| 6413618165 | Justinian | Byzantine Emperor in 6th c responsible for codifying old Roman Laws which governed the empire for the next 900 yrs & built Hagia Sophia | | 0 |
| 6413618166 | Muhammad | founder of Islam; religious, political, and military leader from Mecca who unified Arabia into a single religious polity | | 1 |
| 6413618167 | Genghis (Chinggis) Khan | founder and Great Khan of the Mongol Empire who came to power by uniting nomadic tribes of northeast Asia. His empire became largest contiguous empire in history after his death | | 2 |
| 6413618168 | Kublai Khan | grandson of Genghis Khan- conquered China and created the Yuan/Mongol dynasty there | | 3 |
| 6413618169 | Marco Polo | Venetian explorer/merchant who traveled to Yuan Dynasty in China; traveled throughout much of Asia | | 4 |
| 6413618170 | Saladin | Muslim general and sultan of Egypt who defeated the European Crusaders in 3rd European Crusade | | 5 |
| 6413618171 | Mansa Musa | King of Mali famous for his Hajj journey. During the trip he stopped and gave out gifts in many cities which ruined the local economies for years | | 6 |
| 6413618172 | Ibn Battuta | Moroccan explorer who traveled Africa, Arabian Peninsula, and Asia. | | 7 |
| 6413618173 | Ibn Sina | Muslim philosopher who wrote many works based on both Islamic/Hellenistic philosophy and medicine. His work The Canon of Medicine became the standard medical text at many medieval universities | | 8 |
| 6413618174 | Zheng He | Chinese court eunuch, mariner, explorer, diplomat and fleet admiral who commanded voyages to Southeast Asia, S. Asia, Middle East, and E Africa during Ming dynasty. His voyages were meant to re-establish Chinese dominance in Indian Ocean trade | | 9 |
| 6413618175 | Pachacuti Inca | founder of Incan empire in S. America. He took small tribes and united into one large empire in late 15th c | | 10 |
| 6413618176 | Thomas Aquinas | Italian Dominican priest and an immensely influential philosopher/theologian in tradition of scholasticism, wrote the Summa Theologica | | 11 |
| 6413618177 | Hammurabi | Mesopotamian king who created first written legal code that promoted idea of justice but treated social classes differently | | 12 |
| 6413618178 | Abraham | considered father of Hebrews also a prophet in Christianity and Islam | | 13 |
| 6413618179 | Moses | founder of Judaism who helped lead Hebrews outta Egypt, received 10 Commandments while praying on Mount Sinai | | 14 |
| 6413618180 | Buddha | Siddhartha Gautama: Indian prince, creator of Buddhism, taught Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path | | 15 |
| 6413618181 | Confucius | founded belief system based on obedience, filial piety, respect for elders, and order | | 16 |
| 6413618182 | Darius | Persian king who built Royal Road & created strong central govt and controlled different regions of empire thru governors and spies | | 17 |
| 6413618183 | Archimedes | Greek mathematician who studied density, levers, pulleys, invented screw pump device | | 18 |
| 6413618184 | Pythagoras | "father of geometry", developed Pythagorean theorem | | 19 |
| 6413618185 | Eratosthenes | Greek geogarpher who showed that Earth was round, calculated its circumference | | 20 |
| 6413618186 | Socrates | Greek philosopher who created method of teaching using question and answer mode | | 21 |
| 6413618187 | Aristotle | Greek philosopher who invented method of arguing according to rules of logic. also founded a school called the Lyceum | | 22 |
| 6413618188 | Alexander the Great | Macedonian king who created large empire that included Greece, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Persia. He helped bring about the Hellenistic culture. | | 23 |
| 6413618189 | Shi Huang Di/Qin Shihuangdi | Chinese emperor who unified China and favored a policy of legalism to govern ppl | | 24 |
| 6413618190 | Asoka | Mauryan ruler of India, converted to Buddhism after Battle of Kalinga | | 25 |
| 6413618191 | Jesus of Nazareth | born a Jew and Roman subject; he is the founder of the Christian faith | | 26 |
| 6413618192 | Bartolomeu Dias | Portuguese explorer who sailed around the southernmost tip of Africa in 1488 and discovered the Cape of Good Hope | | 27 |
| 6413618193 | Christopher Columbus | Explorer and navigator who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean that opened up the Americas to European exploration. He sailed for the Spanish crown in an attempt to find a new trade route to the wealthy East Indies | | 28 |
| 6413618194 | Martin Luther | Wrote the 95 Theses as a critique of the Catholic Church while serving as a monk in Germany and is credited with starting the Protestant Reformation | | 29 |
| 6413618195 | Hernán Cortés | Spanish conquistador in South America who conquered the Incan Empire | | 30 |
| 6413618196 | Vasco de Gama | Portuguese explorer. Commanded the first ships to sail directly from Europe to India | | 31 |
| 6413618197 | Akbar | Ruler of the Mughals known for having a liberal outlook on all faiths and beliefs. He explained the empire and created Din-i-llahi to bring about religious unity | | 32 |
| 6413618198 | Atahualpa | Last Inca emperor before the Spanish conquest; was in the middle of a civil war with his brother when Francisco Pizzaro showed up | | 33 |
| 6413618199 | Montezuma II | Aztec ruler during the Spanish conquest of modern day Mexica. Expanded the empires boundaries and was killed during an attack on the capital city, Tenochtitlan | | 34 |
| 6413618200 | Elizabeth I | Last monarch of the Tudor dynasty. Her reign was called the "Golden Age of England," known for flourishing of English drama and the skilled adventures | | 35 |
| 6413618201 | Louis XIV | Consolidated s system of absolute monarchical rule in France and was mimicked by many other rulers during his time period. Built the Place of Versailles and relocated the French court there | | 36 |
| 6413618202 | Ivan IV | Grand Price of Moscow - first ruler to be crowned as Czar of all the Russians and managed many changes that allowed Russian to become and empire | | 37 |
| 6413618203 | Peter the Great | Russian tsar who presided over the Westernization of the empire. He moved the capital to St. Petersburg and changed the social and political systems of Russia into more modern, scientific and European-oriented systems | | 38 |
| 6413618204 | King Nzinga/Afonso I | Ruler of the Kingdom of the Kongo during the height of the Portuguese slabs trade in the region. Converted to Christianity and adopted some European ideas during his reign | | 39 |
| 6413618205 | Tokugawa leyasu | Last of the three great unifiers of Japan and founder of the Tokugawa shogunate, which lasted until the mid-19th century. Presided over the beginning of Japanese isolationism | | 40 |
| 6413618206 | Aurangzeb | Mughal emperor. He expand the empire, but abandoned the policies of religious toleration set in place by his predecessors | | 41 |
| 6413618207 | Suleyman the Magnificent | Ottoman ruler known for his reconstruction of the Ottoman legal system, which gave him the nickname "the Lawgiver." Presided over the apex of Ottoman military, political, and economic power | | 42 |
| 6413618208 | John Calvin | Pastor during the Protestant Reformation who preached the idea of predestination | | 43 |
| 6413618209 | Galileo Galilei | Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution. Was put on trial by the Catholic Church for defending Copernicus' heliocentric theory | | 44 |
| 6413618210 | Thomas Hobbes | English philosopher who lived during the English Civil War. He was a champion of absolutism for the sovereign and the idea of "social contract" - the people give up their rights to the absolute authority of the government | | 45 |
| 6413618211 | Nicholaus Copernicus | Renaissance mathematician and astronomer - discovered the heliocentric theory of the universe but waited until he was on his deathbed to publish his findings. His theory was rejected by the Catholic Church | | 46 |
| 6413618212 | Napoleon Bonaparte | Emperor of France from 1804-1815; took power from a coup d'éat. Was a hero the French Revolution and his legal reform (the Napoleonic code) influenced other legal systems around the world. He is considered to be one of the most superior military commanders of all time | | 47 |
| 6413618213 | Adam Smith | Enlightenment thinker and author of the Wealth of Nations. Considered to be founder of capitalism | | 48 |
| 6413618214 | Prince Klemens von Metternich | Austrian Foreign Minister who led the Congress of Vienna in 1814-1815. Advocated a conservative stance when rebuilding Europe following the Napoleonic Wars | | 49 |
| 6413618215 | Karl Marx | Co-author of The Communist Manifesto - his theories held that societies progress through a class struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat (workers) | | 50 |
| 6413618216 | Friedrich Engels | Co-author of The Communist Manifesto - made important contributions to family economics | | 51 |
| 6413618217 | Commodore Matthew Perry | Played a key role in the opening of Japan to the West and the Open Door Policy. He is known as the Father of the Steam Navy in the United States | | 52 |
| 6413618218 | Simón Bolívar | Venezuelan who played a key role in the Latin American struggle for independence from Spain and helped lay the foundations for democratic ideology in much of Latin America | | 53 |
| 6413618219 | Abraham Lincoln | President of the United States during the Civil War | | 54 |
| 6413618220 | Porfirio Diaz | President of Mexico from 1876-1911. Fought as a rebel during the French intervention and at the Battle of Puebla. Was overthrown during the Mexican Revolution | | 55 |
| 6413618221 | Muhammad Ali | Self-declared Khedive of Egypt and Sudan. Regarded as the founder of modern Egypt for his military and industrial reforms | | 56 |
| 6413618222 | Cecil Rhodes | English-born South African businessman responsible for helping claim much of Africa for Great Britain ("From Cape Town to Cairo") | | 57 |
| 6413618223 | Queen Victoria | Longest reigning monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and named Empress of India during that time | | 58 |
| 6413618224 | King Leopoldo II | King of Belgium and sole owner of Congo Free State in Africa, where he used forced labor to acquire rubber | | 59 |
| 6413618225 | Alexander II | Russian czar responsible for the emancipation of Russia's surfs in 1861 and attempted other reforms in Russia after their defeat in the Crimean War | | 60 |
| 6413618226 | Baron de Montesquieu | Enlightens thinker who advocated the separation of powers and checks and balances within a government | | 61 |
| 6413618227 | Robert Boyle | Founder of modern chemistry | | 62 |
| 6413618228 | Thomas Jefferson | American founding father, president, and principal author of the Declaration of Independence | | 63 |
| 6413618229 | Jean Jacques Rousseau | French philosopher whose ideas of the social contract influenced both the American ad French Revolutions | | 64 |
| 6413618230 | John Locke | English philosopher who believed all men were born with natural rights and it was the duty of the government to protect those rights. His work influenced the founding fathers of the United States | | 65 |
| 6413618231 | Marie Curie | Polish physicist and chemist responsible for pioneering research on radioactivity. Received two Nobel prizes in science for her research | | 66 |
| 6413618232 | Isaac Newton | English mathematician who discovered the laws of motion and universal gravitation. Also shares credit for the creation of calculus | | 67 |
| 6413618233 | Louis Pasteur | French chemist whose experiments supported the germ theory of disease and helped create the first vaccines | | 68 |
| 6413618234 | Voltaire | French Enlightenment thinker and satirist who was a proponent of freedom of religion and expression as well as separation of church and state | | 69 |
| 6413618235 | James Watt | Scottish inventor remembered for his work with the steam engine | | 70 |
| 6413618236 | Woodrow Wilson | President of the United States during World War I - drafted a peace plan for the end of the war known as the Fourteen Points | | 71 |
| 6413618237 | Mustapha Kemal | Also known in Turkey as Atatürk. Led the Turkish nationalist movement in the Ottoman Empire, leading to the collapse of the empire in 1922, and became the first president of Turkey | | 72 |
| 6413618238 | V. I. Lenin | Leader of Bolsheviks during the 1917 October Revolution in Russia and helped establish the USSR. Signed a peace treaty with the Germans that took Russia out of the World War I and proposed a system of state capitalism in 1921 | | 73 |
| 6413618239 | Joseph Stalin | Leader of the USSR during World War II and the early years of the Cold War. Created a command economy in the Soviet Union with his Five Year Plans and kept power through purges and deportations | | 74 |
| 6413618240 | Adolph Hitler | Fascist leader of Germany at the center of World War II in Europe and the Holocaust | | 75 |
| 6413618241 | Sun Yat-sen | Co-founder of the Guomindang Party in China. Participated in the 1911 revolution against the Qing Dynasty and served as the president of the newly founded Provisional Republic of China | | 76 |
| 6413618242 | Mao Zedong | Leader of Chinese Communist Party during the Chinese Civil War and founding father of the People's Republic of China. During his time in power he implemented the the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution | | 77 |
| 6413618243 | Deng Xiaoping | Reformist leader of the communist party of China who led Chinese economic reform that opened up the country to foreign investment, the global market and limited private competition | | 78 |
| 6413618244 | Ho Chi Minh | Communist revolutionary who led the Viêt Minh independence movement against the French in the 1950's and later led the north Vietnamese in the Vietnam War | | 79 |
| 6413618245 | Mohandas Gandhi | Led India to independence from Great Britain using non-violent civil disobedience | | 80 |
| 6413618246 | Gamal Abdel Nasser | Colonel who helped who helped overthrow the Egyptian monarchy and became the second president. Kept Egypt neutral during the Cold War and tried to nationalize the Suez Canal Company, which caused relations with the west to grow tense | | 81 |
| 6413618247 | Fidel Castro | Overthrew the Bautista government in Cuba and set up a communist government. Allied Cuba with the USSR, which led to Cuba Missile Crisis | | 82 |
| 6413618248 | Ayatollah Khomeini | Iranian religious leader and politician who participated in the 1979 Iranian Revolution and and became the country's Supreme leader | | 83 |
| 6413618249 | Jomo Kenyatta | Founding father of Kenya - set up the country as a capitalist state and allied with the Western Bloc durning the Cold War | | 84 |
| 6413618250 | Kwame Nkrumah | Oversaw Ghana's independence from British Colonial rule and was an advocate of Pan-Africanism | | 85 |
| 6413618251 | Patrice Lumumba | Independence leader in the Belgian Congo and prime minister of the newly independent Republic of Congo. Was deposed and assassinated for his leftist leanings in government | | 86 |
| 6413618252 | Kim II-Sung | Leader of Communist North Korea during the Korean War and designated in the North Korean constitution as the "Eternal President" | | 87 |
| 6413618253 | Chiang Kai-she's | Chinese Nationalist Party leader during the civil war with he communists and was forced to flee to Taiwan in 1949 | | 88 |
| 6413618254 | Nikita Kruschev | Soviet leader responsible for the de-Stalinization of the Soviet Union, the progress of the USSR's early space program, and for several liberal reforms in domestic policy | | 89 |
| 6413618255 | Muhammad Ali Jinnah | Leader of the All-India Muslims league and worked with Gandhi to gain India's independence. Following the partition of India, he became the founder of the Muslim state of Pakistan | | 90 |
| 6413618256 | Anwar Sadat | President of Egypt who re-instituted a multi-party system and took part in the Camp David Accords, which were negotiations that led to a peace treaty with Israel | | 91 |
| 6413618257 | Winston Churchill | British politician who became prime minister of Great Britain during World War II and coined the term "Iron Curtain" at the beginning of the Cold War | | 92 |
| 6413618258 | Albert Einstein | German scientist who immigrated to the United States and developed the general theory of relativity | | 93 |
| 6413618259 | Thomas Edison | Inventor credited with inventing the photograph, motion picture camera, and light bulb | | 94 |
| 6413618260 | Franklin Roosevelt | President of the United States during the Great Depression and World War II. He created the New Deal program to help out citizens during the Great Depression | | 95 |
| 6413618261 | Hideki Tojo | Japanese politician who served as prime minister during World War II and was directly responsible for the attack on Pearl Harbor. At the end of the war, he was put on trial for war crimes linked to the prisoner of war camps | | 96 |
| 6413618262 | Golda Meir | Israeli politician who became the country's first female prime minister no worked towards peace in the Middle East | | 97 |
| 6413618263 | Benito Mussolini | Key feature in the creation of fascism and became the leader of the National Fascist Party in Italy. During World War II, he allied Italy with Nazi Germany | | 98 |
| 6413618264 | Hugo Chavez | Venezuelan politician - implemented socialist reforms as part of the Bolivarian Revolution. Implemented the 1999 Venezuelan Constitution, participatory democratic councils, nationalization of several key industries, and increased government funding of health care and education | | 99 |
| 6413618265 | Mikhail Gorbachev | Introduced policies of glastnost and perestroika to the USSR to reform the Communist Party and the state economy | | 100 |
| 6413618266 | Indira Gandhi | Presided over India as they became the regional hegemon of South Asia as its first female prime minister. During a state emergency in the 1970's, made lasting changes to the constitution | | 101 |
| 6413618267 | Ronald Reagan | President of the United States during the last years of the Cold War - supported anti-communist movements around the world and ordered a military buildup during his first term. Later signed the INF Treaty and began decreasing the US's nuclear arsenal | | 102 |
| 6413618268 | Margaret Thatcher | British politician known as the "Iron Lady." She became Prime Minister of Great Britain towards the end of the Cold War and worked to bring the country out of an ongoing recession - also went to war with Argentina over the Falkland Islands | | 103 |
| 6413618269 | Lech Walesa | Leader of the Polish Solidarity movement, which was Soviet bloc's first independent trade union. Later became president of Poland and guided the country as it transformed to a post-communist state | | 104 |
| 6413618270 | John Paul II | 20th century pope from Poland who is credited with helping end Communist rule in Europe and improving the Catholic Church's relations with Judaism and Islam | | 105 |
| 6413618271 | Nelson Mandela | Helped dismantle apartheid in South Africa and was later elected the first black South African in the country's first election with universal adult suffrage | | 106 |
| 6413618272 | Saddam Hussein | Ba'athist leader of Iraq who kept tight control of the country during his time in power and nationalized oil and other industries - suppressed several opposition movements and was widely condemned by the international community for his human rights abuses | | 107 |
| 6413618273 | Daw Aung San Suu Kyi | Opposition leader in Burma who has worked towards bringing a democratic government to the country and is looking to run for the presidency in 2015 | | 108 |
| 6413618274 | Yitzhak Rabin | Was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1994 for his work in the Oslo Accords as prime minister of Israel - the accords were an attempt to resolve the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict | | 109 |
| 6413618275 | Yasser Arafat | Fought for self-determination for Palestine as chairman of the Palestinian Liberation Organization; later in his career he engaged in a series of negotiations with the Israeli government to end the conflict between in and the PLO | | 110 |
| 6413618276 | Vaclav Havel | Czechoslovakian dissident and playwright who worked against the communist regime there and later served as the first President of the Czech Republic | | 111 |
