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AP Language Terms Flashcards

5198566344	Anaphora	Repetition of words at the beginning of suscsuccessive clauses	0
5198566345	Ellipsis	used to show omitted words or to indicate a pause	1
5198566346	Qualifier	A word or word group that limits the meaning of another word or word group	2
5198566347	Allegory	Story, poem, or picture that's interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning	3
5198566348	Alliteration	Repetition of sounds, especially first letter	4
5198566349	Allusion	Indirect or direct reference to something which is commonly known.	5
5198566350	Ambiguity	Many meanings for a word, phrase, sentence, or passage. Intentional or unintentional	6
5198566351	Analogy	Similarity/comparison between two different things. can explain something unfamiliar	7
5198566352	Antecedent	Referred to by pronoun. For example, when saying "it" the ... is what it is referring to	8
5198566353	Antithesis	The opposite or contrast of ideas. The exact opposite	9
5198566354	Aphorism	Observational statement that contains a general truth ( if it ain't broke, don't fix it)	10
5198566355	Apostrophe	Addresses imaginary/unrealistic person or object. It addresses something that can't answer	11
5198566356	Atmosphere	Tone, ambience, mood of the environment.	12
5198566357	Clause	Sentence with predicate and subject.	13
5198566358	Colloquialism	Slang in speech or writing not generally acceptable for formal writings creates familiar tone	14
5198566359	Conceit	Analogy/metaphor that's longer and more complicated	15
5198566360	Connotation	suggested meaning of word. May involve ideas, emotions	16
5198566361	Denotation	The literal definition of a word. ex; knife the ... is a sharp object that cuts. The connotation; is fear, violence.	17
5198566362	Diction	Writers word choice. What is it complements authors purpose.	18
5198566363	Didactic	Word to teach, especially moral principle	19
5198566364	Euphemism	Substitute word that's too harsh/inappropriate/ blunt when referring to something unpleasant	20
5198566365	Extended metaphor	Developed metaphor, longer than normal	21
5198566366	Figurative language	Imaginative speech. Writing or speech that's not literal	22
5198566367	Figure of speech	Helps carry figurative language, clearly (hyperbole, personification)	23
5198566368	Genre	Category for every literary work	24
5842621323	Tautology	Repetition of an idea, statement or word (a beginner who has just started)	25
5842621324	Homily	The term means sermon but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice	26
5842621325	Hyperbole	A figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement. often have a comic effect they sometimes produce irony but they can sometimes be serious	27
5842621326	Imagery	The sensory details used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions	28
5842621327	Inference/infer	a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning.	29
5842621328	Invective	Insulting, abusive, or highly critical language	30
5842621329	Irony	the expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect.	31
5842621330	Verbal irony	When the words literally state the opposite of the writers or speakers meaning	32
5842621331	Situational Irony	When events turn out the opposite of what was expected; when what the characters and readers think ought to happen is not what does happen	33
5842621332	Dramatic irony	When facts or events are unknown to a character in a play or piece of fiction but no one to the reader, audience, or other characters in the work	34
5842621333	Litotes	ironic understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by the negative of its contrary (e.g., you won't be sorry, meaning you'll be glad ).	35
5842621334	Loose sentence	the main idea (independent clause) is elaborated by the successive addition of modifying clauses or phrases.	36
5842621335	Metaphor	A figure of speech using implied comparison of unlike things or the substitution of one for the other, suggesting some similarity. Can create imagery	37
5842621336	Metonymy	Figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it	38
5842621337	Mood	The prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of work	39
5842621338	Narrative	The telling of the story or an event or series of events	40
5842621339	Onomatopoeia	Figure of speech in which sounds are imitated with words. Some examples are words like buzz, hum, or crack.	41
5842621340	Oxymoron	Author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox	42
5842621341	Paradox	Self-contradictory or opposed common sense but contain some degree of truth	43
5842621342	Parallelism	The grammatical or rhetorical placement of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give similarity	44
5842621344	Pedantic	Adjective that is descriptive and is overly academic or show-offy	45
5842621345	Periodic sentence	Opposite of loose sentence. Shows the main clause at the end of the sentence.	46
5842621346	Personification	Figure of speech when the writer gives concepts animals or inanimate objects human attributes or emotions	47
5842621347	Wit	Language that surprises and delights but is still intellectual	48
6297761810	Point of view	The perspective from which a story is told	49
6297761811	1st person	Tells story with first person pronoun "I" and is a character in the story.	50
6297761812	3rd person	Uses pronouns "he" "she" "it"	51
6297761813	3rd person omniscient	Narrator. Knows feeling and thoughts of any or all charcters	52
6297761814	3rd person limited	Feeling and thoughts of only one character. Only actions of other characters	53
6297761815	Prose	Major divisions of genre. Refers to fiction and nonfiction	54
6297761816	Repetition	The duplication exact or approximate of language such as sound, word, phrase, clause,sentence, or grammatical pattern	55
6297761817	Rhetoric	Principles of governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively.	56
6297761818	Exposition (mode)	Explain and analyze information by presenting an idea, relevant evidence, and appropriate discussion	57
6297761819	Argumentation (mode)	Prove a point by presenting sound reasoning, discussion, and argument that thoroughly convinced the reader	58
6297761820	Description (mode)	Re-create, invent, or visually represent a person, place, event or action so that the reader can picture that being described	59
6297761821	Narration (mode)	Tell a story or narrate an event or series of events.	60
6297761822	Sarcasm	Involves better, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something	61
6297761823	Satire	The use of irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize someone's stupidity	62
6297761824	Syllogism	Logic that presents two pieces of evidence that lead to a conclusion	63
6297761825	Symbol	Anything that represents itself and stands for something else.	64
6297761826	Natural symbol	Objects/occurrences from nature symbolize ideas commonly associated with them.	65
6297761827	Conventional symbol	A symbols meaning that has been constantly used by a group (star of David: Jewish)	66
6297761828	Literary symbol	They are found in a variety of works and are more generally recognized.	67
6297761829	Synecdoche	Figure of speech when a part of of something is used to represent the whole or vice versa. Ex: refer to car as wheels.	68
6297761830	Synesthesia	When one kind of sensory stimulus calls to mind another	69
6297761831	Syntax	The way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences.	70
6297761832	Theme	The central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life.	71
6297761833	Thesis	Is the sentence or group of sentences that directly expresses authors purpose, meaning or position.	72
6297761834	Tone	Describes authors attitude toward his material.	73
6297761835	Transition	Word or phrase that links different ideas	74
6297761836	Understatement	Presents something as less significant than it is	75

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AP Language - Rhetorical Strategies Flashcards

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4721966196	analogy	a similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them explains something unfamiliar by associating it to something familiar	0
4721967925	metaphor / simile	figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one for the other suggesting some similarity.	1
4721970347	hyperbole	figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement	2
4721970759	understatement	the ironic minimizing of fact presents something as less significant than it is. effect can be humorous and emphatic. opposite of hyperbole.	3
4721971690	imagery	the sensory details of figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions. uses terms related to 5 senses.	4
4721975209	alliteration	repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words	5
4721975760	allusion	direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book myth, place or work of art. can be historical, literary, religious, topical, or mythical.	6
4721977103	anaphora	repetition device in which the same expression (word(s)) is repeated at the beginning of two or more lines, clauses, or sentences	7
4721979158	repetition	the duplication of any element of language such as a sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern	8
4721979667	parallelism	refers to grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity	9
4721980492	tone	describes author's attitude toward his material, audience, or both	10
4721980925	undertone	attitude that may lie under the ostensible tone of the piece	11
4721981156	connotations	the nonliteral, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning may involve ideas, emotions, or attitudes	12
4721982042	apostrophe	a figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. it is an address to someone or something that cannot answer.	13
4721983293	diction	related to style; refers to the writer's word choices, especially with regard to their correctness, clearness, or effectiveness.	14
4721984030	irony	the contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant. The difference between what appears to be and what actually is true.	15
4721985003	paradox	a statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity	16
4721985642	anecdote	a short narrative dealing with particulars of an interesting episode or event; refers to an incident in the life of a person	17
4721986851	metonymy / synecdoche	a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it / a substitution of a part for a whole	18
4721988170	satire	a work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and conventions for reform and ridicule. can be recognized by many devices used effectively by satirist: irony, wit, parody, caricature, hyperbole, understatement, and sarcasm.	19
4721989860	sarcasm	involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something	20
4721990458	invective	an emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language	21
4721991091	parody	a work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect an/or ridicule. As comedy, parody distorts or exaggerates distinctive features of the original. As ridicule, it mimics the work by repeating and borrowing words, phrases, or characteristics in order to illuminate weaknesses in the original	22
4721993639	personification	a figure of speech in which the author presents or describes concepts, animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions.	23
4721994543	style	an evaluation of the sum of choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other literary devices	24
4721995779	symbol / symbolism	anything that represents itself and stands for something else; usually a symbol is something concrete - such as an object, action, character, or scene - that represents something more abstract	25
4721996703	syntax	the way an author chooses to join words into phrases and sentences	26

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Redfern - AP World History Chapter 16 (Strayer) Flashcards

Atlantic Revolutions And Their Echoes

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6063370988	North American Revolution	1750-1914 : Successful Rebellion conducted by the colonists of parts of North America (Not Canada) against British rile (1775-1787); a conservative revolution whose success assured property rights but established republican government in place of monarchy.	0
6063370989	French Revolution	1750-1914 : Massive dislocation of French society (1798-1815) that overthrew the monarchy, destroyed most of the French aristocracy, and launched radical reforms of society. This revolution was much more violent, far-reaching and radical character than its American counterpart.	1
6063370990	Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen	1750-1914 : A document drawn up by the French National Assembly in 1789 that proclaimed the equal rights of all men; the declaration ideologically launched the French revolution. It forthrightly declared that "men are born and remain free and equal in rights".	2
6063370991	Napoleon Bonaparte	1750-1914 : French head of state from 1799 until his abdication in 1814 (and again briefly in 1815) he preserved much of the French Revolution under an autocratic system and was responsible for the spread of revolutionary ideals through his conquest of much of Europe.	3
6063370992	Haitian Revolution	1750-1914 : The only fully successful slave rebellion in World History; the uprising in the French Caribbean colony of Saint Dominque (later renamed Haiti) was sparked by the French Revolution and led to establishment of an independent state after a long and bloody war (1791-1804).	4
6063370993	Spanish American Revolutions	1750-1914 : Series of risings in the Spanish colonies of Latin America (1810-1826) that established the independence of new states from Spanish rule but that for the most part retained the privileges of the elites despite efforts at more radical social rebellion by the lower classes. Took place in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies of the mainland.	5
6063370994	Abolitionist Movement	1750-1914 : An international movement that between approximately 1780 and 1890 succeeded in condemning slavery as morally repugnant and abolishing it in much of the world.	6
6063370995	Nationalism	1750-1914 : The focusing of citizens loyalty on the notion that they are part of a "nation" with a unique culture, territory, ad destiny; first became a prominent element of political culture in the nineteenth century. Nationalists hoped to do away with disunity and foreign rule; and feminists tried to end, or at least migrate, male dominance. Proved to be an infinitely flexible and enormously powerful idea in the nineteenth-century Atlantic world and beyond	7
6063370996	Vindication of the Rights of Women	1750-1914 : Feminists tried to end, or at least migrate, male dominance. Proved to be an infinitely flexible and enormously powerful idea in the nineteenth-century Atlantic world and beyond	8
6063370997	Maternal Feminism	1750-1914 : A movement that claimed that women have value in society not because of an abstract notion of equality - they have a right to engage in civil and political life because of their duty to watch over the future of their children.	9
6063370998	Elizabeth Cady Stanton	1750-1914 : She was the leading figure of the early women's rights movement in the United States (1815-1902). She published a women's bible eliminating the parts she found offensive.	10
6063370999	Mercantilism	Policy of using colonies for raw materials while manufacturing goods at home. Triangle Trade is a great example of this.	11
6063371000	Triangle Trade	Movement of manufactured goods from Europe to Africa, Slaves from Africa to the Americas, and Raw materials from the Americas back to Europe.	12

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AP World History "-Isms" Flashcards

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6309647690	Absolutism	a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)	0
6309647691	Anarchism	a political theory favoring the abolition of governments	1
6309647692	Anti-Semitism	policies, views, or actions that harm or discriminate against Jews	2
6309647693	Chartism	the principles of a body of 19th century English reformers who advocated better social and economic conditions for working people	3
6309647694	Colonialism	-The practice of having and running colonies.	4
6309647695	Cubism-	the most influential artistic movement of the 20th century "Pablo Piccasso" typifies the form. Multi-veiw-point and three dimensional representations of objects, sometimes disassembled and reassembled in abstract ways.	5
6309647696	Dadaism	a nonsensical form of mostly visual arts that became popular beginning around 1916 as a response to the horrors of WWI.	6
6309647697	New Imperialism	Historians' term for the late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century wave of conquests by European powers and the United States, which were followed by the development and exploitation of the newly conquered territories.	7
6309647698	Owensim	Utopian socialist philosophy of 19th century social reformer ______ ________ and his followers and successors. Aimed for radical reform of society and is considered a forerunner of the cooperative movement.	8
6309647699	Pan-Slavism	A movement to promote the independence of Slav people. Roughly started with the Congress in Prague; supported by Russia. Led to the Russo-Turkish War of 1877.	9
6309647700	Positivism	the form of empiricism that bases all knowledge on perceptual experience (not on intuition or revelation)	10
6309647701	Communism	a theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state.	11
6309647702	Conservatism	a political or theological orientation advocating the preservation of the best in society and opposing radical changes	12
6309647703	Racism	discriminatory or abusive behavior towards members of another race	13
6309647704	Corporatism	a political system in which interest groups become an institutionalized part of the state or dominant political party;public policy is typically the result of negotiations among representatives of the state and key interest groups	14
6309647705	Realism	This was the new style of literature that focused on the daily lives and adventures of a common person. This style was a response to Romanticism's supernaturalism and over-emphasis on emotion	15
6309647706	Revisionism	Socialist thought that disagreed with Marx's formulation; believed that social and economic progress could be achieved through existing political institutions.	16
6309647707	Deism	The religion of the Enlightenment (1700s). Followers believed that God existed and had created the world, but that afterwards He left it to run by its own natural laws. Denied that God communicated to man or in any way influenced his life.	17
6309647708	Empiricism	the view that (a) knowledge comes from experience via the senses, and (b) science flourishes through observation and experiment.	18
6309647709	Existentialism	A philosophy that values human freedom and personal responsibility. A few well known _______ writers are Jean-Paul Satre, Soren Kierkegaard ("the father of _______"), Albert Camus, Freidrich Nietzche, Franz Kafka, and Simone de Beauvoir.	19
6309647710	Romanticism	An artistic and intellectual movement originating in Europe in the late 18th Century and characterized by a heightened interest in nature, emphasis on the individual's expression of emotion and imagination, departure from the attitudes and forms of classicism, and rebellion against established social rules and conventions.	20
6309647711	Social Darwinism	The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion.	21
6309647712	Socialism	a theory or system of social organization that advocates the vesting of the ownership and control of the means of production and distribution, of capital, land, etc., in the community as a whole.	22
6309647713	Utilitarianism	The theory, proposed by Jeremy Bentham in the late 1700s, that government actions are useful only if they promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people.	23
6309647714	Zionism	A worldwide movement, originating in the 19th century that sought to establish and develop a Jewish nation in Palestine. Since 1948, its function has been to support the state of Israel.	24
6309647715	Fabianism	a British intellectual socialist movement, whose purpose is to advance the principles of Social democracy via gradualist and reformist, rather than revolutionary means. It is best known for its initial ground-breaking work beginning late in the 19th century and continuing up to World War I. The society laid many of the foundations of the Labour Party and subsequently affected the policies of states emerging from the decolonisation of the British Empire, especially India.	25
6309647716	Fascism	A system of government characterized by strict social and economic control and a strong, centralized government usually headed by a dictator. First found in Italy by Mussolini.	26
6309647717	Feminism	the belief that women should possess the same political and economic rights as men	27
6309647718	Fourierism	founded by Charles Fourier. he believed that the industrial order ignored the passionate side of human nature. Social discipline ignored all the pleasures of human being naturally seek. He advocated phalanxes in which agrarian labor dominated and people could rotate tasks throughout the day	28
6309647719	Humanism	an intellectual movement at the heart of the Renaissance that focused on education and the classics	29
6309647720	Imperialism	A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically.	30
6309647721	Isolationism	a policy of non-involvement in foreign affairs	31
6309647722	Impressionism	Major Western artistic style that gained prominence in the second half of the 1800s and into the 1900s.Against Realism, visual impression of a moment, style that seeks to capture a feeling or experience, often very colorful.	32
6309647723	Jansenism	A branch of Catholicism which resembled Protestantism. Emphasized need for God's grace in achieving salvation and the importance of original sin. Louis XIV took special actions to restrict the rights of this group and force them underground.	33
6309647724	Liberalism	A political ideology that emphasizes the civil rights of citizens, representative government, and the protection of private property. This ideology, derived from the Enlightenment, was especially popular among the property-owning middle classes.	34
6309647725	Mannerism	Artistic movement against the Renaissance ideals of symetry, balance, and simplicity; went against the perfection the High Renaissance created in art. Used elongated proportions, twisted poese and compression of space.	35
6309647726	Marxism	the economic and political theories of ______ __________and Friedrich Engels that hold that human actions and institutions are economically determined and that class struggle is needed to create historical change and that capitalism will untimately be superseded	36
6309647727	Mercantilism	an economic system (Europe in 18th C) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests	37
6309647728	Militarism	a political orientation of a people or a government to maintain a strong military force and to be prepared to use it aggresively to defend or promote national interests	38
6309647729	Modernism	practices typical of contemporary life or thought	39
6309647730	Nationalism	love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it	40
6309647731	Nazism	a form of socialism featuring racism and expansionism, The doctrines of nationalism, racial purity, anti-Communism, and the all-powerful role of the State. The National Socialist German Workers Party encouraged this and it was advocated by Adolf Hitler in Germany.	41
6309647732	Daoism	Chinese philosophy based on the teachings of Laozi; taught that people should turn to nature and give up their worldly concerns	42
6309647733	Confucianism	the system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct	43
6309647734	Legalism	In China, a political philosophy that emphasized the unruliness of human nature and justified state coercion and control. The Qin ruling class invoked it to validate the authoritarian nature of their regime	44
6309647735	Animism	Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life.	45
6309647736	Zoroastrianism	A religion originating in ancient Iran. It centered on a single benevolent deity-Ahuramazda, Emphasizing truth-telling, purity, and reverence for nature, the religion demanded that humans choose sides between good and evil	46
6309647737	Federalism	A system of government in which a written constitution divides power between a central, or national, government and several regional governments	47
6309647738	Centralism	denotes the concentration of a government's power into a centralized government. This takes away some of the powers of the states and puts more power into the hands of the executive leader	48
6309647739	Feudalism	A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land	49
6309647740	Protectionism-	government policy of insulating domestic industries from the world market through import tariffs and taxes.	50
6309647741	Manorialism	An economic system based on the manor and lands including a village and surrounding acreage which were administered by a lord. It developed during the Middle Ages to increase agricultural production.	51
6309647742	Radicalism	a political philosophy that emphasizes the need to find and eliminate the basic injustices of society; seek what they consider the roots of the economic, political, and social wrongs of society and demand immediate and sweeping changes to wipe them out; a belief that rapid, dramatic changes need to be made to existing society, usually think current system cannot be saved and must be overturned	52
6309647743	Protestantism	- religions born of protests to the practices of Catholicism	53