th-century BC into a royal family in what is now Bihar, India. | 20 | |
| 7291462480 | Dao De Jing | "The Classic on the Way and its Power or Virtue" is a famous Chinese philosophical text attributed to the authorship of Laozi (Lao Tzu) (sixth century B.C.E.), and highly influential in the religion of Daoism (Taoism). | 21 | |
| 7291463861 | Reincarnation | A person or animal in whom a particular soul is believed to have been reborn | 22 | |
| 7291465738 | Brahma | The impersonal supreme being, the primal source and ultimate goal of all beings, with which Atman, when enlightened, knows itself to be identical. | 23 | |
| 7291467900 | Mayan | Founded around 1500 BCE, reached its height between 250 and 900 CE. Had 40 cities, each ranged form 500 to 50000 people. Practiced slash and burn agriculture, terraced hills, drained swamps, and raised deer. Chief crops included corn, beans, and squash. Women did rule, and wars did happen. | 24 | |
| 7291467901 | Olmec | along the southern Gulf coast of Mexico, characterized by extensive agriculture, a dating system, long-distance trade networks, pyramids and ceremonial centers, and very fine jade work. | 25 | |
| 7291471462 | Patiliputra | Capital city in the Mauryan Empire during Ashoka's rule | 26 | |
| 7291743755 | Corvee Labor | Unpaid labor for one day, as on the repair of roads | 27 | |
| 7291746838 | Teotihuacan | the ruins of an ancient Mesoamerican city in central Mexico, near Mexico City, that flourished a.d. c200-c750 and is the site of the pyramids of the Sun and Moon and of many temples, palaces, and dwellings. | 28 | |
| 7291750686 | Moche | arose around 200 BCE and lasted till 700 BCE. Built temples such as Huaca del Sol and Huaca de la Luna. Grew crops such as corn and kept llams for transport and textiles. | 29 |
AP World History Sections 1-2 civilizations Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 4861365630 | Mesopotamia writing system | cuneiform | 0 | |
| 4861365631 | Mesopotamia trade | extensive trade with Egypt and Indus Valley | 1 | |
| 4861365632 | Mesopotamia tools | bronze, used chariots | 2 | |
| 4861365633 | Mesopotamia sciences | math based on 60, advanced astronomy | 3 | |
| 4861365634 | Mesopotamia world view | pessimistic (perhaps because of irregular flood of the rivers) | 4 | |
| 4861365635 | Mesopotamia religion | polytheism (powerful and cruel gods) | 5 | |
| 4861365636 | Mesopotamia political organization | kings (powerful but not divine) and city-states, unstable | 6 | |
| 4861365637 | Mesopotamia rivers | Tigris and Euphrates | 7 | |
| 4861365638 | Mesopotamia law | hammurabi's code | 8 | |
| 4861365639 | Mesopotamia women | marriage contracts, had to wear veils, upper class=less equal than lower class | 9 | |
| 4861365640 | Mesopotamia social classes | they existed | 10 | |
| 4861365641 | Mesopotamia jobs | had specialization: farmers, metallurgists, merchants, craftsmen, political administrators, priests | 11 | |
| 4861365642 | Egypt sciences | some medical knowledge, less advanced in math and astronomy | 12 | |
| 4861365643 | Egypt trade | less extensive than Mesopotamia | 13 | |
| 4861365644 | Egypt religion | polytheism, belief in afterlife (book of the dead) | 14 | |
| 4861365645 | Egypt world view | optimistic (possibly because of regular flooding of river) | 15 | |
| 4861365646 | Egypt political organization | pharaoh with divine status, highly centralized government, 3 kingdoms (stable), had regional governors | 16 | |
| 4861365647 | Egypt writing system | hieroglyphics (pictorial language) | 17 | |
| 4861365648 | Egypt river | Nile | 18 | |
| 4861365649 | Egypt women | higher status than Mesopotamia, importance on male/female relationships | 19 | |
| 4861365650 | Egypt priests | high status | 20 | |
| 4861365651 | Hatshepsut | female pharaoh of Egypt | 21 | |
| 4861365652 | Nefertiti | influential wife of pharaoh in Egypt | 22 | |
| 4861365653 | Indus Valley writing system | undercipherable | 23 | |
| 4861365654 | Indus Valley trade | soapstone seals indicated trade with Mesopotamian and China | 24 | |
| 4861365655 | Indus Valley weapons | stone arrowheads, no swords | 25 | |
| 4861365656 | Indus Valley religion | polytheism (primary god- naked man with horns; fertility goddesses) | 26 | |
| 4861365657 | Indus Valley main cities | Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro | 27 | |
| 4861365658 | Indus Valley river (duh) | Indus | 28 | |
| 4861365659 | Indus Valley political organization | limited info but assumed to be complex and centralized (based off of plumbing, city planning, and large granaries) | 29 | |
| 4861365660 | Indus Valley priests | high status | 30 | |
| 4861365661 | Indus Valley class system | different house sizes indicate it existed | 31 | |
| 4861365662 | Indus Valley women | reverence for female reproductive function (based on statues) | 32 | |
| 4861365663 | Shang China religion | oracle bones to communicate with ancestors | 33 | |
| 4861365664 | Shang China writing | complex pictorial language (3000 characters by end of dynasty) | 34 | |
| 4861365665 | Shang China writing continued | became bond among people who spoke different languages | 35 | |
| 4861365666 | Shang China weapons | bronze weapons (and tools), horse-drawn chariot | 36 | |
| 4861365667 | Shang China trading | geography separated them but probably traded with Indus Valley | 37 | |
| 4861365668 | Shang China river | Huang He (yellow river) | 38 | |
| 4861365669 | Shang China political organization | emperor, centralized government (preoccupied with flood control of rivers) | 39 | |
| 4861365670 | Shang China jobs | specialization as farmers, slaves, and bureaucrats | 40 | |
| 4861365671 | Shang China social classes | warrior, aristocrats, bureaucrats, farmers, slaves | 41 | |
| 4861365672 | Shang China women | patriarchal society- women were wives and concubines (and sometimes shamans) | 42 | |
| 4861365673 | Olmec sciences | highly developed in astronomy (used it to predict agricultural cycles and please gods) | 43 | |
| 4861365674 | Olmec religion | polytheism, ritual ball games, jaguar symbol important, giant carved stone heads (probably religiously significant) | 44 | |
| 4861365675 | Olmec farming | irrigation and drainage canals | 45 | |
| 4861365676 | Olmec political organization | (apparently) not united politically (unusual) | 46 | |
| 4861365677 | Olmec priests | highest status | 47 | |
| 4861365678 | Olmec jobs | most were farmers, some craft specializations | 48 | |
| 4861365679 | Chavin religion | polytheism, jaguar men | 49 | |
| 4861365680 | Chavin architecture | square stones, didn't use mortar | 50 | |
| 4861365681 | Chavin agriculture | based on maize (a type of corn) | 51 | |
| 4861365682 | Chavin geography (because apparently it's unique) | lived on coast, in mountains, and in jungle | 52 | |
| 4861365683 | Chavin political organization | (probable) political unification (capital city) | 53 | |
| 4861365684 | Chavin priests | highest status | 54 | |
| 4861365685 | Chavin jobs | most were farmers | 55 | |
| 4861365686 | Greece (Athens) education | highly valued, interest in political theory (which gov. is the best?) | 56 | |
| 4861365687 | Greece sciences | philosophy and science emphasized | 57 | |
| 4861365688 | Greece highly developed things (sorry really no better category) | sculpture, literature, math, written language, and record keeping | 58 | |
| 4861365689 | Greece religion | polytheism- gods had human characteristics | 59 | |
| 4861365690 | Greece cities | relatively small | 60 | |
| 4861365691 | Greece sailing | VERY GOOD (centered around Aegean and Mediterranean seas) | 61 | |
| 4861365692 | Greece political organizaiton | no centralized government | 62 | |
| 4861365693 | Greece-Sparta- government | military state | 63 | |
| 4861365694 | Greece- Athens- government | democracy for adult males (initially was dominated by tyrants, but eventually became a democracy) | 64 | |
| 4861365695 | Greece military | very strong (in both Athens and Sparta) | 65 | |
| 4861365696 | Greece-Sparta- social structure | wealth accumulation not allowed, men and women were generally equal (separated until they were 30) | 66 | |
| 4861365697 | Greece-Athens- social structure | men were free, women and slaves had little freedom | 67 | |
| 4861365698 | Greece social status | slavery widely practiced, depended on land holdings and cultural sophistication | 68 | |
| 4861365699 | Rome military | conquered but didn't oppress, divided into legions (emphasized organization and talent) | 69 | |
| 4861365700 | Rome sciences (THIEVES) | art, literature, philosophy, and science from Greece | 70 | |
| 4861365701 | Rome architecture | Superb- extensive road, sanitation systems, buildings, aqueducts, bridges | 71 | |
| 4861365702 | Rome religion (THIEVES) | polytheism (also from Greeks) not particularly important, eventually Christianity | 72 | |
| 4861365703 | Rome the republic | ruled by aristocrat, senate, two consuls | 73 | |
| 4861365704 | Rome the empire | non-hereditary emperor chosen by senate/predecessor | 74 | |
| 4861365705 | Rome (both the republic and the empire) | extensive colonization, strict laws | 75 | |
| 4861365706 | Rome social structure | division between patricians (aristocrats) and plebeians (free farmers) | 76 | |
| 4861365707 | Rome social status | based on land owndership | 77 | |
| 4861365708 | Rome gender heirarchy | paterfamilias- male dominated family sturctre | 78 | |
| 4861365709 | Rome slaves | very dependent on slaves | 79 | |
| 4861365710 | China religion (its actually a philosophy but oh whale) | confucianism (dominated political and social structure), legalism, daoism, and buddhism (<- not influential yet) | 80 | |
| 4861365711 | China construction(?) | Great Wall, clay soldiers (terra cota warriors), Shi Huangdi lavish tomb | 81 | |
| 4861365712 | China Han | golden age: Silk Road, new inventions (water mills, paper, compasses, and pottery, and silk-making), calendar (365.5 days!!!), sophisticated capital (Xi'an), urbanization | 82 | |
| 4861365713 | China political organization and religious affiliation | Mandate of Heaven, emperor= son of heaven, forbidden city, centralized power (under Shi Huangdi) | 83 | |
| 4861365714 | China Confucianism influence | examination systems, political authority controlled by confucian values | 84 | |
| 4861365715 | China social structure | family= basic unity of society | 85 | |
| 4861365716 | China social status | based on land ownership, emergence of scholar gentry | 86 | |
| 4861365717 | China social divide | big divide between rural and urban (wealth concentrated in cities), some slavery but not as much | 87 | |
| 4861365718 | China women | patriarchal society (enforced by confucianism), emphasized obedience of wife to husband | 88 | |
| 4861365719 | India religion | hinduism (dominant) and buddhism | 89 | |
| 4861365720 | India religious texts | Vedas (hindu), Ramayana and Mahabarata | 90 | |
| 4861365721 | India trade | Silk Road, Indian Ocean Trade | 91 | |
| 4861365722 | India math | 10-based system, arabic numerals | 92 | |
| 4861365723 | India political organization | lack of unity: geographic barriers and diversity of people, caste membership and group allegiances= more important than political authority | 93 | |
| 4861365724 | India empires | Mauryan and Gupta, formed based on military conquest | 94 | |
| 4861365725 | India-Mauryan | Ashoka (greatest emperor) converted to buddhism and kept the religion alive | 95 | |
| 4861365726 | India-Gupta | grand palace and courts to conceal political weaknesses | 96 | |
| 4861365727 | India social structure | caste system (birth groups called Jati) determined jobs | 97 | |
| 4861365728 | India social status | inheritance of property | 98 | |
| 4861365729 | India women | (during earlier part of time period) women had property rights | 99 |
AP LANGUAGE Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 2247961650 | logos | appeal to authority, cause and effect, statistics, generalizations | 0 | |
| 2247964378 | ethos | appeal to ethics, credibility, morals | 1 | |
| 2247965073 | pathos | appeal to feelings, emotion, logical fallicies | 2 | |
| 2247966638 | generalization | reasoning from facts, a general statement or concept obtained by inference from specific cases | 3 | |
| 2247969225 | analogy | using comparisons between ideas to explain, illustrate, or clarify examples | 4 | |
| 2247971634 | cause and effect | reasoning that explains how if one thing happens, it causes another thing to happen; common fallacies: post hoc ergo prompter hoc, coincidence, association, correlation, causality (very obvious C/E) | 5 | |
| 2247975784 | sign argument | reasoning based on noting certain signs or patterns, things that don't happen causally but occur simultaneously by happenstance; winter is coming because leaves are falling | 6 | |
| 2247981776 | statistics | reasoning based on method of study like science, data, quality of study; fallacies: false authority, faulty reasoning from stats | 7 | |
| 2247984062 | authority | reasoning based on what an authority or expert says | 8 | |
| 2247984809 | fallacy | a part of an argument that doesn't make sense, has holes in argument | 9 | |
| 2247985557 | equivocation | using the same word to mean two different things in the same argument; usually with words that have strong emotional content and many meanings; feather is light/what is light can't be dark is equivocating the meaning of light | 10 | |
| 2247991492 | false analogy | A and B could be the same color, but they don't share the same size; you can't make the comparison between bananas and the sun just because they're both yellow | 11 | |
| 2247995215 | false authority | assertion is invalid when authority's claims are not supported and are seen as absolute; something isn't true just because your teacher said, or because it's in the news or in a book | 12 | |
| 2247999535 | straw man | practice of refuting a weaker argument than your opponent presents, which means you aren't refuting their argument at all; you manipulate what your opponent says so that their position is easier to refute | 13 | |
| 2248002472 | red herring | making an irrelevant conclusion about an issue, distracts people from the actual issue | 14 | |
| 2248006152 | post hoc ergo prompter hoc | false cause and effect: just because A happened and then B happened doesn't mean that A caused B | 15 | |
| 2248007453 | circular reasoning | you can't have that because you can't; she needs to be fired because she needs to be fired | 16 | |
| 2248009001 | ad hominem | attacking the messenger of argument instead of argument itself | 17 | |
| 2248011821 | non-sequitur | argument that does not progress logically; if i am a cat, i am a mammal, so if i am a mammal, i am a cat | 18 | |
| 2248014571 | begging the question | when an argument is proved with its own propositions, assumptions that leaves question unanswered, begs to be answered; politicians can't be trusted because only untrustworthy people run for office | 19 | |
| 2248023288 | false dichotomy | black and white thinking; mark is late for work. either his car broke down, or he has overslept. he isn't at home so his car must have broken down | 20 | |
| 2248027437 | slippery slope | causal argument that claims that a small first step leads to chain of related events, like an object given a small push over a cliff will fall very quickly to the bottom; same-sex marriage, what's next, marrying your parents or your car??? | 21 | |
| 2248038964 | alliteration | repetition of sounds at the beginning of words; strike straight, wage war | 22 | |
| 2248039821 | internal alliteration | reiterated consonant sounds within a word; conclude, concur | 23 | |
| 2248040589 | consonance | repetition of consonant sounds in 2 or more words that have different vowel sounds; had/hid, wonder/wander, haven/heaven, pitter/patter | 24 | |
| 2248044348 | assonance | repetition of similar vowel sounds in words; sad/fact, seven/elves | 25 | |
| 2248046038 | onomatopoeia | using a word to imitate a sound | 26 | |
| 2248049092 | telegraphic sentence | sentence shorter than 5 words | 27 | |
| 2248049804 | short sentence | sentence with 5-15 words | 28 | |
| 2248049806 | medium sentence | sentence with 18-20 words | 29 | |
| 2248050498 | long and involved sentence | sentence with 30+ words | 30 | |
| 2248051018 | natural order | sentence has normal order; Oranges grow in California. | 31 | |
| 2248051779 | inverted order | sentence has yoda order; Oranges in California they grow. | 32 | |
| 2248054460 | loose sentence | independent clause comes first, followed by a bunch of dependent clauses; casual, associative tone | 33 | |
| 2248055569 | periodic sentence | starts with a bunch of dependent clauses, which are then tied together by final independent clause | 34 | |
| 2248056251 | split order | sentence that divides complete verb or verb phrase; you already do know that = already do you know that | 35 | |
| 2248058929 | balanced | clauses that balance each other, likeness in structure or meaning or length; he maketh me to lie down, he leadeth me to stand | 36 | |
| 2248060146 | anaphora | rhetorical repetition at the beginning of successive phrases | 37 | |
| 2248062738 | epizeuxis | repetition of words without spaces in between; words, words, words | 38 | |
| 2248063554 | epistrophe | repetition of words at the end of successive clauses; of the people, by the people, for the people | 39 | |
| 2248064431 | epanalepsis | repetition of word at the end of clause that appeared at beginning of clause; to each the boulders that have fallen to each | 40 | |
| 2248066714 | anadiplosis | repetition of important word from one end of phrase to start of another phrase; chicken for dinner? dinner is ruined. | 41 | |
| 2248068282 | polyptoton | repetition of words that come from same root word; battle/embattled, feeding/feeder, bed/embedded | 42 | |
| 2248069411 | rhetorical question | figure of speech in which question is posed that doesn't want an answer by to provoke thought | 43 | |
| 2248070391 | aphorism | general truth, statement expressing opinion that is hard to forget; science is organized knowledge, lost time is never found again | 44 | |
| 2248072412 | parallelism | repetition within sentence with same grammatical forms; she was here, she was there, she was everywhere | 45 | |
| 2248074618 | antithesis | use of parallelism whereby grammatical forms are repeated in a way that creates opposing ideas; one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind | 46 | |
| 2248077093 | chiasmus | two phrases are same in syntax, but in reverse order; life imitates art far more than art imitates life | 47 | |
| 2248078640 | aposiopesis | breaking off of speech to raise excitement; why i oughtta-- | 48 | |
| 2248079669 | non-standard grammar | slang | 49 | |
| 2248080279 | asyndeton | list of words that aren't joined by conjunctions; she was bland, drab, boring. | 50 | |
| 2248081443 | monosyndeton | list of words joined by only one conjunction; she was rude, and vain, and superficial, and inconsiderate | 51 | |
| 2248083766 | polysyndeton | list of words joined by multiple different conjunctions; i love her, but i hate her, and i want to hit her, however, i love her | 52 | |
| 2248085086 | ellipsis | omission of word or phrase that is implied by context of sentence to avoid excessive language; government of the people, by the people, for the people | 53 | |
| 2248087931 | epithet | using a single-word adjective that is linked to a specific person or quality; championship team, alexander the great, commander-in-chief | 54 | |
| 2248089822 | interruption | word or clause that breaks flow of a sentence; my essay, to be honest, is perfect. | 55 | |
| 2248090654 | parenthesis | launches a new idea completely separate from the one being discussed in sentence using comma, dash, brackets, parentheses | 56 | |
| 2248092183 | exclamation | type of interruption in which writer stops to address listener personally; kanye west is great, but you already know that. he has many awards, but i'm going to let you finish | 57 | |
| 2248095632 | appositive | one or more nouns or phrases that rename or add further detail to clarify ideas; george bush, the president of the US,.. | 58 | |
| 2248250934 | connotation | additional sense associated or suggested by a word of phrase, usually subjective; blanket connotes warmth | 59 | |
| 2248252425 | subtext | implication and inference , underlying meaning of something | 60 | |
| 2248252962 | denotation | specific or literal meaning of a word | 61 | |
| 2248253402 | tenor | literal subject, the aspect that holds meaning | 62 | |
| 2248254238 | vehicle | part of metaphor that is the analogy, conveys the comparison | 63 | |
| 2248254825 | mixed metaphor | occurs when 2 or more incongruous vehicles are applied to same tenor; she felt a heavy burden of guilt, but she wouldn't let it engulf her = burden and engulf are two vehicles | 64 | |
| 2248256090 | personification | figure of thought in which abstract concept, animal, inanimate object is treated as though it were alive and had human attributes | 65 | |
| 2248256601 | pathetic fallacy | type of personification that gives human qualities or feelings to nature | 66 | |
| 2248257046 | synedoche | word that evokes imagery about physical part to represent a whole or a physical whole to represent a part, usually for body parts; hand in marriage = woman to marry, windows = microsoft | 67 | |
| 2248257946 | metonymy | word that evokes imagery about single characteristic associated with particular thing; the crown = british monarchy | 68 | |
| 2248258851 | allusion | reference to work or historical time | 69 | |
| 2248259140 | allegory | work that uses simplistic storyline with 2 meanings: literal and underlying moral lessons | 70 | |
| 2248259767 | anecdote | brief tale narrating interesting or amusing incident | 71 | |
| 2248260015 | name dropping | strengthening argument through association of an idea to a well-known person | 72 | |
| 2248260522 | verbal irony | saying something but meaning complete opposite | 73 | |
| 2248260775 | sarcasm | taunting kind of verbal irony | 74 | |
| 2248261138 | situational irony | when outcome of something is different from what's expected | 75 | |
| 2248261687 | socratic irony | feigning ignorance to achieve advantage over opponent, playing dumb | 76 | |
| 2248262905 | pun | play on words that have same sound but different meanings, usual effect is witty double meaning | 77 | |
| 2248264780 | malapropism | deliberate mispronunciation or spelling of word to poke fun | 78 | |
| 2248265051 | antanaclasis | pun in which word is used in two different senses | 79 | |
| 2248265600 | double entendre | pun in which one word suggests two meanings, sexually suggestive | 80 | |
| 2248266453 | synesthesia | using adjectives from one sense to describe another sense, play on words creating neurological mixing of senses; hearing colors, seeing sounds, tastes like regret | 81 | |
| 2248267335 | anthimeria | pun where a noun is used as verb; i am pooped, i am origamied out | 82 | |
| 2248267882 | juxtaposition | contrast between 2 words put together to emphasize difference in meaning | 83 | |
| 2248272189 | apostrophe | reference to a person that's not really there or abstract concept, elevates style and emotional intensity | 84 | |
| 2248272866 | hyperbole | exaggeration | 85 | |
| 2248272867 | understatement | form of irony in which point is highlighted by expressing ideas as of less importance or magnitude | 86 | |
| 2248273713 | euphemism | using a word to replace another more offensive or blunt one; passed away for died | 87 | |
| 2248274120 | periphrasis | using more words than necessary to express an idea to avoid saying it directly; don't get your panties all up in a bunch = chill out | 88 | |
| 2248275225 | paradox | counter-intuitive statement; the silence is deafening | 89 | |
| 2248275815 | oxymoron | compressed paradox that uses 2 words with contrary elements; bittersweet, jumbo shrimp | 90 | |
| 2248276211 | litotes | describing something by negating its opposite; it's not uncommon, he's no fool = he's wise | 91 |
Pages
Need Help?
We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.
For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.
If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.
Need Notes?
While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!
