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AP World History Jargon Flashcards

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7128210094Administration/AdministerThe process of running an organization or system; Someone who is in charge of running an organization or system.0
7128210095Afro-African.1
7128210096AgrarianCultivated/ the cultivation of land.2
7128210097Analyze/AnalysisTo examine something in detail to create an explanation.3
7128210098Anarchism/AnarchyA state of disorder due to a belief of abolition of all government.4
7128210099AncientBelonging to the distant past and is no longer existing.5
7128210100Arable(Land) used or suitable for growing crops.6
7128210101ArchaicOld/old fashioned.7
7128210102ArchitectureThe practice of designing and constructing buildings.8
7128210103AristocracyThe highest class in certain societies.9
7128210104AtheismDisbelief in the existence of God.10
7128210981AsceticismSelf-discipline and avoidance of all forms of indulgence, usually for religious reasons.11
7128211530Authoritarian/ -ismEnforcing obedience to authority at the expense of freedom.12
7128211531Balance of PowerWhen nations have an equal amount of authority.13
7128211808Balance of TradeThe difference of value between a country's imports and exports.14
7128211809BarbarianA member of a community/tribe not belonging to one of the great civilizations.15
7128213597Bureaucrat/Bureaucratic/BureaucracySystem of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than elected representatives.16
7128215222Capital/ CapitalismAn economic and political system in which the country's trade and industry is controlled by private owners instead of the state.17
7128215223CapitolBuildings where the functions of a state government are carried out.18
7128215506CapitulateTo surrender.19
7128215507CartelAn organization created from a formal agreement between producers of a good/service in an effort to regulate or manipulate prices.20
7128215992CasualtyA person killed or injured in a war or accident.21
7128216556Celibacy/ CelibateAbstaining from marriage and sexual relations.22
7128217068Central/ -CentricIn or at the center.23
7128217069Circa (c. ca.)Approximately.24
7128219602City-stateA city that has a surrounding territory which forms an independent state.25
7128219603CitizenA legal subject of a place that is either native or naturalized.26
7128219613CivilizationA society that is distinguished by its culture and way of life in a particular area.27
7128220184ChauvinismExaggerated or aggressive patriotism.28
7128220185Class StruggleConflict of interests between the workers and ruling class in a capitalist society.29
7128220621ClassicalAncient Greek or Latin literature, art, or culture.30
7128220622Coerce/ CoerciveTo persuade someone to do something by using force or threats.31
7128222574CoincidenceA remarkable concurrence of events or circumstances without apparent causal connection.32
7128222575Colony, ColonialA group of people who settle in a new place but keep ties to their homeland.33
7128223127CommunalSomething that is used by all members of a community.34
7128223128ConjunctureAn opinion or conclusion based on incomplete information.35
7128224073Conscript/ ConscriptionCompulsory enlistment for state service, typically into the armed forces.36
7128224074ConservativeSticking to traditional values and is cautious about change, usually in relation to politics or religion.37
7128225180ConstitutionalismConstitutional government.38
7128225640Consumer/ Consumerismthe protection/promotion of the interests of consumers.39
7128225641ConflateTo combine 2 or more ideas or texts into one.40
7128226344ContextThe circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement, or idea, and in terms of which it can be fully understood and assessed.41
7128226345ContinentAny of the worlds main land masses.42
7128226706ContingencyA prediction of a future event that cannot be predicted with certainty.43
7128226707ConvergeTo come together; to meet at one point.44
7128227539Corporation/ CorporateA company that is authorized and recognized as one.45
7128227540CorollaryForming a proposition that follows from one already proved.46
7128227541CorrelationA relationship or connection between 2 or more things.47
7128228197CosmopolitanTo be familiar and at ease with something in many different countries.48
7128229181coup d'étatThe violent overthrow of an existing government by a small group.49
7128229778-cracyTo govern.50
7128231248Craft (n. & v.)(n.) An act of creating someone by hand. (v.) Exercise skill in making something.51
7128231249CreditA record of a consumer's ability to repay debts and demonstrated responsibility in repaying debts.52
7128231509CurrencyA form of money used in a certain country.53
7128231510DebitAn entry recording an amount owed, listed on the left-hand side or column of an account.54
7128231511DebtSomething that is owed or due.55
7128231828DeficitThe amount in which something is too small, typically the sum of money.56
7128231829DeforestationThe action of clearing a wide area of trees.57
7128232251Deity/ DeismThe belief in a supreme being, a god or goddess.58
7128232252DemocracySystem of government by which the people have the majority of power.59
7128232253DemographyThe study of population dynamics.60
7128232675DeterminismThe doctrine that all events, including human action, are ultimately determined by causes external to the will.61
7128233864Dictator/ DictatorshipGovernment ruled by an individual with total power over a country.62
7128233865Diffuse/ DiffusionThe wide spread of something.63
7128234167DiplomacyThe skill of managing international relations.64
7128234168DiversityA range of different things.65
7128234213Divinity/ DivineThe state of being god-like.66
7128234729DoctrineA belief or set of beliefs held and taught by a church, political party, or other group.67
7128234944Document (v&n)(n.) A piece of written, printed, or electronic matter that gives information or evidence or that serves as an official legal record. (v.) To record something in written, photographic, or other form.68
7128234945Dogma/ DogmaticA principle or set of principles laid down by an authority as incontrovertibly true.69
7128235305DomesticOf or relating to the home, the household, household affairs, or the family.70
7128235773Draft ( v. & n.)(v.) Prepare a preliminary version of a text. (n.) An incomplete version of a piece of writing.71
7128235774DualismThe division of something conceptually into two opposed or contrasted aspects, or the state of being so divided.72
7128235775DynastyA line of hereditary rulers of a country.73
7128236585EclecticDeriving ideas, style, or taste from a broad and diverse range of sources.74
7128236586Economy/ EconomicThe wealth of a county or region.75
7128237033EgalitarianOf, relating to, or believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.76
7128237034EliteA part of something that is superior to the rest.77
7128237467Empire/ EmperorSomeone who rules an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formerly especially an emperor or empress.78
7128237468EnlightenTo give someone a great knowledge about a subject or situation.79
7128237469EraA long period of time with particular features.80
7128237484EthicMorals that relate to a specific group, field, or form of conduct.81
7128238180Ethnic/ Ethno-A population with a common national or cultural tradition.82
7128238181Euro-Relating to the European union.83
7128238558Executive (branch)The branch of U.S. government that is responsible for enforcing the laws.84
7128238559ExpenseThe required cost of something.85
7128238805FilialOf or due from a son or daughter.86
7128238806FiscalRelating to government revenue.87
7128238807ForageSearching widely for food or provisions.88
7128239390Frame of ReferenceA set of criteria or stated values in relation to which measurements or judgments can be made.89
7128239391Free tradeInternational trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.90
7128239691FrontierA border separating two countries.91
7128240957Fundamentalism/ FundamentalA form of a religion, especially Islam or Protestant Christianity, that upholds belief in the strict, literal interpretation of scripture.92
7128240958GenocideKilling of a large group of people, mainly those of an ethnic group.93
7128240959Geo-Earth.94
7128241338GovernmentThe governing body of a nation, state, or community.95
7128241339-graphyField of study.96
7128241340GuildA medieval association of craftsmen or merchants often having considerable power.97
7128241774HegemonyLeadership by one country or social group over others.98
7128241775Helio-Something related to light, the sun, or sunlight.99
7128241776HierarchyA system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority.100
7128242169HistoriographyThe study of historical writing.101
7128242170Hyper-Over.102
7128242171Hypo-Beneath or below.103
7128242172IberianSomeone who is from Iberia, or the countries of Spain and Portugal.104
7128242475IdentityThe fact of being who or what a person or thing is.105
7128242476IdeologyA system of ideas or ideals.106
7128243178Incarnation/ IncarnateA person who embodies in the flesh a deity, spirit, or abstract quality.107
7128243533Indenture (v.)Bind someone by an indenture as an apprentice or laborer.108
7128245444IndependenceThe state of being independent or free.109
7128246059-ism/-ist/-izeTo practice, one who practices.110
7128246340Judiciary/ JudicialThe judicial authorities of a country, judges collectively.111
7128246341Kin/ KinshipRelated by blood.112
7128246770Laissez-FaireA policy or attitude of letting things take their own course without interfering.113
7128247796-lateral (uni- bi- multi-)Of or relating to the side; situated at, proceeding from, or directed to a side.114
7128248199the "Left"/ LeftistLeft wing politics support social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy and social inequality.115
7128248638Legislature/ LegislativeHaving the power to make laws.116
7128248639LegitimacyConformity to the law or to rules.117
7128248981LiberalOpen to new behavior or opinions and willing to scar traditional values.118
7128248982-logyThe character or deportment of one who speaks or treats of a certain subject or the study of a certain subject.119
7128249459MalnutritionLack of proper nutrition caused by not having enough to eat or not eating the right things.120
7128249460Mandate (v & n)(v.) Give someone authority to act in a certain way. (n.) An official order or commission to do something.121
7128251307Manifest/ ManifestoClear or obvious to the eye or mind.122
7128251308ManuscriptA book, document, or piece of music written by hand rather than typed or printed.123
7128251309MaritimeConnected with the sea, in relation to military activity.124
7128251986MaterialSomething from which a good can be produced.125
7128251987MaterielMaterials and equipment used in the military.126
7128252347Meso-Middle, intermediate, halfway.127
7128252348Meta-After, beyond.128
7128252599MetallurgyBranch of science and technology concerned with the properties of metals and their production and purification.129
7128253105Metropole/ MetropolitanThe parent state of a colony; Denoting a metropolis.130
7128253106Middle ClassThe social group between the upper and working classes.131
7128253107MigrationThe seasonal movement from one region to another.132
7128253539MilitarismBelief of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it to defend national interests.133
7128253540Minister (of)A member of the clergy.134
7128253541ModernityThe quality of being modern.135
7128253803MonarchyA form of government with the monarch at the head.136
7128253804Monastery/ MonasticA building that is home to monks.137
7128254276MonetaryRelating to money or currency.138
7128254277Mono-One, only, single.139
7128254294MonogamyThe practice or state of being married to one person at a time.140
7128254891MonopolyThe possession of the supply or trade in a commodity or service.141
7128254892MonsoonA seasonal wind in south and south-east Asia.142
7128254893MortalityState of being subject to death.143
7128256355NationA large aggregate of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular country or territory.144
7128256356Nation-stateA state whose citizens are relatively homogeneous in factors such as language or common descent.145
7128256357NationalismPatriotic feeling, principles, or efforts.146
7128256897Neo-New, young, fresh, recent.147
7128256898Nobility/ NobleQuality of being noble; belonging to a high class.148
7128257238Nomad/ NomadicTraveling from place to place to find their livestock.149
7128257889NunA member of a religious community of women living under vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.150
7128257890OptimismConfidence about the future or a successful outcome of something.151
7128257891OracleA priest or priestess acting as a medium through whom advice or prophecy was sought from the gods in classical antiquity.152
7128257892OralSpoken, not written.153
7128258573OrthodoxReligious views conforming what is generally accepted as right or true.154
7128258574PacifismBelief that any violence is unjust.155
7128258575PaganA person who has religious beliefs not of a main world religion.156
7128259267Paleo-Old, ancient.157
7128259268Pan-Everything.158
7128259675Papal/ PapacyThe office or authority of the Pope.159
7128259676PastoralThe keeping or grazing of sheep or cattle.160
7128259677PaternalOf or appropriate to a father.161
7128260252Patriarch/ PatriarchyA system of government in which the eldest male or father is head of the family.162
7128260253PeasantA poor farmer of low social status.163
7128260894Period (historical)The period from about ten years before to ten years after a new century.164
7128260895PerspectiveComparison e.g. from a historical perspective, the dark ages was all about religion.165
7128261418PessimismSeeing the worst in things, a lack of hope for something.166
7128261419Pilgrim/ PilgrimageA pilgrims journey; a person who journeys.167
7128261669PlagueA contagious disease.168
7128261670Point of ViewAn attitude or way of considering something.169
7128262152Political/ PoliticsActivities associated with the governance of a country or other area.170
7128262153Poly-Many.171
7128262154PolygamyHaving more than one husband or wife at a time.172
7128262155Post-Behind, after, later.173
7128262635Pragmatism/ PragmaticDealing with things on a practical level.174
7128262636PriestAn ordained minister of the Catholic, Orthodox, or Anglican Church having the authority to preform certain rites.175
7128262637PrimaryFirst, original.176
7128263204PrincipalFirst in order of importance, main.177
7128263205PrincipleA fundamental truth or proposition that serves as the foundation for a system of belief or behavior or for a chain of reasoning.178
7128263206ProgressiveProceeding step by step.179
7128265707PropagandaSomething used to promote a political cause or point of view.180
7128265708ProtectorateA state that is controlled and protected by another.181
7128265722Proto-Original.182
7128266370Province/ ProvincialA principal administrative division of certain countries or empires.183
7128266694Push-Pull FactorsFactors that push people into migration or attract them.184
7128266695PsychoSomething that is mentally unstable.185
7128266696QualifyBe entitled to a particular benefit or privilege by fulfilling a necessary condition.186
7128267539QuandaryA state of confusion over what to do in a difficult situation.187
7128267540QuantifyExpress or measure the quantity of.188
7128267908QuantityThe amount of something.189
7128267909QuestA long search for something.190
7128268258Racism/ RacialDiscrimination and hate against someone of a different race.191
7128268259RadicalRelating to or affecting the fundamental nature of something; far-reaching or thorough.192
7128268609Rational/ RationaleSomething based off reason.193
7128268918Raw MaterialBasic material from which a product is made.194
7128269201Rebel/ RebellionAn act of resistance to an established government or a ruler.195
7128269202ReformTo make changes to something in order to improve it.196
7128269203RegimeA government; authoritarian.197
7128271021ReincarnationThe rebirth of a soul into a new body.198
7128271022RepublicPower is held by the people and their representatives.199
7128271023RevenueIncome.200
7128271363RevoltRise in rebellion.201
7128271364RevolutionOverthrow of a government in favor of a new system.202
7128271771The "Right"Opposes socialism and social democracy.203
7128271772RuralCharacteristic of the countryside rather than the town.204
7128271773Russo-Russian.205
7128272258SacredSomething that is connected with God and dedicated to a religious purpose.206
7128272259ScholasticConcerning schools and education.207
7128272583Secede/ SecessionThe action of withdrawing formally from membership of a federation or body.208
7128272584SecondaryComing after something primary.209
7128272585SecularDenoting attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis.210
7128273138SedentaryTending to spend much time seated; somewhat inactive.211
7128273139SegregationThe action or state of setting someone or something apart from other people or things or being set apart.212
7128273506Shaman/ -ismA religion practiced by indigenous peoples of far northern Europe and Siberia that is characterized by belief in an unseen world of gods, demons, and ancestral spirits responsive only to the shamans.213
7128273507Sino-China or Chinese.214
7128273936SkepticismDoubt as to the truth of something.215
7128273937SlaveryState of being a slave; being controlled by another person.216
7128274289Social DarwinismThe theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals.217
7128274290Social DemocracyA socialist system of government achieved by democratic means.218
7128274291SocialismA political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.219
7128274993Socio-EconomicThe interaction of social and economic factors.220
7128275372Sovereignty/ SovereignSupreme power or authority.221
7128275380Sphere of InfluenceA country or area in which another country has power to affect developments although it has no formal authority.222
7128276229State (n.)The particular condition that someone or something is in at a specific time.223
7128277428"Status Quo Ante Bellum""The state existing before the war" Used in treaties to refer to withdrawal of enemy troops.224
7128277727StratificationThe arrangement or classification of something into different groups.225
7128277728SubsistenceThe action or fact of maintaining or supporting oneself at a minimum level.226
7128278550Syncretic/ SyncretismA union or attempted fusion of different religions, cultures, or philosophies.227
7128278551TariffA tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports.228
7128279334Teleology/ TeleologicalThe philosophical attempt to describe things in terms of their apparent purpose, directive principle, or goal.229
7128279335TerminalSituated at the end or extremity of something.230
7128279520Territory/ TerritorialThe ownership of an area of land or sea.231
7128282300TextileA type of cloth or woven fabric.232
7128282819TheocracyA system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god.233
7128282820Third WorldThe developing countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America.234
7128283245TotalitarianRelating to a system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state.235
7128283246TraditionThe transmission of customs or beliefs from generation to generation, or the fact of being passed on in this way.236
7128284150Trust (n.)Firm belief in the reliability, truth, ability, or strength of someone or something.237
7128284151UnanimityAgreement by all people involved.238
7128284152Union (n.)The action or fact of joining or being joined, especially in a political context.239
7128284880UrbanCharacteristic of a city or town.240
7128284881UtopianModeled on or aiming for a state in which everything is perfect; idealistic.241
7128284882VenerationGreat respect.242
7128284883VerbalExpression in words.243
7128285616VernacularThe language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region.244
7128285617ViceroyA ruler exercising authority in a colony on behalf of a sovereign.245
7128286710The "West"Also known as the Executive Office Building, houses the offices of the President of the United States. The West Wing contains the Oval Office, the Cabinet Room, the Situation Room, and the Roosevelt Room.246
7128287345Working ClassThe social group consisting of people who are employed for wages, especially in manual or industrial work.247
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Ch. 2 and 3 AP World History (Classical Civilizations: China and India) Flashcards

Under PART 2: The Classical Period 1000 BCE - 500 BCE (Chapters 2-5)
China had developed the 1st of the classical societies.
Ch.2 (Classic Civilization: China)
Ch.3 (Classic Civilization: India)

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5659258331AjantaPlace where Buddhist artists painted rich murals in cave temples in Western India Give evidence along with Ellora to the religious ferment that could be found in India during the Classical Period. Also a testament to religious blending (Hindu, Jain, Buddhist) that is a part of India's enduring culture.0
5659258332ElloraOne of India's( along with Ajanta) most important holy sites in the Deccan Plateau. It is a series of caves carved into a huge cliff1
5659258333RamayanaOne of two classical Hindu epics written in Sanskrit telling of the banishment of Rama from his kingdom and the abduction of his wife by a demon and Rama's restoration to the throne.2
5659258334Gangetic PlainsMost populated area of India; Place where the Aryans searched for Iron ore for axes, tools, and new land.3
5659258335AryansIndo-European speaking nomads who entered India from the Central Asian steppes between 1500 and 1000 BC after the fall of Harappan Culture, vedas from this time show the subjugation of the the existing inhabitants and institution of the caste system4
5659258336BrahmansOne of the varnas in the Hindu caste system; the priestly class (in charge of the religious ceremonies that were so important in Indian society), also called Vedic Preists, were the dominant force in Indian Society during the Classical Era.5
5659258337varnasThe social divisions of the Aryan Society that included from top to bottom: 1)priests (Brahmins), 2) rulers or warriors; 3) farmers, craftspeople, traders; 4) workers and servants (Sudras)6
5659258338BuddhaAn Indian prince named Siddhartha Gautama, who renounced his wealth and social position. After becoming an 'enlightened' ascetic under a bo tree (the meaning of Buddha) he enunciated the principles of Buddhism.7
5659258339BuddhismThe teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct and wisdom and meditation releases one from desire and suffering and rebirth, provided the most powerful challenge to the brahmans and many of the ancient Vedic beliefs and practices, also helped establish the Mauyran Empire.8
5659258340Alexander the GreatSuccessor of Philip II; successfully conquered Persian Empire prior to his death in 323 BCE; attempted to combine Greek and Persian cultures, Spread Hellenistic Culture.9
5659258341Hellenistic CultureIt began from Philips conquest of Greece to the beginning of the Roman Empire. During this time the laws, calendar, money, and language of Greece was used by millions of people. Homes and public buildings were very elaborate.10
5659258342HimalayasThe highest mountains in the world, which stretch along northern India, separating it from the rest of Asia. Is the main example of how topography helped shape vital features of its civilization in the classical period. Made political unity very difficult and contributed to greater diversity in culture.11
5659258343Indus RiverA river in South Asia that flows from the Himalayas to the Arabian Sea., the location of the first river valley civilization of India12
5659258344Ganges RiverIndia's most important river, flows across northern India into Bangladesh. this river is considered sacred to Hindus and is used for spiritual cleansing, funeral rites, and other Hindu rituals.13
5659258345MonsoonsSeasonal reversals of wind patterns caused by the differential heating and cooling rates of the ocean's and continents. During the summer it can bring massive rain throughout India, and if it comes too late induce drought.14
5659258346Sanskrita sacred Indo-European, Indic language, in use since c1200 b.c. as the religious and classical literary language of India.15
5659258347Vedic AgeA period in the history of India; It was a period of transition from nomadic pastoralism to settled village communities, with cattle the major form of wealth. When the Vedas were first composed.16
5659258348Veda(from the Sanskrit word for 'knowledge') any of the most ancient sacred writings of Hinduism written in early Sanskrit17
5659258349Rig- VedaA collection of 1,028 Sanskrit hymns composed about 1500 BC or earlier; Hinduism's oldest sacred text.18
5659258350Epic AgeA period of time in India that followed the Vedic Age and lasted from 1000-500 B.C.E. in India. The important epics of the time were Mahabharata, Upanishads and Ramayana.19
5659258351MahabharataIndian epic of war, princely honor, love, and social duty; written down in the last centuries BCE; previously handed down in oral form20
5659258352UpanishadsLater books of the Vedas; contained sophisticated and sublime philosophical ideas; utilized by Brahmans to restore religious authority; religion/mysticism, also stressed the very shallowness of wordly concerns21
5659258353Untouchablesthe name of the group of people in the caste system that were the outcasts of society; were not considered a part of Indian society or the caste system, also called pariahs22
5659258354IndraChief deity of the Aryans; depicted as a colossal, hard-drinking warrior. Also known as the God of Thunder and strength23
5659258355KshatriyasThe second level of the varnas in the Hindu caste system; Warriors and the governing class.24
5659258356Caste SystemA Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life, a set of rigid social categories that determined not only a person's occupation and economic potential, but also his or her position in society25
5659258357SudrasCaste that made up most of the Indian population; most were peasants and manual laborers; they had limited rights in society26
5659258358Jatisub castes; were groups of people within each caste that worked together for one economic function27
5659258359VaisyasThird level of the varnas in the Hindu caste system; identifies merchants who engaged in commerce; COMMONERS28
5659258360BactriaThe ancient region stretching from the Hindu Kush mountain range to the ancient Ganhara region of the Indian subcontinent. and ruled by Greek-speaking descendants of Alexander's campaigns29
5659258361MagadhaA kingdom that emerged as a result of strife for land and power among minor kings; occupied almost all of the Indian subcontinent in the second century BC, most significant remaining kingdom after Alexander's departure located on the Central Ganges plian. Had economic strength and dominated surrounding regions in northeastern India.30
5659258362Chandragupta MauryaKing and founder of the Mauryan Empire, he seized power along the Ganges River following Alexander the Great's Incursion. Was the first of the Mauryan Rulers to unify the entire subcontinent, he was highly autocratic. His grandson was Ashoka31
5659258363AshokaThird ruler of the Mauryan Empire in India.He converted to Buddhism and broadcast his precepts on inscribed stones and pillars, the earliest surviving Indian writing. Believed in Dharma. After his death the empire began to disentigrate and new invaders( Kushans) from the Hindu Kush Mountains surfaced.32
5659258364Ashoka's EdictsA collection of 33 inscriptions on the Pillars of Ashoka, as well as boulders and cave walls, made by the Emperor Ashoka of the Mauryan dynasty during his reign from 272 to 231 BC.33
5659258365Dharmain Hinduism, the duties and obligations of each caste, In Hinduism, it stands for law, obligation and duty. To follow this, it means to perform and live life as one should.34
5659258366KushansDynasty that succeeded the Mauryas in northwestern India; sponsors of Buddhism; empire did not extend to Ganges River valley., came into central India from northwest; greatest king: Kanishka, converted to Buddhism but hurt religions population;35
5659258367KanishkaLeader of the Kushan Empire in Classical India, 120-162 CE, Created Therarvists and Mahayanists, Considered "Second Ashoka" Warrior before converting to Buddhism Had deep support of Buddhism. Actually hurt Buddhism in India because it was associated with foreign rule36
5659258368Hindu-KushA mountain range Northwest of the Indus River. The Khyber Pass is a pass through this mountain range. South of Tajikistan, North of Pakistan, Northeast of Afghanistan. Himalayas are to the east.37
5659258369GuptasThe dynasty the succeeded the Kushans in the 3rd century CE in classical era India; built empire that extended to all but the southern regions of Indian subcontinent; less centralized(and smaller) than Mauryan Empire; claimed divine rule; demanding system of taxation; established many universities38
5659258370KautilyaPolitical adviser to Chandragupta Maurya; one of the authors of Arthashastra( a political treatise ; believed in scientific application of warfare.39
5659258371ArthashastraAncient Indian political treatise from the time of Chandragupta Maurya; its authorship was traditionally ascribed to Kautalya, and it stressed that war was inevitable and thus advocated use of spies and assassins, bribery, and scientific forms of warfare40
5659258372HinduismA body of religious and philosophical beliefs and cultural practices native to India and characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being of many forms and natures, by the view that opposing theories are aspects of one eternal truth, and by a lack of central founder. developed gradually41
5659258373GurusBrahmans who served as teachers for the princes of the imperial court of the Guptas.42
5659258374VishnuThe Brahman, later Hindu, god of sacrifice; widely worshipped, who, in the trinity of gods, is the Preserver43
5659258375ShivaThe Brahman, later Hindu, god of destruction and reproduction; worshipped as the personification of cosmic forces of change.44
5659258376VarunaIn Vedism, god of the night sky( who changed to the guardian of right and wrong) who with his thousand eyes watches over human conduct and judges good and evil and punishes evildoers.45
5659258377ReincarnationThe Hindu or Buddhist doctrine that person may be reborn successively into one of five classes of living beings (god or human or animal or hungry ghost or denizen of hell) depending on the person's own actions46
5659258378KamasutraWritten by Vatsayana during Gupta dynasty offered instructions on all aspects of life for higher caste males, including grooming, hygiene, etiquette, selection of wives, and instruction on lovemaking47
5659258379Nirvanain Buddhist teachings, the ideal state in which the individual loses himself in the attainment of an impersonal beatitude48
5659258380StupasStone shrines built to house pieces of bone and personal possessions said to be relics of the Buddha; preserved Buddhist architectural forms.49
5659258381AryabhattaFamous classical mathematician, wrote a book that summarized Hindu mathematics, discovered pi, calculated the length of the solar system, and the circumference of the earth during India's Classical Era.50
5659258382NalandaA Buddhist monastery which was university where they studied Buddhism, Hindu text, philosophy, astronomy, and medicine. Peaked at the end of the Gupta dynasty.51
5659258383PanchatantraThe "Five Books" of fables, or moral stories, from the Gupta period in India, advocates proper behavior and high moral standards, including "Sinbad the Sailor" and "Jack the Giant Killer." Best-known Indian stories around the world. The Epics final written form during the classical period52
5659258384Scholar gentryChinese class created by the marital linkage of the local land-holding aristocracy with the office-holding shi; superseded shi as governors of China. (Don't really know why they put it in this chapter but whatever)53
5659258385AnalectsThe collected saying of Confucius, laid the foundation for China's enduring civilization. It idealized a strong rulers, the consolidation and centralization of power, a highly educated , EXCLUSIVELY male elite, that was responsible for the well being of all the subjects in the state. ("Confucious Says")54
5659258386SyncretismThe fusion of cultural elements from more than one tradition. In colonial Latin America religious this was common, with both Amerindians and Africans blending their existing beliefs and rituals with Catholicism. There was a small amount of this developing during the classical period which would hint at what would occur much later.55
5659258387Kong FuziAlso known in the West as Confucius, was an opinated middle aged scholar in the late 6th century BCE, went on a search for an "ideal ruler".` Attracted a number of disciples and published the "Analects". Never found an ideal ruler. He stressed respect for superiors(in a proper hierarchy) , moderation in behavior, veneration of custom and ritual , and love of wisdom. If these were accomplished then a solid political life would develop.56
5659258388ShiThe emerging social scholar gentry that was developing in the classical period.; transformed into corps of professional bureaucrats because of knowledge of writing during Zhou dynasty.57
5659258389ConfucianismA philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It shows the way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society in the present world and stresses a moral code of conduct.58
5659258390Zhou DynastyThe dynasty that displaced Shang Dynasty, Lasted from (1029 - 258 BCE); alliances with regional princes and families, overtook Yangtze River Valley (Middle Kingdom); invoked the "Mandate of Heaven" rationality in goverment; and beginnings of Mandarin Chinese language(Resulted in the largest single group speaking the same language in the world). They banned human sacrifice. Fell because of an inability to control vassals, external nomadic invaders which lead to a mini- assimilation of cultures and also to a new dynasty(Qin) and ruler Shi Haungdi who united ALL of china. (Think of this as China's Feudal Period)59
5659258391Yangtze River ValleyA valley that the Zhou dynasty seized in order to expand territorial boundaries, also called middle earth.60
5659258392Mandate of HeavenChinese religious and political ideology developed by the Zhou dynasty, was the prerogative of Heaven, the chief deity, to grant power to the ruler of China.61
5659258393Shi HaungdiThe Chinese ruler(First Emperor) who came to power in 221 B.C. and unified and expanded China by ending internal battles and conquering rival states, established the brief Qin Dynasty in 221 BCE, which only lasted for 14 years. Name means the "the tiger". He vigorously organized and centralized the government into a bureaucracy , selected his officials from non-aristocratic backgrounds. He also built the Great Wall of China(3000 miles) to the North to protect against nomadic invaders.62
5659258394Qin DynastyThe Chinese dynasty (221 BC to 204 BC) that established the first centralized imperial government and built much of the Great Wall, Replaced the Zhou dynasty and employed Legalist ideas in order to control warring states and unify the country. Burned a lot of books that would be "subversive" to his autocratic rule. There was the National Census, Great Wall of China, standardization of coinage, weights, and measures throughout the entire realm, and made all script length uniform. Shi Huangdi unpopularity lead to the dynastys downfall and a peasant family established the Han Dynasty63
5659258395Han DynastyImperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time from 206 BC to AD 220) 400 YEARS and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy; remembered as one of the great eras of Chinese civilization, succeeded the Qin Dynasty. Expanded into Korea, Indochina( Cambodia) , and central Asia. Was a very prosperous and large dynasty(established the FIRST Civil Service examinations), however the nomadic Huns overturned the dynasty, and marked the end of the classical period for chinese civilization.64
5659258396Shang DynastySecond Chinese dynasty (about 1750-1122 B.C.) which was mostly a farming society ruled by an aristocracy mostly concerned with war. They're best remembered for their art of bronze casting.Succeeded the Xia . Rulers and their relatives gave orders through a large network of cities65
5659258397Sons of HeavenThe Zhou called themselves the __________, because they supposedly derived their lineages from the old Shang Rulers and heavens Mandate.66
5659258398Mandarin ChineseThe main language of (ancient) China, had the most people speak it, with other languages spread out over China aswell. Mainly established by the Zhou rulers.67
5659258399Era of Warring StatesThe period of Chinese history between c. 402 and 220 B.C.E. characterized by the breakdown of the central government and feudal war.; regional rulers made their own armies and fought for control; during this time Zhou Dynasty disentigrated.68
5659258400Great Wall of ChinaOne of the biggest building projects in history that was started by Shi Huangdi and took thousands of forced workers and hundreds of years to complete/built to protect the empire from northern invaders69
5659258401Wu TiHan "Warrior Emperor" who greatly expanded the empire, (140-87 BCE); promoted peace; supported Confucianism; Conducted trade with the Parthian Empire in the Middle East. He also conducted the FIRST Civil service examinations in the world.70
5659258402P'an KuMythic ancestor whcih ancient chinese said was their creation myth, he created the world after breaking out of an egg.71
5659258403LegalismIn China, a political philosophy that emphasized the unruliness of human nature and justified state coercion and control. The Qin rulers and early Han rulers invoked it to validate the authoritarian nature of their regime. Not as popular as Confucianism, and did not seek popular approval anyway.72
5659258404DaoismChinese philosophy based on the teachings of Laozi; taught that people should turn to nature and give up their worldly concerns, emphasized harmony and was largely a spiritual alternative to Confucianism, which actually developed at the same time in the last centuries of the Zhou dynasty. Remember Dao, humility, frugalty, learning/politics was IRRELEVANT under this philosophy.73
5659258405LaoziAlso known as Lao Tsu; major Chinese philosopher; recommended retreat from society into nature; individual should seek to become attuned with Dao. Established Daoism74
5659258406Daothe central idea of Daoism also called "The Way"75
5659258407MenciusConfucius's greatest disciple; he has been called the second sage; , Also known as Meng Ko; stressed the consent of the common people.Said that humans were essentially GOOD and that governments required the consent of their subjects.76
5659258408XunziA Confucian follower, suggested humans are lazy(and naturally EVIL) and required a totalitarian government to make them good Became an advocate of Legalism, or more accurately a mesh of legalism and Confucianism.77
5659258409Five ClassicsA corpus of texts considered authoritative by the early Confucians. They include poetry, historical, speeches, chronicles, ritual, and divination, Texts used to train scholars and civil servants in ancient China78
5659258410CalligraphyA style of beautiful or elegant handwriting that became a very important art form in early classical Chinese culture.79
5659258411ReligionThe lack of this(or at least the abundance) is the main reason that the Chinese classical period was not marked by a large amount of monuments( excluding the Great Wall of China/ Terracotta)80
5659258412Terracotta ArmySoldiers and horses of the first Chinese emperor ( Shi Huangdi). The soldiers dated back to 210 B.C. discovered by a farmer. Vary in height and are usually 6 feet. They are all different and have different characteristics. Their purpose was to help rule another empire with Shi Huang Di in the after life. Made during Qin Dynasty81
5659258413SeismographsAn instrument that records vibrations in the ground and determines the location and strength of an earthquake, first developed in classical period , specifically the Han Dynasty.82
5659258414PatriarchalismIdeas that social organization should be ordered with the male as the head of the family and institutions.83
5659258415MandarinsMember of the elite class of civil servants in Chinese government and the aristocracy during the classical period. (Highest Class), picture is a joke, couldn't find a better one.84
5659258416Laboring MassesThe 2nd highest group in China's classical Era, included the peasants and the urban artisans who manufactured goods.85
5659258417Mean PeopleThe lowest and 3rd group in China's Classical Era, Were people without "meaningful skills". Performing artists and household slaves were included, this group was punished more harshly than any others and required to wear green scarves. <(Again the Picture is a joke)>86
5659258418PaperWas developed by the Chinese classical society in the Han Dynasty, far before it was created in Europe, it was an example of a large amount of technological innovation( like Pulleys, Ox drawn Plows, water powered mills etc etc)>87
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AP World History People Flashcards

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6798711009Julius Caesarpart of the triumvirate of Rome, took over rule, assassinated0
6798711010Pompeypart of the triumvirate, general in the Middle East1
6798711011Octavianstruggled for power after Julius Caesar died , given total control, first Roman emperor2
6798711012Constantine330 C.E. established Constantinople, similar to Roman Empire, legalized Christianity3
6798711013Justinianreorganized law code in Byzantine Empire, built public works4
6798711014Qin Shi Huangdi221 BCE leader of Qin Dynasty, strong military, standardization5
6798711015Chandragupta Maurya324 BCE established Mauryan Empire, enforced power of state and caste6
6798711016Asokaruled Mauryan Empire 265-238 BCE, expanded army, spread Buddhism7
6798711017Chandra Gupta I320 CE, founder of Gupta Empire, expanded in India8
6798711018Kumara Guptaruled Gupta Empire during "golden age", resurgence of Hinduism, flourishing9
6798711019Siddhartha Gautama563 BCE, pilgrimage, founder of Buddhism, renamed Buddha10
6798711020Wufemale emperor of Tang Dynasty, spread Buddhism11
6798711021Prince Shotoku TaismiJapan, promoted Buddhism, built temples, influenced government12
6798711022AugustineNorth Africa, theologian, emphasized prayer, beginning of monasticism13
6798711023King Clovisconverted France to Christianity 400s14
6798711024Charles Marlelstopped Muslim advance in Battle of Tours (Muslim vs Franks) 73215
6798711025Charlemagne800-led Holy Roman Empire16
6798711026Mansa Musa1324 King of Mali, hajj to Mecca17
6798711027Ibn Battutamid 1300s- traveled around Muslim world18
6798711028Pope Urban IIcalled for first crusades in 1095, Muslim vs Christian19
6798711029Saladindefeated Christians in Crusades, but allowed groups to coexist20
6798711030Emperor Yung Loleader of Ming Dynasty, promoted exploration, limited foreign access in 143321
6798711031Zheng Heled 7 grand voyages to Indian Ocean under Yung Lo of Ming Dynasty22
6798711032Genghis Khan1162- leader of Mongols, largest empire, expanded, ruthless23
6798711033Thomas Aquinasmid 1200s - combined logic and faith to promote Christians24
6798711034Johannes Gutenberg1455 created movable type25
6798711035Prince Henry the Navigatorleader of Portugal, promoted sailing around tip of Africa, sailing academies26
6798711036Vasco De Gama1498 Portugal- sailed around tip of Africa to India and traded27
6798711037Amerigo Vespuccisailed to new world for Portugal, realized it was separate continent28
6798711038Ferdinand Magellan1519- sailed for Spain to explore Pacific and landed in Philippines29
6798711039Abel Tasman1640s Dutch explorer to Australia30
6798711040James Cook1760s- British explorer sailed around Australia and Antarctica31
6798711041Hernan CortesSpanish conquistador, attacked Aztecs - mexico32
6798711042Francisco PizaroSpanish conqueror, dominated Incas in Peru33
6798711043Pedro Cabralnaval leader of Portugal in 1500s34
6798711044John Calvin1509-1564, Switz, opposed Catholic, idea of predestination35
6798711045King Henry VIIIking of England, unhappy with power of Pope, divorced wife, created Anglican Church36
6798711046King Henry IVking of France, converted to Catholicism and passed Edict of Nantes (religious tolerance to Catholics and Protestants)37
6798711047King Louis XIII1610- leader of France, Catholic, improved army and trade allies38
6798711048King Louis XIV1643-1715, absolute monarch, raised taxes, increased colonies, army, wealth39
6798711049Peter the GreatCzar of Russia, westernized, expanded40
6798711050Catherine the Great1762- ruler of Russia, considered herself enlightened, tight government control41
6798711051Lord Baltimore1632- established safe haven for Catholics in new world42
6798711052Mehmed II1453- conquered Constantinople , leader of Ottoman Turks43
6798711053Suleiman Ileader of Ottoman Turks, expanded into Europe44
6798711054Shah Abbas1588-1629 leader of Safavid Persia, built capital city Isfahan, strong military45
6798711055Nicholas CopernicusPolish scientific revolution, fixed calendar, discovered heliocentric model46
6798711056Johannes KeplerGerman scientific revolution, simplified Copernicus model, planets orbited in ellipses47
6798711057GalileoItalian scientific revolution, used telescope, supported heliocentric model48
6798711058Isaac NewtonEnglish scientific revolution, advanced in calc, gravity, supported other scientific ideas49
6798711059Thomas HobbesEnglish, "natural state of man" is chaotic, humans create government to provide order50
6798711060John LockeEnglish, "natural rights of man" are life, liberty, and property51
6798711061Charles IEnglish king ruled by divine right 1600s, put on trial and executed after English civil war, son of King James I52
6798711062Oliver Cromwellruled as dictator in England after Charles I53
6798711063King Charles IIruler of England after Oliver Cromwell, reinstated monarchy54
6798711064King James IIruler of England after King Charles II, has catholic son-parliament unhappy55
6798711065Mary and William of Orangerulers of England 1688, supported by parliament, Glorious Revolution56
6798711066Baron de Montesquieuseparation of powers57
6798711067King James Iking of England in 1600s58
6798711068Voltairefreedom of speech, press, religion59
6798711069Rousseaudemocracy, freedom of mankind (majority rules)60
6798711070Denis Diderotencyclopedia of Enlightenment ideas61
6798711071Adam Smithprotection of private property by government62
6798711072King Louis XVIruler of France by divine right, French Revolution63
6798711073Napoleontook control of France 1799, spread revolution ideas, increased empire, demanded loyalty64
6798711074Toussaint L'ouvertureex slave led slave revolts in Haiti65
6798711075Simon Bolivarfought in north of South America against Spain, dictated Peru after defeating Spain66
6798711076Jose de San Martinfought in south of South America against Spain67
6798711077Jethro Tullinvented seed drill 170168
6798711078James Hargreavesinvented spinning jenny69
6798711079Richard Arkwrightcrated water frame, harnessing water power70
6798711080Thomas Newcomeninvented steam engine for water pump71
6798711081James Wattcreated steam engines for commercial use72
6798711082George Stephensoninvented locomotive73
6798711083Nikola Teslainvented transmission without wires74
6798711084Thomas Edisoncreated filament, phonograph, fuses75
6798711085King Wilhelm Ileader of German unification in Prusssia76
6798711086Otto Von Bismarckprime minister of Germany, iron chancellor, behind the curtain77
6798711087David LivingstoneScottish, extensive exploration and proselytization, treated natives with respect78
6798711088Henry Stanleyjournalist into Africa, hired by Belgian King Leopold II to claim land79
6798711089King George VGB, went to India to be praised, darbar (public show of royal power)80
6798711090Sun Yat SenChinese nationalist, 3 principles of people81
6798711091Porfirio Diazdictator of Mexico oppressive of poor, exiled82
6798711092Alvaro Obregonended war in Mexico, took control and promoted reforms 192083
6798711093Archduke Franz Ferdinandassassinated by Serbians which was a direct cause of WWI84
6798711094Czar Alexander IIfreed serfs and established local government councils 186185
6798711095Czar Nicholas IIindustrialized Russia late 1800s86
6798711096Ernst Rohnled Hitler's paramilitary87
6798711097Francisco Francogeneral of "rightists" in Spanish civil war, supported by Germany, victorious - fascist dictatorship88
6798711098Neville ChamberlainGB prime minister allowed Germany to have Sudetenland to avoid war89
6798711099Erwin Rommelgeneral of Germany to fight against GB 194090
6798711100Douglas MacArthurrebuilding process in japan91
6798711101George Kennanpolicy of containment, to prevent spread of communism92
6798711102Joseph McCarthyled witch hunts to find communist in USA93
6798711103Nikita Khrushchevreplaced USSR after Stalin, blamed Stalin, tight control94
6798711104Gamal Abder NasserEgypt, gained control of Suez Canal95
6798711105Anwar Sadatleader of Egypt after Nasser, allied with USA and made peace with Israel96
6798711106Arbenz1950s leader of Guatemala, overthrown by people97
6798711107Allende1970 leader of Chile, attempts to nationalize economy, industry, and decrease U.S. influence, overthrown98
6798711108Ayatollah Khomeiniconservative Shiite cleric in Iran, revolted against government (Shah)99
6798711109Leonid Brezhnevreplaced Krushchev, created Brezhnev doctrine100
6798711110Lech WalesaPoland, organized labor union, against USSR101
6798711111Bin LadenAfghan army, Taliban, 9/11102
6798711112Chiang Kai-Shekestablished ROC on Taiwan, against Mao103
6798711113Mao Zedongcommunist leader of China, supported peasants104
6798711114Pol Potleader of Cambodia in 1970s, communist105
6798711115Jawaharlal Nehrufirst prime minister of India106
6798711116Indira Gandhifemale prime minister of India, strong determined leader, increased military strength107
6798711117Mikhail Gorbachevleader of USSR, developed glasnost and perestroika, repealed Brezhnev doctrine108
6798711118Boris Yeltsinpresident of USSR, anti communist, outlawed communist party, new nations formed109
6798711119Putincurrently in power of Russia, dictator, opposes individual freedoms110
6798711120Kim Jong UnNorth Korea, powerful dictator communist111
6798711121Pope John Paul IIPolish pope, traveled to meet world leaders/poor, supported Lech Walesa112
6798711122Slobodan Milosevicleader of Serbia, tried to increase power over nearby nations113
6798711123F.W. de Klarkelected leader to South Africa in 1990, lifted ban of Africa National Congress114
6798711124Laurent Kabiladictator of Congo, influenced fighting115
6798711125Deng Xiapong1978 replaces Mao as communist leader in China, increased economy116
6798711126Yasir Arafatled Palestine Liberation Organization117
6798711127Ariel Sharonled Israel in late 1990s118
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AP World History Timeline Flashcards

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76764180782380 BCEUrukagina, author of one of the first codes of laws, reigns in Lagash0
76764180791760 BCEHammurabi's code is published1
767641808017th century BCEZarathustra, the founder of Zoroastrianism, lives2
76764180811812 BCEAbraham, the father of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, is born3
76764180831200 BCEVyasa writes the Hindu Vedas4
7676418086563 BCESiddhartha (Buddha) is born5
7676418087554 BCEConfucius is born6
7676418088550 BCELao-Tze, founder of Taoism, is born7
7676418089550 BCECyrus overcomes the Medians in the Persians' first victory8
7676418090434 BCEPeloponnesian War begins with Pericles as a leading Athenian statesman9
7676418091360 BCEPlato publishes The Republic10
7676418092335 BCEAristotle builds his school of philosophy in Athens11
7676418093329 BCEAlexander the Great defeats the Achaemenid Persian Empire12
7676418094320 BCEChandragupta found the Maurya Empire13
7676418095273 BCEReign of Ashoka begins in India14
7676418096210 BCEShi Huangdi, 1st emperor of China, founds the Qin dynasty15
7676418097206 BCE-195 BCELiu Bang, the first emperor of the Han dynasty, reigns16
767641809863 BCECicero is elected Consul17
767641809949 BCEJulius Caesar becomes sole leader of Rome and dissolves the Roman Republic18
767641810027 BCEOctavian becomes the first Roman emperor19
76764181015 BCEJesus is born20
767641810236 ADPaul's conversion to Christianity21
7676418103272 ADConstantine, who would go on to be Roman emperor22
7676418104496 ADClovis, King of the Franks, converts to Christianity23
7676418105570 ADJustinian becomes the Byzantine Emperor24
7676418106604 ADPrince Shotoku publishes the Seventeen Article Constitution in Japan25
7676418107622 ADMuhammad leads the Hegira26
7676418108732 ADCharles Martel leads the Franks to defeat the Moors at the Battle of Tours27
7676418109800 ADCharlemagne is crowned the first Holy Roman Emperor28
76764181101066 ADWilliam the Conqueror begins his reign in England29
76764181111095 ADPope Urban II calls for crusades to take back the holy land30
76764181121187 ADSaladin takes back Jerusalem for the Muslims during the Crusades31
76764181131206 ADAt the age of 42, Temujin takes the title Genghis Khan, which means "Universal Ruler"32
76764181141270 ADMarco Polo departs on his voyage to China33
76764181151324 ADMansa Musa sets out of his famous pilgrimage to Mecca34
76764181161368 ADHongwu founds the Ming Dynasty35
76764181171405 ADFirst voyage of Chinese explorer Zheng He36
76764181181420 ADPortuguese explorers begin looking around37
76764181191431 ADJoan of Arc is burned at the stake at age 1938
76764181201438 ADPachacuti, the founder of the Incan Empire, is born39
76764181211439 ADJohann Gutenberg invents the printing press40
76764181221448 ADMoctezuma I becomes the fifth Aztec emperor41
76764181231492 ADChristopher Columbus "discovers" the "new world"42
76764181241497 ADJohn Cabot becomes the first explorer to "discover" North America43
76764181251503 ADLeonardo da Vinci is commissioned to paint the Mona Lisa44
76764181261509 ADHenry VIII becomes King of England45
76764181271519 ADMartin Luther posts the 95 Theses46
76764181281520 ADSuleyman the Magnificent becomes Sultan47
76764181291534 ADCartier lands in Canada48
76764181301536 ADJohn Calvin publishes the Institutes of Christian Religion49
76764181311542 ADAkbar the Great, who would become an Indian ruler, was born50
76764181321558 ADQueen Elizabeth I becomes Queen of England51
76764181331603 ADThe reunification of Japan under Tokugawa Ieyasu52
76764181341616 ADGalileo begins having difficulties with the church53
76764181351637 ADRene Descartes, the father of modern philosophy, publishes his first works54
76764181361648 ADTaj Mahal is completed in India under the direction of Shah Jahan55
76764181371652 ADJan van Riebeck and other Dutch settlers found Capetown56
76764181381653 ADOliver Cromwell becomes the leader of England after the English Civil War57
76764181391654 ADLouis XIV is crowned King of France58
76764181401682 ADPeter the Great becomes Czar of Russia59
76764181411687 ADNewton publishes the Principia60
76764181421689 ADJohn Locke publishes the Two Treatises of Government61
76764181431762 ADCatherine the Great becomes ruler of Russia62
76764181441764 ADHargreaves invents the spinning jenny and kicks off the Industrial Revolution63
76764181451782 ADMary Wollstonecraft wrote A Vindication of Women's Rights64
76764181461793 ADMarie Antoinette is guillotined during the French Revolution65
76764181471804 ADNapoleon crowns himself emperor of France66
76764181481812 ADShaka Zulu creates the Zulu Empire67
76764181491819 ADSimon Bolivar founds Gran Colombia after liberating South America from Spain68
76764181501842 ADKing Leopold I tries and fails to pass a child labor law in Belgium69
76764181511848 ADKarl Marx and Fredrich Engels publish The Communist Manifesto70
76764181521859 ADCharles Darwin publishes The Origin of Species71
76764181531861 ADVictor Emmanuel II becomes the first king of a united Italy72
76764181541871 ADOtto van Bismarck oversees the reunification of Germany73
76764181551876 ADLeo Tolstoy writes Anna Karenina74
76764181561877 ADThomas Edison invents the phonograph75
76764181571889 ADCecil Rhodes gets a license from the British government to rule southern Africa76
76764181581907 ADRachel Carson, author of Silent Spring, is born77
76764181591914 ADFrancis Ferdinand is assassinated, starting World War I78
76764181601917 ADV.I. Lenin seizes control of Russia during the Russian Revolution79
76764181611921 ADAlbert Einstein receives the Nobel Prize for physics80
76764181621922 ADJoseph Stalin becomes the leader of the USSR after Lenin's death81
76764181631930 ADGandhi leads the Salt March in India82
76764181641932 ADAdolf Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany83
76764181651946 ADHo Chi Minh becomes prime minister/president of North Vietnam84
76764181661946 ADJawarhal Nehru is elected the first president of post-colonial India85
76764181671949 ADMao Tse-tung becomes the chairman of the People's Republic of China86
76764181681953 ADNikita Kruschev comes to power in the Soviet Union87
76764181691959 ADFidel Castro becomes leader of Cuba88
76764181701963 ADMartin Luther King, Jr. delivers the "I Have a Dream" speech during the march to Washington89
76764181711990 ADMikhail Gorbachev wins the Nobel Peace Prize for his work in ending the Cold War90
76764181721994 ADFormer prisoner Nelson Mandela is elected president of South Africa91
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AP Literature Vocab Review Flashcards

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7192944632CopiouslyIn large quantities0
7192944633DebilitateTo make weak and infirm1
7192944634BemusedPuzzled or confused2
7192944958DespondentlyIn low spirit from loss of hope or courage3
7192944959IncredulousUnwilling or unable to believe something4
7192944960DourRelentlessly sever, stern, or gloomy in manner or appearance5
7192945403CausticSarcastic or scathing in a bitter way6
7192945404DiabolicalHaving evil intent7
7192945405ClamoredShouted loudly or insistently8
7192945693GratuitousUncalled for, lacking good reason or warrant9
7192945694DubiousHesitating or doubting10
7192945695PensiveEngaged in, involving, or reflecting deep or serious thought11
7192945696FeigningPretending to be affected by12
7192946026IrateFeeling or characterized by great anger13
7192946027MoroseSullen and ill tempered14
7192946028SurrealBizarre15
7192946356HaplessUnfortunate16
7192946357LitanyTedious or repetitive series17
7192946358MortifyingCausing to feel embarrassed, ashamed, or humiliated18
7192946895CulpabilityResponsibility for a fault or wrong19
7192946896StoicAble to endure pain or hardship without showing feelings or complaining20
7192946897RepugnantExtremely distasteful or unacceptable21
7192946898PrudentlyActing or showing no care for the future22
7192946899FerventHaving or displaying passionate intensity23
7192947284TemerityExcessive confidence or boldness, audacity24
7192947285UnconscionableNot right or reasonable25
7192947579TrouncedDefeated heavily26
7192947580FlippantNot showing serious or respectful attitude27
7192947581ConcertedArranged and coordinated28
7192948025BeleagueredBeset with difficulties29
7192948026BunglingCarrying out clumsily or incompetently30
7192948027ForlornPitifully sad and abandoned or lonely31
7192948595PrecariousNot securely held or in position, dangerously likely to fall or collapse32
7192948596AudaciousShowing a willingness to take surprisingly bold risks33
7192948597AmiableHaving or displaying a friendly and pleasant manner34
7192948598MiscreantsPersons who behave badly or in a way that breaks the law35
7192948925ProlificPresent in large numbers or quantities36
7192948926AuspiciousConductive to success, favorable37
7192948927MaliciousCharacterized by malice, intending to do harm38
7192948928RogueDishonest or unprincipled person39
7192949332Raucousmaking or constituting a disturbingly harsh and loud noise40
7192949333GingerlyIn a careful or cautious manner41
7192949334ResonateTo produce or be filled with a reverberating sound42
7192950033ApocalypticDescribing or prophesying the complete destruction of the world43
7192950034SeetheBe filled with intense but unexpressed anger44
7192950035MisogynisticStrongly prejudiced against women45
7192950317TrepidationA feeling of fear or agitation about something that may happen46
7192950318AtrociousHorrifyingly wicked or of poor quality47
7192950319NefariousWicked or criminal48
7192950745VersatilityAbility to adapt or be adapted49
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