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Ap world history Flashcards

Ap world history

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4883020568By scholarly convention prehistory refers to the periodBefore the invention of writing0
4883020569Human beings and large apes are significantly different inLevel of intelligence1
4883020570The famous Lucy wasAn Australopithecus2
4883020571The family of hominids includes all of the following species exceptApes and monkeys3
4883020572A mayor difference between homo erectus and Australopithecus was the ability toCommunicate through language4
4883020573Homo sapiens were better hunters than Australopithecus and homo erectus because theyHad larger brains and higher intelligence5
4883020574The most significant defining characteristic of the Paleolithic era was thatPeoples relied on hunting and gathering for subsistence6
4883020575What is the significance of the natufian, jomon, and chinook culturesAll of the above7
4883020576Neanderthal people's developed a capacity for emotion and feelings, which can be seen from theirElaborate burials8
4883020577Cro-magnon peoples wereHomo sapiens sapiens9
4883020578The prominent sexual features of Venus figurines at cro-magnon sites indicate that the cro-magnon peoplesWere strongly concerned with fertility and the generation of new life10
4883020579What was a likely purpose of cro-magnon cave paintingTo excerpts sympathetic magic11
4883020580He term Neolithic era refers toAll of the above12
4883020581By about 5,000 B.C.E. , agriculture has displaced hunting and gathering societies in several regions of the world primarily becauseCultivation provided a relatively stable and regular supple of food13
4883020582All of the following social changes were brought about by agriculture exceptThe invention of writing14
4883020583The site of Jericho was one of the earliest knownVillages15
4883020584Three Neolithic industries that illustrate the greatest potential of specialized labor includePottery, metallurgy, and textiles16
4883020585Catal huyuk is an archaeological site in Anatolia from Neolithic times in which one can readily see evidence ofSpecialization of labor17
4883020586The belief that Neolithic religious thought clearly reflected the natural world of early agricultural society is based on observation ofRepresentations of gods and goddesses18
4883020587Cities first emerged from agricultural villages and towns inThe valleys of the tigris and euphrates rivers19
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AP World History Chapter 12 Flashcards

history

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8409799087ambassador sent out by Han WudiWho was Zhang Qian?0
8409799088xiongnuZhang Qian's mission was to line up allies for Han China against the1
8409799089silk roadsThe information that Zhang Qian brought back encouraged Han Wudi to destroy the Xiongnu and lay the foundations for the2
8409799090berenicethe most important port on the Red Sea, constructed by the Ptolemies, was3
8409799091chang'anthe easternmost point of the silk roads was the Han capital of4
8409799092mastering the monsoon systema key element in establishing trade across the Indian Ocean was5
8409799093east african coastwhere was the trading port of Rhapta located?6
8409799094taklamakanwhat desert was one of the most dangerous spots along the silk roads? its name means "he who enters does not7
8409799095antiochthe western silk roads terminated in the Turkish port of8
8409799096chang'an, antiochthe land route of the silk roads ran from the Han capital of______ to the Mediterranean port of_______9
8409799097chinain the ancient world, the main producer of silk was10
8409799098foreign merchantswho spread Buddhism to China11
8409799099indiansthe fact by the first century CE southeast asain kings called themselves rajas shows how they were influenced by the12
8409799100gregory the wonderworkerchristianity was carried to Anatolia during the third century CE by13
8409799101christian community that emphasized the human nuture of Jesusthe Nestorians were14
8409799102manithe prophet who promoted a syncretic blend of Zoroastrian, Christian, and Buddhist elements into a religious faith that would serve the needs of a cosmopolitan world was15
8409799103electdevout Manichaeans, eho abstained from marriage and sexual relations and who devoted their lives to prayer and fasting, were called the16
8409799104they were Manichaeans who led a normal life but who followed a strict moral codewho were the "hearers" and what did they practice?17
8409799105zoroastriansthe prophet Mani died in chains as a prisoner of the Sasanid emperor under the urging of the18
8409799106marcus aureliusin 184 CE smallpox claimed the life of the roman emperor19
8409799107about a quarterBy around the year 600 CE the ravage of epidemic disease had caused both the Mediterranean and Chinese population to fall by20
8409799108st. cyprianwho recorded the suffering of Christians caused by epidemic diseases in his On Morality21
8409799109yellow turban rebellionIn the year 184 CE peasant discontent in China led to an uprising known as the22
8409799110daoism and buddhism became popularwith the collapse of political order after the fall of Han Empire23
8409799111the spread of chinese culturethe term sinicization refer to24
8409799112the roman emperors between 235 and 284 CEthe "barracks emperors" were25
8409799113diocletianthe Roman Empire was divided into two parts by26
8409799114the 4 officials who ruled the roman empire under deocletian's planthe tetrarchs were27
8409799115building of new capital city, the reunification of the empire, the allowance of christians to practice their own religionwhat did constantine accomplish during his reign28
8409799116constantinopleafter 340 CE the capital of the Roman world became29
8409799117attilachaos threatened the Roman Empire in the mid-fifth century CE when Germanic tribes poured into the empire for protection from30
8409799118visigothsin 410 CE Rome was sacked by the31
8409799119alaricwho was the leader of the Visigoths who sacked Rome in 410 CE32
8409799120romulus augustulusin 476 CE the Germanic leader Odovacer brought an end to the western half of the Roman Empire when he overthrew33
8409799121byzantine empireafter the collapse of the western half of the Roman empire imperial authority survived for another thousand years in the34
8409799122milanchristians were allowed to openly practice their religion when the emperor Constantine issued the Edict of35
8409799123theodosiusin 380 CE Christianity was proclaimed the official religion of the Roma Empire b the emperor36
8409799124platonicSt. Augustine made Christian thought more appealing to the educated classes by harmonizing it with what thought37
8409799125they organized government and defenses for their communitieshow did the popes win supreme control of the church38
8409799126bishopsin the structure of early Christian church, who presided over the dioceses39
8409799127decided the jesus possessed both human and divine naturein 325 CE the Council of Nicaea40
8409799128nestoriansChristian thinkers who stressed the human nature of Jesus41
8409799129theodosiusRoman emperor who proclaimed Christianity the official religion of the empire42
8409799130attilaLeader of the Huns whose invasion caused chaos in the Roman Empire43
8409799131manichaeismreligion that attempted to incorporate Zoroastrian, Christianity , and Buddhist elements44
8409799132constantineallowed Christians to openly practice their religion45
8409799133chang'anthe eastern terminus of the silk roads46
8409799134diocletiandivided the Roman Empire in half47
8409799135nicaeathe early church council that decided that Jesus possessed both human and divine natures48
8409799136constantinefounded the western capital for the Roman Empire49
8409799137st. augustinethinker who tried to harmonize Christian and Platonic thought50
8409799138zhang qianchinese emissary whose journeys helped to establish the silk roads51
8409799139ancient trade routes that extended from the roman empire in the west to china in the eastsilk roads52
8409799140during the summer winds blow from the southwest and in the winter, blows from the northeast. this enabled them to sail safely and reliably in the indian ocean basinmonsoons53
8409799141an early branch of christianity, named after nestorius, that emphasized human nature of jesusnestorians54
8409799142during the second and third centuries CE, the han and roman empires suffered from epidemic disease. some were smallpox, measles, and bubonic plagueepidemic disease55
8409799143an epidemic disease that declined chinese and roman populationbubonic plague56
8409799144proclaimed that jesus was both fully human and divineCouncil of Chalcedon57
8409799145the 4 corulers of the roman empiretetrarchs58
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AP World History Map Quiz Flashcards

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4293178009MeccaWhat is "A" referring to?0
4293178010JerusalemWhat is "B" referring to?1
4293178011ConstantinopleWhat is "C" referring to?2
4293178012AnatoliaWhat is "F" referring to?3
4293178013Swahili CoastWhat is "E" referring to?4
4293178014TimbuktuWhat is "D" referring to?5
4293178015Sub-Saharan AfricaWhat is "S" referring to?6
4293178016Hindu KushWhat are the green marks referring to?7
4293178017Gobi DesertWhat is "I" referring to?8
4293178018Korean PeninsulaWhat is "H" referring to?9
4293178019Central AsiaWhat is "J" referring to?10
4293178020Middle EastWhat is "T" referring to?11
4293178021South AsiaWhat is "M" referring to?12
4293178022East AfricaWhat is "N" referring to?13
4293178023East AsiaWhat is "K" referring to?14
4293178024Southeast AsiaWhat is "L" referring to?15
4293178025West AfricaWhat is "P" referring to?16
4293178026Central AfricaWhat is "O" referring to?17
4293178027Latin AmericaWhat is "Q" referring to?18
4293178028CaribbeanWhat is "R" referring to?19
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Buddhism AP World History Flashcards

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7497413012Who is the son of an Aryan raja prince and lived in far eastern India?Siddhartha Gautama0
7497451997What caste was Siddhartha in which he didn't like?Brahman1
7497487904Who was the three people that stuck prince Siddhartha the most?Elderly man begging on the street, man slowly dying on a hospital bed and cremation of a man.2
7497522646The three things that Siddhartha saw made him question what?Reincarnation3
7497586626What did Siddhartha renounce his role as price as?Saduh (a man who lives in the forest and practices meditation)4
7497639175What did Siddhartha teach after he quit being an ascetic?Following "The Middle Path"5
7497672351What is Siddhartha's first lesson to people?The Middle Path6
7497694298What is nirvana?when a person escapes reincarnation and achieve a state known as heaven.7
7497717554How did Siddhartha tell people nirvana could be achieved?Following what he called the four noble truths.8
7497735225When Siddhartha created the four noble truths his followers called him what?Buddah (great religious teacher)9
7497753016What are the four noble truth rules?Suffering, Suffering is caused by a desire, Spiritual suffering ends when we give up our desires, Eight Fold Path.10
7497804376What is the eight laws needed to complete the 4 noble truths called?Eight Fold Path11
7497819704What are the 8 laws of the 8 fold path?See world without illusions, positive thoughts, positive speaking, Don't be rude because of karma, avoid jobs that causes suffering, help others whenever you can, Meditation is a good thing.12
7497883085What kingdom conquered India one step at a time after the death of siddhrtha?Mauryan Dynasty13
7497893082Who was the mastermind of the Mauryan Dynasty?Chandragupta Maurya14
7497922396What religion was Chandragupta?Hindu but he payed little attention to the religious ideas.15
7497935308Chandragupta was compared to who and why?Qin because he was mean and did not care for human life.16
7497978419Who was the king of India after the Mauryan Dynasty?Ashoka Maurya17
7498275215After the battle of Kalinga,Ashoka converted to what religion?Buddhism18
7498287950When did India enter its Golden Age?After Ashoka converted to Buddhism.19
7498323676What are the two main things that Ashoka built?Hospitals and made all laws standard throughout the land20
7498347429When did Buddhism grow and convert millions of people?The Golden Age21
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AP World History Chapter 14 Flashcards

Ways of the World Textbook

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8110888538Akbar:also known as shah Anshan or Akbar the great (ruled from 1556-1605), was the third Mughal emperor by the end of his regain the 1605 the Mughal empire covered most of the northern and central India0
8110888539Aurangzeb:son and successor of Shah Jahan; pushed extent of Mughal control in India, the empire reached its greatest extent; reversed previous policies to purify Islam of Hindu influences; incessant warfare depleted the empire's resources; died in 1707.1
8110888540Columbian ExchangeThe Columbian exchange was a dramatically widespread exchange of goods, cultures and human population aka (Africa Slaves between old and the new world)2
8110888541ConquistadoresThe term conquistador mostly refers to Spanish or Portuguese adventurers who were going to conquer lands in America. The leaders of these expeditions were called conquistadores. This name referred to the Reconquista (711-1492) the reconquest of the territories of the Iberian Peninsula occupied by Muslims3
8110888542Constantinoplethe eastern roman empire after the fall of the western empire in and (Modern Turkish/ Istanbul) was the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire), the Latin, and the Ottoman empires. It was founded (AD 330) at ancient Byzantium as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine, after whom it was named4
8110888543CreolesSpaniards born in the Americas5
8110888544DevshirmeThe tribute of boy children that the Ottoman Turks levied from their Christian subjects in the Balkans; the Ottomans raised the boys for service in the civil administration or in the elite Janissary infantry corps.6
8110888545Fixed WindsThe prevailing winds of the Atlantic, which blow steadily in the same direction; an understanding of these winds made European exploration and colonization of the Americas possible.7
8110888546"Great Dying"Term used to describe the devastating demographic impact of European-borne academic diseases on the Americas.8
8110888547JizyaSpecial tax levied on non-Muslims in Islamic state; the Mughal Empire was notable for abolishing the Jizya for a time.9
8110888548MercantilismAn economic theory that argues that governments best serve their stats' economic interests by encouraging exports and accumulating bullion.10
8110888549MestizosLiterally, "mixed," A term used to describe the mixed-race population of Spanish colonial societies in the Americas.11
8110888550Mughal EmpireOne of the most successful empires of India, a state founded by Muslim Turks who invaded India in 1526; their rule was noted for efforts to create partnerships between Hindus and Muslims.12
8110888551MulattoesTerm commonly used for people of mixed African and European blood.13
8110888552Ottoman EmpireMajor Islamic state centered on Anatolia that came to include the Balkans, the Near East, and much of North Africa14
8110888553PeninsularesIn the Spanish Colonies of Latin America, the term used to refer to people who had been born in Spain; they claimed superiority over Spaniards born in the Americas.15
8110888554Plantation complexAgricultural system based on African slavery that was used in Brazil, the Caribbean, and the southern colonies of North America.16
8110888555Qing DynastyRuling dynasty of China from 1644 to 1912; the Qing rulers were originally from Manchuria; which had conquered China17
8110888556Settler ColoniesColonies in which the colonizing people settled in large numbers, rather than simply sending relatively small numbers to exploit the region, particularly noteworthy in the case of British colonies in North America.18
8110888557SiberiaRussia's great frontier region, a vast territory of what is not central and eastern Russia, most of it unsuited to agriculture but rich in mineral resources and fur-bearing animals.19
8110888558YasakTribute that Russian rulers demanded from the native peoples of Siberia, most often in the form of furs.20
8110888559ZungharsWestern Mongol group that created a substantial state (1671-1760): the Zunghar threat provoked Qing expansion into Central Asia21
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AP World History Unit 3 Flashcards

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8175004679BedouinsArabian Peninsula natives, who were the first peoples to convert to Islam0
8175004680Kaabaa sacred Muslim shrine in Mecca that at one point housed up to 350 deities and was also used to taxed travelers. Home of Islamic pilgrimages.1
8175004681Meccathe holiest city of Islam because it has the Kaaba very rich in commerce and trade2
8175004682Islamthe religion of Muslims collectively which governs their civilization and way of life; founder by Mohammed; preaches an egalitarian message and has the 5 pillars3
8175004683MuslimsFollowers of Islam4
8175004684SunnisA branch of Islam that believed that caliphs should be elected; supported the Umayyads5
8175004685Shias/ShiiteFollowers of Islam who believe leaders/caliphs of Islam were descendants of Muhammad6
8175004686Quran (Koran)Holy book of Islam, orally spoken by Mohammed and wasn't written down for many years after Mohammed death7
8175004687MuhammadFounder of Islam and the last prophet of God. Founded his own city based off religion called Medina8
8175004688Abbasid CaliphateReigned 750-1258, rulers during the Islamic Golden Age, moved capital to Baghdad.9
8175004689HajjiPilgrimage to Mecca...all Muslims are required to go to Mecca at least one time; one of the five pillars10
8338003319UmmaThe term for all Muslims as a community, replaced tribal, ethnic, and racial identities; a community bound by belief.11
8338003320MedinaAKA city of the prophet, where in 622 Muhammad emigrated too. Marked the beginning of new Islamic calendar. Membership based on faith which led to a rapid spread.12
8338003321Sharia Lawthe system of Islamic law combining religious law and civil law, based on varying degrees of interpretation of the Qu'ran13
8338256844BaghdadCapital of Abbasid Caliphate14
8338256845SufisIslamic mystics; spread Islam to many Afro-Asian regions, saw worldly success as a distraction. Gave women the most rights in Islamic society. Helped facilitate Islam to India and Anatolia15
8338692306Sikhismreligion that blended Islamic and Hindu beliefs16
8338692307Ottoman TurksThe invasions of the Byzantine Empire and Anatolia made many Christians believe Islam was the true religion and they converted. Took over Constantinople17
8338847370Ghana, Mali, SonghaiWest African kingdoms that built wealth and power through trans-Saharan trade of salt and gold, islam spread here through merchants18
8338847371TimbuktuMajor Center of Islamic Religion with a large library and many schools the practiced the Quran19
8338995813Byzantine EmpireModern Day turkey/Anatolian Peninsula, parts in Greece (Eastern Europe). To the east of this is the Islamic Empire to the west is Germanic Kingdoms20
8338995814JustinianOne of the 1st major rulers of the Byzantine, tides to recreate Roman Empire and reconquered some land but not all. Developed a law code21
8338995815Justinians codeLaw code based off Roman Laws and is the reason that Roman culture and laws survived22
8338995816ConstantinopleCapital of the Byzantine Empire, established by Constantine. Very Christian City23
8338995817Iconclasmthe deliberate destruction of religious icons and symbols. Practiced in Eastern Orthodox Christianity24
8339240163Tang Dynasty618-907 CE, established patterns of Chinese culture that prevailed into modern times, population jumped during this dynasty, had a golden age25
8339240164Song Dynastythe imperial dynasty of China from 960 to 1279; noted for art and literature and philosophy, Golden age26
8339240165FootbindingPracticed during the Tang Dynasty this spread and that involved women breaking their feet to be more beautiful and bond them to inner quarters.27
8339240166Tribute SystemsIn theory was a way for China to get superiority and authority over neighbors, but in reality became a way for foreign groups to be recognized as equals and as a means of peacekeeping.28
8339282615Xiongnu (Huns)Nomadic people north of China who constantly raided China and eventually were recognized as equals through via the tribute system.29
8365585359PopeHead of the Roman Catholic Church30
8365930695Roman Catholic ChurchCentered around the pope,western31
8365930696Great Schism of 1054The separation between the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church32
8365930697Kiev RusThe most significant expansion of Eastern Orthodox Christianity occurred here. Modern day Ukraine. As a result Russia adopted cryllic alphabet and Byzantium architecture.33
8375642877CharelmagneRuler of the carolingian empire who wanted to recreate the unity of the Roman Empire34
8375642878FeudalismA system of government with reciprocal ties in which warriors would pledge to lords to give protection for food. Created constant conflict and many self sufficient vassals35
8375642879SerfdomInstitution in which a peasant is attached to a feudal estate.36
8375642880CrusadesA long series of wars between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia especially for Jerusalem. Crusades left the Byzantine Empire weak and available to be overrun by the ottoman Turks.37
8375811895CaesaropapismA political religious system in which the secular ruler is also head of the religious establishment38
8376177869Vikingsone of a seafaring Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of northern and western from the eighth through the tenth century.39
8376345136Mansa MusaMali's most famous ruler because he took a Hajj to Mecca and brought Islam to MaLi, connecting MaLi to the rest of the world.40
8376345137BerbersLive in the Saharan Desert and trade salt to the richer west African kings and kingdoms41
8388798380Marco PoloItalian explorer who wrote about his travels to Central Asia and China.42
8388798381Ibn BattutaArab traveler who described African societies and cultures in his travel records43
8388798382monsoon windsPredictable winds that allowed for consistent travel across the Indian Ocean44
8388798383Silk RoadCaravan routes connecting China and the Middle East across Central Asia and Iran. Majority of goods luxury goods. Spread Buddhism and rekindled the following of it.45
8388798384Indian Ocean TradeUsed monsoon winds, traded bulk goods, primarily Muslim merchants trading.46
8388856783Trans-Saharan Tradeexchange of goods across the Sahara Desert, especially salt from Sahara and the Berbers. Made nomadic people have a bigger role and established new city's centered around trade.47
8388977064Diasporic communitiesmerchant communities that introduced their own cultures into other areas,48
8388977065Black Deathan epidemic of the bubonic plague that ravaged Europe in the 1300s, killed nearly half of the world's population49
8388977066CaravansereiA place that allowed a rest stop for caravans. Supported trade, and allowed for development.50
8388977067Swahili CivilizationAfrican civilization from a blending of Bantu, Islamic, and other Indian Ocean trade elements.51
8388977068Chinese Grand CanalBuilt during the Sui Dynasty and helped reunify China52
8388977069Chinese BuddhismA form of Mahayana Buddhism with elements of Chinese culture53
8388977070Silla DynastyKorean dynasty that ruled from 668 to 935, showed the selective adoption of Chinese governance and culture54
8389001045SamuraiClass of warriors in feudal Japan who pledged loyalty to a dynamo in return for land and food.55
8389030875ShogunateOne ruler in Japan below the emperor who has the real power56
8389030876MongolsPeople from Central Asia when united ended up creating the largest single land empire in history. Ruled by Ghangis Khan57
8389051084Zheng HeChinese explorer during the Ming Dynasty58
8389051085Ming Dynastythe imperial dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 after the collapse of the mongol led yuan Dynasty59
8397229511Hanseatic LeaguesEuropean organization that promoted trade60
8397353600Chinggis KhanMongolian Leader that conquered a lot, started the mongols power61
8397353601KhantateGenghis Khan's kingdom62
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AP World History Ch. 10 Flashcards

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8294425778Byzantine Empire/ByzantiumEastern half of the Roman Empire that survived the fall of the Western half. The creation of the Empire was around 330 C.E., 146 years before the fall of the Roman Empire.0
8294425779ConstantinopleBuilt by the order of the Byzantine Constantine. It is the capital of the Byzantine Empire.1
8294429804ConstantineThe Roman emperor who adopted Christian traits, stopped the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire, and created the Byzantine Empire.2
8294433220Emperor JustinianAlso known as the Great or Saint, he was the Byzantine emperor from 527 to 565. He was known for efforts to regain Western Europe Rome (through conquests), codifies (makes it standard) Roman law, and agricultural achievements.3
8309546704Eastern OrthodoxyThis was the type of Christianity that developed in the Byzantine Empire (also known as eastern Christendom). This religion is heavily practiced in Eastern Europe due to its influence among trade routes.4
8309546705Roman CatholicismThis was the type of Christianity that developed in the Holy Roman Empire (also known as western Christendom). This religion associates more with the original form of Christianity (Christianity in Rome). This religion is heavily practiced in Western Europe.5
8309549554The Great SchismThis was the religious divide that occurred between eastern and western Christendom (the holy roman empire and Byzantium) in 1054. For the most part, this event was a result over struggles for political power, differences in cultural and language barriers, and differences in theology and religious practices.6
8309549555IconoclasmThe rejection or destruction of religious images as heretical7
8309552213CaesaropapismA political theory in which the head of the state, notably the emperor, is also the supreme head of the church.8
8351970853Dark Ages/Middle AgesAfter the Fall of Western Rome, life was chaotic in Western Europe. Without the organization for a central government, trade and communication collapsed. Lasted from 475-1476.9
8351970854Medieval EuropeLasted from the 5th century to the 15th century. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of discovery.10
8351971072FeudalismPolitical, economic, and social system based on exchange of land for services. Its hierarchy is based upon a pyramid scheme.11
8351976438SerfPoor and hardworking farmers bound to the land, they are considered lower than peasants.12
8351976439CharlemagneFrankish ruler (ruler of France) and first Holy Roman (western christendom) Emperor. He united much of Western Europe during the Middle Ages.13
8351976440Holy Roman EmpireWestern Christendom, formed after the fall of the Original Roman Empire. In contrast to Byzantium, it started off poorly and grew throughout time.14
8374823156Prince VladimirAlso known as The Great, Grand prince of Kiev whose conversion to Orthodox Christianity led to the incorporation of Russia into the sphere of Eastern Orthodoxy. He also contemplated converting to Islam or Judaism, but found them to be less optimal than Eastern Orthodox Christianity.15
8374823157Kievan RusState that emerged around the city of Kiev in the Ninth century CE; a culturally diverse region that included Vikings as well as Finnic and Baltic peoples. The conversion of Vladimir, the grand price of Kiev, to Orthodox Christianity in 988 had long-term implications for Russia.16
8374827941Cyril and MethodiusNinth-century Byzantine missionaries to the Slavs whose development of Cyrillic script made it possible to write Slavic Languages.17
8374827942Cyrillic ScriptAlphabet based on Greek letters that made it possible to write the Slavic Language. made by Cyril and Methodius.18
8374831909CrusadesModern term meaning "ventures of the cross," used to describe the "holy wars" waged by Western Christendom from 1095 until the end of the middle Ages and beyond; Crusades could only be declared by the pope and were marked by participants swearing a vow and receiving an indulgence in return19
8374836727Holy LandThe region of present-day Israel; includes the city of Jerusalem, which is a holy city to Christianity, Islam, and Judaism.20
8397288397Hagia SophiaA large Cathedral of Holy Wisdom in Constantinople, built by order of the Byzantine emperor Justinian. Demonstrated Byzantine intelligence, also influenced Russia.21
8397288398Dome of the RockMuslim shrine containing the rock from which Muhammad is believed to have risen to heaven; Jews believe Abraham prepared to sacrifice his son Isaac on the rock. To Christians, it was a place that Jesus had visited as a youngster to converse with learned teachers and later to drive out the money changers.22
8397288399MissionariesIndividuals who work to spread their religious beliefs. Example: Cyril and Methodius23
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AP World History Chapter 8 Flashcards

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8269921829Seljuk Turkstook over Baghdad from the Buyids in 1055, ruled in the name of the caliphate.0
8269926591BuyidsPersian tribe, overtook Baghdad in 945, ruled with a Sultan.1
8269956162Crusades8 Crusades by the Christians to reclaim the Holy Land. Lasted from 1095 to 1291, almost 200 years.2
8269974884al-Ghazaligreat Islamic theologian, created the idea for Sufism.3
8270034821Mahmud of Ghazniestablished a Muslim realm in north India and paved the way for interaction and trade between the Middle East and India.4
8270052863Bhaktic cultsHindu worship groups who were extremely dedicated to enforcing Hinduism and worshipping the Hindu gods and goddesses.5
8270076752UlamaIslamic Orthodox religious scholars who wanted a more conservative and restrictive theology.6
8270116541Chinggis Khanleader of the Mongols, a stronger and more durable empire than the Huns. Overthrew the 37th and final caliph of the Abassid empire.7
8270154713egalitarianism vs caste systemequal religious rights (Islam) vs divided and segregated life (Hinduism)8
8270166552dhowssmall, speedy ships used by Islam for swift trade.9
8270197002Harun al-Rashidsucceeded al-Mahdi, ruled from 786 to 809. Islam flourished during the era of his rule, and started it's decline shortly after his death.10
8270209197al-Mahdicaliphate from 775-785, did not solve the problem of succession, reconcile with the Shia, and financially drained the empire.11
8270294574Muhammad ibn Qasimled attack on Sind with 10,000 warriors to avenge attacks on Arab shipping.12
8270313366Shrivijaya, Malacca and DemakIslam conquered these trading hubs in the Indonesia area, which greatly expanded Islamic influence.13
8270332597harem and veilused for the seclusion of women in Islamic culture.14
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While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!