| 5847021423 | [C] They Include compartments where hydrogen ions are concentrated. | [1] Which of the following is true of both mitochondria and chloroplasts?
-----------------------------------------------
[A] They are found in the cells of eukaryotic autotrophs and heterotrophs.
[B] They include stacks of membranes that absorb light.
[C] They Include compartments where hydrogen ions are concentrated.
[D] They produce sugars using energy harvested in the cytoplasm.
[E] They break down sugar to produce ATP. | | 0 |
| 5847021424 | [D] interactions between amino acids present in the polypeptide. | [2] The tertiary structure and function of a polypeptide is principally determined by the:
-----------------------------------------------
[A] length of the polypeptide.
[B] number of nucleotides present in the polypeptide.
[C] repeated units of glycerol making up the polypeptide.
[D] interactions between amino acids present in the polypeptide.
[E] number of introns within the polypeptide. | | 1 |
| 5847021426 | [C] swell and lyse | [4] If red blood cells cultured in an isotonic medium are placed in distilled water, they will most likely:
-----------------------------------------------
[A] remain unchanged
[B] shrivel
[C] swell and lyse
[D] divide
[E] become dormant | | 2 |
| 5847021427 | [C] DNA sequence comparisons | [5] The best evidence that the giant panda is more closely related to bears than is the racoonlike lesser panda involves:
(Note from Matthew: I swear this is the wording on the test)
-----------------------------------------------
[A] comparative anatomy
[B] comparative embryology
[C] DNA sequence comparisons
[D] behavioral simliarities
[E] fossil records | | 3 |
| 5847021429 | [A] A triglyceride | [7] Metabolism of which the following molecules results in the greatest net usable energy per gram?
-----------------------------------------------
[A] A triglyceride
[B] A tripetide
[C] An alpha-linked disaccharide
[D] A beta-linked disaccharide
[E] An anabolic steriod |  | 4 |
| 5847021430 | [B] rough endoplasmic reticulum | [8] Cells that make up salivary glands would be expected to contain a relatively large amount of:
-----------------------------------------------
[A] smooth endoplasmic reticulum
[B] rough endoplasmic reticulum
[C] genetic material
[D] lipids
[E] peroxisomes | | 5 |
| 5847021431 | [C] Prokaryotes are structurally less complex than eukaryotes are. | [9] Which of the following characteristics distinguishes prokaryotic organisms from eukaryotic organisms?
-----------------------------------------------
[A] Prokaryotes are unicellular, while all eukaryotes are multicellular.
[B] Prokaryotes are aquatic, while eukaryotes are terrestrial.
[C] Prokaryotes are structurally less complex than eukaryotes are.
[D] Prokaryotes require a host to replicate, while eukaryotes do not.
[E] Prokaryotes lack a cell membrane, while eukaryotes do not. | | 6 |
| 5847021433 | [B] Tay-Sachs disease | [11] Which of the following diseases is caused by the lack of a functional gene responsible for a specific enzyme?
-----------------------------------------------
[A] Down Syndrome
[B] Tay-Sachs disease
[C] Ricketts
[D] Malaria
[E] Influenza | | 7 |
| 5847021436 | [D] Sporophyte --> meiosis --> gametophyte --> gametes --> fertilization --> zygote --> sporophyte | [14] Which of the following sequences best represents the life cycle of a typical angiosperm?
-----------------------------------------------
[A] Gametophyte --> meiosis --> gametes --> fertilization --> sporophyte --> spores --> zygote --> gametophyte
[B] Gametophyte --> gametes --> meiosis --> fertilization --> sporophyte --> spores --> zygote --> gametophyte
[C] Sporophyte --> meiosis --> gametophyte --> spores --> fertilization --> zygote --> sporophyte
[D] Sporophyte --> meiosis --> gametophyte --> gametes --> fertilization --> zygote --> sporophyte
[E] Sporophyte --> spores --> gametophyte --> meiosis --> gametes --> fertilization --> zygote --> sporophyte | | 8 |
| 5847021438 | [C] The inhibitor binds to the enzyme but not at its active site. | [16] Which of the following best describes allosteric inhibition of an enzyme?
-----------------------------------------------
[A] The inhibitor binds to the mRNA to prevent translation of the enzyme.
[B] The inhibitor binds to the enzyme substrate.
[C] The inhibitor binds to the enzyme but not at its active site.
[D] The inhibitor binds to the enzyme at its active site.
[E] the inhibitor binds to the gene that encodes for the enzyme. |  | 9 |
| 5847021439 | [A] Lysosome . . lipid hydrolysis | [17] Which of the following organelles is correctly matched with its function?
-----------------------------------------------
[A] Lysosome . . lipid hydrolysis
[B] Nucleolus . . protein synthesis
[C] Ribosome . . carbohydrate synthesis
[D] Mitochondrion . . Calvin cycle
[E] Endoplasmic reticulum . . transcription | | 10 |
| 5847021440 | [A] Autosomal dominant | [18] The occurence of particular genetic condition in a family is shown in the pedigree above. Which of the following is the most likely inheritance pattern for the individuals with the condition? Squares respresent males, circles respresent females, and shaded symbols respresent individuals who exhibit the condition.
-----------------------------------------------
[A] Autosomal dominant
[B] Sex-linked dominant
[C] Y linked
[D] Autosomal recessive
[E] Sex-linked recessive |  | 11 |
| 5847021443 | [A] The water's ability to hold oxygen decreases. | [21] Which of the following is the most direct result of the heating up of pond water during the summer?
-----------------------------------------------
[A] The water's ability to hold oxygen decreases.
[B] The water's ability to act as a buffer changes.
[C] The viscosity of the water increases.
[D] Hydrogen bonding at the surface of the water increases.
[E] Less light penetrates the surface of the water. | | 12 |
| 5847021444 | [E] Rough endoplasmic reticulum --> Golgi complex --> vesicle --> plasma membrane | [22] A protein is synthesized in the cytoplasm and transported to the plasma membrane. Which of the following summarizes the protein's pathway in the cell?
-----------------------------------------------
[A] Smooth endoplasmic reticulum --> nucleus --> vesicle --> plasma membrane
[B] Plastid --> rough endoplasmic reticulum --> plasma membrane
[C] Nucleus --> vesicle --> rough endoplasmic reticulum --> plasma membrane
[D] Smooth endoplasmic reticulum --> microfilament --> vesicle --> plasma membrane
[E] Rough endoplasmic reticulum --> Golgi complex --> vesicle --> plasma membrane |  | 13 |
| 5847021445 | [E] | [23] |  | 14 |
| 5847021447 | [D] Lactate | [25] In mammals, which of the following substances is produced in a muscle that operates anaerobically?
-----------------------------------------------
[A] Acetyl CoA
[B] Citrate
[C] NADPH
[D] Lactate
[E] Oxygen |  | 15 |
| 5847021450 | [A] Plant cell mitochondria consume oxygen by aerobic respiration. | [28] A scientist studying the oxygen concentration in sealed chambers containing cultured plant cells finds that when the chambers are illuminated, the concentration of oxygen increases. However, when the chambers are kept in the dark, the concentration of oxygen decreases. Why does the oxygen concentration decrease when the chamber is kept in the dark?
-----------------------------------------------
[A] Plant cell mitochondria consume oxygen by aerobic respiration.
[B] Plant cell chloroplasts run the photosynthetic pathways backward to consume oxygen.
[C] Plant cell chloroplasts switch their structure and function and become mitochondria.
[D] The chambers must not be properly sealed, so that oxygen is leaking out.
[E] The cultures in the chambers must be contaminated with some animal cells, since only animal cells consume oxygen. | | 16 |
| 5847021452 | [E] light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis | [30] Production of ATP occurs in all of the following processes EXCEPT:
-----------------------------------------------
[A] glycolysis
[B] Krebs cycle
[C] electron transport system and chemiosmosis
[D] light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis
[E] light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis |  | 17 |
| 5847021453 | [D] Atoms --> molecules --> cells --> organisms --> ecosystems | [31] Which of the following statements most correctly represents the organization of living systems from smallest to largest?
-----------------------------------------------
[A] Molecules --> organs --> cells --> organisms
[B] Cells --> tissues --> molecules --> ecosystems --> communities
[C] Organisms --> molecules --> cells --> atoms
[D] Atoms --> molecules --> cells --> organisms --> ecosystems
[E] Organs --> plants --> animals --> cells | | 18 |
| 5847021456 | [C] Bacteria produce lactic acid, which lowers the pH and denatures the milk proteins. | [34] Milk kept past the expiration date often spoils, tastes sour, and develops stringy curds. This can be explained by which of the following?
-----------------------------------------------
[A] Fermentation produces ethanol and fibrous by-products
[B] Yeasts from citric acid, which causes the yeast cells to form long chains.
[C] Bacteria produce lactic acid, which lowers the pH and denatures the milk proteins.
[D] The Krebs cycle is converted to the Calvin cycle.
[E] The production of fatty acids raises the temperature and polymerizes lactose. | | 19 |
| 5847021458 | [D] ATP synthesized from ADP and inorganic phosphate. | [36] Which of the following occurs in both fermentation and aerobic cellular respiration?
-----------------------------------------------
[A] Oxygen and carbon dioxide are consumed.
[B] FAD is reduced, driving ATP synthesis.
[C] Proton gradients are produced across membranes.
[D] ATP synthesized from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
[E] Most of the energy from glucose is released as carbon dioxide. |  | 20 |
| 5847021462 | [D] An increase in glucose catabolism | [40] Which of the following occurs in the immediate fight-or-flight response to danger or fear?
-----------------------------------------------
[A] An increase in glycogen synthesis
[B] An increase in digestive activity
[C] Release of ACTH from the pituitary
[D] An increase in glucose catabolism
[E] A decrease in noradrenaline |  | 21 |
| 5847021464 | D) MAGNESIUM | [42] Which of the following ions is significantly involved in the opening and closing of the stomata?
-----------------------------------------------
[A] Calcium
[B] Nitrogen
[C] Potassium
[D] Magnesium
[E] Iron | | 22 |
| 5847021472 | [A] The Calvin cycle is confined to the bundle sheath cells. | [55] Which of the following is TRUE of C4, plants such as corn?
-----------------------------------------------
[A] The Calvin cycle is confined to the bundle sheath cells.
[B] The plants are classified as cacti.
[C] The stomata open at night rather than during the day.
[D] They will not grow in climates where the temperature exceeds 70°F.
[E] They have an anatomy that is found only in gymnosperms. | | 23 |
| 5847021478 | [B] Chlorophyll | [61] Molecule contains a porphyrin ring with a central magnesium atom
-----------------------------------------------
[A] Phytochrome
[B] Chlorophyll
[C] Ethylene
[D] Auxin
[E] Abscisic acid | | 24 |
| 5847021481 | [B] Chlorophyll | [64] Molecule that can absorb photons of light and release electrons to the primary electron acceptor
-----------------------------------------------
[A] Phytochrome
[B] Chlorophyll
[C] Ethylene
[D] Auxin
[E] Abscisic acid | | 25 |
| 5847021482 | [A] Nonsense codon | [65] Protein synthesis termination triplet [Match]
-----------------------------------------------
[A] Nonsense codon
[B] Anticodon
[C] Ribosome
[D] Exon
[E] Poly-A tail | | 26 |
| 5847021483 | [C] Ribosome | [66] Site of protein synthesis [Match]
-----------------------------------------------
[A] Nonsense codon
[B] Anticodon
[C] Ribosome
[D] Exon
[E] Poly-A tail | | 27 |
| 5847021484 | [E] Poly-A tail | [67] Base sequence on messenger RNA that aids its transport across the nuclear envelope [Match]
-----------------------------------------------
[A] Nonsense codon
[B] Anticodon
[C] Ribosome
[D] Exon
[E] Poly-A tail | | 28 |
| 5847021485 | [B] Anticodon | [68] Triplet on tPNA [Match]
-----------------------------------------------
[A] Nonsense codon
[B] Anticodon
[C] Ribosome
[D] Exon
[E] Poly-A tail | | 29 |
| 5847021490 | [D] Protons | The flow of which of the following into the mitochondrial matrix provides the chemiosmotic energy for the synthesis of ATP?
-----------------------------------------------
[A] Inorganic phosphate
[B] ADP
[C] Glucose
[D] Protons
[E] Electrons | | 30 |
| 5847021492 | [A] The sporophyte generation become more dominant than the gametophyte generation. | [51] As plants evolved from simple to more complex forms, which of the following occurred?
-----------------------------------------------
[A] The sporophyte generation become more dominant than the gametophyte generation.
[B] The haploid generation was lost.
[C] The haploid generation become dominant.
[D] The gametophyte generation become dominant over the sporophyte generation.
[E] The gametophyte and the sporophyte generations gained equal prominence. | | 31 |
| 5847021493 | [C] They will be maintained at the same frequency. | [52] If a population is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which of the following can be predicted for the recessive alleles in the population?
-----------------------------------------------
[A] They will eventually disappear.
[B] They will be selected against.
[C] They will be maintained at the same frequency.
[D] They will be expressed in the heterozygous condition.
[E] They will become dominant. | | 32 |
| 5847021496 | [D] | [74] [Match] Dopamine contains this functional group. |  | 33 |
| 5847021504 | [E] II and IV | [82] The photosynthetic pattern of this plant species is unusual for which of the following reasons?
I. It has a higher rate of carbon dioxide uptake during the light period than during the dark period.
II. It has a higher rate of carbon dioxide uptake during the dark period than during the light period.
III. There is a positive correlation between the rate of carbon dioxide uptake and tissue starch concentration.
IV. There is an inverse correlation between the rate of carbon dioxide uptake and tissue starch concentration.
-----------------------------------------------
[A] I only
[B] II only
[C] IV only
[D] I and III
[E] II and IV |  | 34 |
| 5847021519 | [B] Primers that correspond to the 5' and 3' ends of the sequence near the SNP sites | [97] In order to amplify the sequence with part of TAS2R38 gene, which of the following would be the appropriate primers to use?
-----------------------------------------------
[A] Primers that complement the telomeric sequences of the chromosomes
[B] Primers that correspond to the 5' and 3' ends of the sequence near the SNP sites
[C] RNA primers that complement the cDNA of the sequence of the whole gene
[D] Degenerate DNA primers that will amplify both wild-type and SNP sequences
[E] DNA primers for the chromosome known to include the TAS2R38 gene |  | 35 |
| 5847021520 | [A] The nontaster allele (t) will not be cut and will therefore generate a larger fragment. | [98] Why does digesting the DNA with enzyme X enable a prediction of the cell donor's ability to taste?
-----------------------------------------------
[A] The nontaster allele (t) will not be cut and will therefore generate a larger fragment.
[B] Tasters will have three cutting sites instead of one.
[C] The taster allele (T) will produce a larger protein than the nontaster allele (t).
[D] Nontasters lack recognition sites for any restriction enzymes.
[E] Enzyme X will cut within the coding sequence of gene TAS2R38. | | 36 |
| 5847098028 | The ends of eukaryotic chromosomes can be lengthened by
a.
apoptosis.
b.
reverse transcriptase.
c.
primase.
d.
telomerase.
e.
DNA polymerase. | d) TELOMERASE | | 37 |
| 5847117545 | c.
moves to the P site of the ribosome. | Following peptide bond formation between the amino acid in the A site on the ribosome and the growing polypeptide chain, the tRNA in the A site:
a.
releases the growing polypeptide chain.
b.
picks up another amino acid to add to the chain.
c.
moves to the P site of the ribosome.
d.
forms a peptide bond with A site of the ribosome.
e.
forms a covalent bond with the P site of the ribosome. |  | 38 |
| 5847194062 | a) NONSENSE | Substitution of one base pair for another can result in a __________ mutation that results in the conversion of an amino acid specifying codon to a termination codon.
a.
nonsense
b.
frameshift
c.
chromosomal
d.
missense
e.
None of these. |  | 39 |
| 5847960232 | c.
eukaryotic; RNA polymerase binds | A TATA box is seen in __________ cells and is the site where __________.
a.
bacterial; RNA polymerase binds
b.
eukaryotic; DNA ligase cleaves introns
c.
eukaryotic; RNA polymerase binds
d.
both bacterial and eukaryotic; transcription factors bind
e.
bacterial; a repressor protein binds | | 40 |
| 5847970337 | C. PLASMIDS ARE TRANSFERRED INTO BACTERIAL CELLS | Transformation is a process whereby:
a. bacteria are transferred into plasmid cells.
b. viruses are transferred into bacterial cells.
c. plasmids are transferred into bacterial cells. |  | 41 |
| 5847980344 | B)Exons are cut out before mRNA leaves the nucleus. | Which of the following is not true of RNA processing?
A) Ribozymes may function in RNA splicing.
B)Exons are cut out before mRNA leaves the nucleus.
C)Nucleotides may be added at both ends of the RNA.
D) RNA splicing can be catalyzed by spliceosomes. |  | 42 |
