| 4838757617 | Analogy - "An amateur playing in a professional game is like an ibex stepping into a lion's den." | Explaining something complex by comparing it to something more simple. | | 0 |
| 4838757618 | Argument - Too comprehensive a concept for a single example! In an effective rhetoric, every phrase serves to further build the argument. | The combination of reasons, evidence, etc that an author uses to convince an audience of their position. | | 1 |
| 4838757619 | Aristotelian appeals | Three different methods of appealing to an audience to convince them—ethos, logos, and pathos. | | 2 |
| 4838757620 | Attitude - Difficult to convey in a short example, but something like "the deplorable state of this school" would convey that the author has a negative attitude towards the school. | The writer's personal views or feelings about the subject at hand. | | 3 |
| 4838757621 | Audience - When you create a resume, your audience is potential employers. | Who the author is directing his or her message towards | | 4 |
| 4838757622 | Compare and Contrast - "Hybrid cars have a much smaller carbon footprint than traditional midsize vehicles." | Discussing the similarities and differences between two things to some persuasive or illustrative purpose. | | 5 |
| 4838757623 | Connotation - words can broadly have positive, negative, or neutral connotations. conscientious = positive connotation fussy = negative connotation | The implied meaning of a word. | | 6 |
| 4838757624 | Context - If I am delivering a congratulatory speech to awards recipients, the immediate context might be the awards presentation ceremony; the broader context might be the purpose or significance of the awards themselves. | The extra-textual environment in which the text is being delivered. | | 7 |
| 4838757625 | Counterargument - If I want to eliminate the dress code, a counterargument might be that this will place a burden on students of a lower socioeconomic status, who must now afford an entire school wardrobe or risk unwanted attention. | The argument(s) against the author's position. | | 8 |
| 4838757626 | Deductive reasoning - If all planets orbit a star, and Theta II is a planet, then it must orbit a star. | A form of logical reasoning wherein a general principle is applied to a specific case. | | 9 |
| 4838757627 | Denotation - The denotation of "chair" is "a place to sit." | The literal, dictionary definition meaning of a word. | | 10 |
| 4838757628 | Diction - You might say "What's up, loser?" to your little brother, but you would probably say "How are you doing today?" to your principal. | The style of language used; generally tailored to be appropriate to the audience and situation. | | 11 |
| 4838757629 | Ethos - "Given my PhD in the subject and years of experience in the field" is an appeal to ethos. | Setting up a source as credible and trustworthy. | | 12 |
| 4838757630 | Evidence - If I were arguing that Anne is a good student, I might reference her straight-A report card and her 1500 SAT score as pieces of evidence. | The information presented meant to persuade the audience of the author's position. | | 13 |
| 4838757631 | Figurative language - "The sky's like a jewel box tonight!" | The use of language in a non-literal way; i.e. metaphor, simile, etc. | | 14 |
| 4838757632 | Genre - Broader categories include "novel" and "play," while more specific genres would be things like "personal essay" or "haiku." | The specific type of work being presented. | | 15 |
| 4838757633 | Imagery - "The water was a pearl-studded sea of azure tipped with turquoise." | Any descriptive language used to evoke a vivid sense or image of something; includes figurative language. | | 16 |
| 4838757634 | Implication - "Watch your wallet around Paul," implies that Paul is a thief without coming out and saying "Paul is a thief." | When something is suggested without being concretely stated. | | 17 |
| 4838757635 | Inductive Reasoning - All of the planets in this solar system orbit a star, so all planets probably orbit stars. | Making a generalization based on specific evidence at hand. | | 18 |
| 4838757636 | Irony - "I do so hope there are more papers to sign," is something that might be said ironically. | At the most basic sense, saying the opposite of what you mean; also used to describe situations in which the results of an action are dramatically different than intended. | | 19 |
| 4838757637 | Juxtaposition - "There they stood together, the beggars and the lords, the princesses and the washerwoman, all crowding into the square." | Placing two very different things together for effect. | | 20 |
| 4838757638 | Logos - Citing peer-reviewed scientific studies is an appeal to logos. | Appealing to someone's sense of concrete facts and logic. | | 21 |
| 4838757639 | Occasion - When giving a graduation speech, the occasion is graduation. | The reason or moment for writing or speaking. | | 22 |
| 4838757640 | Organization - Think about the outlines you write in preparation for drafting an argumentative essay and you'll have an idea of what organization is. | How the different parts of an argument are arranged in a piece of writing or speech. | | 23 |
| 4838757641 | Pathos - Animal shelters ads with pictures of cute sad animals and dramatic music are using pathos. | Involves appealing to someone's emotions. | | 24 |
| 4838757642 | Purpose - If you are trying to convince your mother you should get a dog, your purpose in addressing an essay on the subject to her would be to convince her that you should get a dog. | The author's persuasive intention. | | 25 |
| 4838757643 | Repetition - "We run, and we run, and we run, like rats on a wheel." | Re-using a word or phrase repeatedly for effect or emphasis. | | 26 |
| 4838757644 | Rhetoric - Almost everything is an example of rhetoric! | The use of spoken or written word (or a visual medium) to convey your ideas and convince an audience. | | 27 |
| 4838757645 | Rhetorical Triangle - The author communicates to the reader via the text; and the reader and text are surrounded by context. | The relationship between the author, the audience, the text/message, and the context. | | 28 |
| 4838757646 | Speaker - Similar to the difference between author and narrator in a work of fiction. | The persona adopted by the author to deliver his or her message; may or may not actually be the same person as the author. | | 29 |
| 4838757647 | Style - We might say the Taylor Swift's songwriting style is straightforward and emotive. | The author's own personal approach to rhetoric in the piece; similar to voice. | | 30 |
| 4838757648 | Symbolism - "Fire" is commonly used a symbol for passion and/or anger. | Using a symbol to refer to an idea or concept. | | 31 |
| 4838757649 | Syntax- "She likes pie," is syntactically simple. On the other hand, "As it so happened, when Barbara got out of class early she liked to have a piece of pie—key lime or pecan, always—at the corner diner; while she was there she watched the people passing by the window and imagined herself inside each of their lives, riding in their heads for moments and moments until the afternoon was whiled away and she'd become fifty people," is syntactically complicated. | The way sentences are grammatically constructed. | | 32 |
| 4838757650 | Synthesis - A typical research paper involves synthesizing sources to make a broader point about the topic. | Combining sources or ideas in a coherent way in the purpose of a larger point. | | 33 |
| 4838757651 | Themes - Some themes you will probably hear in your high school graduation speech include leaving behind a legacy, moving into the great unknown, becoming an adult, and changing the world. | Overarching ideas or driving premises of a work. | | 34 |
| 4838768191 | Alliteration - "She purchased the pretty purple parka." | Using words with the same first letter repeatedly close together in a phrase or sentence. | | 35 |
| 4838768192 | Allusion - "Like Eve in the Garden of Eden, George was not good at resisting temptation." | Making a brief reference to the cultural canon—e.g. the Bible, Shakespeare, classical mythology, etc. | | 36 |
| 4838768193 | Anecdote - This device can serve many functions in a text—for example, introducing an issue, serving as evidence, to illustrate a point, and so on. "When I went to buy my morning coffee, I ran into an old friend. He told me he had won the lottery and he was about to buy a yacht. Two months later I heard he had declared bankruptcy." | Offering a brief narrative episode. | | 37 |
| 4838768194 | Concession - "While I admit that hybrid cars have higher carbon production costs than conventional automobiles, this is dramatically offset by the much-smaller lifetime carbon footprint of the vehicles." | Agreeing with the opposing viewpoint on a certain smaller point (but not in the larger argument). | | 38 |
| 4838768195 | Didactic - Aesop's fables are an example of a didactic work. | A text with an instructive purpose, often moral. | | 39 |
| 4838768196 | Euphemism - "She let Bob go," is a euphemism for "she fired Bob." | Referring to something with a veiled phrase instead of saying it directly. | | 40 |
| 4838768197 | Exemplification - "The Town Beautification Funds are being sorely misused; the streets are full of litter, the parks are full of broken equipment, and City Hall's facade is drab and crumbling." | Providing examples in service of a point. | | 41 |
| 4838768198 | Hyperbole - "My backpack weighs tons!" | Overstating a situation for humorous or dramatic effect. | | 42 |
| 4838768199 | Idiom - "This costs an arm and a leg!" is an idiom which means "This is very expensive." | A commonly used phrase that signifies something very different than its literal meaning. | | 43 |
| 4838768200 | Onomatopoeia - "We heard an ominous hiss from the kitchen." | Using "sound-effect" words (e.g. "clap," "buzz). | | 44 |
| 4838768201 | Paradox - Paradoxical phrases include "dark angel," "fresh rot," "blissful hell," etc. | A phrase or assertion that appears to contradict itself (but the contradiction itself may have its own meaning). | | 45 |
| 4838768202 | Parallelism - "We went to sea; we went to war; we went to bed." | Repeated structural elements in a sentence. | | 46 |
| 4838768203 | Parody - Weird Al is the master of the musical parody genre. | Using the form of something to mimic and make fun of it. | | 47 |
| 4838768204 | Personification - "The sun was shining happily today." | Giving human characteristics to a nonhuman object or idea. | | 48 |
| 4838768205 | Sarcasm - Easier to convey in the spoken word than via writing. "Did you come up with that all by yourself?" might be delivered sarcastically after someone delivers a poorly-thought-out idea. | Mockingly stating the opposite of what you mean. | | 49 |
| 4838768206 | Satire - Stephen Colbert is a popular modern satirist. | A genre of humorous and mocking criticism to expose the ignorance and/or ills of society. | | 50 |
| 4838768207 | Synecdoche - "Ask for her hand" is a synecdoche for marriage; the "hand" stands in for the whole woman. | Referring to one part of something as a way to refer to the whole. | | 51 |
| 4838768208 | Understatement - "My mom's a little bit irritated I crashed the car—I'm grounded for the next twenty-four months." | Deliberately minimizing something, usually for humorous effect. | | 52 |
| 4838774957 | Voice - Think of the way that you can recognize a pop singer on the radio without hearing who it is first. | An author's unique sound. Similar to style. | | 53 |
| 4838777496 | Tone - Only a narrow distinction from attitude. The phrase "the deplorable state of this school" reveals a negative attitude, but the word choice of "deplorable" is part of the author's tone. | The use of stylistic devices to reveal an author's attitude toward a subject. | | 54 |
