| 5066320053 | Cacophonous language | unpleasantly rough or jarring to the senses, harsh in sound: "Twas brillig, and the slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in the wabe; All mimsy were the borogoves, And the mome raths outgrabe" | | 0 |
| 5066320054 | Euphonious language | melody or loveliness in the sounds, sweet or calming in sound: "As he, defeated, dying, On whose forbidden ear The distant strains of triumph Break, agonized and clear!" | | 1 |
| 5066320055 | Colloquial language | Informal or familiar language. Give work a conversational tone and includes local or regional dialects. | | 2 |
| 5066320056 | Assonance | Repetition of vowel sounds: "Johnny went here and there and everywhere" | | 3 |
| 5066320057 | Alliteration | Repetition of beginning sounds in order to reinforce meaning, unify ideas, and create a musical sound: "Sally sells seashells by the seashore" | | 4 |
| 5066320058 | Consonance | Repetition of consonant sound: "the ship has sailed to the far off shores" | | 5 |
| 5066320059 | Denotative language | The literal meaning of language: "We set a wall between us" | | 6 |
| 5066320060 | Connotative language | The implied or (not dictionary) definition of language: "He was a dog"- meaning he was shameless or ugly | | 7 |
| 5066320061 | Asyndeton | Omission of conjunction: "Are all thy conquests, glories, triumphs, spoils?" | | 8 |
| 5066320062 | Anaphora | Repetition of the first part of a sentence or phrase: "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity" | | 9 |
| 5066320063 | Inversion | Reversing the normal order of words: "what a beautiful picture it is" | | 10 |
| 5066320064 | Parallelism | The grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences or paragraphs to give structural similarity: "I don't want to live on in my work. I want to live on in my apartment" | | 11 |
| 5066320065 | Antithesis | Opposition of words or ideas in a parallel text: "Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more"
"When I came to die, discover I had not lived"
"Be starved before we are hungry" | | 12 |
| 5066320066 | Allusion | Reference to historical, literary, religious, or mystical idea that is commonly known: "His eyes followed the woman across the room, even though he knew she was forbidden fruit" | | 13 |
| 5066320067 | Apostrophe | Directly speaking to an imaginary person or personified abstraction: "Then come, sweet death" and "Hello darkness, my old friend" | | 14 |
| 5066320068 | Euphemism | Less offensive substitute for a usually unpleasant concept: "A terrorist's victim... An innocent product of collateral damage" | | 15 |
| 5066320069 | Imagery | The sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions: "It was a rims morning, and very damp... I saw the damp lying on the bare hedges and spare grass... On every rail and gate, wet lay clammy" | | 16 |
| 5066320070 | Hyperbole | Figure of speech using exaggeration: "At that time Bogota was a remote, lugubrious city where an insomniac rain had been falling since the beginning of the 16th century" | | 17 |
| 5066320071 | Irony | The contrast between what is stated and what is really meant, the difference between what appears to be and what is true. used often in a humorous way: "We must arm ourselves to prevent war"
Verbal- words literally state the opposite of the writer's or speaker's true meaning
Situational- events turn the opposite way of what was expected to happen
Dramatic- facts unknown to the character are known to the reader | | 18 |
| 5066320072 | Litotes | Ironical understatement: "One nuclear bomb can ruin your whole day" | | 19 |
| 5066320073 | Rhetorical question | A question meant only for an effect, not for an answer: "Must I argue the wrongfulness of slavery? Is that a question for republicans?" | | 20 |
| 5066320074 | Metaphor | Figure of speech that compares two unlike things in order to make writing more vivid, imaginative, thought provoking, and meaningful: "I've been a rabbit burrowed in the wood" | | 21 |
| 5066320076 | Oxymoron | A paradox made of two dissimilar words: "military intelligence" "darkness visible" | | 22 |
| 5066320077 | Paradox | Absurd of self-contradictory statement which actually makes sense: "There is nothing that fails like success" | | 23 |
| 5066320078 | Personification | Human qualities or characteristics given to an inanimate object, concept, or animal: "The sun springs down on the rough and tumbling town. It runs through the hedges of Goosegog Lane, cuffing the birds to sing" | | 24 |
| 5066320079 | Simile | Comparison using like or as: "Death lies on her like an untimely frost | | 25 |
| 5066320080 | Synecdoche | Using a part to represent the whole: "all hands on deck" and "one would have thought that we would find willing ears on the part of newspapers" | | 26 |
| 5066320081 | Begging the question fallacy | To create a question within your statement that might disprove your statement: "Smoking is injurious to your health because it harms your body"- how does it harm the body and can we really connect harm to health? | | 27 |
| 5066320082 | Ad Hominem fallacy | "To or against the man" Attacking the person instead of their argument, appeals to emotion not reason: "he's an awful political; he's a fraud and a liar and should never be re-elected" | | 28 |
| 5066320083 | False dilemma | Creating a false choice: "people hate politicians because politicians often lie" | | 29 |
| 5066320084 | Hasty generalization fallacy | A false conclusion based on inadequate information: "only motivates athletes become champions" | | 30 |
| 5066320085 | Ad populum fallacy | Also known as the bandwagon appeal, it states that one should do it because everyone is doing it: "Most students agree with block scheduling: you should support it too" | | 31 |
| 5066320086 | Altruism appeal | A statement that appeals to a sense of one's own unworthiness and the greater good: "If we want to slow global warming, we need to be mindful of our own behaviors; we need to recycle, drive less, and seek alternative energies" | | 32 |
| 5066320087 | Ethos appeal | Demonstrating a credible and trustworthy speaker: "But since I feel that you are men of genuine good will and that your criticisms are sincerely set forth, I want to try to answer your statement in what I hope will be patient and reasonable terms" | | 33 |
| 5066320088 | Logos appeal | Demonstrating logical reasoning: "In any nonviolent campaign there are four basic steps: 1- collection of the facts to determine whether injustices are alive 2- negotiation 3- self purification and 4- direct action." | | 34 |
| 5066320089 | Pathos appeal | Demonstrating an emotional reaction: "We stood all alone a year ago... All this tradition of ours, our songs, our school history, this part of the history of this country, were gone and finished... But instead our country stood in the gap, There was no flinching and no though of giving in" | | 35 |
| 5066320090 | Narrative | Telling a story, usually based on personal experience | | 36 |
| 5066320091 | Cause/effect | Describing events and identifying casual relationship to other events, people, etc | | 37 |
| 5066320092 | Descriptive | Explaining a topic with considerable detail | | 38 |
| 5066320093 | Compare/contrast | Describing similarities or differences between ideas, objects, places, or events | | 39 |
| 5066320094 | Definition | Introducing a subject and providing a classification of the subject | | 40 |
| 5066320095 | Persuasive | attempting to convince the reader to do or believe something by making a strong claim and providing evidence for their claim: Frethorne's letter to his parents | | 41 |
| 5066320096 | Division | Taking a subject and analyzing its parts | | 42 |
| 5716478891 | Understatement | Using a figure of speech to deliberately make a situation seem less important than it really is; "It rained a bit more than usual" while describing an area being flooded after heavy rainfall | | 43 |
| 5716598149 | Repetition | Repeating of a sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern for effect. It links and emphasizes ideas and creates something familiar | | 44 |
| 5716756026 | Pun | A play on words; "You have dancing shoes with nimble soles; I have a soul of lead" | | 45 |
| 5924845885 | Allegory | The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning. Sometimes, an author may intend the characters to represent hope or freedom. The _________ meaning usually deals with moral truth or a generalization about human existence. | | 46 |
| 5924845886 | Ambiguity | The multiple meaning, intentional or unintentional of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage | | 47 |
| 5924845887 | Analogy | A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them. Can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with, or pointing out its similarity to, something more familiar. Can also make writing more vivid, imaginative, and intellectually engaging. | | 48 |
| 5924845888 | Antecedent | The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun. Usually found in a long, complex sentence or paragraph. | | 49 |
| 5924845889 | Aphorism | A terse statement of known authorship that expresses a general truth or moral principle. If author is unknown, it is a fold proverb. "England hath need of thee" | | 50 |
| 5924845890 | Atmosphere | The emotional mood created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the author's choice of objects that are described. Even description of the weather can contribute. ________ often foreshadows events. | | 51 |
| 5924845891 | Caricature | A representation, especially pictorial or literary, in which the subject's distinctive features or peculiarities are deliberately exaggerated to produce a comic or grotesque effect. It can so exaggerated that it becomes a grotesque imitation or misrepresentation. | | 52 |
| 5924845892 | Chiasmus | A figure of speech based on inverted parallelism. Two clauses are related to each other through a reversal of terms. The purpose is to make a larger point or to provide balance and order. "His time a moment, and a point his space" or "ask not what your country can do for you- ask what you can do for your country" | | 53 |
| 5924845893 | Clause | A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb. An Independent clause expresses complete thought and can stand alone: "My grade was good". A Dependent clause cannot stand alone: "because I studied" | | 54 |
| 5924845894 | Conceit | A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects. Displays intellectual cleverness due to the unusual comparison. | | 55 |
| 5924845895 | Diction | Refers to an author's word choices, especially in regards to their correctness, clearness, or effectiveness. Creates style and complements the author's purpose. | | 56 |
| 5924845896 | Didactic | Literally means instructive. Primary aim is to teach or instruct, especially in moral or ethical principles | | 57 |
| 5924845897 | Extended Metaphor | A metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work | | 58 |
| 5924845898 | Figurative language | Writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid | | 59 |
| 5924845899 | Figure of speech | Device used to produce figurative language. Many compare dissimilar things. They include apostrophe, hyperbole, irony, metaphor, metonymy, oxymoron, paradox, personification, simile, synecdoche, and understatement | | 60 |
| 5924845900 | Generic conversions | Describes traditions for each genre. Help define each genre and can help differentiate between essay, journal, autobiography, political writing etc | | 61 |
| 5924845901 | Genre | Major category into which a literary work fits. The basic divisions are prose, poetry, and drama. There are also subdivisions like fiction, nonfiction, lyric, narrative, epic, tragedy, comedy, melodrama, farce, etc | | 62 |
| 5924845902 | Homily | "Sermon" ,can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture, involving moral or spiritual advice. | | 63 |
| 5924845903 | Inference/infer | To draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented; the most direct and reasonable response | | 64 |
| 5924845904 | Invective | An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language | | 65 |
| 5924845905 | Juxtaposition | Placing dissimilar items, descriptions, or ideas, close together or side by side, especially for comparison or contrast | | 66 |
| 5924845906 | Loose sentence | Sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first and is followed by phrases and clauses. Seems informal, relaxed, and conversational | | 67 |
| 5924845907 | Metonymy | "Changed label" "substitute name" is a figure of speech in which the name of an object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it: "the White House declared" instead of "the president declared" | | 68 |
| 5924845908 | Mood | 1) grammatical, deals with verbal units and a speaker's attitude. Indicative ____ is used for factual sentences. Subjunctive ____ is used for a doubtful or conditional attitude. Imperative ____ is used for commands.
2) the prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work, includes setting, tone, and events | | 69 |
| 5924845909 | Onomatopoeia | A figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words. "Buzz hiss hum crack whinny murmur" | | 70 |
| 5924845910 | Parody | A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule. Exaggerates distinctive features of the original, repeats and borrows words, phrases, or characteristics in order to illuminate weaknesses in the original. | | 71 |
| 5924845911 | Pedantic | An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish | | 72 |
| 5924845912 | Periodic sentence | A sentence that presents it central meaning (independent clause) at the end. Preceded by phrases or clauses that cannot stand alone. Adds emphasis and structural variety | | 73 |
| 5924845913 | Point of view | The perspective from which a story is told
1) First person: "I"
2) Second person: "you"
3) Third person: "he" "she" and "it"- omniscient describes total knowledge of what is going on. Limited omniscient presents only one character | | 74 |
| 5924845914 | Predicate adjectives | One type of subject complement- an adjective, group of adjectives, or adjective clause that follows a linking verb: "My boyfriend is tall, dark, and handsome" | | 75 |
| 5924845915 | Predicate nominative | One type of subject complement- a noun, group of nouns, or noun clause that follows a linking verb: "Lincoln was a man of integrity" | | 76 |
| 5924845916 | Prose | One type of genre. Refers to fiction and nonfiction. Is written in ordinary language and most closely resembles everyday speech. Sometimes borrows from the other genres | | 77 |
| 5924845917 | Rhetorical modes | Describes variety, conventions, and purposes of major writing.
1) Exposition: to explain and analyze information by presenting an idea, relevant evidence, and discussion
2) Argumentation: to prove the validity of an idea or point of view by presenting sound reasoning, thoughtful discussion, and insightful argument, to convince the reader. Persuasive moves them to action
3) Description: to recreate, invent, or visually present a person, place, event, or action so that the reader can picture that being described. Imagery is used
4) Narration: to tell a story or narrate an event or series of events. Uses descriptive writing | | 78 |
| 5924845918 | Sarcasm | "To tear flesh" involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something. It may use irony. Can be witty and insightful or simple cruel | | 79 |
| 5924845919 | Satire | A work that targets human vices and follies, or social institutions and conventions, for reform or ridicule. Best seen as a style, not a purpose. Can be recognized by irony, wit, parody, caricature, hyperbole. Understatement, and sarcasm. Good ____ is thought provoking and insightful about the human condition | | 80 |
| 5924845920 | Style | Can define a historical period
1) An evaluation of the choices the author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, etc. Can be used to supplement the purpose
2) classification of authors to a group and comparison of an author to similar authors | | 81 |
| 5924845921 | Subject complement | The word or clause that follows a linking verb and complements or completes the subject of the sentence by renaming it or describing it | | 82 |
| 5924845922 | Subordinate clause | Contains a subject and a verb but cannot stand alone. Also called the dependent clause | | 83 |
| 5924845923 | Syllogism | "Reckoning together" a deductive system of logic that has two premises (major and minor) that lead to a conclusion: "All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal) | | 84 |
| 5924845924 | Symbol/symbolism | Anything that represents or stands for something else. Usually concrete that represents the abstract
1) Natural: uses objects and occurrence from nature to represent ideas "a new dawn is a new hope"
2) Conventional: uses things that have been invested with meaning by a group (the cross, an eagle, a skull, etc)
3) Literary: found in a variety of works and can be conventional (the whale from Moby Dick) | | 85 |
| 5924845925 | Syntax | The way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences. Refers to groups of words. Consider length, unusual structure, patterns, and kinds of sentences. | | 86 |
| 5924845926 | Theme | The central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life. Can be stated as a universal truth | | 87 |
| 5924845927 | Thesis | The sentence or group of sentences that directly express the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or proposition. Expository writing is judged by how accurate, effective, and thorough | | 88 |
| 5924845928 | Tone | Describes author's attitude towards the material, audience, or both. Sets a ____________ for the audience so that they will... | | 89 |
| 5924845929 | Transition | Links different ideas. Signals a shift in idea | | 90 |
| 5924845930 | Understatement | Ironic minimizing of fact
1) litotes: "he was not adverse to drink"
2) meiosis: a mortal wound being called a scratch | | 91 |
| 5924845931 | Wit | Intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights. Is humorous, ingenious, and perceptive. Uses terse language to make a pointed statement | | 92 |
