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Biochemistry Flashcards

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5942760960What happens in condensation reaction?water molecule is removed from two monomers0
5942768008Examples of monomers (3)simple sugar, amino acid, fatty acid1
5942771463Examples of macromolecule (3)protein, DNA (or RNA), lipid2
5942799464Smallest living unit of an organismcell3
5942809646These structures lack a nucleus or organelles (bacteria)prokaryotes4
5942811968These structures have a nucleus and organelles (plants/animals)eukaryotes5
5942821828Where in the cell is protein made?RER6
5942839421Site in a cell for synthesis and metabolism of lipidsSER7
5942843198Cell structure that processes and packages macromoleculesGolgi apparatus8
5942846281Cell structure that contains digestive enzymes ("garbage men of the cell")lysosomes9
5942894829What form of protein, carbs, and fats are absorbable by intestine, respectively? (3)amino acids, monosaccharides, fatty acids/glycerol10
5942922124Functions of salivary glands (4)moisten food, clean teeth, dissolve molecules, digest11
5942928122Functions of stomach (2)digestion, secret acids, mucus, and digestive enzymes12
5942943540How many liters of gastric juice is produced by the stomach each day?2-3L13
5942951963Inactive precursor of active enzyme pepsin; chops protein into small fragments (activated by HCl or pepsin)pepsinogen14
5942960752HCl helps to activate _______________, break down _____________ ___________, destroy ______________, and denature ______________pepsinogen, connective tissue, pathogens, proteins15
5942968204How does the stomach protect itself from HCl and pepsin? (3)mucus coat, rapid replacement of cells, tight junctions between cells16
5942977246This is essential to the absorption of Vitamin B12; only indispensable function of the stomachintrinsic factor17
5942991794Gastrin is secreted by ________ in gastric gland into the ________G cells, blood18
5942997237Gastrin stimulates secretion of _____, and the motility of _________ ____________.HCl, large intestine19
5943004463Three stages of gastric secretioncephalic, gastric, intestinal20
5943008201First stimulation of cephalic phasesight/smell of food21
5943021969Gastric phase stimulated by what?food in stomach22
5943046495Intestinal phase: after entering small intenstines, chyme inhibit gastric secretion and mobility via... (2)enterogastric reflex, local hormones (secretin, CCK, GIP)23
5943053414When acid in the intestine stops G-cells from secreting gastrin thus slowing or stopping gastric motilityenterogastric reflex24
5943086626When no chyme is in the small intestine, the ______________ sphincter is closed. Bile flows into the ____________.hepatopancreatic, gallbladder25
5943090621Functions of gallbladder (2)store bile, absorb water26
5943100731Bile acids and phospholipids are reabsorbed in the ileum and returned to the liver via __________ ______________.enterohepatic circulation27
5943115020Secretes pancreatic juice into duodenum through the pancreatic ductpancreas28
5943124431Endocrine functions of pancreassecrete hormones into blood (long-term control of digestion)29
5943131516Pancreas secretes ______________ mL of pancreatic juice per day (empties into duodenum)1200-150030
5943140045Pancreatic juice is an __________ mixture containing... (3)alkaline; sodium bicarb, digestive enzymes and zymogens31
5943158807The _________ _______ stimulates pancreatic secretionvagus nerve32
5943164711Chyme with acid and fat stimulate the duodenal mucosa to secrete __________CCK33
5943167053CCK is responsible for relaxation of __________________ ____________, contraction of _______________, and secretion of _____________ ________hepatopancreatic sphincter, gallbladder, pancreatic juices34
5943179564During the intestinal phase, acidic chyme stimulates the duodenum to release _______secretin35
5943184487Nutrients pass into the _________ though small intestine wallsbloodstream36
5943186864These activate zymogens and complete digestion of carbs and proteinsbrush border enzymes37
5943199415Duodenum endocrine cells secret _____ and _______ in the bloodCCK, secretin38
5943208096Process in which molecules move from region of higher concentration to one of lower concentrationpassive diffusion39
5943216790Transport of solute molecules to higher concentrationsactive transport40
5943224879Transport of molecules across a cell's membrane via specific integral proteinsfacilitated diffusion41
5943240942Most digestible carb is ______, begins in the mouth by _________ _______. Full digestion of this carb occurs in the ______ ___________.starch, salivary amylase, small intestine42
5943252352What is glucose absorbed by?SGLT43
5943257400Proteins are digested by what 2 things?proteases and peptidases44
5943259634Protein digestion starts in the __________ and continues in the _________ ____________.stomach, small intestine45
5943268605Lipids are digested by enzymes called ___________, broken up by ______ ________ in bile.lipases, bile salts46
5943277416When lipase digests fats, the products are (2)FFAs and a glycerol47
5943287343Most common type of movement of the small intestine; followed by ___________segmentation, peristalsis48
5943294101Functions of large intestine (2)concentrate waste, bacterial digestion49
5943308309Neural control of defecation (3)filling rectum, relaxation of internal sphincter, voluntary relaxation of external sphincter50
59624696313 fates for foodsenergy to cells, synthesize structures, stored as fat51
5962474994The totality of an organism's chemical reactionsmetabolism52
5962480653A metabolic pathway begins with a specific __________ (starting molecule) and ends with a _____________.reactant, product53
5962487079Each step of metabolism is controlled by a(n) ____________.enzyme54
5962503417____________ reactions use ATP to combine smaller molecules, such as glucose, into larger compounds, such as glycogen, and release small amounts of heat.anabolic55
5962506737____________ reactions break down larger molecules into smaller compounds and release energy in the form of heat.catabolic56
5962511206Where is potential energy stored?bonds57
5962513696Type of energy: release of energy from bondschemical58
5962527133The study of energy transformationsthermodynamics59
5962531759In a closed system, such as that approximated by liquid in a thermos is what?isolated from surroundings60
5962534012In an open system, energy and matter can be transferred between ___________ and ____________.system and surroundings61
5962550724Energy transferred in the food chain: only 10% is actually transferred, the rest is lost as heat...what is this known as?10% rule62
5962554027A measure of disorder or randomnessentropy63
5962569592Only processes with a ___________ are spontaneousnegative (delta) G64
5962579255When delta G < 0spontaneous (exergonic), wont require energy65
5962582213When delta G > 0non spontaneous (endergonic), will require energy66
5962586308When delta G = 0equilibrium67
5962597079The energy available for doing workfree energy68
5962600680Chemical reactions that release free energyexergonic (spontaneous)69
5962603518Chemical reactions that require input of free energyendergonic (non-spontaneous)70
5962618049Three main kinds of work that a cell doesmechanical, transport, chemical71
5962622481To do work, cells manage energy resources by _________ __________.energy coupling72
5962647159How is a bond broken?activation energy73
5962650925________ can lower activation energycatalysts74
5962659214________ reduce the amount of activation energy required for a reaction to proceed.enzymes75
5962663495Cofactors and coenzymes are _________________ helpers.nonenzyme76
5962679642An enzyme works by binding with _________ at the ________ _______. This forms a ___ _________.substrates, active site, ES complex77
5962693221The active site on an enzyme can lower an activation energy barrier by orienting ___________ correctly, straining ____________ ________, and providing a favorable __________________substrate, substrate bonds, microenvironment78
5962702336An enzyme's activity can be affect by ____ and ____________.pH and temp79
5962709809These bind to the active site of an enzyme, competing with the substrate.competitive inhibitors80
5962715724These bind to another part of an enzyme (not the active site), causing the enzyme to change shape and makes the active site less effective.noncompetitive inhibitors81
5962739456__________ ____________ is the term used to describe cases where a protein's function at one site is affected by binding of a regulatory molecule at another site (can either inhibit or stimulate an enzyme's activity)allosteric regulation82
5962749802A form of allosteric regulation that can amplify enzyme activitycooperativity83
5962757572In ____________ _____________, the end product of a metabolic pathway shuts down the pathway (prevents a cell from wasting resources by making more product than is needed)feedback inhibition84
5962767825Loss of electrons is _________oxidation85
5962767826Gain of electrons is _________reduction86
5962774022Which energy system is used for quick bursts of work?phosphagen87
5962779112Which energy system is for ~1-1.5 minutes of work; no oxygen is neededanaerobic88
5962782911Which energy system is for more than 3 minutes of work; oxygen neededaerobic89
5962795901Phosphagen energy system: maximal rate of ATP production, capacity to make ATPvery fast, very limited90
5962799542Anaerobic energy system: maximal rate of ATP production, capacity to make ATPfast, limited91
5962801901Aerobic energy system: maximal rate of ATP production, capacity to make ATPvery slow, unlimited92

Introduction to Medical Billing & Coding Flashcards

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4288610098WHOWorld Health Organization0
4288610099ICDInternational Classification of Diseases1
4288610100Who developed ICD to:collect data for statistical purposes2
4288610101CPTCurrent Procedural Terminiology3
4288610102CPT was developed by...American Medical Association4
4288610103AMAAmerican Medical Association5
4288610104Medicarefederal health insurance program for people who are 65 or older, certain younger people with disabilities, and people with End-Stage Renal Disease6
4288610105MedicaidA joint federal and state program that helps low-income individuals or families pay for the costs associated with long-term medical and custodial care, provided they qualify.7
4288610106Medicaid is funded by ....funded by the federal government, Medicaid is run by the state where coverage may vary.8
4288610107Medicaid is run by...funded by the federal government, Medicaid is run by the state where coverage may vary.9
4288610108HIPAAHealth Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 199610
4288610109HIPAA regulatesandates regulations that govern privacy, security, and electronic transaction standards for health care information11
4288610110PIPPersonal Injury Protection12
4288610111PIPReimburses medical expenses for covered individuals, regardless of fault, for treatment due to an auto accident.13
4288610112Disability Insuranceoffers income protection to individuals who become disabled for a long period of time, and as a result can no longer work during that time period14
4288610113Disability insurance is managed bySocial Security15
4288610114Disability insurance is paid ifWas under the care and treatment of a licensed provider during initial disability and continues care with the same16
4288610115OSHAOccupational Safety and Health Administration17
4288610116OSHA protectsprotect all employees against injuries from occupational hazards in the workplace18
4288610117OSHA is an agency underU.S. Department of Labor19
4288610118HMOHealth Maintenance Organization20
4288610119HMO gives access to what doctors and nursesThose within their network, care is covered only if you see a doctor within their network (few opportunities for out of network docs)21
4288610120Networks are made up ofproviders that have agreed to lower their rates for plan members and also meet quality standards22
4288610121Lower insurance premiumsHMO23
4288610122PPOPreferred Provider Organization24
4288610123PPO gives you access to what doctors and nursesThose within and outside of network, but better cost if you see an in-network doc25
4288610124Higher insurance premiumsPPO26
4288610125low or no deductibleHMO27
4288610126HMO Act of 1973authorized federal grants and loans to private organizations that wished to develop HMOs which are responsible for providing health care services to subscribers in a given geographic area28
4288610127Blue Cross Policyplan initiated by Baylor University to guarantee Dallas teachers 21 days of hospital care for $6 a year, in 192929
4288610128DRG stands forDiagnosis Related Group30
4288610129DRG isstatistical system of classifying any inpatient stay into groups for the purposes of payment31
4288610130Copayment is abbreviatedCo-Pay32
4288610131Co-Payin an insurance policy and paid by an insured person each time a medical service is accessed33
4288610132BCBSBlue Cross Blue Shield34
4288610133Clinical Laboratory Improvements ActCLIA35
4288610134CLIAregulates all laboratory testing (except research) performed on humans in the U.S.36
4288610135AMA is formedical organization for professionals and medical students37
4288610136Third Party AdministratorTPA38
4288610137TPAAn organization that administrates group insurance policies for an employer39
4288610138Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Department of Veterans AffairsCHAMPVA40
4288610139CHAMPVAcomprehensive health care program in which the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) shares the cost of covered health care services and supplies with eligible beneficiaries41
4288610140Who are CHAMPVA beneficiariesThe spouse or child of a veteran who has been rated permanently and totally disabled for a service-connected disability by a VA regional office, or The surviving spouse or child of a veteran who died from a VA-rated service-connected disability, or The surviving spouse or child of a veteran who was at the time death rated permanently and totally disabled, or The surviving spouse or child of a military member who died in the line of duty, not due to misconduct (in most of these cases, these family members are eligible for TRICARE, not CHAMPVA).42
4288610141Tricaremilitary insurance43
4288610142Who is eligible for TricareActive duty family members Retired service members and their families Family members of activated Guard/Reserve members Non-activated Guard/Reserve members and their families who qualify for care under the Transitional Assistance Management Program Retired Guard/Reserve members (age 60 and receiving retired pay) and their families Survivors Medal of Honor recipients and their families Qualified former spouses44

Medical Billing and Coding Final Flashcards

Medical Billing and Coding Final study guide

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8762148593What is a rule of conduct established and enforced by an authority or governing body,such as the federal governmentLaw0
8762148594Another name for terminating care of a patient isD) withdrawing from a case1
8762148595A health-care professional who stops care without providing an equally qualified substitute can be charged withD) abandonment2
8762148596The appropriate way for a physician to terminate the care of a patient is toSend the patient a certified letter3
8762148597What is the document called in which a patient names someone to make decisions regarding medical care in the event he or she is unable to do so?durable power of attorney4
8762148598A written court order addressed to a specific person, requiring that person's presence in court at a specific time issubpoena5
8762148599A process in which the opposing sides choose a person outside the court system with special knowledge in the field, to hear and decide a dispute is a(n)arbitration6
8762148600At the end of a labor and delivery nurse's shift, a nurse leaves a woman in labor before the nurse's replacement arrives. What kind of negligence does this constitute?abandonment7
8762148601A surgical incision is reopened after a patient starts to show signs of internal bleeding. It is discovered that the surgeon did not complete closure of all severed capillaries at the operative site. This is an example ofmalpractice8
8762148602A legal document addressed to the patient's family and physicians stating what type of treatment the patient wishes or does not wish when terminally ill is an(n)living will9
8762148603A physician reports a case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) to the state. This isthe physician's public duty10
8762148604Which of the following is the appropriate way for the medical assistant working in a physician's office to leave a message for patients at their place of employment?leave a message that the patient's doctor's office is calling11
8762148605is considered a standard of behavior and a concept of right and wrong, beyond the legal consideration.Ethics12
8762148606Which of the following created federal laws to protect health-care workers from health hazards on the jobOSHA13
8762148607are formed through the influence of the family, culture and society, and serve as a basis for ethical conduct.Moral values14
8762148608For two parties to enter into an agreement, or contract, it is essential that both are capable of understanding the terms and conditions. This is referred to ascontractual capacity15
8762148609Speaking in such a way as to negatively influence others against an individual is an example ofdefamation of character16
8762148610The promise of "miracle cures" is an example offraud17
8762148611An advantage of computers in that theyprocess information with great speed18
8762148612A guideline for releasing medical information is tohave the patient give a verbal consent19
8762148613Internal audits are doneon random records by medical staff20
8762148614One of the most important duties of a medical assistant is tofill out and maintain accurate and thorough patient records21
8762148615Important information about a patient's medical history and present condition is found in thepatient's chart22
8762148616Patient records are used forpatient education, evaluating the quality of treatment, and medical research.23
8762148617WHich of the following organizations reviews patient charts to monitor whether the care provided and fee charged met accepted standards?Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations24
8762148618The appropriate way to speak to a patient who has a hearing impairment is tospeak slowly25
8762148619The appropriate way to address a patient isMrs. Jones26
8762148620A physician tries unsuccessfully to call a patient. The medical assistant shouldrecord and date the call in the patient record27
8762148621The best place to interview a patient isin a private room28
8762148622The type of documentation that provides an orderly series of steps for dealing with any medical case isSOAP29
8762148623Of the federal programs providing health care, the largest is, which provides health insurance for citizens aged 65 and otherMedicare30
8762148624The person whose name the insurance is carried under is called theSubscriber31
8762148625In most cases, the insurer pays an annual cost or___ for health -care insurance.premium32
8762148626A fixed dollar amount the subscriber must pay or "meet" each year before the insurer begins to cover expenses is thedeductible33
8762148627Some medical practices may require the subscriber to pay a small fee at the time of service.copayment34
8762148628In a typical medical practice, insurance claims are fileda few business days after the date of service35
8762148629The most likely outcome of an insurance claim submitted with a diagnosis code of a sore throat and a treatment code indicating a cast for a broken leg would bedenied as a billing error because the treatment was not medically necessary based on the diagnosis36
8762148630An insurance claims department compares the fee the doctor charges with the benefits provided by the patient's health plan. This is called thereview for allowable benefits37
8762148631Which of the following is what the patient owes after the insurance company has paid?subscriber liability38
8762148632Which of the following types of insurance covers injuries that are caused by the insured or that occurred on the insured's property?liability39
8762148633Under Medicare Part B, patients are not permitted toenroll, because coverage is automatic40
8762148634A patient who has been hospitalized up to 90 days for each benefit period is covered underMedicare Part A41
8762148635A benefit period for Medicare begins the day a patient goes into the hospital and ends when that patient has not been hospitalized for ___ days6042
8762148636Which of the following is a characteristic of Medicaid?it is a health cost assistance program43
8762148637Patients under the age of 65 who are blind or widowed or who have serious long-term disabilities, such as chronic joint pain or _____, many also be entitled to Medicare.kidney failure44
8762148638Which of the following is included in Medicare benefits for respite careThe terminally ill patient is moved to a care facility for the respite45
8762148639An organizations that provides pain relief to terminally ill patients and supports these patients and their families is ahospice46
8762148640The amount Medicare pays the physician or health-care provider after the $100 annual deductible is met is80%47
8762148641Which of the following is included under Workers' Compensation insurance?Rehabilitation costs are covered to return an employee to work48
8762148642Medicare encourages all practices to file claims electronically becausethe process saves time49
8762148643A characteristic of health maintenance organizations(HMO) isphysicians with HMO contracts are often paid a capitated rate50
8762148644HMO copayments are often$10-$2051
8762148645A husband and wife are both employed and have work-sponsored insurance plans that cover each other and their three children. Which insurance plan is the primary payer?the insurance plan of the person whose birthday comes first in the calendar year52
8762148646Electronic media claims (EMC) includedata elements that are transmitted in a computer file53
8762148647An appropriate approach to maintaining patient confidentiality on the computer is tochange your password every 90 days54
8762148648Under a contracted or fixed prepayment called____, physicians are paid a fixed amount of money to provide needed care.capitation55
8762148649TRICARE and CHAMPVA coverfamilies of all military personnel.56
8762148650When entering data in medical billing programs, alwaysenter information using capital letters57
8762148651The determination of the amount of money paid by a third-party papyer for a procedure ispre-certification58
8762148652What is the approval for payment from a third-party requested prior to a procedure?pre-authorization59
8762148653When a physician agrees to accept assignment, this means the physicianwill accept the amount of money that Medicaid will pay as payment in full for the Medicaid covered service60
8762148654Eligibility for Medicaid isbased on the patient's reported income from the previous month61
8762148655Which of the following is part of the process for verifying workers' compensation coverage?obtaining the employer's approval to provide treatment62
8762148656What is the term for the 10-digit number identifying the physician's medical specialty?taxonomy code63
8762148657What are usual fees that are listed on the office's fee schedulefee charged to most of their patients most of the time under typical conditions64
8762148658Which of the following must be verbally discussed with the beneficiary to enable the beneficiary to consider options and make informed choices?ABN65
8762148659If providers submit a claim for a simple procedure when in fact a more complicated procedure was documented in the medical record,______may occurunderpayment66
8762148660Which of the following may occur when providers submit claims that do not meet Medicare's coding or medical neccessity policies?denial of claim67
8762148661The use of ICD-9 codes is mandated byHIPAA68
8762148662A patient's diagnosis as established by the physiciandescribes the primary condition for which the patient is receiving treatment69
8762148663ICD-9 codes are updatedyearly70
8762148664The Alphabetic Index is organized bythe condition71
8762148665When you encounter the word see in the Alphabetic Index, you know thatyou must look in another category72
8762148666The Tabular List is organized bythe part of the body involved73
8762148667In order to ensure reimbursement at the highest allowed level,CPT codes mustinclude numbers and modifiers that reflect the services performed74
8762148668___The____ codes are the most important of the CPT codesE/M75
8762148669___For reporting purposes, CPT considers a patient "new" if the patient has not received professional services within the past ___year(s)three76
8762148670When unbundling is done intentionally to receive more payment than is correct, the claim is likely to be consideredfraudulent77
8762148671The Health Care Common Procedure Coding System(HCPCS) was developed for use in coding services forMedicare patients78
8762148672Analysis of the connection between the diagnostic and the procedural information on a claim is calledcode linkage79
8762148673An act of deception used to take advantage of another person or entity is calledfraud80
8762148674A health-care provider who practices under false qualifications/credentials is guilty offraud81
8762148675To avoid the risk of fraud by discovering and correcting compliance problems, medical offices usually have a(n)compliance plan82
8762148676Which of the following ICD-9-CM conventions is used around synonyms, alternative workings, or explanations?| |83
8762148677Which of the following ICD-9-CM conventions indicates that the entries following it refine the content of a preceding entry?includes84
8762148678Which ICD-9-CM convention indicates that an entry is not classified as part of the preceding codeexcludes85
8762148679The ICD-9-CM convention code first underlying disease meansthe code may not be used as the first code86
8762148680What does the ICD-9-CM convention NEC indicatenot elsewhere classifiable87
8762148681When analyzing diagnoses and locating the correct ICD code, in which step of the five-step process do you record the diagnosis code on the insurance claimstep 588
8762148682In which step of the five-step process of analyzing and locating the correct ICD code do you locate the statement of the diagnosis in the patient's medical record?step 189
8762148683In step 3 of the five-step process of analyzing and locating the correct ICD code, you willlocate the code from the Alphabetic index in the ICD's Tabular index90
8762148684Step 4 of the five-step process of analyzing and locating the correct ICD involvesfinding the code that corresponds to the patient's specifie disease or condition91
8762148685Finding the code in the ICD's Alphabetic Index is which step of analyzing and locating the correct ICD?step 292
8762148686If a lab bills for a general health panel but fails to perform one of the tests, it is guilty of which of these fraudulent coding and billing practicesreporting services that were not performed93
8762148687When a patient has no symptoms of a disease and the provider performs the tests for that disease at the patient's request, the provider has committed which of these fraudulent coding and billing practices?performing billing for procedures that are not related to the patient's condition94
8762148688Billing for an Evaluation and Management service when the only service provided was a simple injection is an example ofreporting services at a higher level than was carried out95
8762148689There is a question concerning a claim for a procedure submitted last year. Where will you look to double-check codes in question?last year's CPT96
8762148690A plus sign (+) is used to indicateadd-on codes97
8762148691Modifiers to CPT indicatethat some special circumstance applies to the service98
8762148692National codes issued by CMS that cover many supplies and durable medical equipment areHCPCS Level II codes99
8762148693Inaccuracy of linking diagnostic codes and procedural codes will result in all of the following excepttimely processing of claims100
8762148694Which of these structures or substances in the skin helps prevent UV radiation from damaging deep structures of the skin?melanin101
8762148695An easy way to remember when an E code is required isif the diagnosis makes you ask "How did that happen?"102
8762148696The skin plays a role in regulating body temperature bydilating or constricting blood vessels in the skin103
8762148697Which of the following is mostly adipose tissue?subcutaneous layer104
8762148698Sweat glands are found in thedermis105
8762148699When the supply of oxygen in the blood is low, the skin looks rather pale orbluish106
8762148700The most deadly skin cancer ismelonoma107
8762148701The most common skin cancer isbasal cell carcinoma108
8762148702The first thing you should do when answering the telephone isidentify the medical office and yourself109
8762148703The appropriate way to deal with a caller who refuse to identify himself is tosuggest that he write a letter to the physician and mark it "Personal"110
8762148704The recommended procedure for handling billing inquiries is topull the patient's chart and billing information111
8762148705If a patient was overcharged for services, the appropriate procedure is toask the patient to wait for a corrected statement before sending payment112
8762148706If patient calls with a billing problem but, in fact the proper fee was charged, the best approach is tospeak to the physician before responding to the patient113
8762148707If a patient remains dissatisfied after discussing a bill,document all comments and relay the information to the physician114
8762148708A guideline for dealing with an angry caller is toassure the patient that you will do your best to correct the problem115
8762148709A guideline to follow when an attorney calls the office is torelease information only when the physician has authorized you to do so116
8762148710One of the most important telephone skills is saying words correctly, which is calledpronunciation117
8762148711Speaking clearly and distinctly to help the person you are speaking to understand you is calledenunciation118
8762148712The appropriate way to address a patient with a last name that is different to pronounce is toask the patient how to pronounce her name119
8762148713If you do not recognize the name of the patient calling the most appropriate response is"Have you been to this practice before?"120
8762148714If you put a caller on hold and determine it will be a long wait,offer to call back121
8762148715When a call with a patient is long or complicatedsummarize the details of the call to ensure understanding by both you and the patient122
8762148716When dealing with a caller who is nervous, upset, or angry,show empathy and an understanding of the caller's feelings123
8762148717Before placing an outgoing telephone call to a patient you shouldverify the correct phone number124
8762148718Fax machines in a medical officeshould be placed in a secure location125

AP Language - Week Four Flashcards

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5023008088parodyA work that closely imitates the styles or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule. It distorts or exaggerates distinctive features of the original.0
5023023970pedanticAn adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish.1
5023028214periodic sentencePresents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. The independent clause is preceded by a phrase or clause that cannot stand alone.2
5023039756personificationA figure of speech in which the author presents or describes concepts, animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions.3
5023047982point of viewThe perspective in which a story is told. There are two general divisions and many subdivisions within those.4
5023056820proseOne of the major divisions of genre, it refers to fiction & nonfiction, including all its forms.5
5023074635repetitionThe duplication, either exact or approximate, of any element of language, such as sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern.6
5023082536rhetoricFrom the Greek for "orator," this term describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively.7
5023090379rhetorical modesThis flexible term describes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing. The four most common are exposition, persuasive, description, and narrative.8
5023110944sarcasmFrom the Greek meaning "to tear flesh", it involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something. It many use irony as a device.9

AP Language Bootcamp: Prefixes, Roots, and Suffixes Flashcards

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7201815554co, con, comwith, together, examples: compact, conjoin, co-conspirators0
7201815555log, logoword, say, speech examples: dialogue, logo, prologue1
7201815556monoone examples: monopoly, monologue, monocle2
7201815557-icquality, relation examples: generic, pessimistic, optimistic3
7201815884path, pathyfeeling, suffering examples: sympathy, antipathy, apathy, empathy4
7201815885fid, fide, federfaith, trust examples: confident, fidelity, infidel5
7201815886parabeside examples paraphrase, paraprofessional, paramedic6
7201816267-al, -ial, -icalquality, relation examples: structural, categorical, territorial7
7201816268-fulhaving, giving, marked by examples: fanciful, deceitful8
7201816627ive, ative, itivehaving the quality of examples: festive, cooperative, sensitive9

AP Macroeconomics Unit 3 Flashcards

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8801193725AggregateSum total; a collection of separate things mixed together.0
8801193726Aggregate Demand (AD)A schedule or curve that shows the total quantity demanded for all goods and services of a nation at various price levels in a given period of time. AD is downward sloping.1
8801193727Aggregate SupplyThe total amount of goods and services that all firms in all the industries in a country will produce at various price levels in a given period of time. Short Run Aggregate Supply is upward sloping. (SRAS)2
8801193728Automatic StabilizersBuilt-in mechanisms in the tax code and transfer payment programs that increase government spending and reduce tax revenue automatically when aggregate demand decreases. They reduce government spending and collect more in tax revenues when aggregate demand increases.3
8801193729Transfer PaymentA payment made when no good or service is exchanged. Allowances are private transfer payments; social security checks are governmental transfer payments. Transfer payments are NOT included in GDP because they do NOT represent production.4
8801193730Budget DeficitWhen a government spends more than it collects in tax revenues in a given year. The USA typically runs a budget deficit each year. G > T5
8801193731Budget SurplusWhen a government collects more in tax revenues than it spends in a given year. T > G6
8801193732Classical Economic TheoryThe view that an economy will self-correct from periods of economic shock if left alone. Also known as "laissez-faire" and derived from the thinking of Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, and David Ricardo. Neoclassical theories are up-to-date versions of similar belief systems. Key idea that price levels and wages are fully flexible both upwards and downwards.7
8801193733Contractionary Fiscal PolicyA demand-side (AD) policy whereby government increases taxes or decreases its expenditures in order to reduce aggregate demand. Could be used in a period of high demand-pull inflation to bring down the inflation rate. T up and/or G down8
8801193734Cost-push inflationInflation resulting from a decrease in AS (from higher wage rates and raw material prices, such as the price of oil) and accompanied by a decrease in real output (real GDP) and decreases in employment. Also referred to as "stagflation" or "adverse/negative aggregate supply shock." AS decreases. The USA had cost-push inflation during the 1970's and early 1980's.9
8801193735Crowding-out EffectThe rise in interest rates and the resulting decrease in investment spending (I) in the economy caused by increased government borrowing in the loanable funds market. This occurs because of budget deficits, so the government must borrow money, which drives up real interest rates. The crowding-out effect is seen as a disadvantageous side effect of expansionary fiscal policy.10
8801193736Demand-Pull InflationInflation resulting from an increase in aggregate demand without a corresponding increase in aggregate supply. AD is increasing.11
8801193738Disposable IncomeThe portion of income that an individual can choose to spend or save; after-tax income = take home pay. Disposable income is the main factor that drives both spending and savings decisions. DI = C + S. Where "C" is Consumption/Consumer Spending. "S" is savings.12
8801193739Economic GrowthAn increase in the potential output of goods and services in a nation over time. PPC is shifting outward or could also be depicted as Long Run Aggregate Supply (LRAS) curve shifting to the right.13
8801193740Exchange rateThe price of one currency in terms of another currency, determined in the FOREX market (foreign exchange market). 1 dollar = 2 Euros.14
8801193741Expansionary Fiscal PolicyA demand-side (AD) policy whereby government decreases taxes or increases its expenditures in order to increase aggregate demand. Could be used in a period of high unemployment (recession) to increase national output (real GDP). T down, G up so AD increases.15
8801193742Fiscal PolicyChanges in government spending (G) and tax collections (T) implemented by government with the aim of either increasing or decreasing aggregate demand to achieve the macroeconomic objectives of full employment and price-level stability.16
8801193743Inflationary GapThe difference between a nation's equilibrium level of output and its full employment level of output when the nation is overheating (producing beyond its full employment level).17
8801193744Inflationary spiralThe rapid increase in average price level result from demand-pull inflation leading to higher wages, causing cost-push inflation.18
8801193747Long Run Aggregate Supply (LRAS)The level of output to which an economy will always return in the long run. The LRAS curves intersects the horizontal axis at the full employment or potential level of output. "at the full-employment level of real GDP"19
8801193748Long RunThe period of time over which the wage rate and price level of inputs in a nation are flexible. In the long run, any changes in AD are cancelled out due to the flexibility of wages and prices and an economy will return to its full employment level of output. Sometimes referred to as the "flexible wage period."20
8801193749Short Run Aggregate Supply (SRAS)Positive relationship between the aggregate amount of GDP produced and the price level in an economy in the short run, when it is presumed that prices of goods are flexible but wage rates are fixed.21
8801193750Macroeconomic EquilibriumThe level of output at which a nation is producing at any particular period of time. May be below its full employment level (if the economy is in recession) or beyond its full employment level (if the economy is overheating). In the picture, short-run equilibrium is at P1 and Y122
8801193751Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC)The fraction of any change in income spent on domestically produced goods and services; equal to the change in consumption divided by the change in disposable income.23
8801193752Marginal Propensity to Save (MPS)The fraction of any change in income that is saved; equal to the change in savings divided by the change in disposable income.24
8801193766MPC + MPS = 1The fraction of an increase in disposable income that is spent (MPC) plus the fraction that is saved (MPS) must equal 1.25
8801193753Multiplier EffectThe increase in total spending in an economy resulting from an initial injection of new spending. The size of the multiplier effect depends upon the spending multiplier. An effect in economics in which an increase in spending produces an increase in national income and consumption greater than the initial amount spent.26
8801193754Spending multiplier= 1/(1-MPC) or 1/MPS. This tells you how much total spending an initial interjection of spending in the economy will generate. For example, if the MPC = .8 and the government spends $100 million, then the total increase in spending in the economy = $100 x 5 = $500 million.27
8801193757Recessionary GapThe difference between an economy's equilibrium level of output and its full employment level of output when an economy is below full-employment.28
8801193758Self-correctionThe idea that an economy producing at an equilibrium level of output that is below or above its full employment level will return on its own to it full employment level if left to its own devices. Requires fully flexible wages and prices and is associated with classical economic views.29
8801193759StagflationA macroeconomic situation in which both inflation and unemployment increase. Caused by a negative supply shock (i.e., Aggregate Supply decreases).30
8801193760Sticky wage and price modelThe short-run Aggregate-Supply Curve is sometimes referred to as the "sticky wage and price model," because workers' wage demands take time to adjust to changes in the overall price level, and therefore, in the short-run an economy may produce well below or beyond its full employment level of output.31
8801193761Supply ShockAnything that leads to a sudden, unexpected change in aggregate supply. Can be negative (decreases in AS) or positive (increases in AS). May include a change in energy prices, wages, or business taxes, or may result from a natural disaster or a new discovery of important resources.32
8801193762WealthAn important determinant of consumption. Wealth is the total value of a household's assets minus all its liabilities.33
8801193763Real Balances Effect = Wealth EffectOne of the reasons the aggregate demand curve slopes downward: The tendency for increases in price level to lower the real value (or purchasing power) of financial assets with fixed money value and, as a result, to reduce total spending and real output. The idea that any wealth that you may have in the form of a cushion or securities becomes less valuable as prices rises because higher prices reduce real spending power, prices and output are negatively related.34
8801193764Interest Rate Effectif the average price level rises, consumers and firms might need to borrow more money for spending and capital investment, which increases the interest rate and delays current consumption. Reduces current consumption of domestic products and the price level rises. One of the reasons why AD is downward sloping.35
8801193765Foreign Trade EffectWhen U.S. price level increases, foreign buyers purchase fewer U.S. goods and Americans buy more foreign goods. Exports fall and imports rise causing real GDP demanded to decrease. One of the reasons why AD is downward sloping.36
88011937672 Tools of Fiscal PolicyFederal Government engages in fiscal policy. Tool # 1 = Government Spending. Tool # 2 = Personal Income Taxes.37

AP World History Dates Flashcards

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66978019248000 BCE- 600 CEPeriod 1: Technological and Environmental Transformations0
66978019258000 B.C.E.Beginnings of agriculture1
66978019263000 B.C.E.Beginnings of Bronze Age - Early Civilizations2
66978019271300 B.C.E.Iron Age3
6697801928600 BCE - 600 CEPeriod 2: Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies4
66978019296th century B.C.E.Life of Buddha, Confucius, Lao Tsu (beginnings of Confucianism, Buddhism, Taosim)5
66978019305th C B.C.E.Greek Golden Age - philosophers.6
6697801931323 B.C.E.Alexander the Great7
6697801932221 B.C.E.Qin unified China8
669780193332 C.E.Beginnings of Christianity9
6697801934180 C.E.end of Pax Romana10
6697801935220 C.E.end of Han Dynasty11
6697801936333Roman capital moved to Constantinople12
66978019374th century C.E.Beginning of Trans-Saharan Trade Routes13
6697801938476Fall of Rome14
6697801939527Justinian rule of Byzantine Empire15
6697801940600 CE -1450Period 3: Regional and Transregional Interactions16
6697801941622Founding of Islam17
6697801942732Battle of Tours (end of Muslim move into France)18
66978019431054Great Schism in Christian Church (Roman Catholic & Eastern Orthodox)19
669780194410951st Crusade20
66978019451258Mongols sack Baghdad21
66978019461271-1295Marco Polo travels22
66978019471324Mansa Musa's pilgrimage23
66978019481325-1349travels of Ibn Battuta24
66978019491347-1348Bubonic plague in Europe25
66978019501433end of Zheng He's voyages/Rise of Ottomans26
66978019511450 CE - 1750Period 4: Global Interactions27
66978019521453Ottomans capture Constantinople28
66978019531488Dias rounded Cape of Good Hope29
66978019541492Columbus sailed the ocean blue/ Reconquista of Spain30
669780195515021st Slaves to Americas31
66978019561517Martin Luther/95 theses32
66978019571521Cortez conquered the Aztecs33
66978019581533Pizarro toppled the Inca34
66978019591618-164830 years war35
66978019601689Glorious Revolution/English Bill of Rights36
66978019611750 CE - 1900Period 5: Industrialization and Global Integration37
66978019621750-1914Industrial Revolution38
66978019631756-17637 Year's War/French and Indian War39
66978019641776American Revolution/Smith writes Wealth of Nations40
66978019651789French Revolution41
66978019661804Haitian independence42
66978019671815Congress of Vienna43
66978019681820sIndependence in Latin America44
669780196918391st opium war in China45
66978019701848European revolutions/Marx & Engles write Communist Manifesto46
66978019711853Commodore Perry opens Japan47
66978019721857Sepoy Mutiny48
66978019731861end of Russian serfdom/Italian unification49
66978019741863Emancipation Proclamation in US50
66978019751871German unification51
66978019761885Berlin Conference - division of Africa52
66978019771898Spanish-American War - US acquires Philippines, Cuba, Guam, & Puerto Rico53
66978019781899Boer War-British in control of South Africa54
66978019791900 CE - PresentPeriod 6: Accelerating Global Change and Realignments55
66978019801905Russo-Japanese war56
66978019811910-1920Mexican Revolution57
66978019821911Chinese Revolution58
66978019831914-1918WWI59
66978019841917Russian Revolution60
66978019851919Treaty of Versailles-end of WWI61
66978019861929stock market crash62
66978019871931Japanese invasion of Manchuria63
66978019881935Italian invasion of Ethiopia64
66978019891939German blitzkrieg in Poland65
66978019901941Pearl Harbor, entry of US into WWII66
66978019911945end of WWII67
66978019921947independence & partition of India68
66978019931948birth of Israel69
66978019941949Chinese Communist Revolution70
66978019951950-1953Korean War71
66978019961954Vietnamese defeat French at Dien Bien Phu72
66978019971956de-Stalinization/nationalization of Suez Canal73
66978019981959Cuban Revolution74
66978019991962Cuban missile crisis75
669780200019676-day war/Chinese Cultural Revolution76
66978020011973Yom Kippur war77
66978020021979Iranian Revolution78
669780200319871st Palestinian Intifada79
66978020041989Tiananmen Square/fall of Berlin Wall80
66978020051991fall of USSR/1st Gulf war81
66978020061994genocide in Rwanda/1st all race elections in S. Africa82
669780200720019/11 Attacks83

AP Language Literary Terms Flashcards

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4571626154AlliterationLanguage device that repeats consonant or vowel sounds in successive or closely associated syllables0
4571631724AllusionA reference to history or literature1
4571636136AnalogyA comparison of two things, alike in certain aspects, a simile is an expressed analogy; a metaphor is an implied one2
4571736330AnaphoraOne of the language devices of repetition that repeats the same expression (word or words) at the beginning of two or more lines, clauses, or sentences3
4571760742Figurative Languagenot intended to carry literal meaning, usually meant to be imaginative or vivid: apostrophe, irony, metaphor, metonomy, oxymoron, paradox, personification, simile, synecdoche and understatement4
4571756514AnecdoteA brief narrative that focuses on a particular incident or event5
4571759505AntecedentThe word, phrase or clause to which a pronoun refers.6
4571784410AntithesisA balancing of one term against another for emphasis; "now high, now low." Strongly contrasting word, clauses, or ideas balanced against one another. "They promised freedom and provided slavery."7
4571790627AsyndetonOmission of the conjunctions that ordinarily join coordinate words or clauses. "I came, I saw, I conquered."8
4571795656ChiasmusTwo corresponding pairs arranged not in parallels (a-b-b-a); from shape of the Greek letter chi (X)9
4571798961ConnotationThe non-literal, associative meaning of a word; implied meaning; the emotional implications that words may carry10
4571801497Deductive reasoningReasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case (The sun rises every morning; therefore, the sun will rise on Tuesday morning.)11
4571819619DenotationThe strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word12
4571820928DictionWriters word choice, especially with regard to their correctness, clearness, or effectiveness (connotation and denotation)13
4571823687EllipsisThe omission of a word or several words for a complete construction that is still understandable14
4571797479Loose Sentencea type of sentence: independent clause comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units, a basic sentence with a string of details. The effect is usually informal, relaxed. and conversational15
4571825718EthosAn appeal based on the character of the speaker. An ethos-driven document relies on the reputation of the author16
4571827452EuphemismIndirectness that replaces directness of a statement, usually in an effort to avoid offensive bluntness in some subject involving delicacy or taboo. ex. "Passed away" for "died"17
4571772243Hyperboleoverstatement, using deliberate exageration18
4571775069Idioman expression in a given language that cannot be understood from the literal meaning of the words in the expression, or a regional speech or dialect19
4571777281Imageryuse of sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions20
4571829397Paradoxa statement that appears to be self contradictory or opposed to common sense, but upon closer inspection, contains some degree of truth or validity21
4571827708Oxymoronfigurative language wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest truth or validity22
4571780402Inductive reasoningderiving general principles from particular facts or instances (Specific -> General)23
4571825350MotifRecurrent patterns in a work, images words, objects, phrases or actions that tend to unify the work24
4571822810Moodemotional-the prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work that the author creates. The setting, tone and events of the work have an effect on the mood.25
4571804517Metaphoran analogy identifying one object with another without using "like" or "as"26
4571818740Metonomynaming an object by substitution a term closely associated with the word in mind27
4571791652Juxtapositionplacing two ideas or characters side by side for comparison or contrast28
4571793756Logosan appeal based on logic or reason. Documents distributed by companies or corporations are logos-driven. Scholarly documents are also often logos-driven29
4571789964Jargonthe specialized language or vocabulary of a particular group or prefession30
4571782645IronyThe contrast between what a stated explicitly and what is really meant; recognition of reality different from appearance31
4571856735ParallellismThe grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences,or paragraphs to give structural similarity; can involve repetition of a grammatical element such as add emphasis or organization, or simply provide musical rhythm.32
4571861241Synesthesiadescription of one kind of sensation in terms of another. In everyday language, we find many examples of synesthesia such as the frequently used adjective "cool". This word is generally associated with temperature. However, in casual conversations, ne can hear phrases like "cool dress" , "cool colors" or "you are looking cool" wherein the visual sensation is blended with the sense of touch. Moreover, we commonly hear phrases like "loud colors", "frozen silence" and "warm colors", "bitter cold" etc.33
4571868361ParodyA humorous imitation of a serious work34
4571874394Tonedescribes the author's attitude toward his or her material, the audience, or both35
4571882288Zuegmaa figure of speech in which a word applies to two others in different senses or to two others of which it semantically suits. You forget what you want to remember and remember what you want to forget36
4571876748PersonificationFigure that endows animals, ideas, abstractions, and inanimate object with human form.37
4571887634Rhetorical modesA way or a method of presenting a subject through writing or speech; the variety, the conventions, and the purpose of the major kinds of writing. Examples of modes: argument, cause/effect, classification, description, compare/contrast, narration, extended definition...38
4571893747Rhetorical QuestionAsking a question, not for the purpose of eliciting an answer, but for the purpose of asserting or denying something39
4571896602SatireA work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule; often humorous, is thought provoking and insightful about the human condition40
4571915759SyllogismA three-part deductive argument in which a conclusion is based on a major premise and a minor premise (All men are mortal; Socrates is a man: therefore, Socrates is mortal.)41
4571921004SymbolismUse of one object to represent or suggest another42
4571924004SynecdocheFigurative language used in which a part signifies the whole or whole signifies the part. Calling a sailor a "hand: or the police "the law."43
4571884583RhetoricFrom the Greek word "orator," this term describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively44
4571879323PolysyndetonThe repetition of conjunction in close succession for rhetorical effect. "Here and there and everywhere"45
4571876070UnderstatementDeliberately expresses an idea as less important than it actually is, either for ironic emphasis or for politeness and tact. "the 1906 earthquake interrupted business somewhat in the downtown area."46
4571869377Periodic SentencePresents it central meaning in a main clause at the end; details are placed before the basic statement; the effect is to add emphasis, structural variety, or elements of surprise. "Suddenly, for no apparent reason, the lovable cat scratched Sally."47

Lamb: AP Language Review Flashcards

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5951670389charlotte perkins gulmanwho wrote the yellow wallpaper0
5951700064america is singingfamous walt whitman poem1
5951702549lenorename of the woman in "the raven"2
5951706163longfellowwho's wife passed away due to a miscarriage3
5951708516self reliancewhich essay said "envious ignorance..."4
5951713649cooperwho attended yale and then got expelled5
5951717615the last of the mohicansone of the stories of leatherstocking tales6
5951731806poewho was an alcoholic, gambler, etc.7
5951737397thoreaugood friend of emerson8
5951741216irvingwho wrote the devil and tom walker9
5951743728leaves of grasswhat was the name of the walt whitman's book of poetry10
5951749224waldenwhat was one of henry thoreau's famous essay11
5951755972transcendentalismname of social movement in reaction to rationalism12
5951759924walt whitmanwho wrote "a sight in camp in the daybreak gray and dim"13
5951773368the ravenwhat was poe's most famous poem14
5951780808emily dickinsonwho was isolated and rather write letters15
5951785496emersonwho founded transcendentalism club16
5951791302nathaniel hawthornewho wrote dr heidegger's experiment17
5951799216the chariotwhat is one of emily dickinson's famous poem18
5951803251barberwhat was the principal occupation of a preacher in the scarlet letter19
5951810849a few with religious zealwhy were there few positions in boston20
5951813634anything for a weddingwhat was hester not allowed to hem for21
5951818144meteorwhat was the natural phenomenon symbolizes sin and virtue22
59518255113how many hours does hester stand on the scaffold23
5951829850whipping, fasting, etc.what was the punishments methods did dimmesdale do to himself24
5951837624indianswith whom was chillingsworth live with before going to boston25
5951853188she left town with a lot of moneywhat happen to pearl at the end of the story26
5951861007ableA stands for what in regard to hester27
5951865634chillingworthwho does "leech" refer to28
5951870856plucked off a rosebushaccording to pearl who is her maker29
5951879445needle workhow hester earn a living30
5951881867physicianwhat does chillingworth pretend to be31
5951886368hand over heartwhat gesture does dimmesdale do throughout the book32
5951935098severity of law and authoritywhat does the prison door represent in scarlet letter33
595193967417 centurywhat time frame was the scarlet letter in34
5951952362bowdoin collegewhat was the college hawthorne attended35
5951958328salemwhat city was hawthorne from36
5951966100saved - elect damned - unregineratewhat were the saved called and damned called37
5951973745innoculationwhat was the method to deal with smallpox38
5951975772deismwhat were the natural laws through God given power and religion39
5951979506rationalismwhat was the belief that human beings arrive at the truth using reason40
5951983769johnathan edwardswho was the reverend to put fear in speech41
5951992577adam and eve sineternity damned because of ...42
5951995468aphorismwitty43
5951998759persecutionwhat did the puritans suffer in england44
5952002922patrick henrywho wrote the speech to virginia convention45
5952011081ben franklinwho wrote the masterpiece of age of reason46
5952014253Biblewhat was the model for puritans writing47

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