| CourseNotes

Chapter 4-- AP World History Flashcards

7499973252	All artifacts from Harappan society is from	artifacts from above the water table	0
7499986113	Barley, Wheat and Cotton	two main crops in Indus River	1
7499990689	Harappa and Mohenjo-daro	two main cities known, strong belief system	2
7500001539	possible reason for the disappearances	1. Ecological degradation 2. Natural catastrophes	3
7500014498	Aryans	pastoral economy VEdas	4
7500019193	Vedic age	Conflict between people	5
7500022573	raja	king	6
7500026547	Indra	god of war	7
7500031448	Punjab then Deccan	migration of Aryans, first to use iron and established kingdoms instead of tribes	8
7500041306	Caste system	Brahmins Kshatriyas vaishyas shudras	9
7500048689	Lawbook of Manu	book about moral and social behavior and responsibilities	10
7500059165	Samsara	individual soul was born many times	11
7500060713	Brahman	universal soul	12
7500062728	Moksha	permanent liberation from physical incarnation	13
7500068204	Upanishads	work of religious teachings	14
7500080068	Dravidians	early Harappan civilization replaced by Aryans	15
7500085646	Sati	ancient practice in which the widow was thrown on the funeral pyres of her husband	16

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AP World History: Ch. 23 Asian Transition in an Age of Global Change, Pt. 2 Flashcards

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5960327786	Zhu Yuanzhang	Military commander of peasant origins who founded the Ming Dynasty--known as the Hongwu Emperor (1638)	0
5960346648	Yuan Dynasty	Mongol Dynasty overthrown by the Ming Dynasty.	1
5960353836	Macao	Along with Canton, one of only two ports in Ming China where Europeans were allowed to trade.	2
5960361016	scholar-gentry	Looked at with suspicion by Hongwu, but their knowledge of bureaucracy was a necessary evil for bringing back the full revival of Chinese civilization.	3
5960375397	chief minister	Position abolished by Hongwu and taken on himself in order to consolidate his power.	4
5960383612	Yongle	Strong emperor who succeeded Hongwu	5
5960400182	Population Increase	In part caused by the importation of three plants, maize, sweet potatoes and peanuts, which could be grown in less than ideal circumstances.	6
5960421761	Proto-Globalization	Emergence of trade-based economy based on cross-cultural contacts in the early modern era.	7
5960430160	Xu Wei	Chinese artist who continued some monochromatic style or earlier periods, but was part of a new ming output that was busier and more colorful.	8
5960451645	The Golden Lotus	An example of the newly emerging literary style in China--the novel.	9
5960467893	Matteo Ricci	Along with Adam Schall, a Jesuit scholar at the Ming court; also skilled scientists; won few converts to Christianity using the "top-down" strategy employed in India.	10
5960483395	Chongzhen	Last emperor of the Ming Dynasty; died in 1644.	11
5960489965	Oda Nobunaga	The first Japanese daimyo to make extensive use of firearms; in 1573, deposed the last Ashikaga shogun; unified much of central Honshu; died in 1582.	12
5960492700	Daimyo	(in feudal Japan) one of the great lords who were vassals of the shogun.	13
5960502043	Toyotomi Hideyoshi	General under Nobunaga; succeeded as a leading military power in central Japan; continued efforts to break power of the daimyos; became military master of Japan in 1590; died in 1598.	14
5960505921	Tokugawa Ieyasu	Vassal of Toyotomi Hideyoshi; succeeded him as the most powerful military figure in Japan; granted title of shogun in 1603 and established the Tokugawa shogunate; established political unity in Japan.	15
5960509866	Edo	Tokugawa capital, modern-day Tokyo; center of Tokugawa shogunate.	16
5960513103	Deshima	Island port in Nagasaki Bay; the only port open to foreigners, the Dutch, after the 1640s.	17
5960516845	School of National Learning	18th-century ideology that emphasized Japan's unique historical experience and the revival of indigenous culture at the expense of Confucianism and other Chinese influences.	18
5960520597	Neo-Confucianism	A movement in religious philosophy derived from Confucianism in China around AD 1000 in response to the ideas of Taoism and Buddhism.	19

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AP World History Unit 1 Flashcards

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7662424854	isolated	China was ____ from the rest of the world	0
7662424855	himalayas, gobi desert, and pacific ocean	What are some natural barriers of China	1
7662424856	Huange He (yellow river) and Yangtze	What are the two rivers of China	2
7662424857	2,920	How many miles long is the yellow river	3
7662424858	Loess	In the yellow river, ____ is depostied from blowing winds (this is what makes it yellow)	4
7662424859	millet and wheat	what crops were grown in northern China	5
7662424860	rice	What crop was grown in the Yangtze river valley	6
7662424861	riding horses and pottery making	Chinese people skilled at....	7
7662424862	2000 BCE	By.... the chinese had an advanced technology and intellecutal life	8
7662424863	bronze and iron and coal	What metals/stones did the Chinese use?	9
7662424864	1000 BCE	When did the Chinese learn to use bronze and iron	10
7662424865	ideographic symbols	the Chinese wrote in....	11
7662424866	astronomy, art, and music	The Chinese excelled in...	12
7662424867	Zia	first dynasty EVER!!!!	13
7662424868	2200 BCE	When did the Zia dynasty begin	14
7662424869	monarchy	what kind of government did the Zia have	15
7662424870	Sage-king "Yu"	founder of Zia, organized effective flood conrol projects	16
7662424871	founding of and development of cities	No records survive from Zia history, but it is believed that the dynasty encouraged the...	17
7662424872	Shang Di	strong shang king	18
7662424873	fertility	The Shang dynasty had ceremonies and dances that promoted....	19
7662424874	Shang	First dynasty with records	20
7662424875	1799-1122 BCE	What were the dates of the Shang Dynasty	21
7662424876	bronze weapons	nomads in shang dynasty fought on horseback from chariots with ...........	22
7662424877	Anyang	The ancient Chinese capital of the Shang dynasty.	23
7662424878	Large bureaucracy	What type of government did the Shangs have?	24
7662424879	local rulers	In Shang Dynasty, peasants and artisans were governed by....	25
7662424880	feudalism	The Shang government most closely resembled the European..... during the middle ages	26
7662424881	Silk	China had the monopoly on this	27
7662424882	bronze vessels	these were ornately cared and used to make offerings in Shang history	28
7662424883	shang Di	Who is the "main god" of Shang Dynasty	29
7662424884	oracles	priests served as _____ who would prophesy the future in Shang Dynasty	30
7662424885	bones and turtle shells	Shang wrote on	31
7662424886	family	Central to all chinese society	32
7662424887	patriarchal	Shang was a highly ____ society.	33
7662424888	Elderly males	head of chinese family	34
7662424889	Zhou	used the mandate of heaven for the first time	35
7662424890	1122-256 BCE	What were the dates of the Zhou Dynasty	36
7662424891	Mandate of Heaven	The Zhou used this to justify their rule	37
7662424892	Period of Waring States	Late centuries of the Zhou is called...	38
7662424893	403-221 BCE	What were the dates of the "Period of Warring states"	39
7662424894	Philosophies	What emerged during the Period of Warring states	40
7662424895	Mandate of heaven	justification for rule that influenced government and political legitimacy. Heavenly power granted the right to an individual to rule as the "son of heaven"	41
7662424896	withdraw the mandate	If the ruler failed under the mandate the heavenly powers would...	42
7662424897	Confucianism	Chinese religion with beliefs of social harmony from the proper order of human relationships	43
7662424898	Analects	Confucious sayings are compiled into _____	44
7662424899	political life	Confucious withdrew from _____ after unsuccessful efforts to find employment as an official and advisor to rulers	45
7662424900	Filial piety/Xiao	required of children that requires them show obedience, reverence, and love	46
7662424901	Ren	an attitude of kindness and benevolence	47
7662424902	Li	individuals have a sense of propriety	48
7662424903	society	One of confucius' goals was that individuals who possessed the traits would gain influence in ______	49
7662424904	junzi	superior individuals	50
7662424905	Mencius	Influenced by Confucius, popularized Confucian ideas, Emphasized sen by advocating benevolence and humanity government	51
7662424906	shown	mencius believed that if people are _____ the right way by virtuous rulers, they would do the right thing	52
7662424907	harmony	Under Mencius, he believed that rulers would levy light taxes, avoid ears, support education, and encourage ________	53
7662424908	Xunzi	Emphasized Li, less rosy picture of human nature, believed people had to be compelled to make appropriate choices, advocated for a well publicized standard of conduct with limits and harsh social discipline	54
7662424909	Legalism	Xunzi's beliefs lead to the development of....	55
7662424910	298-238 BCE	What were the dates of Xunzi	56
7662424911	372-289 BCE	What were the dates of Mencius	57
7662424912	Daoism	religion devoted to reflection and introspection, in hopes of understanding natural principles that govern the world	58
7662424913	The sage Laozi	Who is the founder of Daoism	59
7662424914	6th century BCE	When was Daoism founded	60
7662424915	Classic of the Way of Virtue	Foundational text of Daoism created by Laozi	61
7662424916	Dao	"The way of nature" or "the cosmos"	62
7662424917	passive	The Dao is an extremely _____ force	63
7662424918	Wuwei	Moral trait that individuals should refrain and disengage in the affairs of the world. Belief that people should live simply, unpretentiously, and in harmony with nature	64
7662424919	Legalism	government that devotes all attention to the state, which they sought to strengthen and expand at all costs	65
7662424920	Shang yang	Who was the first person to practice Legalism (390-338 BCE)	66
7662424921	Han Feizi	Established a theory of Legalism (280-233 BCE)	67
7662424922	Han Feizi	Student of Xunzi and advisor to the Qin	68
7662424923	agriculture and armed forces	The foundation of a state's strength were ____ under legalism	69
7662424924	merchants, entrepreneurs, scholars, educators, poets, philosophers	Legalist governments discouraged ________ because they did not advance the state	70
7662424925	Legalist Doctrine	strict laws with clear expectations and severe punishments	71
7662424926	Qin Shi Huangdi	By 221 BCE ______ emerges as the triumphant conqueror of the 6 coexisting kingdoms	72
7662424927	emperor	Qin Shi Huangdi was China's self-proclaimed first ___________	73
7662424928	221-207 BCE	What were the dates of the Qin Dynasty	74
7662424929	14	How many years did the Qin dynasty last	75
7662424930	Legalist	The Qin dynasty was governed by ______ principles	76
7662424931	bureaucracy	She Huangdi ruled by a centralized ________	77
7662424932	provinces	Shi Huangdi divided the empire into ____	78
7662424933	Great Wall	Shi Huangdi was the mastermind behind what construction project	79
7662424934	standardized currencies, weights, and measures, built roads and bridges, encouraged commerce and military, and mandated the use of common script	What are good things about Shi Huangdi	80
7662424935	460	Shi Huangdi ordered the execution of ____ scholars who critized the regime	81
7662424936	philosophy, ethics, history, and literature	Qin Shi Huangdi ordered the burning of what kind of books?	82
7662424937	medicine, fortune telling, and agriculture	Qin Shi Huangdi kept which types of books?	83
7662424938	210 BCE	When did Shi Huangdi die?	84
7662424939	700,000	how many laborers were drafted to build Shi Huangdi's tomb?	85
7662424940	Terra Cotta	a life size model of an infantryman	86
7662424941	Liu Bang	In 202 BCE a ruler who's name is _____ prevailed and inaugurated a new dynasty called the HAn	87
7662424942	Han	longest dynasty in Chinese history (400 years)	88
7662424943	Sima Qian	lived during the Han dynasty, regarded as the Chinese "father of history", castrated for defending a disgraced general	89
7662424944	Eunuch	Term for castrated individual	90
7662424945	Sima Qian	created organization framework that became standard	91
7662424946	compare and interpret the difference	Sima Qian wrote the same event narrated in more than one section, inviting readiness to _____	92
7662424947	Han	adopted confucianism as the official ideology of the imperial system	93
7662424948	1,000s of intelligent, educated individuals to run bureaucracy	Confucian educational system emerged from the need to recruit....	94
7662424949	Chang'an	Confucian university is located in....	95
7662424950	30,000	by the end of the Han dynasty the school in Chang'an had how many students	96
7662424951	Merchants	What social class was at the bottom of the Chinese ladder	97
7662424952	Scholar gentry "Shi"	educated, privileged group who were prepared for governmental service	98
7662424953	exams	Chinese government jobs depended on the performance on _____	99
7662424954	Merchants	devoted to moneymaking instead of learning and political service	100
7662424955	"Mean" people	anyone who lacked skills or direct production of goods, meaningless, actors, artists, poets...	101
7662424956	location	Women's status depended on her "___" within society	102
7662424957	wife	In Chinese society, Mother's in law had authority over their son's _____.	103
7662424958	Lessons for Women	1st CE book, instructs daughters to conform to traditional expectations	104
7662424959	Watermill, horse collar, roads and canals, seismometer, crossbow, rudder	What is new technology from the Han dynasty? (7)	105
7662424960	Agriculture, art, military	What are uses of Iron	106
7662424961	Iron	Under the Han dynasty, ____ production rapidly grows	107
7662424962	3000 BCE	when are the origins of silk production	108
7662424963	mulberry leaves	Chinese silk producers fed their silkworms on finely chopped ________	109
7662424964	100 CE	When was paper invented	110
7662424965	hemp and textile fibers	What was woven together to make paper	111
7662424966	paper	became the preferred medium to write on	112
7662424967	20 milllion	How many people were there in 220 BCE (beginning of Han)	113
7662424968	60 million	How many people were there in 9 CE (end of Han)	114
7662424969	economic difficulties, problems of land distribution, Social tensions	What were the 3 causes of the Han's fall	115
7662424970	economic difficulties	Military adventures of emperors caused severe economic stress	116
7662424971	Problems of land distribution	poor harvests, high taxes, debt, owners of large estates increase in size	117
7662424972	Wang Dang	"socialist emperor". limited the amoung of land families coud own	118
7662424973	social tensions	great distinctions between the rich and the poor	119
7662424974	silk	What did the wealthy chinese wear	120
7662424975	jade plaques sewn with gold threads	The upper class was buried in suits of ......	121
7662424976	Yellow Turban Rebellion	serious revolt that tested the Han in late 2nd century CE. Named after headgear	122
7662424977	influence	At the end of the Han dynasty, imperial family members, confucian scholar bureaucrats, and court eunuchs all seek to increase their.....	123
7662424978	220 CE	When did the Han officially fall	124
7662424979	several large regional kingdoms	for the next four centuries after the fall of the han china remained divided into	125
7662424980	south asia	The indian subcontinent is known as...	126
7662424981	Harappans	Who were the earliest settlers in India	127
7662424982	Aryans	Dravidian and indo european peoples who are intermarried, they interacted and laid foundations of society	128
7662424983	aryans	light skinned, indo european language speakers, pastoralists	129
7662424984	sheep and goats	What animals did the aryans have	130
7662424985	horses	were expensive because they were rare, were harnessed to carts, wagons, and chariots	131
7662424986	cattle	principal measure of wealth in india	132
7662424987	1500-500 BCE	what were the dates of the VEdic age	133
7662424988	vedic age	shows early aryan society, had no writing orginally,	134
7662424989	religious and literary works	These works were transmitted orally in Sanskrit during vedic age	135
7662424990	Vedas	the collection of hymns, songs, prayers, and rituals honoring the various gods. means wisdom or knowledge	136
7662424991	Rig Veda	most important veda	137
7662424992	Rig Veda	1028 hymns to the gods, earliest and most important veda	138
7662424993	Varnas	the caste system	139
7662424994	Jati	birth group, subsection of castes	140
7662424995	Brahmins	rituals and sacrifices ensoure proper functioning of the world, tribal medicine men and sorcerers will find a place here	141
7662424996	Kshatriyas	warrirors and rulers protect and govern society	142
7662424997	Vaisya	commoners that cultivated the land, business clas class or merchants become dominant	143
7662424998	Pure Aryans	Top three classes in Indian caste system are regarded as...	144
7662424999	"twice born"	people are cllaed this because they experienced physical birth and born into status as people of aryan descent	145
7662425000	sudras	servants tot he top castes, not allowed to hear or take part in aryan rituals, little value	146
7662425001	Harijans/untouchables	outside of the varna system, most unclean and polluting jobs	147
7662425002	Lawbook of Manu	book that dealt with proper moral and social behavior	148
7662425003	bear children and maintain home	What are indian women most important job	149
7662425004	Sati	womens dependence on men, a widow must voluntarily throw herself onto the funeral pyre of her deceased husband to join him in death	150
7662425005	Indra	aryan war god, rain, and water; most important god	151
7662425006	Brahmins	In aryan religions, the role of ____ are important	152
7662425007	soma	hallucinogen drug	153
7662425008	800-400 BCE	When were the Upanishads composed	154
7662425009	Upanishads	dialogues from sages to students, emphasized high ethical standards, discouraged greed, envy, gluttony. advocated honesty, self-control, charity, mercy, integrity, and respect to all living things	155
7662425010	Braman	the universal soul	156
7662425011	samsara	reincarnation	157
7662425012	karma	the good/bad deeds that follow to the next life	158
7662425013	moksha	deep dreamless sleep that came from permanent liberation from physical incarnations and become one with brahman	159
7662425014	Brahma	creator god	160
7662425015	Buddhism	religion that emphasized abandoning material goods and living simply	161
7662425016	siddhartha guatama	Who founded buddhism	162
7662425017	49	how many days of meditation did it take SG to reach enlightenment	163
7662425018	The Dharma	Buddhist Doctrine is called the	164
7662425019	Four noble truths, and eightfold path	What was SGs way to enlightenment	165
7662425020	suffering	Noble truth: all life is _____	166
7662425021	end	Noble truth: There is an ____ to suffering	167
7662425022	desire	Noble truth: Removing ______ removes suffering	168
7662425023	eightfold path	Noble truth: Ending suffering may be done through the ________	169
7662425024	less dependence, no caste, moderate consumption, vernacular	What are the appeals of mahayana buddhism	170
7662425025	Stupas	shrines housing relics of the buddha and his 1st disciples that pilgrims venerated	171
7662425026	Monastteries	served as social, economic, and cultural influence for buddhism	172
7662425027	Asoka	supported Buddhism	173
7662425028	Bodhisattavas	men and women who achieved enlightenment and were on threshold of nirvana, but chose to be reborn in order to help others	174
7662425029	Charitable donations	What was regarded as "pious activity" under Manayana buddhism?	175
7662425030	Mahayana Buddhism	"Greater vehicle", newer buddhism	176
7662425031	Buddha and Bodhisttvas	Focus of worship in on the _______ and _______ under Mahayana Buddhism	177
7662425032	Wealthy Class	who did mahayana buddhism attract	178
7662425033	Theravada buddhism	Strict buddhism, give up all material objects	179
7662425034	Mahavira	Who is the founder of Jainism	180
7662425035	540-468 BCE	What was the life span of Mahavira	181
7662425036	Soul	Janiests believe that everything in the universe has a ______.	182
7662425037	Principe of Ahimsa	nonviolence to other living things or souls (influenced Gandhi, MLK Jr)	183
7662425038	Lower class (merchants and scholars)	Who did Jainism appeal to?	184
7662425039	Brahma	creator of the universe	185
7662425040	Vishnu	preserver of the universe	186
7662425041	Shiva	The destroyer	187
7662425042	Ganesha	dictation wisdom, wealth, remover of obstacles	188
7662425043	Vishnu	restores the balance of good and evil	189
7662425044	Ganesha	half man/elephant	190
7662425045	knowledge, mental and physical discipline (yoga), or deep devotion	What are 3 different forms of hindu worship	191
7662425046	Attendance to festivals	Shows more devotion in hindu culture	192
7662425047	Ganges river	sacred indian river	193
7662425048	Hindu Swastika	symbol that means good fortune, luck or well being	194
7662425049	Nazi Swastika	aryan symbol indicating racial purity and superiority	195
7662425050	Mahabharata	Indian epic of war, princely honor, love, and social duty	196
7662425051	war bt cousins in aryan society for control of the kingdom	What was the Mahabharta story about	197
7662425052	106,000	How many verses are in the Mahabarata	198
7662425053	Bhagavad Gita	What is the most important part of the Mahabharta	199
7662425054	dialogue bt Arjuna and Krishna on one's duty of fate and spirit	What was the Bhagavad Giva about	200
7662425055	Ramayana	illustrates the Hindu value; epic talk tracking the adventures of king Rama and his wife sita	201
7662425056	settled agricultural society and better organized political unit	What does the Ramayana reflect more of...	202
7662425057	324-184 BCE	what was the time span of the Mauryan empire	203
7662425058	Mauryan and Gupta empire	What were the two empires where political unity was achieved	204
7662425059	Mauryan Empire	more extensive of the two lasting empires in india	205
7662425060	Chandragupta Mauray	Laid the foundation of the Mauryan Empire	206
7662425061	Magadhi, Bactria	What two regions did Chandragupa overthrow	207
7662425062	Maurya empire	India's 1st centralized empire	208
7662425063	Arthshastra	Chandragupta's government was guided by the political handbook called the _____.	209
7662425064	Bureaucratic	Maurayans built a _____ administartive system like China	210
7662425065	Kalinga	In Asoka's conquest to _____, 1,000s were killed, woulded or deported	211
7662425066	"Peace to all beings"	Asoka ruled by Buddha's teachings, "_____"	212
7662425067	roads	Asoka built extensive ____ to make travel and communication easier	213
7662425068	great rocks and pilished pillars	Asoka publicized his policies on ______	214
7662425069	Economic crisis	follows the death of asoka	215
7662425070	Gupta empire	modeled agter mauryan empire but smaller	216
7662425071	Chandra Gupta	founder of Gupta empire	217
7662425072	600 BCE-600 CE	Time span of the classical age	218
7662425073	currencies	A cause of the fall of the Mauryan empire was frequent devalutations of _____ to play salaries	219
7662425074	185 BCE	When does the Mauryan empire disappear	220
7662425075	500 years	How many years passed before another indigenous state has control over northern India	221
7662425076	Cotton, Black pepper, pearls, gems	What did India trade	222
7662425077	guild of merchants and artisans	Became politically powerful in absence of a strong central government	223
7662425078	Rome	Where did the Indian empires export to?	224
7662425079	Gupta empire	modeled after the mauryan but smaller	225
7662425080	Decentralized	The gupta empire had a highly ______ leadership	226
7662425081	Standing army	how did the gupta empire keep control	227
7662425082	Governors	Control outlying areas	228
7662425083	White Huns	frequent invasions from what group caused the decline of the Gupta empire	229
7662425084	16th century	When do you see much of the indian empire unite	230
7662425085	Mughal Empire	What 16th century empire united India.	231
7662425086	sati	a practice in india where the woman threw herself into her husband's wedding pyre	232

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AP World History- Review Packets Flashcards

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9795661567	Period 1	Technological and environmental transformations to 600 BCE	0
9795674020	BCE	Before Common Era	1
9795674021	BC	Before Christ	2
9795684763	Paleolithic Era	Old Stone Age	3
9795688542	Nomadic	Lifestyle where people live by wondering	4
9795729637	Nature of Civilization	-Large cities that control countrysides around them -Monumental architecture -Complex political organizations -A written language -Specialization of labor -Advanced art and literature -Long distance trade	5
9795779160	Mesopotamia	-River Valley Civilization between Tigris and Euphrates in present-day Iraq -Developed cuneiform -Sumerian civilization	6
9795793650	Cuneiform	A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets	7
9795817928	Egypt	-River Valley Civilization at the mouth of the Nile River -Developed hieroglyphics	8
9795831206	Hieroglyphics	Form of writing with symbols	9
9795859177	Indus Valley	-River Valley Civilization in Northwestern India (two major cities: Harappa and Mohenjo Daro)	10
9795874263	Aryans	Conquered Indus River Valley and brought HINDUISM	11
9795885292	Shang	-River Valley Civilization along the Yellow River in China -Decimal system	12
9795904357	Meso-America	-River Valley Civilization inhabited by Chavan's and Olmec's -Polytheistic	13
9795931212	Polytheistic	Belief in many gods	14
9811728110	Period 2	-Larger empires begin to rise -Buddhism, Greek Philosophy, Jainism, Confucianism -Han Dynasty, Roman Republic, Athenian city-state -More diverse cultural interactions -Ends because classical empires had collapsed and Islam enters 600BCE-600CE	15
9811942731	Classical Civilizations	-Kept better/more recent records -Expansionists who intentionally conquered those around them -Very large populations (compared to the River Valley Civilizations) -Patriarchal societies -Agricultural based economies -Complex gov't (kept land and people together) -Expanding trade base (connected empires)	16
9812025044	Zhou Dynasty	-Chinese dynasty that followed the Shang dynasty and preceded the Qin dynasty -Lasted longer than any other dynasty in Chinese history -Regional feudal states -Ruled as coordinators rather than as a central govt. -Military force determined the strength of rulers -Introduced Mandate of Heaven	17
9812065101	CE	Common Era	18
9812069166	Mandate of Heaven	The idea that there could be only one legitimate ruler of China at a time, and that this ruler had the blessing of the gods	19
9812093292	Han Dynasty	-Second imperial dynasty of China (preceded by the Qin dynasty and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period) -Spanned over four centuries -Considered a "golden age" in Chinese history -Created silk road	20
9812140649	Mauryan Empire	-An Iron Age power in ancient India -Was one of the world's largest empires in its time and the largest ever in the Indian subcontinent	21
9812195616	Gupta Empire	-An ancient Indian empire covering much of the Indian subcontinent -Called the Golden Age of India (science, technology, engineering, art, dialectic, literature, logic, mathematics, astronomy, religion, and philosophy)	22
9812359030	Greece Civilization (800-300BCE)	-Education/humanism/philosophy and political theory/polytheistic/ sailors -No centralized gov't (geography) -City-states -Slavery -Sparta men- fierce warriors	23
9812405051	Rome Civilization (500BCE-746CE)	-Military perfection -Engineering/architecture -Polytheistic (not really important to them) -Christianity was born within their rule -12 tables -Land ownership = wealth -Slavery -Gaps between rich and poor led to disruptions	24
9812435082	12 Tables	Rome's first code of written laws	25
9812437916	City-states	Different sections of land owned by the same country but ruled by different rulers	26
9812472558	The Silk Road	-Ancient trade routes that extended from the Roman empire in the west to China in the east -Most desired item- SILK from China -Several connected routes	27
9812509481	The Indian Ocean Trade	Water trade route connecting Africa, the Middle East, India, Asia and China	28
9812550381	Saharan Trade	-Connected people that lived south of the Sahara to the Mediterranean and the Middle East -Berbers! -Salt and gold	29
9812561198	Berbers	-Nomadic people who used camel herding for trade -SPREAD ISLAM	30
9812609404	Judaism	-The monotheistic religion of the Jews -It originated with Abraham and the Hebrew people.	31
9812625419	Christianity	Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life, teachings, and miracles of Jesus of Nazareth	32
9812639964	Buddhism	-Religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama that emphasizes how to escape suffering -Based on the teachings of the Buddha that developed in India -Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path	33
9812662001	Four Noble Truths	Suffering The cause of suffering The end of suffering The path	34
9812677534	Eightfold Path	The basic rules of behavior and belief leading to an end of suffering	35
9812682545	Hinduism	A religion native to India, featuring belief in many gods and reincarnation	36
9812686640	Legalism	A Chinese philosophy that emphasizes strict obedience to law: belief that people were bad by nature and needed to be controlled	37
9812697753	Hellenism	Blending of Egyptian, Persian and Greek culture; emphasis on philosophy and sciences.	38
9812702887	Confucianism	-A system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius and developed by Mencius -Emphasizing love for humanity	39

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5768452943	The period of political disorder and chaotic warfare that followed the Qin-Han era is referred to as the	Era of Division.	0
5768452944	What was the capital of the southern Song dynasty?	Hangzhou	1
5768452945	Which of the following statements concerning urbanization in China during the Tang-Song era is most accurate?	Chinese urbanization mushroomed during the Tang-Song era with a higher proportion of the population living in cities.	2
5768452946	The dynasty that ended the period of political chaos after the fall of the Qin-Han was the	Sui.	3
5768452947	What made possible the rapid revival of empire under the Tang?	The rebuilding of the imperial bureaucracy using Confucian ideology	4
5768452948	The man responsible for the creation of the Sui dynasty was	Wendi.	5
5768452949	Which kingdom was conquered by Wendi in 589?	Chen	6
5768452950	What made the reunification of China under the first Sui emperor possible?	The support of the nomadic warrior elite	7
5768452951	What was the primary reform enacted during the reign of the first Sui emperor?	The creation of granaries to relieve the threat of famine	8
5768452952	Unlike his father, the second Sui emperor favored	the Confucian scholar-gentry class.	9
5768452953	What led to the downfall of the Sui dynasty?	Unsuccessful military campaigns	10
5768452954	Who was the founder of the Tang dynasty?	Li Yuan	11
5768452955	Which of the following statements concerning the extent of the Tang empire is most accurate?	The Tang built an empire that was far larger than the Han, an empire whose boundaries in many directions extended beyond the borders of modern China.	12
5768452956	What was the attitude of the Tang emperors toward the Confucian scholar-gentry?	The Tang supported the rebirth of the Confucian scholar-gentry, often at the expense of the aristocracy.	13
5768452957	What ministry of the central imperial government was responsible for the administration of the examination system?	Rites	14
5768452958	The title of jinshi was reserved for those who	passed the most difficult exams on Chinese literature.	15
5768452959	Which of the following statements concerning entry into the Chinese bureaucracy is most accurate?	Birth and family connections continued to be important in securing high office.	16
5768452960	Members of the elite class of China were more attracted to what variant of Buddhism?	Chan	17
5768452961	Which of the following descriptions of Pure Land Buddhism is NOT accurate?	It was founded by Chinese monks.	18
5768452962	What Tang ruler actually attempted to have Buddhism recognized as a state religion?	Empress Wu	19
5768452963	What proved to be the most damaging attack on Buddhism's popularity with the people during the early Tang dynasty?	The Confucians; successful campaign to convince the emperor that the Buddhist monastic establishment represented an economic threat	20
5768452964	In what decade did open persecution of Buddhism within the Chinese empire begin?	840s	21
5768452965	What was the result of the imperial attempt by the Tang to suppress Buddhism within the Chinese empire?	Buddhism survived the repression, but in a reduced state without the political influence of the early Tang years.	22
5768452966	What was the impact on Confucianism of the Tang repression of the Buddhists?	Confucianism emerged as the central ideology of Chinese civilization until the 20th century.	23
5768452967	Which emperor's reign marked the high point of the Tang power?	Xuanzong	24
5768452968	Which of the following was NOT a problem during the last years of the Tang dynasty?	A Buddhist rebellion in southern China	25
5768452969	Who was the founder of the Song dynasty?	Zhao Kuangyin	26
5768452970	The first Song emperor restored the unity of China EXCEPT for what northern dynasty?	Liao	27
5768452971	How did the Song Empire compare to the Tang?	The Song empire was smaller in territorial extent than the Tang Empire.	28
5768452972	Which of the following statements most accurately describes the position of the scholar-gentry under the Song dynasty?	The domination of the scholar-gentry over its aristocratic and Buddhist rivals was fully secured in the Song era.	29
5768452973	Who was the most prominent of the neo-Confucians during the Song era?	Zhu Xi	30
5768452974	Which of the following was NOT an eventual impact of the development of neo-Confucian schools of thought?	Destruction of the mandarins	31
5768452975	Wang Anshi, a prime minister in the 1070s and 1080s attempted to reform Song government on the basis of what Confucian school of thought?	Legalism	32
5768452976	Which of the following was NOT one of the reforms introduced by Wang Anshi in the face of conservative opposition?	The end of tribute payments to nomadic dynasties on the northern border	33
5768452977	What caused the flight of the Song dynasty from its capital in northern China?	The invasions of the Jurchens who had formed the Qin kingdom	34
5768452978	Why was the construction of the Grand Canal necessary?	The Yangtze River valley was becoming the major food-producing region of China by the late Tang era.	35
5768452979	Which of the following was NOT an economic development during the period of commercial expansion during the Tang and Song dynasties?	Military domination of the seas	36
5768452980	Which of the following was NOT a result of the agricultural policies of the Sui and Tang emperors?	The scholar-gentry were removed as landlords.	37
5768452981	What was a primary difference between marriages, families, and households of the upper and lower classes in Tang-Song China?	Extended family households were more common in upper-class households than in lower-class ones.	38
5768452982	Which of the following statements concerning the status of women in the Tang-Song era is most accurate?	The assertion of male dominance within the family was especially pronounced in the thinking of the neo-Confucian philosophers.	39
5768452983	Which of the following statements about Chinese landscape painting is most accurate?	Members of the ruling political elite in China produced many of the paintings in the Song era.	40
5768452984	In what way did foot-binding serve to diminish the independence of Chinese women by the end of the Song era?	Foot-binding sufficiently crippled women to effectively confine their mobility to their household.	41
5768452985	Which of the following was NOT a technological innovation of the Tang-Song era?	Paper	42
5768452986	Which of the following intellectual schools was responsible for the production of most literary and artistic works during the Tang-Song era?	Confucian	43
5768452987	What artisan was responsible for the development of movable type?	Bi Sheng	44
5768452988	The outstanding poet of the Tang era was	Li Bo.	45
5768452989	During the Song dynasty the interest of Confucian intellectuals in nature was most apparent in their production of	landscape paintings.	46
5768452990	What group was responsible for the fall of the southern Song dynasty in 1279?	Mongols	47

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8211204547	What was the difference between the Abbasid and the Umayyad empires?	The Umayyads were: Meccan merchant class, Brought stability with Sunnis, Head tax (jizya); favored Arabs, Relatively tolerant in religion, no social mobility (can't move up in class), Rulers live luxurious lives (though centralized rule), Capital- Damascus and good military. The Abbasids were: More Persian: support of non-Muslims -> controls Persia/Mesopotamia, Diverse administration, DON'T EXPAND: content to administer empire inherited, Brings together Muslims: Sunni/Shiite are all same etc, Court located at Baghdad and laws based on Quran and sharia (has lex talionis: retaliation; if you kill someone, you are killed)	0
8211204548	What was the essential dispute within Islam over the succession to the prophet?	Sunni majority reject the premise that men can be divine,The Shia Muslim follow Ali and believe he descended from Muhammad.	1
8211204549	Why was Islam able to appeal to people of so many different cultures?	Because the religion was not pushed onto the people all at once, the Islamic people allowed them to keep their culture and even parts of their own religion (if they had one) and gradually Islam took over. People who did not convert had to pay an extra taxes and were not full citizens. Islam made it so it was better for the people to convert but because they were not forced to, and could keep parts of their own beliefs many people did convert.	2
8211204550	Compare and Contrast the status of women in Islam during the pre-Islamic period and the Abbasid empire.	PRE-ISLAMIC: women played key economic roles including milking camels, weaving cloth and raising children. ABBASID: encouraged marriage, the harem and the veil became the twin became the twin emblem of women's increasing subjection to men, women were not allowed to lead prayers, were raised to running a household and serving their husbands, and wives and concubines of the Caliphs were restricted to the forbidden corners of the palace.	3
8211204551	In what sense did the Muslim incursions into the Indian subcontinent result in Islamic influences on Hindus? To what extent were Muslims affected by Indian culture?	The Islamic influence on the Hindus was religious conversion under extreme circumstances or under extreme duress. It also resulted in a stringent caste system among the Hindus with richer castes not worshiping with the lower castes. Indian merchants brought textiles, beads, gold, silver and metal goods to the Muslims, which were used in political and religious rituals.	4
8211204552	Describe the general economy of the later Abbasid Empire. Include a comparative evaluation of urban and rural economies.	Baghdad's economy relied on taxes, and wealth generated by trade and manufacturing. The empire was rich in gold, silver, copper, and iron and used them in trade. Farmers grew dates, rice, and other grains. In addition, the Abbasids introduced new breeds of livestock.	5

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