Flashcards
AP Literature Terms, Eras, and Works Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 6201791559 | allegory | a form of extended metaphor in which objects and persons in a narrative are equated with meanings that lie outside the narrative itself | 0 | |
| 6201791560 | alliteration | a recurrence of initial consonant sounds | 1 | |
| 6201792990 | allusion | a casual and brief reference to a famous historical or literary figure or event | 2 | |
| 6201792991 | ambiguity | the quality of having more than one meaning | 3 | |
| 6201794381 | anaphora | the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses or sentences | 4 | |
| 6201794382 | antithesis | establishing a clear, contrasting relationship between two ideas by joining them together or juxtaposing them, often in parallel structure | 5 | |
| 6201796039 | apostrophe | the direct address of a person or personified thing, usually absent | 6 | |
| 6201796040 | assonance | the use of similar vowel sounds repeated in successive or proximate words | 7 | |
| 6201796041 | canon | in relation to literature, this term is applied to those works generally accepted as the great ones | 8 | |
| 6201796042 | conceit | an elaborate, usually intellectually ingenious poetic comparison or image | 9 | |
| 6201797357 | diction | the author's choice of words | 10 | |
| 6201797358 | enjambment | the continuation of a sentence or clause over a line break | 11 | |
| 6201797359 | euphemism | the substitution of a mild or less negative word or phrase for a harsh or blunt one | 12 | |
| 6201798526 | flashback | a device that allows the writer to present events that happened before the time of the current narration or the current events in the fiction | 13 | |
| 6201798527 | frame | a narrative structure that provides a setting and exposition for the main narrative in a novel | 14 | |
| 6201798528 | hyperbole | exaggeration used for emphasis | 15 | |
| 6201798529 | imagery | the name given to the elements in a poem that spark off the senses | 16 | |
| 6201800015 | invective | speech or writing that abuses, denounces, or vituperates against | 17 | |
| 6201800016 | irony | conveying a reality different from and usually opposite to appearance or expectation | 18 | |
| 6201800017 | metaphor | a comparison which imaginatively identifies one thing with another dissimilar thing | 19 | |
| 6201801150 | metonymy | a closely associated object is substituted for the object or idea in mind | 20 | |
| 6201801151 | novella | a prose fiction longer than a short story but shorter than a novel | 21 | |
| 6201801152 | oxymoron | a paradox reduced to two words | 22 | |
| 6201801153 | parody | a satiric imitation of a work or of an author with the idea of ridiculing the author, his ideas, or work | 23 | |
| 6201802233 | persona | the person created by the author to tell the story | 24 | |
| 6201802234 | personification | the metaphorical representation of an animal or inanimate object as having human attributes | 25 | |
| 6201802235 | rhetoric | the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively | 26 | |
| 6201803681 | satire | a manner of writing that mixes a critical attitude with wit and humor in an effort to improve mankind and human institutions | 27 | |
| 6201803682 | stanza | a group of lines within a poem, demarcated by a blank line | 28 | |
| 6201803683 | symbol | a closely associated object is substituted for the object or idea in mind | 29 | |
| 6201803684 | synecdoche | a form of metaphor in which the part stands for the whole | 30 | |
| 6201805537 | syntax | the organization of words in a sentence | 31 | |
| 6201805538 | thesis | the main idea or statement that a writer wishes to advance, illustrate, prove, or defend | 32 | |
| 6201805539 | tone | the writer's attitude toward his readers and his subject | 33 | |
| 6201805540 | understatement | expressing an idea with less emphasis or in a lesser degree than is the actual case | 34 | |
| 6201807528 | versimilitude | the semblance to truth or actuality in characters or events that a novel or other fictional work possesses | 35 | |
| 6201807529 | dramatic irony | when the audience or reader is aware of key elements that characters in the story are not aware of | 36 | |
| 6201807530 | dichotomy | a character feels two equally important but opposing feelings toward an event, action, or person | 37 | |
| 6201809092 | Old English era | 450-1066, alliterative verses, oral tradition, Beowulf | 38 | |
| 6201809093 | Middle English era | 1066-1500, didactic, chivalry, religious, Chaucer | 39 | |
| 6201810079 | Renaissance | 1500-1660, new discoveries, science, Shakespeare, Donne, Milton, Marlow | 40 | |
| 6201810080 | Romanticism | 1798-1837, nature, imagination, individualism, Austen, Wordsworth, Keats, Shelley, Hawthorne, Whitman | 41 | |
| 6201811920 | Edwardian era | 1901-1915, imperialism, colonialism, class distinctions, Conrad, Barrie, Wells | 42 | |
| 6201811921 | Victorian era | 1837 - 1901, difficult lives, moral lesson, Hardy, George Elliot, Dickens, Carroll | 43 | |
| 6201811922 | Modern era | 1914 - 1945, war, alienation, T.S. Eliot, Wolf, Faulkner, Fitzgerald, Steinbeck | 44 | |
| 6201813592 | Post-modern era | 1945-2000, irony, satire, paradox, Miller, Vonnegut | 45 | |
| 6201813594 | John Milton | Paradise Lost | 46 | |
| 6201816402 | Robert Browning | My Last Duchess | 47 | |
| 6201816403 | Joseph Conrad | Heart of Darkness | 48 | |
| 6201816404 | Mary Shelley | Frankenstein | 49 | |
| 6201818517 | Oscar Wilde | Importance of Being Earnest | 50 | |
| 6201821833 | John Steinbeck | Grapes of Wrath, Of Mice and Men | 51 | |
| 6201821834 | William Faulkner | A Rose for Emily, Barn Burning | 52 | |
| 6201884900 | 18th Century | 1700-1799, political, reason, Swift, Voltaire | 53 | |
| 6201916491 | Shakespeare | The Tempest, Hamlet, Julius Caesar, King Lear, Romeo and Juliet | 54 | |
| 6201919642 | Marlow, narrator | Heart of Darkness | 55 | |
| 6201921870 | Kurtz | Heart of Darkness | 56 | |
| 6201923341 | Congo | Heart of Darkness | 57 | |
| 6201925131 | Accountant, Station Manager | Heart of Darkness | 58 | |
| 6201927485 | Savagery of colonialism | Heart of Darkness | 59 | |
| 6201927486 | Victor | Frankenstein | 60 | |
| 6201929399 | Creation | Frankenstein | 61 | |
| 6201931731 | Arctic and Europe | Frankenstein | 62 | |
| 6201931732 | Elizabeth | Frankenstein | 63 | |
| 6201935351 | Need to accept responsibility | Frankenstein | 64 | |
| 6201935352 | Prospero | Tempest | 65 | |
| 6201937566 | Miranda | Tempest | 66 | |
| 6201937567 | Caliban | Tempest | 67 | |
| 6201939233 | Value of mercy | Tempest | 68 | |
| 6201944647 | Explain God's actions to man | Paradise Lost | 69 | |
| 6201947141 | Comedy of multiple identities | Importance of Being Earnest | 70 | |
| 6201961986 | Arrogant, controlling duke | My Last Duchess | 71 | |
| 6201964466 | Crucible | Arthur Miller | 72 | |
| 6201964467 | In Cold Blood | Truman Capote | 73 | |
| 6201967015 | Julius Caesar | William Shakespeare | 74 | |
| 6201967016 | Scarlett Letter | Nathaniel Hawthorne | 75 | |
| 6201989879 | John Donne | Holy Sonnet 10, Valedictory Forbidding Mourning, No Man is an Island | 76 | |
| 6201998440 | Valedictory Forbidding Mourning | conceit | 77 | |
| 6201998441 | My Last Duchess | dramatic monologue | 78 | |
| 6202002070 | dramatic monologue | a poem where a speaker speaks to an unseen but clearly present audience at a critical moment in his or her life | 79 | |
| 6202017774 | epistolary | told in letter form | 80 | |
| 6202019451 | frame novels | Frankenstein, Heart of Darkness | 81 | |
| 6202021071 | bildingsroman novel | coming of age story | 82 | |
| 6202051695 | homily | a speech that focuses on religious or spiritual enlightenment | 83 | |
| 6202057039 | connotation | the mood associated with a word | 84 |
AP Literature Vocabulary 3 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 4959466881 | accredit (verb) | to offically recognize, accept, or approve of someone or something. | 0 | |
| 4959466882 | credence (noun) | acceptance, support, or belief that something is true. | 1 | |
| 4959466883 | credential (noun) | the abilities and experience that make someone suitable for a particular job or activity, or proof oc someones abilities and experience. | 2 | |
| 4959466884 | credibility (noun) | the fact that someone can be believed or trusted. | 3 | |
| 4959466885 | creditable (adj) | deserving praise, trust, or respect. | 4 | |
| 4959466886 | credulous (adj) | too willing to believe what you are told and so easily deceived. | 5 | |
| 4959466887 | creed (noun) | a formal statement or system of esp. religious beliefs. | 6 | |
| 4959466888 | discredit (verb) | to give people reason stop believing someone or to doubt the truth of something. | 7 | |
| 4959466889 | incredible (adj) | impossible or very difficult to believe. | 8 | |
| 4959466890 | miscreant (noun) | someone who behaves badly or does not obey rules. | 9 |
AP English Literature Vocabulary Week 1 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 4782183235 | Subversive | intended to destroy or undermine existing system | 0 | |
| 4782183236 | Inexorable | not to be persuaded or moved | 1 | |
| 4782183237 | Benevolent | expressing goodwill or kindly feelings | 2 | |
| 4782183238 | Diffident | Lacking self-confidence in ones own ability or worth | 3 | |
| 4782183239 | Acquiesce | to comply without protest | 4 | |
| 4782183240 | Surfeit | excess; excessive amount | 5 | |
| 4782183241 | Admonish | to reprove or scold | 6 | |
| 4782183242 | Obdurate | stubborn, unyielding, unmoved by persuasion or pity | 7 | |
| 4782183243 | Capricious | erratic, fanciful, lead by a sudden odd notion | 8 | |
| 4782183244 | Haughty | disdainfully proud, snobbish, arrogant | 9 | |
| 4782183245 | Audacious | extremely bold or daring, recklessly brave | 10 | |
| 4782183246 | Obsequious | servilely compliant; fawning | 11 |
Poetic Terms AP Literature Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 6067758335 | alliteration | the repetition of initial consonant sounds Example"Silence surged softly..." |  | 0 |
| 6067758336 | assonance | the repetition of vowel sounds followed by different consonants in two or more stressed syllables Examples: "purple curtain," "young love" |  | 1 |
| 6067758340 | meter | a generally regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry | 2 | |
| 6067758341 | Feet | are the individual building blocks of meter. | 3 | |
| 6067758342 | Iambic | duh-DUH, as in "above" |  | 4 |
| 6067758343 | Anapestic | duh-duh-DUH as in "but of course" | 5 | |
| 6067758344 | Dactylic | DUH-duh-duh, as in "honestly" | 6 | |
| 6067758345 | Trochaic | DUH-duh, as in "pizza" |  | 7 |
| 6067758346 | Iambic pentameter | duh-DUH (five iambic feet in one line...Shakespearean sonnets) |  | 8 |
| 6067758352 | blank verse | verse written in unrhymed, iambic pentameter |  | 9 |
| 6067758354 | elegy | a poem of mourning, usually over the death of an individual |  | 10 |
| 6067758355 | epic | a long narrative poem that relates the great deeds of a larger-than-life hero who embodies the values of a particular society |  | 11 |
| 6067758356 | epitaph | an inscription on a gravestone or a commemorative poem written as if it were for that purpose |  | 12 |
| 6067758357 | free verse | unrhymed poetry not written in a regular rhythmical pattern or meter. It seeks to capture the rhythms of speech |  | 13 |
| 6067758360 | lyric poem | verse that expresses the personal observations and feelings of a single speaker |  | 14 |
| 6067758363 | Shakespearean/English sonnet | a sonnet which consists of three quatrains and a couplet. The most common rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg. |  | 15 |
| 6067758364 | Petrarchan/Italian sonnet | a sonnet which consists of an octave and a sestet with the rhyme scheme being abbaabba cdecde. There is usually a pronounced tonal shift between the octave and sestet as well. |  | 16 |
| 6067758365 | sestina | a poem that consists of six six-line stanzas and a three-line envoy. It makes no use of refrain. The form is usually unrhymed; rather it has a fixed pattern of end-words which demands that these end-words in each stanza be the same, though arranged in a different sequence each time. |  | 17 |
| 6067758368 | couplet | two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme. Heroic couplet is also in iambic pentameter. |  | 18 |
| 6067758369 | enjambment | the continuation of the sense and grammatical construction of a verse or couplet on to the next verse or couplet. In other words, the line is not end-stopped, but wraps around to the next line. |  | 19 |
| 6067758370 | stanza | a group of lines in a poem, considered as a unit, like a paragraph in prose Examples of types of stanzas Couplet, two lines that rhyme Tercet- 3 lines quatrain 4 lines, Cinquain- 5 lines, sestet 6 lines Septets- 7 lines, octaves 8 lines | 20 | |
| 6067758371 | allusion | reference to a well-known person, text, historical event, etc. Example Shakespearean and Biblical allusions |  | 21 |
| 6067758372 | apostrophe | when an absent person, an abstract concept, or an important object is directly addressed. | 22 | |
| 6067758373 | conceit | unconventional/unexpected metaphors |  | 23 |
| 6067758374 | metaphor | unexpected comparison between two unalike things |  | 24 |
| 6067758375 | extended metaphor | a metaphor carried throughout the text or poem | 25 | |
| 6067758376 | personfication | giving human qualities to an inanimate object or force | 26 | |
| 6067758377 | connotation | all the meanings, associations, or emotions that a word suggests |  | 27 |
| 6067758378 | denotation | dictionary definition of a word |  | 28 |
| 6067758379 | diction | word choice. To discuss a writer's diction is to consider the vocabulary used, the appropriateness of the words, the vividness of the language, and the accompanying connotations of a specific word choice |  | 29 |
| 6067758380 | metonymy | a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. Example: The soldier led with his gun. |  | 30 |
| 6067758381 | synechdoche | a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. |  | 31 |
AP Language Vocabulary Set #1 Flashcards
Terms needed for success on the AP Language and Composition Exam
Terms : Hide Images
| 4795321083 | Personification | The assigning of human qualities to inanimate objects or concepts. An example: Wordsworth's "the sea that bares her bosom to the moon." | 0 | |
| 4795321084 | Antithesis | the presentation of two contrasting images. The ideas are balanced by phrase, clause, or paragraphs. "To be or not to be . . ." "It was the best of times; it was the worst of times . . ." "Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country . . ." | 1 | |
| 4795321087 | Synecdoche | . a figure of speech that utilizes a part as representative of the whole. "All hands on deck" is an example. | 2 | |
| 4795321090 | Euphony | the pleasant, mellifluous presentation of sounds in a literary work. | 3 | |
| 4795321091 | Metonomy | a term from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name" __ is a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. For example: a news release that claims "The White House declared" rather than "The President declared" | 4 | |
| 4795321095 | Metaphor | a direct comparison between dissimilar things. "Your eyes are stars" is an example. | 5 | |
| 4795321110 | Ethos | an appeal based on the character of the speaker. An __-driven document relies on the reputation of the author. | 6 | |
| 4795321112 | Consonance | Repetition of a consonant sound within two or more words in close proximity. | 7 | |
| 4795321113 | Pathos | an appeal based on emotion. | 8 | |
| 4795321114 | Logos | an appeal based on logic or reason | 9 | |
| 4795321116 | Anecdote | A story or brief episode told by the writer or a character to illustrate a point. | 10 | |
| 4795321123 | Repetition | The duplication, either exact or approximate, or any element of language, such as sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern. | 11 | |
| 4795321124 | Syntax | The grammatical structure of prose and poetry. | 12 | |
| 4795321125 | Assonance | Repetition of a vowel sound within two or more words in close proximity | 13 | |
| 4795321126 | Argument | A single assertion or a series of assertions presented and defended by the writer | 14 | |
| 4795321144 | Tone | Similar to mood, __ describes the author's attitude toward his or her material, the audience, or both. | 15 | |
| 4795321146 | Asyndeton | Commas used (with no conjunction) to separate a series of words. The parts are emphasized equally when the conjunction is omitted; in addition, the use of commas with no intervening conjunction speeds up the flow of the sentence. X, Y, Z as opposed to X, Y, and Z. | 16 | |
| 4795321150 | Polysyndeton | Deliberate use of many conjunctions in close succession, especially where some might be omitted. Hemingway and the Bible both use extensively. Ex. "he ran and jumped and laughed for joy" | 17 | |
| 4795361177 | anaphora | Deliberate repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row. Ex.: | 18 | |
| 4795362026 | epistrophe | The repetition of a word at the end of successive clauses or sentences. EX.: "...of the people, by the people, for the people..." | 19 | |
| 4795362968 | simile | A figurative usage that compares. It usually uses the words such as "like", "as," or "if." Ex.: "You are like a summer's day..." | 20 | |
| 4795363811 | synecdoche | A form of metaphor that centers on parts of a whole: a part of something is used to signify the whole (Ex.: "All hands on deck.") the whole representing a part (Ex.: "Canada played the United States in the Olympic hockey finals.") the container representing whatever it contains (Ex.: "The pot is boiling.") the material from which the object is made stands for the object itself. (Ex.: "The quarterback tossed the pigskin.") | 21 | |
| 4795368743 | rhetorical technique (also called rhetorical device) | The way in which information is presented. Using metaphor to explain a person's behavior is a type of rhetorical technique. | 22 |
AP Psychology - Language and Cognition Flashcards
Advanced Placement Psychology
Enterprise High School, Redding, CA
All terms from Myers Psychology for AP (BFW Worth, 2011)
Terms : Hide Images
| 6196524488 | cognition | all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. | 0 | |
| 6196524489 | concept | a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people. | 1 | |
| 6196524490 | prototype | a mental image or best example of a category. | 2 | |
| 6196524491 | algorithm | a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier—but also more error-prone—use of heuristics. |  | 3 |
| 6196524492 | heuristic | a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms. | 4 | |
| 6196524493 | insight | a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions. |  | 5 |
| 6196524494 | behaviorist theory | the theory of language development that argues humans learn language through trial/error and gradually learn more effective ways to speak to get what they want | 6 | |
| 6196524495 | confirmation bias | a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence. | 7 | |
| 6196524496 | fixation | the inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set. | 8 | |
| 6196524497 | mental set | a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past. | 9 | |
| 6196524498 | functional fixedness | the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving. | 10 | |
| 6196524499 | representativeness heuristic | judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information. | 11 | |
| 6196524500 | availability heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common. | 12 | |
| 6196524502 | belief perseverance | clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited. | 13 | |
| 6196524503 | Language Acquisition Device | this structure allows for the innate development of language (theorized by Chomsky) | 14 | |
| 6196524504 | framing | the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments. | 15 | |
| 6196524505 | language | our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning. | 16 | |
| 6196524506 | phoneme | in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit. |  | 17 |
| 6196524507 | morpheme | in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix). | 18 | |
| 6196524508 | grammar | in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others. | 19 | |
| 6196524509 | semantics | the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning. | 20 | |
| 6196524510 | syntax | the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language. | 21 | |
| 6196524511 | babbling stage | babies spontaneously uttering a variety of words, such as ah-goo |  | 22 |
| 6196524512 | one-word stage | the stage in which children speak mainly in single words | | 23 |
| 6196524513 | two-word stage | they start uttering two word sentences | | 24 |
| 6196524514 | telegraphic speech | early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram—"go car"—using mostly nouns and verbs. | 25 | |
| 6196524515 | linguistic determinism | Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think. | 26 | |
| 6196524516 | aphasia | loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damage. | 27 | |
| 6196524517 | Broca's area | a region of the brain concerned with the production of speech | 28 | |
| 6196524518 | Wernicke's area | a region of the brain concerned with the comprehension of language | 29 | |
| 6196547684 | over confidence | the tendency to be more confident than correct--to overestimate the accuracy of out beliefs and judgements | 30 | |
| 6196549845 | priming | the activation of particular associations in memory | 31 | |
| 6196552648 | belief bias | is the tendency to judge the strength of arguments based on the plausibility of their conclusion rather than how strongly they support that conclusion. In other words, if people agree with a viewpoint, they are inclined to believe that the process used to obtain the results must also be correct. | 32 | |
| 6196555906 | artificial intelligence | computer or machine that has been created to "think" like a human. The idea behind it is that human reasoning can be understood and defined based on input(your experiences) and output(your actions). When a human makes a decision, they consider certain important variables | 33 | |
| 6196561954 | language relativity theory | 34 | ||
| 6196565394 | bilingual | speak more than one language | 35 | |
| 6196566928 | bf skinner | language aquisition theory--ex: associating objects with words,imitating other people's speech or hand signals, and being reinforced with a smile for saying or signing correctly | 36 | |
| 6196566929 | noam chomsky | children learn from their environment, but he feels that they acquire untaught words and grammar too quickly to be explained solely by learning principles-- he contends that all languages have the same basic building blocks and that therefore there is a universal grammar, and that all children—hearing or deaf—are born with a language acquisition device | 37 | |
| 6196569562 | benjamin whorf | created linguistic determinism | 38 | |
| 6196571004 | wolfgang kohler | monkey experiment--insight | 39 | |
| 6196571005 | allen and beatrix gardner | taught sign to chimpanzee--washoe | 40 | |
| 6196575120 | genie (wild child) | child that was left in home unattended for 13 years didn't speak any language | 41 |
AP Literature Terms Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 5592885815 | Juxtaposition | The fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect. | 0 | |
| 5592896009 | Parallel Structure | Repetition of the same pattern of words or phrases within a sentence or passage to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance. | 1 | |
| 5592905746 | Enjambment | The continuation of a sentence without a pause beyond the end of a line, couplet, or stanza. | 2 | |
| 5592914847 | End Stop | An end-stopped line is a poetic device in which a pause comes at the end of a syntactic unit. | 3 | |
| 5592920825 | Apostrophe | An exclamatory passage in a speech or poem addressed to a person (typically one who is dead or absent) or thing (typically one that is personified). | 4 | |
| 5592933365 | Circular Reasoning | A type of reasoning in which the proposition is supported by the premises, which is supported by the proposition, creating a circle in reasoning where no useful information is being shared. This fallacy is often quite humorous. | 5 | |
| 5592944727 | Satire | A technique employed by writers to expose and criticize foolishness and corruption of an individual or a society by using humor, irony, exaggeration or ridicule. | 6 | |
| 5592950965 | Hyperbole | Involves an exaggeration of ideas for the sake of emphasis. | 7 | |
| 5592957254 | Denouement | A literary device which can be defined as the resolution of the issue of a complicated plot in fiction. | 8 | |
| 5592965904 | Digression | A stylistic device authors employ to create a temporary departure from the main subject of the narrative to focus on apparently unrelated topics, explaining background details. | 9 | |
| 5592970131 | Iambic Pentameter | A line of verse with five metrical feet, each consisting of one short (or unstressed) syllable followed by one long (or stressed) syllable, for example Two households, both alike in dignity. | 10 | |
| 5592978244 | Trochaic Trimeter | Has the opposite pattern of an iamb, and is comprised of stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable. | 11 | |
| 5593029180 | Spondaic Tetrameter | A line of four metrical feet. | 12 | |
| 5593039161 | Dactyl | A foot in poetic meter. In quantitative verse, often used in Greek or Latin, a long syllable followed by two short syllables, as determined by syllable weight. | 13 | |
| 5593048773 | Elegy | A sad poem, usually written to praise and express sorrow for someone who is dead. Although a speech at a funeral, you might later compose to someone you have loved and lost to the grave. | 14 | |
| 5593021190 | Villanelle | A nineteen-line poem with two rhymes throughout, consisting of five tercets and a quatrain, with the first and third lines of the opening tercet recurring alternately at the end of the other tercets and with both repeated at the close of the concluding quatrain. | 15 | |
| 5593077313 | Ode | A lyric poem in the form of an address to a particular subject, often elevated in style or manner and written in varied or irregular meter. | 16 | |
| 5593082329 | Free Verse | A literary device that can be defined as poetry that is free from limitations of regular meter or rhythm and does not rhyme with fixed forms. | 17 | |
| 5593089993 | Soliloquy | A popular literary device often used in drama to reveal the innermost thoughts of a character. | 18 | |
| 5593094452 | Monologue | A long speech by one actor in a play or movie, or as part of a theatrical or broadcast program. | 19 | |
| 5593104378 | Direct Address | The name of the person (normally) who is being directly spoken to. | 20 | |
| 5593111253 | Synecdoche | A figure of speech in which a term for a part of something refers to the whole of something or vice versa. | 21 | |
| 5593117535 | Metonymy | A figure of speech that replaces the name of a thing with the name of something else with which it is closely associated. | 22 | |
| 5593128771 | Couplet | Two lines of verse, usually in the same meter and joined by rhyme, that form a unit. | 23 | |
| 5594323731 | Spondee | A foot consisting of two long (or stressed) syllables. | 24 | |
| 5594444681 | Epitaph | A phrase or statement written in memory of a person who has died, especially as an inscription on a tombstone. | 25 | |
| 5594455199 | Paradox | A statement that is self contradictory because it often contains two statements that are both true, but in general, cannot both be true at the same time. | 26 | |
| 5594473961 | Understatement | A figure of speech employed by writers or speakers to intentionally make a situation seem less important than it really is. | 27 | |
| 5594699670 | Parody | An imitation of a particular writer, artist or a genre, exaggerating it deliberately to produce a comic effect. | 28 | |
| 5594713548 | Oxymoron | A figure of speech in which two opposite ideas are joined to create an effect. The common oxymoron phrase is a combination of an adjective proceeded by a noun with contrasting meanings. | 29 | |
| 5594717749 | Logical Fallacy | A pattern of reasoning rendered invalid by a flaw in its logical structure that can neatly be expressed in a standard logic system, for example propositional logic. An argument that is formally fallacious is always considered wrong. | 30 | |
| 5594740662 | Parable | A figure of speech, which presents a short story typically with a moral lesson at the end. | 31 | |
| 5594754919 | Allegory | A narrative or description having a second or symbolic meaning beneath the surface one. | 32 | |
| 5594766381 | Invective | Insulting, abusive, or highly critical language. | 33 | |
| 5594771556 | Epigram | A pithy saying or remark expressing an idea in a clever and amusing way. | 34 | |
| 5594777623 | Blank Verse | A literary device defined as un-rhyming verse written in iambic pentameter. In poetry and prose, it has a consistent meter with 10 syllables in each line (pentameter). | 35 | |
| 5594792697 | Onomatopoeia | A word, which imitates the natural sounds of a thing. It creates a sound effect that mimics the thing described, making the description more expressive and interesting. | 36 | |
| 5594800594 | Cacophony | A harsh, discordant mixture of sounds. | 37 | |
| 5594805031 | Internal Rhyme | A rhyme involving a word in the middle of a line and another at the end of the line or in the middle of the next. | 38 | |
| 5594812743 | Assonance | Takes place when two or more words close to one another repeat the same vowel sound but start with different consonant sounds. | 39 | |
| 5594817189 | Alliteration | A stylistic device in which a number of words, having the same first consonant sound, occur close together in a series. | 40 | |
| 5594823372 | Chiasmus | A rhetorical or literary figure in which words, grammatical constructions, or concepts are repeated in reverse order, in the same or a modified form; e.g. 'Poetry is the record of the best and happiest moments of the happiest and best minds. | 41 | |
| 5706833191 | Caricature | A picture, description, or imitation of a person or thing in which certain striking characteristics are exaggerated in order to create a comic or grotesque effect. | 42 | |
| 5798318265 | Ambiguity | A word, phrase, or statement which contains more than one meaning. | 43 | |
| 6121699158 | Foil | A character who contrasts with another character (usually the protagonist) in order to highlight particular qualities of the other character. | 44 | |
| 6121949148 | Anapest | A metrical foot consisting of two short or unstressed syllables followed by one long or stressed syllable. | 45 | |
| 6121953690 | Caesura | A break between words within a metrical foot. | 46 | |
| 6121959926 | Tercet | A set or group of three lines of verse rhyming together or connected by rhyme with an adjacent tercet. | 47 | |
| 6121965457 | Quatrain | A stanza of four lines, especially one having alternate rhymes. | 48 | |
| 6121980054 | Magical Realism | Painting in a meticulously realistic style of imaginary or fantastic scenes or images. 2 : a literary genre or style associated especially with Latin America that incorporates fantastic or mythical elements into otherwise realistic fiction. | 49 | |
| 6121988299 | Octave | A series of eight notes occupying the interval between (and including) two notes, one having twice or half the frequency of vibration of the other. | 50 | |
| 6122004906 | Figurative Language | Words or expressions with a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation. When a writer uses literal language, he or she is simply stating the facts as they are. | 51 | |
| 6122009231 | Pronoun Antecedant | Something that precedes something else. In language, it is the word that a pronoun refers back to. Since the pronoun replaces the noun, it has to agree in number. So, if the antecedent, or word that comes before, is singular, then the pronoun that takes its place must also be singular. | 52 | |
| 6122012868 | Analogy | A comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification. | 53 | |
| 6122017591 | Mixed Metaphor | A combination of two or more incompatible metaphors, which produces a ridiculous effect (e.g., this tower of strength will forge ahead). | 54 | |
| 6122023269 | Bikini Kill. Honestly Keith? | An American punk rock band formed in Olympia, Washington, in October 1990. The group consisted of singer and songwriter Kathleen Hanna. | 55 | |
| 6122034597 | Objective Compliment | A noun or an adjective which follows the direct object renaming or modifying it. It is used with verbs like make, name, call, choose, elect, and appoint. | 56 | |
| 6122037509 | Predicate Nominative | A word that completes a copulative verb, such as son in the sentence Charlie is my son. | 57 | |
| 6122040815 | Appositive Modifier | A modifier that is placed next to some other word or phrase, and it is a synonym of or possible replacement for that other word or phrase. Most of the time, appositives are used as noun modifiers and contain nouns themselves. | 58 | |
| 6122049436 | Litotes | Ironic understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by the negative of its contrary (e.g., you won't be sorry, meaning you'll be glad). | 59 | |
| 6122052923 | Euphemism | Mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing. | 60 | |
| 6618106955 | Allusion | A reference, explicit or implicit, to something in previous literature or history. | 61 | |
| 6618111396 | Anecdote | A short account of an interesting or humorous incident. | 62 | |
| 6618115245 | Artistic Unity | That condition of a successful literary work whereby all its elements work together for the achievement of its central purpose. | 63 | |
| 6618123163 | Euphony | The use of words and phrases that are distinguished as having a wide range of noteworthy melody or loveliness in the sounds they create. | 64 | |
| 6618126644 | Genre | A category of literary composition. | 65 | |
| 6618131493 | Imagery | An author's use of vivid and descriptive language to add depth to their work. It appeals to human senses to deepen the reader's understanding of the work. | 66 | |
| 6618137098 | Mood | A literary element that evokes certain feelings or vibes in readers through words and descriptions. | 67 | |
| 6618140393 | Moral | A message that is conveyed or a lesson to be learned from a story or event. | 68 | |
| 6618143743 | Prose | A form of language that has no formal metrical structure. | 69 | |
| 6618147126 | Theme | The central topic a text treats. | 70 | |
| 6618163422 | Tone | An attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience. | 71 | |
| 6618170528 | Topic | The subject of a speech, essay, thesis, or discourse. | 72 | |
| 6618180486 | Setting | The time and place in which the story takes place. | 73 | |
| 6618192808 | Symbol (Symbolism) | The use of symbols to signify ideas and qualities by giving them symbolic meanings that are different from their literal sense. | 74 | |
| 6618202499 | Verse | The literary device verse denotes a single line of poetry. | 75 |
AP World History Chapter 6 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7977938118 | Sub-Saharan Africa | Civilization bisected by the Equator that lagged in the domestication of animals and was suitable for agriculture | 0 | |
| 7977938119 | Kingdom of Meroe (Kush/Nubia) | Civilization that was deeply related to Egypt, had female monarchs, iron smelting, agriculture based on rainfall and the Nile flooding, extensive trade networks, and local religion, declined because of conquest and deforestation | 1 | |
| 7977946910 | Piye (d. 714 BCE) | Ruled Egypt after conquering it | 2 | |
| 7977946911 | Apedemek | Indigenous lion god of war with multiple heads and a human body | 3 | |
| 7977946912 | Kingdom of Axum | Capital was Axum, located in modern Ethiopia, plow-based farming, extensive trade, resisted Islam, obelisks, declined because of the rise of Islam, famine, and degradation of ecology | 4 | |
| 7977949240 | Horn of Africa | Contains the port city, located in East Africa | 5 | |
| 7977949241 | Adulis | Port city located in the Horn of Africa that connected with Indian Ocean trade | 6 | |
| 7977949242 | Obelisk | Structure carved from one stone that had a pointed top | 7 | |
| 7977953015 | Ezana (d. 360s CE) | Ruled Axum, conquers and expands area, ruled during the height, power to be dealt with, Coptic Christianity | 8 | |
| 7977953016 | Jenne-jeno | Largest in Niger River Valley, cluster settlements, domesticated rice, had terra-cotta figures, UNESCO, declined partly because of trade | 9 | |
| 7977954812 | City without Citadels | Collection of small communities around a central town center, not great social stratification, no war or ruling family | 10 | |
| 7977954813 | Griots | Song specialist, poet, story-teller, cultural epics | 11 | |
| 7977954814 | Mesoamerica | Common features included the crops maize, beans, peppers, and squash, human sacrifice, pyramids, male and female gods, a winged serpent, writing that included pictures, hieroglyphs and syllables, not an alphabet | 12 | |
| 7977954815 | Mayan Culture | Located in present-day Guatemala and Mexico, no unified empire, warring states, mathematics, astronomy, and an engineered landscape, collapsed because of a drought, South declined 80% quicker than North | 13 | |
| 7977957496 | El Mirador | Largest Mayan monumental architecture pyramid, hard to find, overgrown, in jungle | 14 | |
| 7977957497 | Tikal | Tourist attraction, recognizable images, contains the Pyramid of the Jaguar | 15 | |
| 7977957498 | Mayan Mathematics | Concept of zero, place notation, combined with Astronomy, solar and lunar eclipses | 16 | |
| 7977957499 | Teotihuacan | Named by Aztec, center of Mexico, language, government, and tombs unknown, semi-divine kings/queens??, planned city, tunnels under pyramids, Street of the Dead, neighborhoods | 17 | |
| 7977961226 | Pyramids of the Sun and Moon | On each end of the Street of the Dead, Sun is the biggest, Moon the second biggest | 18 | |
| 7977961227 | Chavin | Lacked defensive structures and public art, contained The Old Temple, may have been the center of an Andean religious movement | 19 | |
| 7977966070 | Julio Tello (1880-1947) | Discovered Chavin, thought it was a religious center, offerings in corridors leading to stone, local people had memory of oracle | 20 | |
| 7977966071 | El Lanzon | Temple with narrow corridors used for divination, people left gifts, U-shaped, interior corridors, sunken circular plaza with two layers of stone reliefs | 21 | |
| 7977966072 | Oracle | Used in order to ask and answer questions | 22 | |
| 7977966073 | Axis Mundi | World Tree, stone from the ground through the ceiling, connecting heaven and earth, fanged clawed cat | 23 | |
| 7977969401 | San Pedro Cactus | Mescaline, hallucinogenic drug that would transfer the consumer into a god | 24 | |
| 7977969402 | Cult of Feline Deity | Jaguar cult, essential, Andean religious movement? | 25 | |
| 7977969403 | Moche Culture | 13 coastal river systems, massive use of irrigation, city states connected culturally, Incans got credit for their roads, warfare depicted on art, internal?, temples, textiles, ceramics, stirrup pottery, tombs used for pyramids | 26 | |
| 7977969404 | Shaman | Priests buried with riches | 27 | |
| 7977972411 | Lord of Sipan | Priest buried with women, guards, a dog, a child, a crown, wives, warriors, jewelry, clothing, fanged god | 28 | |
| 7977972412 | Wari Culture | Large region, built stage for Inca, North of Lake Titicaca, walled cities, terraced agriculture, camelid herding, stone-paved roads to move herds, no wheels | 29 | |
| 7977972413 | Terraced Agriculture | Like flowerbeds, used corn on a scale never seen before, potatoes, stone-based, drained, top had organic compost | 30 | |
| 7977974571 | Potato | First seen with the Wari culture, 1200 types, 1 strain, disease | 31 | |
| 7977974572 | Camelid Herding | Alpacas and llama herding on a level never seen before | 32 | |
| 7977976996 | Tiwanaku Culture | South of Lake Titicaca, trees were evil, cut down, raised field agriculture, stone walls without mortar, religion borrowed from Chavin | 33 | |
| 7977979820 | Raised-Field Agriculture | 12000 feet above, parallel ditches with water, crops in middle, ditches raised fish to be harvested, enriched water | 34 | |
| 7977979821 | Pueblo Culture | Made out of adobe, interlocking rooms, defensive, NW New Mexico, 4 Corners | 35 | |
| 7977979822 | Kiva | Ceremonial chamber used for religious purposes | 36 | |
| 7977982125 | Chaco Canyon | Intense Pueblo culture, 5000 people, turquoise major trade item, major road network, no domesticated animals, religious network?, sharp decline because of drought and abandonment | 37 | |
| 7977982126 | Pueblo Bonito | Largest, sunken in circles, kivas | 38 | |
| 7977984345 | Chaco Phenomenon | Style of life that radiated a new way of living | 39 | |
| 7977984346 | Acoma Pueblo | Oldest continuously inhabited, sky city, Kachina dolls representing gods | 40 | |
| 7977987221 | Mound Builder Cultures | Include Hopewell, Mississippian, and Natchez | 41 | |
| 7977987222 | Hopewell Culture | Famous for monumental architecture built from earth, Serpent Mound example, Ohio, burial mounds and pyramids, hard to tear down, Mica mineral that can be carved into thin sheets, smoked, made pipes | 42 | |
| 7977989699 | Mississippian Culture | Cahokia, earthwork pyramids, domestic houses, temples, burial buildings on top of mounds, maize-based, extensive trade networks, didn't work with metal, institutionalized social inequality, settlement hierarchy | 43 | |
| 7977989700 | Cahokia | Great Pyramid 15 acres large, top had dwellings where priests live, biggest monumental structure, site for culture, much remains, 10000 people | 44 | |
| 7977989701 | Natchez Culture | Only Mississippian Culture to survive Eurpoeans, matrilineal | 45 | |
| 7977994842 | Matrilineal Society | Family rulers traced through mother | 46 | |
| 7977996869 | Great Suns | Mother gave birth to chief priest, sister next mother of great sun | 47 | |
| 7977999469 | Joseph Smith (1805-1844) | Founder of Mormonism, revelation in the Book of Mormon, history of lost civilization that built great mounds, lost races of white people built them and Jesus visited them | 48 | |
| 7977999470 | Bantu Diffusion | Generation by generation, slowly, natural, peaceful, not conquest or self-conscious, 400 different languages, ironworking, settled agriculture, interacted with foragers, some chiefdoms, some lacked elite specialists, less patriarchal, complementary, women-farming, men-hunt, fish, gather | 49 | |
| 7978001995 | Pygmy (Batwa) | People who were forest specialists who were usually shorter than average | 50 | |
| 7978001996 | Forest Specialists | Pygmy people in Central Africa forests that produced exotic products and elephant tusks and skins | 51 | |
| 7978001997 | Bantu Religion | Importance of ancestor worship, disease because of offending, witches, animism, diviners, continuous revelation, no missionary impulse, localized | 52 | |
| 7978004885 | Animism | The spirit world communicated through inanimate objects, plants, and animals, connector ability | 53 | |
| 7978004886 | Diviners | Got in touch with spirits to predict outcomes | 54 | |
| 7978007389 | Continuous Revelation | More could always be revealed, NOT like Christianity | 55 | |
| 7978007390 | Pacific Oceania | Originated from SE Asia, Micronesia, Melanesia, Polynesia, one of last human migrations, Easter Island furthest East, cut off life, varying chiefdoms, no empires, Austronesian language family, Pacific gave food, birds domesticated, women not pure, patriarchy depended, extensive trade | 56 | |
| 7978009441 | Ecological Impact | Extinction of Moa bird, East Island was deforested by rats, abandoned | 57 | |
| 7978012340 | Pohnpei | Built canals, Venice of the Pacific, kings of island, secluded, forbidden city | 58 | |
| 7978012341 | Tatau | Body decoration, tattoo, intricate, whole body | 59 | |
| 7978012342 | Mana | Spiritual power of chiefs, cross over to other world, tribal priest | 60 | |
| 7978012343 | Tapu | Protected people and holiness of priests, taboo, line can't be crossed | 61 | |
| 7978015056 | Lapita | Pottery style with an extraordinary range | 62 | |
| 7978015057 | Thor Heyerdahl | Built the Kon-Tiki, fascinated with trade, proved South Americans went West across the ocean, DNA on islands, 8% from South America | 63 | |
| 7978027768 | Kon-Tiki | 6-person vessel using technology and materials from ancient voyagers, 100-day, 400-mile trip | 64 |
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