| CourseNotes

AP Literature terms 1 Flashcards

7249567890	Absence	the idea that authors are not present in texts and that meaning arises in the absence of any authority guaranteeing the correctness of any one interpretation	0
7249578706	Aesthetic	the study of beauty in nature and the arts	1
7249583887	Affective stylistics	refers to the impact that the structure of a given text has on the minds of individual readers as the read	2
7249587384	Ambiguity	lack of clarity or uncertainty in meaning	3
7249591521	Anachronism	something outside of its proper historical time period	4
7249594846	Anachrony	a technique of presenting material out of chronological order	5
7249598160	Analepsis	the insertion of scenes that have occurred in the past	6
7249600392	Prolepsis	the insertion of scenes that take place in the future	7
7249607469	Ellipsis	the omission of material that creates a chronological gap	8
7249609394	Anagnorisis	refers to the moment of drama when the protagonist "discovers" something that either leads to or explains a reversal of fortune	9

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Literature Terms #7 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

6806099785	Prosody	The mechanics of verse poetry-sounds, rhythms, scansion, meter, stanzaic form, alliteration, rhyme	0
6806099786	Pun	A play on two words similar in sound but different in meaning	1
6806099787	Quatrain	A stanza of four lines, often rhyming in ABAB pattern	2
6806099788	Refrain	A line or set of lines at the end of a stanza or section of a longer poem, repeated at regular intervals	3
6806099789	Rhyme	A matching similarity of sounds in two or more words	4
6806099790	Rhyme Scheme	The pattern of a rhyme	5
6806099791	Rhythm	The varying speed, loudness, pitch, elevation, intensity, and expressiveness of speech or poetry	6
6806099792	Satire	An attack on or criticism of any stupidity or vice in the form of scathing humor or critique	7
6806099793	Scanudon	The act of scanning a poem to determine its meter	8
6806099794	Sestet	Six lines they rhyme with a varying pattern such as CDECDE OR CDCCDC	9

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP English Literature Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

6702686306	Ambiguity	When an author leaves out details/information or is unclear about an event so the reader will use his/her imagination to fill in the blanks.	0
6702686307	Anaphora	Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive lines in a poem.	1
6702686308	Anecdote	A short story or joke told at the beginning of a speech to gain the audience's attention.	2
6702686309	Antagonist	The protagonist's adversary.	3
6702686310	Anti-climatic	When the ending of the plot in poetry or prose is unfulfilling or lackluster.	4
6702686311	Apostrophe	When a character speaks to a character or object that is not present or is unable to respond	5
6702686312	Assonance	The repetition of the same vowel sound in a phrase or line of poetry.	6
6702686313	Blank verse	Name for unrhymed iambic pentameter. An iamb is a metrical foot in which an unstressed syllable is followed by a stressed syllable. In iambic pentameter there are five iambs per line making ten syllables.	7
6702686315	Climax	The turning point in the plot or the high point of action.	8
6702686316	Colloquial language	Informal, conversational language. Colloquialisms are phrases or sayings that are indicative of a specific region.	9
6702686317	Connotation	An idea or meaning suggested by or associated with a word or thing, ie. Bat=evil.	10
6702686318	Convention	An understanding between a reader and a writer about certain details of a story that does not need to be explained.	11
6702686319	Consonance	The repetition of consonant sounds in a phrase or line of poetry. The consonant sound may be at the beginning, middle, or end of the word.	12
6702686320	Couplet	Two rhyming lines in poetry.	13
6702686321	Deus ex machina	Term that refers to a character or force that appears at the end of a story or play to help resolve conflict. Word means "god from a machine." In ancient Greek drama, gods were lowered onto the stage by a mechanism to extricate characters from a seemingly hopeless situation. The phrase has come to mean any turn of events that solve the characters' problems through an unexpected and unlikely intervention.	14
6702686323	Diction	Word choice or the use of words in speech or writing.	15
6702686324	Denouement	The final resolution or clarification of a dramatic or narrative plot.	16
6702686325	Doppelganger	The alter ego of a character-the suppressed side of one's personality that is usually unaccepted by society. ie. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson- Mr. Edward Hyde (hide) is Dr. Jekyll's evil side	17
6702686326	Elegy	A poem or song composed especially as a lament for a deceased person.	18
6702686327	Emotive language	Deliberate use of language by a writer to instill a feeling or visual.	19
6702686328	Enjambment	The continuation of reading one line of a poem to the next with no pause, a run-on line.	20
6702686329	Epic	An extended narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, celebrating the feats of a legendary or traditional hero.	21
6702686330	Epilogue	A short poem or speech spoken directly to the audience following the conclusion of a play, or in a novel the epilogue is a short explanation at the end of the book which indicates what happens after the plot ends.	22
6702686331	Epiphany	Sudden enlightenment or realization, a profound new outlook or understanding about the world usually attained while doing everyday mundane activities.	23
6702686332	Epistolary	Used to describe a novel that tells its story through letters written from one character to another.	24
6702686333	Euphemism	The act of substituting a harsh, blunt, or offensive comment for a more politically accepted or positive one. (short=vertically challenged)	25
6702686334	Euphony	A succession of words which are pleasing to the ear. These words may be alliterative, utilize consonance, or assonance and are often used in poetry but also seen in prose.	26
6702686335	Expansion	Adds an unstressed syllable and a contraction or elision removes an unstressed syllable in order to maintain the rhythmic meter of a line. This practice explains some words frequently used in poetry such as th' in place of the, o'er in place of over, and 'tis or 'twas in place of it is or it was.	27
6702686336	Fable	A usually short narrative making an edifying or cautionary point and often employing as characters animals that speak and act like humans.	28
6702686337	Feminine ending	Term that refers to an unstressed extra syllable at the end of a line of iambic pentameter.	29
6702686338	Figurative language	Speech or writing that departs from literal meaning in order to achieve a special effect or meaning. Speech or writing employing figures of speech.	30
6702686339	Flashback	When a character remembers a past event that is relevant to the current action of the story	31
6702686340	Flat character	A literary character whose personality can be defined by one or two traits and does not change over the course of the story. Flat characters are usually minor or insignificant characters.	32
6702686341	Foil	A character that by contrast underscores or enhances the distinctive characteristics of another.	33
6702686342	Folklore	The traditional beliefs, myths, tales, and practices of a people, transmitted orally.	34
6702686343	Foot	The metrical length of a line is determined by the number of feet it contains. Monometer: One foot Dimeter: Two feet Trimeter: Three feet Tetrameter: Four feet Pentameter: Five feet Hexameter: Six feet Heptameter: Seven feet The most common feet have two to three syllables, with one stressed.	35
6702686344	Iamb	An iambic foot has two syllables. The first is unstressed and the second is stressed. The iambic foot is most common in English poetry.	36
6702686345	Trochee	A trochaic foot has two syllables. The first is stressed and the second is unstressed.	37
6702686346	Dactyl	A dactylic foot has three syllables beginning with a stressed syllable; the other two unstressed.	38
6702686347	Anapest	An anapestic foot has three syllables. The first two are unstressed with the third stressed.	39
6702686348	Foreshadowing	Clues in the text about incidents that will occur later in the plot, foreshadowing creates anticipation in the novel.	40
6702686349	Free verse	Type of verse that contains a variety of line lengths, is unrhymed, and lacks traditional meter.	41
6702686350	Genre	A category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, marked by a distinctive style, form, or content.	42
6702686351	Gothic novel	A genre of fiction characterized by mystery and supernatural horror, often set in a dark castle or other medieval setting.	43
6702686352	Heroine	A woman noted for courage and daring action or the female protagonist.	44
6702686353	Hubris	Used in Greek tragedies, refers to excessive pride that usually leads to a hero's downfall.	45
6702686354	Hyperbole	A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or comic/dramatic effect.	46
6702686355	Illocution	Language that avoids meaning of the words. When we speak, sometimes we conceal intentions or side step the true subject of a conversation. Writing illocution expresses two stories, one of which is not apparent to the characters, but is apparent to the reader. For example, if two characters are discussing a storm on the surface it may seem like a simple discussion of the weather, however, the reader should interpret the underlying meaning-that the relationship is in turmoil, chaos, is unpredictable. As demonstrated the story contains an underlying meaning or parallel meanings.	47
6702686356	Imagery	The use of vivid or figurative language to represent objects, actions, or ideas.	48
6702686357	In medias res	A story that begins in the middle of things.	49
6702686358	Inversion	In poetry is an intentional digression from ordinary word order which is used to maintain regular meters. For example, rather than saying "the rain came" a poem may say "came the rain". Meters can be formed by the insertion or absence of a pause.	50
6702686361	Irony	When one thing should occur, is apparent, or in logical sequence but the opposite actually occurs. Example: A man in the ocean might say, "Water, water everywhere and not a drop to drink."	51
6702686363	Dramatic Irony	When the audience or reader knows something characters do not know	52
6702686364	Verbal Irony	When one thing is said, but something else, usually the opposite, is meant	53
6702686365	Cosmic Irony	When a higher power toys with human expectations	54
6702686366	Masculine ending	Stressed extra syllable at the end of a line.	55
6702686367	Memoir	An account of the personal experiences of an author.	56
6702686368	Meter	The measured arrangement of words in poetry, as by accentual rhythm, syllabic quantity, or the number of syllables in a line.	57
6702686369	Metaphor	A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison; this comparison does not use like or as.	58
6702686371	Metonymy	The use of a word or phrase to stand in for something else which it is often associated. ie. Lamb means Jesus	59
6702686373	Motif	A dominant theme or central idea.	60
6702686374	Narrator	Someone who tells a story. First person: The narrator is a character in the story Third person objective: The narrator does not tell what anyone is thinking; the "fly on a wall" Third person limited: The narrator is able to tell the thoughts of one character Third person omniscient: The narrator is able to tell the thoughts of any character	61
6702686375	Novella	A short novel usually under 100 pages.	62
6702686376	Neutral language	Language opposite from emotive language as it is literal or even objective in nature.Oblique rhyme-Imperfect rhyme scheme.	63
6702686377	Ode	A lyric poem of some length, usually of a serious or meditative nature and having an elevated style and formal stanzaic structure. An ode celebrates something. John Keats is known for writing odes.	64
6702686378	Onomatopoeia	The formation or use of words such as buzz or murmur that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to.	65
6702686379	Paradox	Statement which seems to contradict itself. i.e. His old face was youthful when he heard the news.	66
6702686380	Parody	A literary or artistic work that imitates the characteristic style of an author or a work for comic effect or ridicule. i.e. SNL or Weird Al Yankovich.	67
6702686381	Personification	A figure of speech in which inanimate objects or abstractions are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form.	68
6702686382	Poetic justice	The rewarding of virtue and the punishment of vice in the resolution of a plot. The character, as they say, gets what he/she deserves.	69
6702686383	Prequel	A literary, dramatic, or cinematic work whose narrative takes place before that of a preexisting work or a sequel.	70
6702686384	Prologue	An introduction or preface, especially a poem recited to introduce a play.	71
6702686385	Prose	Ordinary speech or writing without metrical structure, written in paragraph form. Novels and short stories are referred to as prose.	72
6702686386	Protagonist	The main character in a drama or literary work.	73
6702686387	Pun	Play on words, when two words have multiple meanings and spellings and are used in a humorous manner.	74
6702686388	Rhyme	the repetition of sounds in words	75
6702686389	Rhyme scheme	The act of assigning letters in the alphabet to demonstrate the rhyming lines in a poem.	76
6702686390	Rising action	The events of a dramatic or narrative plot preceding the climax.	77
6702686391	Rites of passage	An incident which creates tremendous growth signifying a transition from adolescence to adulthood.	78
6702686392	Round character	A character who is developed over the course of the book, round characters are usually major characters in a novel.	79
6702686393	Resolution	Solution to the conflict in literature.	80
6702686394	Satire	A literary work in which human vice or folly is attacked through irony, derision, or wit; the goal is to change the behavior/issue. Authors known for satires are Jonathan Swift and George Orwell.	81
6702686395	Simile	A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared, often in a phrase introduced by like or as.	82
6702686396	Slang	A kind of language occurring chiefly in casual and playful speech, made up typically of short-lived coinages and figures of speech that are deliberately used in place of standard terms for added raciness, humor, irreverence, or other effect.	83
6702686397	Soliloquy	A dramatic or literary form of discourse in which a character talks to himself or herself or reveals his or her thoughts without addressing a listener. Typical in plays.	84
6702686398	Sonnet	A poem with fourteen lines. An Italian sonnet subdivides into two quatrains and two tercets; while an English sonnet subdivides into three quatrains and one couplet. A volta is a sudden change of thought which is common in sonnets.	85
6702686399	Style	The combination of distinctive features of literary or artistic expression, execution, or performance characterizing a particular person, group, school, or era.	86
6702686400	Symbolism	Something that represents something else by association, resemblance, or convention, especially a material object used to represent something invisible.	87
6702686401	Tragedy	A drama or literary work in which the main character is brought to ruin or suffers extreme sorrow, especially as a consequence of a tragic flaw, moral weakness, or inability to cope with unfavorable circumstances.	88
6702686402	Tone	Reflects how the author feels about the subject matter or the feeling the author wants to instill in the reader.	89
6702895090	allegory	The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning. In some allegories, for example, an author may intend the characters to personify an abstraction like hope or freedom. The allegorical meaning usually deals with moral truth or a generalization about human existence.	90
6702895091	alliteration	The repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words (as in "she sells sea shells"). Although the term is not frequently in the multiple choice section, you can look for alliteration in any essay passage. The repetition can reinforce meaning, unify ideas, supply a musical sound, and/or echo the sense of the passage.	91
6702895092	allusion	A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art. Allusions can be historical, literary, religious, topical, or mythical. There are many more possibilities, and a work may simultaneously use multiple layers of allusion.	92
6702895094	analogy	A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them. An analogy can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with or pointing out its similarity to something more familiar. Analogies can also make writing more vivid, imaginative, or intellectually engaging.	93
6702895095	antecedent	The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun. The AP language exam occasionally asks for the antecedent of a given pronoun in a long, complex sentence or in a group of sentences. A question from the 2001 AP test as an example follows: "But it is the grandeur of all truth which can occupy a very high place in human interests that it is never absolutely novel to the meanest of minds; it exists eternally, by way of germ of latent principle, in the lowest as in the highest, needing to be developed but never to be planted." The antecedent of "it" (bolded) is...? [answer: "all truth"]	94
6702895096	antithesis	the opposition or contrast of ideas; the direct opposite.	95
6702895097	aphorism	A terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle. (If the authorship is unknown, the statement is generally considered to be a folk proverb.) An aphorism can be a memorable summation of the author's point.	96
6702895098	apostrophe	A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. It is an address to someone or something that cannot answer. The effect may add familiarity or emotional intensity. William Wordsworth addresses John Milton as he writes, "Milton, thou shouldst be living at this hour: / England hath need of thee." Another example is Keats' "Ode to a Grecian Urn," in which Keats addresses the urn itself: "Thou still unravished bride of quietness." Many apostrophes imply a personification of the object addressed.	97
6702895099	atmosphere	The emotional nod created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the author's choice of objects that are described. Even such elements as a description of the weather can contribute to the atmosphere. Frequently atmosphere foreshadows events. Perhaps it can create a mood.	98
6702895130	anaphora	A sub-type of parallelism, when the exact repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of successive lines or sentences. MLK used anaphora in his famous "I Have a Dream" speech (1963).	99

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Literature Vocab. Unit 10 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

5248165642	Acumen	(n) keenness of insight; quickness or accuracy of judgment syn: perspicacity, shrewdness, acuity ant: ignorance, stupidity, obtuseness	0
5248169445	Adjudicate	(v) to act as judge in a matter; to settle through the use of a judge or legal tribunal syn: arbitrate, referee, mediate	1
5248173889	Anachronism	(n) a chronological misplacing of events, objects, customs, or persons in regard to each other syn: chronological error	2
5248178495	Apocryphal	(adj) of doubtful or questionable authenticity syn: fictitious, mythical, spurious, bogus ant: authentic, genuine, true	3
5248191064	Disparity	(n) a difference or inequality in age, rank, degree, amount, or quality; a dissimilarity, unlikeness syn: discrepancy, incongruity ant: similarity, likeness, congruity	4
5248196647	Dissimulate	(v) to hide or disguise one's true thoughts, feelings, or intentions syn: pretend, misrepresent ant: reveal	5
5248200281	Empirical	(adj) derived from, dependent upon, or guided by practical experience, observation, or experiment, rather than by theory; so verifiable syn: observed, pragmatic ant: theoretical, hypothetical, conjectural	6
5248207223	Flamboyant	(adj) highly elaborate or ornate; vividly colored; strikingly brilliant or bold syn: ostentatious, florid ant: staid, sedate, decorous, seemly, sober	7
5248212504	Fulsome	(adj) offensively insincere or excessive; disgusting, sickening syn: inordinate, repulsive ant: understand, muted, restrained, agreeable	8
5248217811	Immolate	(v) to kill as a sacrifice, especially by fire; to destroy or renounce for the sake of another syn: kill ant: save, preserve	9
5248220921	Imperceptible	(adj) extremely slight; incapable of being perceived by the senses or the mind syn: minimal, undetectable ant: conspicuous, noticeable, flagrant	10
5248225223	Lackey	(n) a uniformed male servant; a servile follower syn: toady, flunky, hanger-on ant: lord, liege, boss	11
5248229986	Liaison	(n) the contact or means of communication between groups; someone acting as such a contact; any close relationship; a thickening or binding agent used in cooking syn: intermediary, channel	12
5248251087	Monolithic	(adj) characterized by massiveness, solidness, and total uniformity syn: undifferentiated, massive, dense ant: diversified, variform, multifarious	13
5248255679	Mot Juste	(n) the most suitable or exact word or expression ant: misnomer, misusage, malapropism	14
5248262409	Nihilism	(n) a total rejection of existing laws; extreme radicalism ant: conservatism	15
5248265623	Patrician	(n) a member of the ruling class; a person of high rank; (adj) belonging to, befitting, or characteristic of such a person syn: aristocrat, peer, highborn ant: commoner, plebeian	16
5248275882	Propitiate	(v) to make someone or something favorably inclined toward oneself; to conciliate, satisfy, or appease syn: mollify ant: alienate, provoke, annoy	17
5248282986	Sic	(adv) thus so; intentionally written so	18
5248285122	Sublimate	(v) to redirect the energy of a biological or instinctive impulse into a higher or more acceptable channel syn: elevate	19

Powered by Quizlet.com

Ap Government Unit 1 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

6282596617	Elite Thoeries	A belief that certain groups hold disproportionate power in a political system	0
6282596618	Pluralist Theory	A theory of government and politics emphasizing that politics is mainly a competition among groups, each one pressing for its own preferred policies. Because many groups compete, there is not an elite group that dominates. Compromise is common.	1
6282596619	Articles of Confederation	1st Constitution of the U.S. 1781-1788 (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade) Each state retained sovereignty, the ability to act independently of the Confederation. Each state had equal representation in a unicameral (single house) legislature.	2
6282596620	Shays' rebellion	Rebellion led by farmers in western Massachusetts in 1786-1787, protesting mortgage foreclosures. It highlighted the need for a strong national government just as the call for the Constitutional Convention went out.	3
6282596621	Checks and Balances	A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power	4
6282596622	Separation of powers	A way of dividing the power of government among the legislative, executive, and judicial branch to prevent tyranny.	5
6282596623	Popular sovereignty	A government in which the people rule by their own consent.	6
6282596624	Bicameral	A legislature consisting of two parts, or houses with separate rules	7
6282596625	Federalists	Those who favored a stronger national government and weaker state governments. Supported the ratification of the Constitution.	8
6282596626	Anti-Federalist	Those who favored strong state governments and a weaker national government. Advocated for a bill of rights to formally address individual and state rights. Concerned about the concentration of power in a central government under the Constitution.	9
6282596627	Federalism	A system of government in which power and responsibilty is divided between the federal and state governments	10
6282596628	Supremacy clause	Article VI of the Constitution, which makes the Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits. (ex. McCulloch v. Maryland)	11
6282596629	Virginia Plan	Initial proposal at the Constitutional Convention made by the Virginia delegation for a strong central government with a bicameral legislature dominated by the big states.	12
6282596630	New Jersey Plan	Proposal at the Constitutional Convention made by William Paterson of New Jersey for a central government with a single-house legislature in which each state would be represented equally.	13
6282596631	Connecticut or Great Compromise	Compromise agreement by states at the Constitutional Convention for a bicameral legislature with a lower house in which representation would be based on population and an upper house in which each state would have two senators.	14
6282596632	Republican Democracy	Format chosen by Founding Fathers. People vote for representatives who then make laws. People do not vote directly on legislation.	15
6282596633	Three fifths clause	slave counted as 3/5 of a person for population counts to determine how many representatives.	16
6282596634	Federalist Papers	A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under the name "Publius" to defend the Constitution in detail.	17
6282596635	Federalist Paper #10	Written by James Madison to convince people to support the ratification of the constitution. Argued that factions were inevitable but were best controlled by a large republic that employed a Federalist structure. Argued that competition among factions would limit their negative impacts.	18
6282596636	Bill of Rights	A formal statement of the fundamental rights of the people of the United States, incorporated in the Constitution as Amendments 1-10. Satisfied Anti-federalist concerns.	19
6282596637	Elastic clause	AKA the "Necessary and Proper Clause" Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution, which allows Congress to make all laws that are "necessary and proper" to carry out the powers of the Constitution. Has allowed the federal government to expand its power over time.	20
6282596638	Commerce clause	The clause in the Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 1) that gives Congress the power to regulate all business activities that cross state lines or affect more than one state or other nations. Has helped the Federal government expand its power over time.	21
6282596639	Concurrent powers	Powers held jointly by the national and state governments. For example, the powers to tax, pass laws and borrow funds	22
6282596640	cooperative federalism	A system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government.	23
6282596641	Dual Federalism	A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies.	24
6282596642	Expressed Powers/Enumerated powers	Powers the Constitution specifically granted to one of the branches of the national government. Listed explicitly in the Constitution. Ex: right to coin money, declare war, regulate foreign and interstate trade, tax, etc.	25
6282596643	Implied powers	Powers not specifically mentioned in the constitution; Powers inferred from the express powers that allow Congress to carry out its functions. Has Constitutional basis in Necessary and Proper/Elastic Clause	26
6282596644	Inherent powers	powers that exist for the national government because the government is sovereign. Ex: The Louisiana Purchase	27
6282596645	McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)	The court ruled that the states did not have the power to tax the national bank. Used the backing of the Supremacy Clause to argue that states could not interfere with legitimate federal laws	28
6282596646	Reserved Powers	belong to the states and the people; Powers not specifically granted to the federal government or denied to the states. Granted by the 10th Amendment. For example, regulating voting and administering elections at the state level.	29
6282596647	Unitary System	A government that gives all key powers to the national or central government	30
6282596648	Block grants	Federal money given to the states with limited spending guidelines. Allows the states power to decide how to spend funds within relatively loose guidelines. Ex: funds for transportation and state chooses how to allocate.	31
6282596649	Categorical Grants	Federal money given to the states with specific spending guidelines. Gives the federal government the power to decide how funds are spent within the state. Ex: funds for highway repairs, cannot be used for other purposes.	32
6282596650	Devolution	The transfer of power from a high level political office to a lower level; central government to regional, state, or local governments. Example-Welfare Reform Act of 1996	33
6282596651	Gibbons v. Ogden	Commerce clause case (1824). Decision greatly enlarged Congress' interstate commerce clause power by broadly defining the meaning of "commerce" to include virtually all types of economic activity.	34
6282596652	The 10th Amendment	Reserves powers to the states. Has been used successfully by the states to get the federal courts to strike down federal laws that violate this principle.	35
6282596653	1st Amendment	Guarantees many individual rights including the right to expression and freedom of the press, freedom of religion, the right to petition the government, and the right to peaceful assembly.	36
6282596654	The Motor Voter Law	An example of a mandate, an order given by the federal government that states must follow.	37
6282596655	The Americans with Disabilities Act	An example of an unfunded mandate, an order given by the federal government that states must follow and pay for	38
6282596656	Ratification	The Constitutional process by which the states must approve amendments to the Constitution. Three-quarters of the states must approve an amendment before it is ratified and officially becomes part of the Constitution. Another example of federalism in the Constitution's structure.	39
6282596657	Conditions of Aid	Federal rules attached to the grants that states receive. States must agree to abide by these rules in order to receive the grants.	40
6282596658	Constitutional Convention	Meeting held in 1787, originally meant to revise the Articles of Confederation but created a new plan of government instead	41
6282596659	Intrastate commerce	Commerce WITHIN A STATEcommercial activity regulated at the state level	42
6282596660	Interstate commerce	Commerce between different states, can be regulated by Congress.	43
6282596661	Welfare Reform Act	An example of devolution, giving states the authority to determine how to implement Welfare Programs and determine eligibility locally. Still use federal money.	44
6282596662	Political Efficacy	The belief that one's political participation really matters - that one's vote can actually make a difference	45
6282596663	Political Culture	a set of attitudes and practices held by a people that shapes their political behavior. It includes moral judgments, political myths, beliefs, and ideas about what makes for a good society.	46

Powered by Quizlet.com

ap Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

7373572429	Smooth Muscle	The type of muscle tissue that is controlled by the ANS	0
7373575757	Dermatone	an area of the skin supplied by nerve fibers originating from a single spinal nerve root.	1
7373581504	Reflex	The simplest form of nervous activity, which includes a sensory and motor nerve	2
7373586266	ANS	The part of the Nervous System that controls glands, smooth muscle, and the heart.	3
7373590769	GTO	A proprioceptor that is multi-branched with sensory nerve endings in tendons	4
7373618652	Proprioceptor	Structure that senses where the body is and how it moves.	5
7373620758	Peripheral Nerves	Somatic/Spinal Nerves are also known as these.	6
7373629973	Brachial Plexus	C-5. C-6. C-7 nerves are found in this plexus.	7
7373634205	ANS	Parasymapethic and Symapethic Nervous Systems make up this system.	8
7373639570	Somatic Nervous System	This is the part of the nervous system that consists of all nerves that connect the CNS to voluntary muscles and skin.	9
7373647302	Neurotransmitter	These are chemicals that transmit messages or impulses form one neuron to another.	10
7373653122	Afferent Nerves	Carry sensory impulses from a variety of sensory receptors toward the brain or spinal cord.	11
7373662908	Controls glands, muscles, hearts	The ANS functions are:	12
7373670258	Spinal Nerves that form the sciatic plexus divide and merge several collateral nerves.	jdfjf	13
7373670259	Nocioceptors	Detect Pain	14
7373672972	Cervical	Movement of the head, neck and shoulder is this plexus.	15
7373679862	Sciatic	The longest and largest nerve.	16
7373685152	Phrenic	Damage to this nerve will stop the function of the diaphram.	17
7373686938	GTO	Proprioceptor that detects the amount of tension produced by muscle cells.	18
7373691196	Proprioceptors	Annulospiral receptors and GTO's are these.	19
7373694881	CNS	Interprets incoming information and give orders out.	20
7373699894	Autonommic Nervous System	This system is composed of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.	21
7373711383	Peripheral Nervous System	This system is composed of the autonomic and somatic nervous systems.	22
7373718285	Central Nervous System	This nervous system is completely housed and protected in a boney coverage.	23
7373723035	PNS	Consists of motor nerves, sensory nerves, and mixed nerves.	24
7373726496	Somatic	Carries info to and from skeletal muscles and skin.	25
7373730115	Central	Composed of brain and spinal cord	26
7373732759	Sympathetic	Involves a chain of ganglia located along spine.	27
7373745850	Parasympathetic	General function is to conserve energy.	28
7373748409	Peripheral	Composed of the cranial, spinal, and nerve ganglia	29
7373757356	Sympathetic	prepares organism for energy expending and stressful situations	30
7373762537	Para	nerve fibers arise from second, third, fourth, sacral spinal nerves and cranial nerves 3,7,9,10	31
7373772123	Sympathetic	Stimulation causes increased respiration, dilated pupiles, increased heart rate, and cardiace heart rate.	32
7373804301	1	olfactory	33
7373807074	2	optic	34
7373807075	3	ocolumotor	35
7373820932	4	trochlear	36
7373820933	5	trigeminal	37
7373820934	6	abducent	38
7373823351	7	facial	39
7373823352	8	auditory	40
7373823353	9	glassopharyngeal	41
7373826742	10	vagus	42
7373829589	11	spinal assesory	43
7373829590	12	hypoglossal	44
7373833744	facial	movement of face and salivary glands	45
7373836408	olfactory	sens of smells	46
7373840598	toungue movement, swallowing, and sense of taste	glossopharyngeal	47
7373844102	vagus	sensation & movement related to talking, heart rate, breathing and digestion	48
7373849273	Trigeminal	sensation of face and movement of jaw and toungue	49
7373854196	optic	sense of sight	50
7373856497	auditory	sense of hearing	51
7373856498	abducent	eyeball outward	52
7373862794	mechanoreceptors	sense of pressure and vibration	53
7373865922	thermoreceptors	sense of heat and cold	54
7373868490	photoreceptors	rods and cones in the retina	55
7373871555	mechanoreceptors	proprioceptors	56
7373874281	detect light	photorecpetors	57
7373876882	nocioceptors	detect pain	58
7373876883	chemoreceptors	sense of smell and taste	59
7373879778	nocioceptord	respond to tissue damage and extreme stimuli	60
7373883173	mechano	ruffini end organs, pacini corpsuckles, and merkel disc	61
7373887158	mechoncepro	muscle spindle and gto	62

Powered by Quizlet.com

Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History Period 3 Key Terms Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

9290353806	Byzantium	An ancient Greek city on the Bosporus and the sea of Marmora.	0
9290353807	Corpus Juris Civilis	The body of roman or civil law consolidated by Justinian in the 6th century ad.	1
9290357939	Byzantine Empire	The eastern roman empire after the fall of the western empire.	2
9290362340	Justinian I "The Great"	The byzantine emperor who held the eastern frontier of his empire against the Persians and reconquered former roman territories.	3
9290362341	Crusades	Series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule.	4
9290364838	Normans	Member of a Viking people who raided and then settled in the French province later known as Normandy, and who invaded England in 1066.	5
9290369615	Slavs	A member of a group of peoples in central and eastern Europe speaking Slavic languages.	6
9290369616	Viking	A member of a group of peoples in central and eastern Europe speaking Slavic languages	7
9290369617	Rus	Russian.	8
9294647072	Hagia Sophia	A 6th century masterpiece of Byzantine architecture in Istanbul; built as a Christian church, converted to a mosque in 1453	9
9290376790	Leo III	Byzantine emperor (717-741), who founded the Isaurian dynasty, successfully resisted Arab invasions.	10
9294647073	iconoclastic	A person who attacks beliefs or institutions	11
9290380415	theocracy	A system of government in which priest's rule in the name of God or a god.	12
9293789855	patriach	The male head of a family or tribe	13
9293789856	monasteries	A building or buildings occupied by a community of monks living under religious vows.	14
9293791603	Cyril	Slavin written script	15
9293791604	schism	division of a group into opposing factions	16
9293793382	Eastern Orthodox Church	The Christian church ruled by the Byzantine emperor and the patriarchs of various historically significant Christian centers/cities.	17
9293793383	theme system	system divided the Byzantine Empire into different districts that were each led by a general	18
9293793384	Cyrillic alphabet	an alphabet derived from the Greek alphabet and used for writing Slavic languages	19
9293795812	illuminated manuscripts	works written by monks	20
9293802617	Hippodrome	Built by Justinian; A huge stadium; Held athletic events and games	21
9293802618	Oleg	Slavic name meaning holy/sacred; Viking ruler	22
9293802619	Kievan Rus	A collection of city-states, which could govern themselves if they paid tribute to the main ruler	23
9293803950	boyars	Nobles; Ruling Kievan Rus was a council of nobles	24
9293805947	Prince Vladimir I "The Great"	The first great leader of the Golden Age, who oversaw the conversion of Kievan Rus to Christianity	25
9293805948	Constantinople	Capital of Byzantine Empire (Renamed in honor of the emperor)	26
9293808704	Bosporus Strait	The narrow body of water that connects the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara	27
9293903327	Abbasid	of or relating to a dynasty of caliphs who ruled in Baghdad from 750 to 1258	28
9293955687	Baghdad	a city in and the capital of Iraq, in the central part, on the Tigris.	29
9293957487	viziers	a high official in some Muslim countries, especially in Turkey under Ottoman rule.	30
9293958827	Seljuk Turks	noting or pertaining to any of several Turkish dynasties that ruled over large parts of Asia from the 11th to the 13th centuries.	31
9293958828	sultan	a Muslim sovereign	32
9294012488	Mamluks	meaning "property", is an Arabic designation for slaves.	33
9293963047	Cordoba	City in Spain	34
9294013802	Battle of Tours	France, Frankish leader Charles Martel, a Christian, defeats a large army of Spanish Moors, halting the Muslim advance into Western Europe.	35
9294045450	Muhammad	The Arab founder of Islam. Held by Muslims to be the chief prophet of God. He was born in Mecca.	36
9294045451	Bedouins	a nomadic Arab of the desert.	37
9294045452	polygamy	the practice or custom of having more than one wife or husband at the same time	38
9294045453	Allah	Christianity. The Aramaic word for "God" in the language of Assyrian Christians	39
9294047288	Mecca	Mecca is defined as a city in Saudi Arabia that Muslims consider to be a holy city in Islam	40
9294047289	Quran	The sacred text of Islam, considered by Muslims to contain the revelations of God to Muhammad.	41
9294047290	Medina	the old Arab or non-European quarter of a North African town.	42
9294047323	Ka'aba	a cube-shaped building in Mecca, the most sacred Muslim, which is built the black stone believed to have been given by Gabriel to Abraham. Muslims turn in its direction when praying	43
9294049522	People of the Book	the abrahamic peeps // Jews and Christians as regarded by Muslims.	44
9294051219	Five Pillars	The foundation of Islam: profession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, almsgiving, and pilgrimage or hajj.	45
9294051220	jihad	Imposed spiritual and moral obligation on Muslims by requiring them to combat vice and evil. Calls Muslims to struggle against ignorance and unbelief by spreading the word of Islam and seeking converts.	46
9294051221	Ramadan	The ninth month of the Muslim year, during which strict fasting is observed from sunrise to sunset	47
9294051222	shariah	Islamic law, emerged during the centuries after Muhammad and offered detailed guidance on proper behavior in almost every aspect of life.	48
9294053279	Abu Bakr	Most devoted disciples selected by Muhammad advisors to serve as caliph (deputy). Led the Umma as lieutenants or substitute for Muhammad. Became head of state for Islamic community as well as chief judge, religious leader, and military commander.	49
9294055817	Caliph	The chief Muslim civil and religious ruler, regarded as the successor of Muhammad.	50
9294057734	Ali (Muhammad's Son-in-law)	a candidate for caliph when the prophet died. Served briefly as the fourth caliph. But his enemies assassinated him, along with some of his relatives.	51
9294067096	Sunnis	Traditionalists, the most popular branch of Islam; Sunnis believe in the legitimacy of the early caliphs.	52
9294068465	Shias	Islam minority in opposition to the Sunni majority; their belief is that leadership should reside in the line descended from Ali	53
9294068466	Dar al-Islam	The house of Islam, a term for the Islamic world.	54
9294071004	Umayyad Dynasty	Arabic dynasty with its capital at Damascus, marked by a tremendous period of expansion to Spain in the west and india in the east.	55
9294071005	imam	The person who leads prayers in a mosque	56
9294071006	dhows	Indian, Persian, and Arab ships one hundred to four hundred tons, that sailed and traded throughout the Indian ocean basin.	57
9294071106	Alhambra	The complete Arabic form of which was Qalat Al-Hamra , is a palace and fortress complex located in Granada, Andalusia, Spain.	58
9294073217	Omar Khayyam	A Persian polymath, scholar, mathematician, astronomer, philosopher, and poet considered to be one of the most influential thinker.	59
9294078000	Rubaiyat	Quatrains, famous poetry of Omar Khayyam that was later translated by Edward Fitzgerald.	60
9294078001	female infanticide	The deliberate killing of newborn female children.	61
9294078002	dowries	Property or money brought by a bride to her husband on their marriage.	62
9294078003	hijab	A veil worn by Muslim women in the presence of adult males outside of their immediate family, usually covering the head and chest.	63
9294080106	Sufis	Islamic mystic who placed more emphasis on emotion and devotion than on strict adherence to rule.	64
9294080107	Congo River	the second largest river in the world by discharge; essential to Trans-Saharan trade	65
9294082091	Ibn Battuta	a medieval Moroccan traveler and scholar, who is widely recognized as one of the greatest travelers of all time.	66
9294082092	camel saddle	A saddle used on camels for their use in transportation	67
9294084930	eunuchs	a man who has been castrated, especially (in the past) one employed to guard the women's living areas at an oriental court.	68
9294087052	Ali bin Muhammad	leader of the Zanj Rebellion	69
9294125451	Zanj Rebellion	the insurrection is traditionally believed to have involved enslaved blacks (Zanj) that had originally been captured from the East African coast and transported to the Middle East.	70
9294125452	griots	the storytellers in the ancient kingdom of Ghana.	71
9294127141	Indian Ocean trade	a key factor in East-West exchanges throughout history; long distance trade in dhows and sailboats made it a zone of interaction between peoples, cultures, and civilizations stretching from Java in the East to Zanzibar and Mombasa in the West.	72
9294127142	trans-Saharan trade	trade across the Sahara to reach sub-Saharan Africa from the North African coast, Europe and the Levant.	73
9294129283	Timbuktu	a historical city in the West African nation of Mali, which flourished from the trade of salt, gold, ivory, and slaves.	74
9294129284	Gao	a city in Mali and the capital of the Gao Region; it was an important commercial center involved in the trans-Saharan trade.	75
9294129285	Kilwa	a community on an island off the southern coast of present-day Tanzania in eastern Africa; Kilwa's exports were spices, tortoise shell, coconut oil, ivory, aromatic gums, gold and slaves; seized control over the trade of gold at Sofala.	76
9294131020	Swahili city-states	trade routes extended from Somalia to Tanzania into modern day Zaire, along which goods were brought to the coasts and were sold to Arab, Indian, and Portuguese traders.	77
9294133060	Mombasa	home to Kenya's only large seaport, the Kilindini Harbour	78
9294133061	Zanj Coast	was a name used by medieval Muslim geographers to refer to both a certain portion of Southeast Africa (primarily the Swahili Coast), and to the area's Bantu inhabitants.	79
9294135839	Matrilineal descent	a system in which an individual is considered to belong to the same descent group as her or his mother; contrast to the more common pattern of patrilineal descent	80
9294135840	kin-based networks	A network in which society in organized by individual families.	81
9294138559	Kongo Kingdom	Central African state that began trading for the Portuguese around 1500; kings converted into Christianity; suffered from slave trade.	82
9294138560	Ghana	kingdom in west Africa during the 5th - 13th century whose leaders converted to Islam; power and wealth based on control of the trans-Saharan trade.	83
9294138561	Mali	West African kingdom founded in the 13th century by Sundiata; reached its peak during the reign of Mansa Musa.	84
9294138562	Sundiata	founder of the Mali kingdom,	85
9294141646	Mansa Musa	Ruler of the Mali empire (r. 1312 - 1337), led the empire to its peak.	86
9294144091	Mecca	a desert valley in western Saudi Arabia; Islam's holiest city as it's the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammed and the religion	87
9294144093	Songhay	a state that dominated the western Sahel in the 15th and 16th centuries; at peak, it was one of the largest states in African history	88
9294148074	Great Zimbabwe	Large sub-Saharan African kingdom in the fifteenth century.	89
9294150084	Equal-Field system	system of land ownership and distribution in China used from the Six Dynasties to mid-Tang dynasty	90
9294179453	fast-ripening rice	ripens twice a year, which allowed farmers to harvest more crops. allowed China's population to expand	91
9294181139	proto-industrialization	a possible phase in the development of modern industrial economies that preceded, and created conditions for, the establishment of fully industrial societies	92
9294191212	flying cash	Enabled merchants to deposit good or cash at one location and draw the equivalent in cash or merchandise elsewhere in China.	93
9294191213	paper money	legal currency issued on paper; it developed in China as a convenient alternative to metal coins	94
9294191214	magnetic compass	compass based on an indicator (as a magnetic needle) that points to the magnetic north	95
9294192556	rudder	a flat piece, usually of wood, metal, or plastic, hinged vertically near the stern of a boat or ship for steering.	96
9294192557	Chinese junk	a type of ancient Chinese sailing ship that is still in use today. Junks were used as seagoing vessels as early as the 2nd century AD and developed rapidly during the Song dynasty (960-1279	97
9294194115	wood-block printing	technique for printing text, images or patterns used widely throughout East Asia and originating in China	98
9294194116	Nuclear family	consisting of an individual, his or her spouse, and their children.	99
9294195680	sinification	Extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions; typical of Korea and Japan, less typical of Vietnam	100
9294195681	polygyny	polygamy in which a man has more than one wife.	101
9294197814	Xuanxang	that traveling buddhist dude // young Buddhist monk who decided to go to India and visit the holy sites of Buddhism and learn about his faith	102
9294200436	scholar gentry	chinese class created by the marital approach; based on use of logic to resolve theological probelms	103
9294200437	daimyo	Warlord rulers of 300 small states following civil war and disruption of the Ashikaga Shogunate; holdings consolidated into unified and bounded ministates	104
9294200491	Sui Dynasty	The short dynasty between the Han and the Tang; built the Grand Canal, strengthened the government, and introduced Buddhism to China	105
9294205403	Grand Canal	The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire.	106
9294207717	Tang Dynasty	dynasty often referred to as China's Golden age that reigned during 618 - 907 AD; China expands from Vietnam to Manchuria	107
9294207718	Middle kingdom	refers to China because the people believed that their land stood between heaven and Earth	108
9294207758	Silla Kingdom	Independent Korean kingdom in the southeast part of the peninsula defeated Koguryo with the help of their Chinese Tang allies	109
9294210513	tributary system	branch that flows into the main stream	110
9294212432	Song Dynasty	960 - 1279 AD); this dynasty was started by Tai Zu;	111
9294214974	Tang Taizong	(627- 649) He reconquerored the northern and western land that China had since the decline of the Han Dynasty	112
9294237850	Song Taizu	reigned 960-976 C.E.; a junior military officer and was known for his honesty and effectiveness and in 960 his troops proclaimed him emperor	113
9294237851	Chang'an	ancient capital of more than ten dynasties in Chinese history, today known as Xi'an	114
9294239280	Yuan Dynasty	Dynasty in China set up by the Mongols under the leadership of Kublai Khan, replaced the Song (1279-1368)	115
9294239281	Ming Dynasty	A major dynasty that ruled China from the mid-fourteenth to the mid-seventeenth century. It was marked by a great expansion of Chinese commerce into East Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia	116
9294241199	Minamoto clan	Defeated the rival Taira family in Gempei Wars and established military government in 12th-century Japan	117
9294244134	shogon	the supreme military commander of Japan	118
9294246461	samurai	a Japanese warrior who was a member of the feudal military aristocracy	119
9294256809	guerilla warfare	a hit-and-run technique used in fighting a war; fighting by small bands of warriors using tactics such as sudden ambushes	120
9294259261	Kowtow	a former Chinese custom of touching the ground with the forehead as a sign of respect or submission	121
9294259262	Uighurs	A group of Turkic-speakers who controlled their own centralized empire from 744 to 840 in Mongolia and Central Asia.	122
9294261904	foot binding	practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement;	123
9294261905	Li Bo	Most famous poet of the Tang era; blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings.	124
9294261906	Du Fu	poet known for formal writing and social injustice	125
9294264949	Chan (Zen) Buddhism	Known as Zen in Japan; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular with members of elite Chinese society	126
9294264950	Neo Confucianism	he resurgence of Confucianism and the influence of Confucian scholars during the T'ang Dynasty; a unification of Daoist or Buddhist metaphysics with Confucian pragmatism	127
9294267236	Shotoku Taishi	Japanese statesman (572-622) who launched the drive to make Japan into a centralized bureaucratic state modeled on China	128
9294267237	Taiki Reforms	Attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolute Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army.	129
9294269573	Nara	Japanese period (710-794) centered around city of Nara, that was the highest point of Chinese influence.	130
9294269574	Heian	A period in time where cultural development took place. Japan's ideas, traditions, and culture, was influence by Chinese cultures.	131
9294269575	bushido	the code of honor and morals developed by the Japanese samurai	132
9294294548	Dar al-Islam	the area of the world under the rule of Islam, literally, "the home of Islam" or "the home of submission." This is often used by extremists to include areas that used to be part of the Muslim world such as Al-Andalus (Spain) as well as the Muslim world.	133
9294294549	Chola Kingdom	one of the longest-ruling dynasties in the history of southern India. The earliest datable references to this Tamil dynasty are in inscriptions from the 3rd century BCE left by Ashoka, of the Maurya Empire. As one of the Three Crowned Kings of Tamilakam, the dynasty continued to govern over varying territory until the 13th century CE.	134
9294296918	Mahmud of Ghazni	most prominent ruler of the Ghaznavid Empire. He conquered the eastern Iranian lands and the northwestern Indian subcontinent (modern Afghanistan and Pakistan) from 997 to his death in 1030. Mahmud turned the former provincial city of Ghazna into the wealthy capital of an extensive empire which covered most of today's Afghanistan, eastern Iran, and Pakistan, by looting the riches and wealth from the then Indian subcontinent.	135
9294296919	Punjab	a state in North India, forming part of the larger Punjab region. The state is bordered by the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir to the north, Himachal Pradesh to the east, Haryana to the south and southeast, Rajasthan to the southwest, and the Pakistani province of Punjab to the west. The state capital is located in Chandigarh, a Union Territory and also the capital of the neighbouring state of Haryana.	136
9294298970	Delhi Sultanate	a Muslim kingdom based mostly in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for 320 years (1206-1526). Five dynasties ruled over Delhi Sultanate sequentially, the first four of which were of Turkic origin: the Mamluk dynasty (1206-90); the Khilji dynasty (1290-1320); the Tughlaq dynasty (1320-1414); the Sayyid dynasty (1414-51); and the Afghan Lodi dynasty (1451-1526).	137
9294298971	Delhi	a city and a union territory of India. It is bordered by Haryana on three sides and by Uttar Pradesh to the east. It is the most expansive city in India—about 1,484 square kilometres (573 sq mi). Delhi has been continuously inhabited since the 6th century BCE.	138
9294298972	raja	a title for a monarch or princely ruler in South and Southeast Asia.	139
9294302090	Khmers	a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to Cambodia, accounting for approximately 90% of country's 15.2 million people. They speak the Khmer language, which is part of the larger Austroasiatic language family found throughout eastern and central India and Bangladesh, in Southeast Asia, South China and numerous islands in the Indian Ocean.	140
9294302091	Angkor Kingdom	(Khmer Empire) the predecessor state to modern Cambodia ("Kampuchea" or "Srok Khmer" to the Khmer people), was a powerful Hindu-Buddhist empire in Southeast Asia. The empire, which grew out of the former kingdoms of Funan and Chenla, at times ruled over and/or vassalised most of mainland Southeast Asia, parts of modern-day Laos, Thailand, and southern Vietnam.	141
9294304306	Melaka	dubbed "The Historic State", is a state in Malaysia and located in the southern region of the Malay Peninsula, next to the Straits of Malacca.	142
9294304307	proselytizing religion	: the attempt of any religion or religious individuals to convert people to their beliefs, or any attempt to convert people to a different point of view, religious or not.	143
9294306172	Sufis	Muslim ascetics and mystics.	144
9294852102	Ramayana	an ancient Indian epic poem which narrates the struggle of the divine prince Rama to rescue his wife Sita from the demon king Ravana. Along with the Mahabharata, it forms the Sanskrit Itihasa.	145
9294309203	Mahabharata	an epic narrative of the Kurukshetra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the Pandava princes. It also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four "goals of life" or purusharthas. Among the principal works and stories in the Mahabharata are the Bhagavad Gita, the story of Damayanti, an abbreviated version of the Ramayana, and the Rishyasringa, often considered as works in their own right.	146
9294309204	Angkor Wat	a temple complex in Cambodia and the largest religious monument in the world, with the site measuring 162.6 hectares. It was originally constructed as a Hindu temple of god Vishnu for the Khmer Empire, gradually transforming into a Buddhist temple toward the end of the 12th century.[2] It was built by the Khmer King Suryavarman II in the early 12th century in Yaśodharapura, the capital of the Khmer Empire, as his state temple and eventual mausoleum.	147
9294311020	Indian Ocean Basin	the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia on the north, on the west by Africa, on the east by Australia, and on the south by the Southern	148
9294311021	Ocean Calicut	also known as Kozhikode, is a city in the state of Kerala in southern India on the Malabar Coast. It is the largest urban area in the state and 195th largest urban area in the world.	149
9294313084	Spice Islands	an archipelago within Indonesia. They have been known as the Spice Islands due to the nutmeg, mace and cloves that were originally found only there, and the presence of these sparked colonial interest from Europe in the 16th century.	150
9294315372	King Clovis	Clovis was the first king of the Franks to unite all of the Frankish tribes under one ruler.	151
9294315373	Charles Martel	A Frankish statesman and military leader who as Duke and Prince of the Franks and Mayor of the Palace.	152
9294318252	Charlemagne	King of the Franks and united a large part of Europe during the early Middle Ages.	153
9294318253	Empress Wu	A Chinese sovereign who ruled unofficially as empress consort and empress dowager	154
9294318254	Otto I	German king from 936 and emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 962 until his death in 973.	155
9294319852	William the Conqueror	First Norman King of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087.	156
9294319853	Franks	A group of Germanic tribes that inhabited the land between the Lower and Middle Rhine in the 3rd century AD.	157
9294321863	Carolingian Dynasty	A Frankish noble family with origins in the Arnulfing and Pippinid clans of the 7th century AD.	158
9294321886	Holy Roman Empire	A multi-ethnic complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806.	159
9294324488	Vikings	Norse seafarers, speaking the Old Norse language, who raided and traded from their Scandinavian homelands across wide areas of northern, central and eastern Europe, during the late 8th to late 11th centuries.	160
9294324489	Norsemen	The group of people who spoke what is now called the Old Norse language between the 8th and 11th centuries.	161
9294324490	Iceland	A Nordic island nation, is defined by its dramatic landscape with volcanoes, geysers, hot springs and lava fields	162
9294325664	Vinland	The area of coastal North America explored by Norse Vikings, where Leif Erikson first landed in ca. 1000	163
9294325665	Magyars	A nation and ethnic group who speak Hungarian and are primarily associated with Hungary.	164
9294333480	Battle of Tours	fought on October 10, 732 between forces under the Frankish leader Charles Martel and a massive invading Islamic army led by Emir Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi Abd al Rahman, near the city of Tours, France.	165
9294335402	Estates-General	A general assembly representing the French estates of the realm: the clergy (First Estate), the nobles (Second Estate), and the common people (Third Estate).	166
9294335403	estates	An area or amount of land or property, in particular.	167
9294335404	lay investiture controversy	Most significant conflict between Church and state in medieval Europe. At issue was who, the pope or monarchs, had the authority to appoint (invest) local church officials such as bishops of cities and abbots of monasteries	168
9294337253	Magna Carta	A charter of liberties agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215.	169
9294337254	English Parliament	legislature of the Kingdom of England. In 1066, William of Normandy introduced what, in later centuries, became referred to as a feudal system, by which he sought the advice of a council of tenants-in-chief and ecclesiastics before making laws.	170
9294340546	House of Lords	The upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.	171
9294340547	House of Commons	The lower house of the United Kingdom's parliament.	172
9294342687	Hundred Years' War	A series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet, rulers of the Kingdom of England, against the House of Valois, rulers of the Kingdom of France, for control of the Kingdom of France.	173
9294342688	Reconquista	Period of history of the Iberian Peninsula spanning approximately 770 years between the Islamic conquest of Hispania in 710 and the fall of the last Islamic state in Iberia at Granada to the expanding Christian kingdoms in 1492.	174
9294345767	Holy Land	An area roughly located between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea that also includes the Eastern Bank of the Jordan River. Traditionally, it is synonymous with both the biblical Land of Israel and historical Palestine.	175
9294348321	Crusades	Series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church between the 11th and 16th centuries, especially the campaigns in the Eastern Mediterranean with the aim of capturing Jerusalem from Islamic rule.	176
9294350489	Knights Templar	Among the wealthiest and most powerful of the Western Christian military orders	177
9294350490	Lords	someone having power, authority, or influence	178
9294350491	vassals	holder of land by feudal tenure on conditions of homage and allegiance.	179
9294350492	knights	man who served his sovereign or lord as a mounted soldier in armor.	180
9294352847	feudalism	dominant social system in medieval Europe	181
9294352848	serfs	agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate.	182
9294352849	bishops	senior member of the Christian clergy	183
9294355878	pope	the bishop of Rome as head of the Roman Catholic Church.	184
9294355879	priests	ordained minister of the Catholic having the authority to administer certain sacraments.	185
9294357579	primogeniture	right of succession belonging to the firstborn child	186
9294357580	bourgeoisie	middle class,with reference to its perceived materialistic values	187
9294361245	burghers	citizen of a town or city, typically a member of the wealthy bourgeoisie	188
9294361246	lay people	a non-ordained member of a church	189
9294363061	Dialects	particular form of a language that is peculiar to a specific region or social group.	190
9294363062	vernacular languages	dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region.	191
9294366266	University of Paris	That it engaged in higher learning, that it went beyond teaching the Arts	192
9294366267	colleges	an educational institution or establishment, in particular	193
9294366268	Cambridge	famous university founded in 12th century.	194
9294368261	Oxford	NW of London: university, founded in 12th century.	195
9294368262	Salerno Medical School	was the most important source of medical knowledge Western Europe	196
9294369805	Avicenna	Persian polymath regarded as one of the most significant thinkers and writers Islamic Golden Age.	197
9294371621	Renaissance	The humanistic revival of classical art, architecture, literature, and learning	198
9294371622	humanism	outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human	199
9294373807	Dante Alighieri	Italian poet famous for writing the Divine Comedy	200
9294381237	The Divine Comedy	journey through Hell and purgatory and paradise guided by Virgil,Beatrice	201
9294384690	Geoffry Chaucer	English poet, noted for his narrative skill, humor, and insight, particularly in his most famous work, The Canterbury Tales.	202
9294388330	The Canterbury Tales	a collection of 24 stories that runs to over 17,000 lines	203
9294390728	Desiderius Erasmus	Dutch Renaissance humanist, Catholic priest, social critic, teacher, and theologian	204
9294390729	In Praise of Folly	essay written in Latin in 1509 by Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam	205
9294393894	Nicolaus Copernicus	Renaissance mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe	206
9294393895	Petrach	Italian scholar and poet in Renaissance Italy, and one of the earliest humanists.	207
9294395952	Thomas Aquinas	Italian theologian and Doctor of the Church who is remembered for his attempt to reconcile faith	208
9294395953	Scholasticism	the system of theology and philosophy taught in medieval European universities, based on Aristotelian logic and the writings of the early Church Fathers and having a strong emphasis on tradition and dogma.	209
9294398104	Romanesque cathedrals	Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe characterized by semi-circular arches.	210
9294398105	Gothic Cathedrals	Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture.	211
9294399949	gargoyles	A grotesque carved human or animal face or figure projecting from the gutter of a building, typically acting as a spout to carry water clear of a wall.	212
9294399950	flying buttresses	An arch that supports a wall.	213
9294401562	Great Schism	The division or conflict in the Roman Catholic Church and Orthodox Church	214
9294405579	religious orders	A lineage of communities and organizations of people who live in some way set apart from society in accordance with their specific religious devotion.	215
9294415379	Code of Chivalry	The methods of training and standards of behavior for knights in the Middle Ages.	216
9294415380	tournaments	A sporting event in which two knights, or two groups of knights, jousted on horseback with blunted weapons, each trying to knock the other off.	217
9294415381	jousts	Engage in a sports contest in which two opponents on horseback fight with lances.	218
9294451092	Romanesque	Relating to a style of architecture that prevailed in Europe.	219
9294451093	Manors	A unit of land, originally a feudal lordship, consisting of a lord's demesne and lands rented to tenants.	220
9294452406	manorial system	A common way of life in medieval Europe, consisting of a knight in charge of a manor and 15 or more peasant families working to support the manor.	221
9294452407	Hanseatic League	A commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and their market towns.	222
9294452408	guilds	A medieval association of craftsmen or merchants, often having considerable power.	223
9294458029	cartography	making maps man	224
9294458030	Marco Polo	An Italian explorer of the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries	225
9294459504	Longships	A long, narrow warship, powered by both oar and sail, used by the Vikings and other northern European peoples.	226
9294459505	fiefs	An estate of land, especially one held on condition of feudal service.	227
9294461902	three-field system	A system of land cultivation under which the common land is divided into three parts of which one or two in rotation lie fallow in each year and the rest are cultivated.	228
9294461903	horse collar	A horse collar is a part of a horse harness that is used to distribute the load around a horse's neck and shoulders when pulling a wagon or plough.	229
9294461904	stirrups	- Each of a pair of devices attached to each side of a horse's saddle, in the form of a loop with a flat base to support the rider's foot.	230
9294464927	Black Death	The Medieval black plague that ravaged Europe and killed a third of its population.	231
9294464928	cartography	The science or practice of drawing maps.	232
9294467076	Mongols	An East-Central Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia.	233
9294467077	khan	A title given to rulers and officials in central Asia, Afghanistan, and certain other Muslim countries	234
9294476993	Genghis Khan	Founder of the Mongol empire.	235
9294476994	khanites		236
9294481676	Pax Mongolica	The stabilizing effects of the conquests of the Mongol Empire.	237
9294479250	Kara Khitai Empire	A Sinicized Khitan empire in Central Asia.	238
9294481677	Karakorum	A ruined city in central Mongolian People's Republic.	239
9294483933	Golden Horde	Mongol and later Turkicized khanate.	240
9294483934	Moscow	Capital of the Russia.	241
9294483935	Il-khanate	A khanate that formed the southwestern sector of thee Mongol Empire.	242
9294486194	Kublai Khan	Mongol emperor and founder of the Mongol dynasty in China.	243
9294486195	Yuan Dynasty	Dynasty in China set up by the Mongols under the leadership of Kublai Khan, replaced the Song (1279-1368)	244
9294487702	White Lotus Society	A Buddhist sect which later became a secret society.	245
9294487703	Zhu Yuanshang	Founder and first emperor of China's Ming dynasty.	246
9294489595	Ming Dynasty	A major dynasty that ruled China from the mid-fourteenth to the mid-seventeenth century. It was marked by a great expansion of Chinese commerce into East Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia	247
9294489607	Gobi Desert	A large desert region in Asia.	248
9294491747	yurt	A circular tent of felt or skins on a collapsible framework, used by nomads in Mongolia, Siberia, and Turkey.	249
9294491748	siege weapons	A weapon used by the aggressor in siege warfare.	250
9294493193	Mississippian	Composed of a series of urban settlements and satellite villages. Located by the Mississippi River	251
9294493194	Toltec	a member of an American Indian people that flourished in Mexico before the Aztecs.	252
9294493195	Aztec	Native American people who ruled Mexico and the neighboring areas before the Spaniards conquest in the sixteenth century	253
9294495045	tribute system	Was the network of trade and foreign relations between China and its tributaries that helped to shape must of East Asia	254
9294495046	Inca	A south American Indian people living in the Central Andes. They had an absolute monarch	255
9294495047	Pachacuti	Was the ninth Sapa Inca of the Kingdom of Cusco which he transformed into the Inca Empire	256
9294496602	Cahokia	The location where Mississippian culture thrived before European explorers landed	257
9294496603	Tula	Site of ruins and believed to be the ancient Toltec city of Tula	258
9294498613	Tenochitilan	The capital city of the Aztec empire	259
9294498614	Lake Texcoco	Known as where the Aztec empire built the city of Tenochtitlan, which was located on an island within a lake.	260
9294500189	chinampas	is a type of Mesoamerica agriculture which used small, rectangular areas of fertile arable land to grow crops on the shallow lake beds in the Valley of Mexico	261
9294500190	Cuzco	Was the religions and administrative capital of the Inca Empire	262
9294500191	Matrilineal	a system in which an individual is considered to belong to the same descent group as her or his mother; contrast to the more common pattern of patrilineal descent	263
9294503403	mita system	a colonial system in Peru which the Spanish government required Indians to perform periodic forced labor	264
9294507765	Quetzalcoatl	forms parts of Mesoamerica literature and is deity whose names come from the Nahuatl language	265
9294507766	Chichen Itza	the ruins of ancient Mayan city, in central Yucatan state, Mexico. An ancient Mayan city of central Yucatán in Mexico, noted for its extensive well preserved ruins.	266
9294509671	Great Pyramid	is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in Giza	267
9294509672	human sacrifice	is the act of killing one or more human beings, usually as an offering to a deity, as part of a ritual	268
9294511891	Quechua	a language that the Indian people of Peru and parts of Bolivia, Chile, Columbia, and Ecuador speak	269
9294511892	royal ancestor veneration	26. Royal ancestor veneration- To worship the gods and in some religions if you were a king then you were a god so people would worship the gods	270
9294513604	royal ancestor cult	Now it was to worship the ancestors in a funeral	271
9294513605	Inti	a former basic monetary unit of Peru	272
9294513606	huaca	an object that represents something revered, typically a monument of some kind	273
9294515415	quipu	Inca device for recording information, consisting of variously colored threads knotted in different ways.	274
9294515416	Pochteca	were professional, long-distance traveling merchants in the Aztec Empire	275
9293906733	bahgdad	Baghdad is the capital of Iraq.	276
9293910470	viziers	Ottoman equivalent of the Abbasid wazir. Head of the Ottoman bureaucracy and after 5th century more powerful than sultan.	277
9293911983	seljuk turks	noting or pertaining to any of several Turkish dynasties that ruled over large parts of Asia from the 11th to the 13th centuries.	278
9293911984	sultan	a Muslim sovereign (usually Turkish Ottomans)	279
9293913702	mamluks	: meaning "property", is an Arabic designation for slaves	280
9293913703	cordoba	the basic monetary unit of Nicaragua, equal to 100 centavos.	281
9293916511	battle of tours	fought on October 10, 732 between forces under the Frankish leader Charles Martel and a massive invading Islamic army led by Emir Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi Abd al Rahman, near the city of Tours, France.	282
9293916595	muhammad	The Arab founder of Islam. Held by Muslims to be the chief prophet of God. He was born in Mecca.	283
9293919158	Bedouins	a nomadic Arab of the desert.	284
9293923673	polygamy	: the practice or custom of having more than one wife or husband at the same time	285

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP English Language Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

4811824430	Active Voice	uses an easy to picture subject doing something	0
4811831224	Allegory	a work of literature in which the meaning is found out side the text often representing abstract ideas as characters	1
4811838495	Anadiplosis	using the last word of one sentence or clause to begin the next one	2
4811844139	Analogy	a comparison between to seemingly dissimilar things	3
4811850360	Anaphora	repeated words at the beginning of clauses to create meaning	4
4811854568	Anecdote	A brief story used to illustrate a point or claim	5
4811862316	Antimetabolite	ideas in the first half of a clause are reversed and repeated in the second half	6
4811870548	Antithesis	a pair of balanced clauses that are linked by contrast	7
4811875457	Apostrophe	speaking to an abstract quality an absent person or some thing as unreal as if it could answer	8
4811884244	Asyndeton	omitting conjunctions deliberately to speed a line	9
4811889764	Audience	the listener viewer or reader of a text	10
4811892782	Auxesis	words or clauses in ascending order	11
4811896365	Bias	a prejudice or preconceived notion that prevents a person from approaching a topic in a neutral or an objective way	12
4811902976	characterization	the method by which the offer builds or reveals a character it can be direct or indirect	13
4811911465	chiasmus	a pattern of inverted phrases or clauses	14
4811926603	Conceit	a metaphor that compares to very different things using a central parallel	15
4811932730	connotation	meanings or associations that readers have with a word beyond its dictionary definition or denotation often positive or negative they often greatly affect the authors tone	16
4811945528	Deductive Logic	reasoning from one or more statements to reach a logically certain conclusion	17
4811954209	Denotation	a words literal meaning	18
4811958083	Details	words that are used by an author to make something seem real	19

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History Chapter 10 ID terms Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

8041697401	Byzantine Empire	def: Eastern portion of the Roman Empire sig: survived the fall of Rome and retained it's culture	0
8041709233	Justinian	def: 6th century Byzantine Emperor sig: rebuilt Constantinople an codified Roman law	1
8041718193	Constantinople	def: capital of the Byzantine Empire sig: cosmopolitain center of commerce, trade, and culture	2
8041736845	Caeseropapism	def: extreme political system where the emperor also leads the church (like a priest) sig: represented extreme fame in the Byzantine Empire	3
8041751666	Iconoclasm	def: the breaking of images sig: was attempted by the Byzantine Emperor but he fell to suppress Iconoclasm	4
8041772574	Eastern Orthodox	def: Eastern church created after break from Rome sig: was headed by patriarch of Constantinople	5
8041878100	Cyrillic	def: a slave alphabet named after St. Cyril sig: used to convert slaves to orthodox	6
8041897861	Kieran Russ	def: a federation of slave tribes sig: established the city of Kiev	7
8041910343	Vladimir, Prince of Kiev	def: Ruler/Prince of Kiev sig: converted his kingdom to Christian Orthodox	8
8041916270	Visigoths	def: a tribe of Goths in the 5th century sig: invaded Rome in the 5th century	9
8041925516	Franks	def: 6th century German People sig: conquered Gaul and controlled Western Europe	10
8041937270	Lombards	def: 5th century German People sig: invaded Italy and established a society	11
8041949545	Angles & Saxsons	def: 5th century Western Germanic tribe sig: settled Britain in the 5th century	12
8041954864	Carolingian Empire	def: large European empire sig: untied the European tribes	13
8041968471	Holy Roman Empire	def: collection of middle age territories sig: the revival of the Frankish Empire, also a multi-ethnic super-state	14
8042044291	Feudalism	def: a medical social system sig: very prominent during the era of medical Europe	15
8042055999	Roman Catholic Church	def: a branch of Christianity sig: ruled by the pope w/ a hierarchy of bishops and priests	16
8042065190	Investiture Conflict	def: an argument between the pope and the emperor sig: this decided who had the ultimate control of the land	17
8042075440	Guild	def: a medical group of craftsman sig: very influential in society	18
8042081387	Crusades	def: a holy war to reclaim Jerusalem sig: one of the largest and bloodiest wars in history	19
8042092475	Indulgence	def: the redemption of sins in return for money sig: one of the signs of the corruption of the Catholic Church	20
8042106521	Natural Philosophy	def: the study of natural science sig: this was a clear advancement in understanding our world	21

Class Notes

Social Science

Math

Science

Fine Arts

Test Prep

Textbook Notes

Members Only

Forum

Blogs

Textbook Request

AP Literature terms 1 Flashcards

AP Literature Terms #7 Flashcards

AP English Literature Flashcards

AP Literature Vocab. Unit 10 Flashcards

Ap Government Unit 1 Flashcards

ap Flashcards

Flashcards

AP World History Period 3 Key Terms Flashcards

AP English Language Flashcards

AP World History Chapter 10 ID terms Flashcards

Pages

Need Help?

Need Notes?

About Course-Notes.Org

You are here

Pages

Need Help?

Need Notes?

About Course-Notes.Org