| 4286259481 | Camarilla | In Mexico and elsewhere in Latin America, a politician's personal following in a patron-client relationship. Extending from the elites to vote mobilizing org. | | 0 |
| 4286259482 | Cartel | A formal organization of producers that agree to coordinate prices and production | | 1 |
| 4286259483 | Caudillos | Military dictator; gained control after independence movements | | 2 |
| 4286259484 | Chiapas | southern Mexican state which had large groups of Native Americans, where rebels took up arms and challenged the gov't, demanding land reform and Native American rights | | 3 |
| 4286259485 | Civic Culture | a political culture in which citizens widely share a belief in the legitimacy of their regime and a trust in the government; therefore the citizens demonstrate restraint in their demands on the government | | 4 |
| 4286259486 | Clientelism | an informal aspect of policymaking in which a powerful patron offers resources such as land, contacts, protection or jobs in return for the support and services of lower-status and less powerful clients; corruption, preferential treatment and inequality are characteristic of clientelist politics | | 5 |
| 4286259487 | Co-optation | The process by which individuals are brought into a beneficial relationship with the state, making them dependent on the state for certain rewards | | 6 |
| 4286259488 | Corporatist state | A state in which interest groups become an institutionalized part of the state structure. | | 7 |
| 4286259489 | Creoles | In colonial Spanish America, term used to describe someone of European descent born in the New World. Elsewhere in the Americas, the term is used to describe all nonnative peoples. | | 8 |
| 4286259490 | GATT | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade; A United Nations agency created by a multinational treaty to promote trade by the reduction of tariffs and import quotas | | 9 |
| 4286259491 | Haciendas | Large Spanish colonial estates usually owned by wealthy families but worked by many peasants | | 10 |
| 4286259492 | Import substitution | a government policy that uses trade restrictions and subsidies to encourage domestic production of manufactured goods | | 11 |
| 4286259493 | Mestizos | A person of mixed Native American and European ancestory | | 12 |
| 4286259494 | "Mexican Miracle" | a period from the 1940s to the 1970s wherein rapid industrialization promoted high levels of economic growth and improved living standards, which gave rise to a new middle class with rising expectations. "model" for other nations. illusion died in '80's when economy crashed, politics were chaotic, and ethnic clashes started. | | 13 |
| 4286259495 | Missions | Religious settlements run by Catholic priests and friars | | 14 |
| 4286259496 | Mulattoes | In colonial Latin America, Spanish/African who were denied basic political, economic, and social rights due to their mixed heritage. | | 15 |
| 4286259497 | NAFTA | A trade agreement between Canada, the United States and Mexico that encourages free trade between these North American countries. | | 16 |
| 4286259498 | neoliberalism | A strategy for economic development that calls for free markets, balanced budgets, privatization, free trade, and minimal government intervention in the economy. | | 17 |
| 4286259499 | Patron clientelism | a system in which the state provides specific benefits or favors to a single person or small group in return for public support. | | 18 |
| 4286259500 | PEMEX | Mexican Petroleum; a government agency that runs the oil industry in Mexico | | 19 |
| 4286259501 | Peninsulares | Spanish-born, came to Latin America; ruled, highest social class | | 20 |
| 4286259502 | Porfiriato | the long period of rule by Mexico's Porfirio Diaz, 1876-1911, often cited as a prime example of neocolonialism in Latin America. Diaz imposed strict political control, encouraged European and US investment. Influences of the Porfiriato are: stability, authoritarianism, foreign investment and economic growth, and growing gap between the rich and the poor. | | 21 |
| 4286259503 | PRI | The national government of Mexico coalesced into one single governing party; Party of the Institutionalized Revolution; dominant political party in Mexico; incorporated labor, peasant, military, and middle-class sectors; controlled other political organizations in Mexico. | | 22 |
| 4286259504 | sexenio | The six-year administration of Mexican presidents | | 23 |
| 4286259505 | technicos | educated, business-oriented leaders; moderate, free-market approach to politics; took control of the PRI in the 1970's | | 24 |
| 4286259506 | Zapatistas | Guerilla movement named in honor of Emiliano Zapata; originated in 1994 in Mexico's southern state of Chiapas; government responded with a combination of repression and negotiation | | 25 |
| 4286259507 | Mexico | |  | 26 |
| 4286259508 | Brazil | |  | 27 |
| 4286259509 | Argentina | |  | 28 |
| 4286259510 | Cuba | |  | 29 |
| 4286259511 | Haiti | |  | 30 |
| 4286259512 | Panama | |  | 31 |
| 4286259513 | Colombia | |  | 32 |
| 4286259514 | Venezuela | 3AB, 4A |  | 33 |
| 4286259515 | Guatemala | |  | 34 |
| 4286259516 | Nicaragua | |  | 35 |
| 4286259517 | Peru | 2A |  | 36 |
| 6015258765 | Ejidos | Collective land grants- worked by peasants | | 37 |
| 6015284707 | politicos | old style politicians who headed the camarillas and disagreed with the technicos | | 38 |
| 6015327064 | EZLN-Zapatista Uprising/Movement | revolt that represented Amerindians that felt disaffected from the more prosperous mestizo pop. of cities in the center of the country. this reminded Mexicans that some people live in appalling conditions. The group still says its in rebellion. They use the internet today to gain support. | | 39 |
| 6015355530 | PPP Purchasing Power parity | this measure takes into account the actual cost of living in a particular country by figuring what it costs to buy the same bundle of goods in different countries. | | 40 |
| 6015367918 | HDI Human Development Index | The UN's measure that looks at life expectancy, literacy and income. | | 41 |
| 6015379131 | State Corporatist Structure | Mexico's regime: central, authoritarian rule that allows input from int. groups outside of gov. Through the camarilla system they serve in gov offices. This is still characteristic of policymaking | | 42 |
| 6015410135 | PRD | political party to the left of the PRI younger, more politically active from the central states Mexico City | | 43 |
| 6015416868 | PAN National Action Party | political party to PRI right oldest opposition party created to rep. business interests North, middle class professionals better educated, religious | | 44 |
| 6015432300 | neo corporatism | businesses control the government or have the most say in policy making | | 45 |
| 6015449744 | Amerindian | Indigenous people of Mexico | | 46 |
| 6015461737 | Anticlericalism | opposition to power of churches/clergy in politics | | 47 |
| 6015482587 | Chamber of Deputies | Lower House of the Legislature in Mexico-500 members Directly elected, 3 yr terms, no consecutive terms 300 SMD, 200 PR | | 48 |
| 6015514765 | Senate | Upper House of the Legislature -128 members
Directly elected, 6 yr terms, no consecutive terms
3 senators from each state + fed district (FPTP - 2 majority, 1 next highest vote)/Rest PR | | 49 |
| 6017221009 | NIC Newly industrialized countries | countries that have experienced both economic growth and democratization. Including political and social stability all within the last few decades. | | 50 |
| 6017236470 | LDC Less developed countries | large category of countries that have experienced some change but not distinct characteristics of advanced democracies. They have economic difficulties, political instability, and authoritarian rule in the past few decades. | | 51 |
| 6017250040 | GNP per capita | total market value of all goods in services produced in a country divided by the population | | 52 |
| 6017261299 | Primary Sector | agriculture- part of the economy that draws materials from natural environment. It is the largest in low income pre industrialized nations | | 53 |
| 6017268843 | Secondary Sector | Industry-part of the economy that transforms raw materials into manufactured goods. This grows quickly as countries industrialize | | 54 |
| 6017277487 | Tertiary Sector | Services-part of the economy that involves services rather than goods- dominates post industrial societies | | 55 |
| 6017305819 | dependency Theory | economic development of many countries is blocked by the industrialized nations exploit them. - outgrowth of Marxism . How can country's develop when its resources are controlled by industrialized nations? | | 56 |
| 6017327767 | export oriented industrialization | used by the Asian Tigers seeks to directly integrate the country's economy into the global economy by concentrating on economic production that can find a place in the international market | | 57 |
| 6017356719 | International Monetary Fund IMF | is an international organization created for the purpose of standardizing global financial relations and exchange rates. The IMF generally monitors the global economy, and its core goal is to economically strengthen its member countries. | | 58 |
| 6017488022 | maquiladoras | factories that international firms located in the North of Mexico to take advantage of low wage Mexican labor, exporting tariff free to the US | | 59 |
| 6017529698 | Yo Soy #132 | Many Mexicans believed the media was bias in Mexico covering the PRI candidate of Nieto in 2012. When he was governor he had ordered a crackdown on a protest that resulted in the death of participants. He said it wasn't students but radical activists so students took to social media (131 students who were at the protest) holding their IDs. It went viral and millions joined in the streets protesting Nieto and media bias declaring Yo Soy 132 (I am 132) | | 60 |
| 6017570936 | parastatals | large state owned, yet independent business operations. High costs and inefficient but protected from foreign competition though 1982. | | 61 |
| 6017581539 | war on drugs | response to a wave of violence that overtook many cities mostly in the north and remains ongoing (since 2006) drug cartels competing for control of distribution networks into the US | | 62 |
| 6017605232 | Telmex | Under Salinas it was privatized (telephone/communications)and considered corrupt. Carlos Helu (a close friend) acquired a large number of shares w/out paying for them upfront but instead by installments on the revenue from the phone company. He is now the 2nd richest man in the world | | 63 |
| 6017630764 | structural adjustment program | IMF program of numerous items imposed on Mexico to help avoid default on its debts in 1982 | | 64 |
| 6017676336 | opportunidades | Mexican strategy to deal with rising poverty- gov has made cash payments to mothers in poverty provided that their children attend school regularly and adhere to certain nutritional guidelines | | 65 |
| 6017723038 | WTO World Trade Organization | international trade organization that regulates trade | | 66 |
| 6017922248 | Pact for Mexico | Nieto's 95 defined proposals signed by leaders of the main 3 parties- hoping that all parties would work together to solve Mexicos problems. | | 67 |
| 6017932080 | IFE Federal Election Instituo | independent regulatory body to safeguard honest and accurate election results. | | 68 |
