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ap world history ch 28 Flashcards

5829041120	tah mahal	a monument created by shah jahan of the mughal dynasty in india to honor his wife, it took 18 years to build, it is also a mosque	0
5829044842	peacock throne	a throne made by the emperor of mughal india, the most spectacular seat that any human at the time would ever sit on, made by shah jahan, encrusted with 10 million rupees worth in jewels	1
5829050234	mughals	the indian "mongol" empire, founded by Babur who claimed descendancy from chinggis khan and tamerlane	2
5829062604	ghazi	muslim religious warriors, the ottomans strived to become these, they fought on behalf of Allah, "the sword of God", the ottomans organized them into two forces; volunteers and slave soldiers	3
5829067389	janissaries	the christian population of the balkan region who became slave soldiers to the ottoman sultan, they were converted to islam and eventually became very loyal to the sultan	4
5829071107	qizilbash	"red heads", followers of the Twelver Shiism religion, shah ismail was a believer of this religion that was a sect of shiite islam, they believed in the 12 true leaders of islam who were all reincarnations of allah, they believed ismail to be the 12th, they wore distinctive red hats	5
5829079593	safavids	the royal family that shah ismail claimed descendency from and named his persian empire after	6
5829082058	ottomans	the followers of osman bey and the citizens of the empire he created based out of anatolia and istanbul/constantinople	7
5829088539	kanun	"laws" created by Suleyman the magnificent, a set of legal edicts for the ottoman people	8
5829092247	millet	autonomous religious communities in the ottoman empire, religious peoples could retain their own languages, civil laws, and traditions, these communities were not practical in the Mughal empire	9
5829110702	sikhs	members of a syncretic religion that combined elements of hinduism and islam, another religion that akbar supported	10
5829117430	shah jahan	the architect of the Taj Mahal, the Peacock Throne, the taj mahal which was in memory of his wife who died, he was imprisoned by his son who took power from him and he was placed in a cell and the only way he could see the monument he created for his wife was with the reflection of a mirror	11
5829125067	osman bey	the founder of the ottoman empire, he was the chief of a seminomadic turkish group that migrated to anatolia, him an his followers sought to become ghazi	12
5829131651	mehmed ii	reigned 1451-1481, the ottoman sultan who led the capture of constantinople and opened a new chapter in ottoman expansion, he worked very hard to stimulate trade in his realm, he laid the foundations for a tightly centralized absolute monarchy	13
5829140349	selim the grim	reigned 1512-1520, the ottoman sultan who occupied syria and egypt	14
5829143801	suleyman the magnificent	reigned 1520-1566, the ottoman sultan who vigorously promoted expansion, he conquered baghdad and mesopotamia, and spread into hungary, he also organized a very powerful navy which was a combination of ottoman and captured lands' fleets	15
5829152709	khayr al-din barbarossa pasha		16
5829161418	shah ismail	reigned 1501-1524, he the ancient persian imperial title of shah, began his own empire, with twelver shiism as the official religion traced his lineage back to sufi al din	17
5829170188	safi al din	1252-1334, a leader of a sufi religious order in northwestern persia, he was famous and ismail claimed relation to him	18
5829173944	shah abbas	reigned 1588-1629, he fully revitalized the the safavid empire, he moved the capital to a busier center of trade, encouraged foreign trade, increased the use of gunpowder,	19
5829183198	zahir al din muhammad	also known as babur or the tiger, he claimed descent from chinggis khan, and suddenly appeared in northern india, and conquered much of it	20
5829191354	akbar	reigned 1556-1605, he was the real architect of the mughal empire, the grandson of babur, he was a very charismatic leader, he created a centralized administrative structure, he was deeply interested in religion and philosophy, and he created a policy of religious toleration, created his own syncretic religion call the "divine faith"	21
5829203675	aurangzeb	reigned 1659-1707, ruled mughal india while it was at its largest, he faced many rebellions and religious tensions between the hindus and muslims, he broke akbar's policy of religious toleration, destroyed many hindu religious temples, put a tax on hindus	22

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AP World History Chapter 20 Flashcards

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6078212557	Factories	trading stations with resident merchants established by the Portuguese and other Europeans	0
6078212558	El Mina	important Portuguese factory on the coast of modern Ghana	1
6078212559	Nzinga Mvemba	ruler of the Kongo kingdom (1507-1543); converted to Christianity; his efforts to integrate Portuguese and African ways foundered because of the slave trade	2
6078212560	Luanda	Portuguese settlement founded in the 1520s; became the core for the colony of Angola	3
6078212561	Royal African Company	chartered in Britain in the 1660s to establish a monopoly over the African trade; supplied slaves to British New World colonies	4
6078212562	Indies piece	a unit in the complex exchange system of the west African trade; based on the value of an adult male slave	5
6078212563	triangular trade	complex commercial pattern linking Africa, the Americas, and Europe; slaves from Africa went to the New World; American agricultural products went to Europe; European goods went to Africa	6
6078212564	Asante	Akan state among the Akan people of Ghana and centered at Kumasi	7
6078212565	Osei Tutu	important ruler who began centralization and expansion of Asante	8
6078212566	Asantehene	title, created by Osei Tutu, of the civil and religious ruler Asante	9
6078212567	Benin	African kingdom in the Bight of Benin; at the height of its power when European arrived; famous for its bronze casting techniques	10
6078212568	Dahomey	African state among the Fon peoples; developed in the 17th century centered at Abomey; became a major slave trading through utilization of Western firearms	11
6078212569	Luo	Nilotic people who migrated from the Upper NIle regions to establish dynasties in the lake region of central Africa	12
6078212570	Usuman Dan Fodio	Muslim Fulani leader who launched a great religious movement among the Hausa	13
6078212571	Great Trek	movement inland during the 1830s of Dutch-ancestry settlers in South Africa seeking to escape their British colonial government	14
6078212572	Shaka	ruler among the Nguni peoples of southeast Africa during the early 19th century; developed military tactics that created the Zulu state	15
6078212573	Mfecane	wars among Africans in southern Africa during the early 19th century; caused migrations and alterations in African political organizations	16
6078212574	Swazi and Lesotho	African states formed by people reacting to the stresses of the Mfecane	17
6078212575	Middle Passage	slave voyage form Africa to the Americas; a deadly and traumatic experience	18
6078212576	Saltwater slaves	name given to slaves born in Africa; distinguished from American-born descendants, the creoles	19
6078212577	obeah	African religious practices in the British American islands	20
6078212578	candomble	African religious practices in Brazil among the Yoruba	21
6078212579	vodun	African religious practices among descendants in Haiti	22
6078212580	Palmares	Angolan-led, large runaway slave state in 17th-century Brazil	23
6078212581	Surinam Maroons	descendants of 18th-century runaway slaves who found permanent refuge in the rainforests of Surinam and French Guiana	24

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AP World History: Important words Flashcards

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8041967432	Cease	bring/come to an end	0
8041980162	distort	twist out of shape	1
8041982703	diversify	make/become more diverse	2
8041988893	innovate	make changes in something established by introducing new methods, ideas, or products	3
8042001002	modified	make partial/minor changes to something	4
8042005010	modulate	apply a modifying or controlling influence on	5
8042013436	permutate	change the order or arrangement of	6
8042028354	refine	improve something by making small changes	7
8042034938	revolt	rise in rebellion	8
8042037271	abide	accept or act in accordance (with rules, decision, recommendation)/ obey	9
8042433066	endure	suffer through something (difficult) patiently	10
8042444944	forge ahead	move forward/take the lead	11
8042455467	linger	stand/wait around without purpose	12
8042463571	perdure	remain in existence throughout a significant period of time	13
8042475665	prolong	extend the duration of	14
8042479759	retain	continue to have/keep possession of	15
8042486235	sustain	strengthen/support	16
8042495443	unceasing	not coming to an end/continuous	17
8042498341	uphold	maintain	18
8042500935	akin	of similar character	19
8042507329	analogous	comparable in certain respects	20
8042512330	collateral	something pledged as security for repayment	21
8042516741	complementary	combining in a way as to enhance/emphasize the qualities of each other/another	22
8042522868	congruous	in agreement or harmony	23
8042526318	consonant	relating to a consonant sound or letter	24
8042531597	correlative	corresponding/ having a mutual relationship	25
8042531598	kindred	one's family and relations/similar in kind/ related	26
8042539622	reciprocal	expressing mutual action/relationship	27
8042539623	uniform	similar form	28
8042543134	antithetical	directly contrasted/mutually incompatible	29
8042554270	Contrastive	tending to contrast/contrasting	30
8042560111	deviating	depart from usual/accepted standards	31
8042570960	discrepant	differing/disagreeing/inconsistent	32
8042574486	disparate	essentially different/not allowing comparison	33
8042579586	divergent	tending to be different or develop in different directions	34
8042582557	opposed	disapproving/disagreeing with	35
8042586201	peculiar	strange/odd/unusual	36

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AP World History Spodek Chapter 22 (India) Flashcards

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4139331224	What organization in India led the resistance to Britain?	Indian National Congress	0
4139355296	What year was the INC created?	1885	1
4139333767	Where were the leaders of the INC educated?	Britain	2
4139374838	Fearing that India would be an all-Hindu nation, Muslims created the All-Indian Muslim League in what year?	1906	3
4139466742	In what year did the the the British Secretary of State of India announced that the government in India would be an integral part of the British Empire?	1917	4
4139473000	What did the Government of India Act of 1919 do?	Expanded Indian role in government by empowering provincial and central legislatures and created a dual government, as well as, created a dual government.	5
4139477144	Under the Government of India Act of 1919, powers in what 3 areas were transferred to local governments?	1) Agriculture; 2) public works; and 3) education	6
4139500065	What took place in Punjab in 1919 that undermined British claims as legitimate rulers?	Massacre at Amritsar	7
4144353595	Who transformed the Indian National Congress into a political party?	Gandhi	8
4144373685	Gandhi emphasized two things when emerging as a political leader?	1) Peasant roots and 2) spiritual traditions	9
4144386630	Gandhi was educated in what country?	Britain	10
4144389936	In what profession was Gandhi educated?	Law	11
4144418989	What did Gandhi experience for the first time when he represented an emigrant Indian business firm in South Africa?	Racism	12
4144515711	After experiencing personal and repeated persecution in South Africa, Gandhi began leading ________________?	Protests	13
4144562878	In South Africa, the Indian community lived under severe restrictions where they could only legally marry if they were married by ___________________ clergy and had to have ___________ ______________ with them at all times.	Christian, ID cards	14
4144576344	How many years did Gandhi remain in South Africa?	21	15
4144580943	What are the 5 methods of resistance advanced by Gandhi in South Africa?	1) Satyagraha; 2) Ahimsa; 3) Civil disobedience; 4) Ashram; and 5) publisher	16
4144617609	What was the "truth force" that called for self-sacrificing non-violent mass demonstrations called?	Satyagraha	17
4144633443	What was non-violence in the face of attacks called?	Ahimsa	18
4144657685	What was the establishment of a headquarters providing living and working quarters for Gandhi, his family, and Gandhi's closest allies called?	Ashram	19
4144675830	Which two leaders of resistance movements adopted Gandhi's methods of resistance?	Martin Luther King, Jr. and Nelson Mandela	20
4144692776	In 1909, Gandhi published what book banned in India that championed India's own civilization, exhorted Indians to conquer their feelings of fear and inferiority, and attacked British hegemony?	Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule	21
4144702683	What were the resistance methods established by Gandhi labeled?	Passive resistance	22
4144715516	What Indian National Congress member led the call for Britain to immediately leave India in 1907?	Bal GangadharTilak	23
4144753104	What were the voluntary boycott of imported goods and instead using indigenous products called?	Swadeshi	24
4144769599	True/False When Gandhi returned to India, he created the independence movement in India?	False	25
4144785143	What skill did Gandhi possess that helped the independence movement get new leadership and direction?	Organizational	26
4144815636	Gandhi came to direct what type of local organizations such as Champaran in Bihar (1917), in Kheda (1917), in Bardoli (1922), and in Gujarat (1928)?	Peasant movements	27
4144834288	What group organized against local employers and not the British was helped by Gandhi in 1919?	Millworkers in Ahmedabad	28
4144853786	Gandhi unified and reorganized what organization to make them due-paying members and standing executive committee?	Indian National Congress	29
4144859174	How did Gandhi mobilize India?	Cultivating personal and political alliances with major regional leaders	30
4144875593	Which two groups in India opposed Gandhi and why?	Socialist thought he was too pro-business and Muslims thought he would not be inclusive	31
4144884983	In order to promote Hindu-Muslim unity, Gandhi sought to create what type of government?	Secular egalitarian government with religious freedom	32
4144899879	Even after Gandhi's attempt to establish a secular egalitarian government, which group still had concerns about Gandhi?	Muslims	33
4144903123	True/False Gandhi was assassinated by a Muslim because he was anti-muslim in 1948?	False	34
4144907833	True/False Gandhi was not opposed to the caste system?	True	35
4144926794	Gandhi sought to abolish the law of untouchability and in doing so called the "untouchables" in India what term that means "children of God?"	Harijan	36
4144932157	In protest, the "untouchables" in India refused to call themselves children of God and instead called themselves what term that mean "oppressed people?"	Dalits	37
4144967445	In preparing for the new constitution, Gandhi refused what demand of the dalits because he was concerned that the dalits would create a nation-within-a-nation?	Dalits could only vote for dalits	38
4144994475	True/False Gandhi accepted the use of English in public life and in schools because he understood that learning English kept India more closely in touch with world developments.	False	39
4145009581	What was prohibited or restricted in India as a result of Gandhi's opposition?	Alcohol	40
4145018666	Gandhi's concern for appropriate technology caused the Congress Party to adopt what things to reflect its opposition?	1) Spinning wheel as its emblem; 2) hand-spun, hand-woven cloth as its dress; and 3) production quotas required for membership	41
4145022801	Which Gandhi disciple split with Gandhi on the issue of technology and industrialization?	Nehru	42
4145059736	Gandhi led what 3 nationwide satyagraha campaigns (include year(s))?	1) Non-cooperation campaign (1920-22); 2) Salt March (1930-32); and 3) Quit India (1942)	43
4145079047	Which satyagraha boycotted British colonial schools, law courts, administrative positions, manufacturers, and imports?	Non-cooperation campaign	44
4145098089	Instead of being forced to buy salt from the British monopolies, Ghandi protested this monopoly through disobedience by collecting salt from where?	The sea	45
4145104360	Which satyagraha refused Indian political support to Britain's efforts in WWII unless India was granted independence?	Quit India	46
4145110496	How many miles and how long was the Salt March?	240 miles and 27 days	47
4145134734	Realpolitik and morality were factors in India's independence. What is realpolitik?	Reality and importance of everyday politics	48
4145145813	What are 2 reasons Britain relinquished its empire in India?	1) Loss of ideological commitment to maintain empire and 2) loss of economic (global depression) and military power (WWII) to hold India	49
4145170372	Pakistan emerged as a result of what group relocating from India?	Muslims	50
4145184541	What group fled Pakistan and relocated to India?	Hindus	51
4145181991	India and Pakistan exploded into warfare in 1947 and again in 1965 over what area?	Kashmir	52
4145191895	In 1965, the Kashmir truce/boundary line came about according to the wishes of what group?	Citizens	53
4145197112	In what year did Sri Lanka/East Pakistan gain its independence from Britain?	1948	54
4145229918	What was Sri Lanka was originally called after it gained independence?	East Pakistan	55
4145240845	What language did West Pakistan primarily speak?	Urdu	56
4145268425	What language did East Pakistan primarily speak?	Bengali	57
4145221241	Pakistan and India fought in 1971 over what country's independence from Pakistan?	Sri Lanka	58
4145285761	Instead of being formed as a non-official, social service institution as envisioned by Gandhi, Congress members transformed it into what type of organization?	Political party	59
4145374208	What are two things that were done to avert fragmentation?	1) Princes were convinced to merge with India's new government and 2) the Congress was organized by linguistic regions	60
4145424658	What was the time period from 1975-77 India was ruled as a dictatorship under Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was called?	Emergency Rule	61
4145445347	Except for two years, India has been operated as what type of government since its independence from Britain?	Democracy	62
4145469836	In the 1950s, small groups of revolutionary guerrillas tried to replace democracy with what type of government?	Militant communism	63
4145520159	What forced India to move towards a free-market/laissez-faire capitalist economy in 1991?	New International Monetary Fund regulations	64
4145529720	Which political party control India for the first 4 decades of independence?	Congress Party	65
4145561076	What was instituted as a result of women being integral to the struggle for independence?	Universal adult suffrage	66
4145601609	Gandhi's daughter Indira Gandhi was named prime minister in what year?	1966	67
4145616136	Prior to becoming prime minister, Mrs. Gandhi succeed what other famous Indian politician as Minister of Information and Broadcasting?	Nehru	68
4145671669	What was Prime Minister Gandhi's socialist motto that split the party in a bitter struggle?	Down with Poverty	69
4145675591	In 1974 Prime Minister Gandhi order what for the first time?	Atomic bomb test	70
4145731631	In what year did Prime Minister Gandhi make India's President declare an "Emergency" where all of the opposition leaders were jailed, free speech was curtailed, and sterilization was forced upon its people?	1975	71
4145754879	The "Emergency" was ended and elections restored in what year?	1977	72
4145769633	Opposition to Prime Minister Gandhi, after her reelection in 1980, was centered in what important Sikh shrine?	The Golden Temple in Amritsar	73
4145775374	In what year was Prime Minster assassinated by two Sikh members of her personal bodyguard?	1984	74
4145785353	Why was she assassinated?	The Golden Temple was destroyed	75
4145792098	The 1955 Hindu Marriage Act did what two things to advance women's rights?	1) Raised the age of marriage for women to 15 and 2) assured Hindu women the right to divorce	76
4145799197	How did the 1956 Hindu Succession Act advanced women's rights?	It gave daughters equal inheritance rights with sons	77
4145828169	What group of women did not obtain any rights with either the 1955 Hindu Marriage Act or the 1956 Hindu Succession Act?	Non-Hindu women	78
4145844796	Most of India follow what two types of ancestry and marital residency systems?	1) Patrilineal and 2) Patrilocal	79
4145848433	What is the tracing of ancestry, kinship, and inheritance through the male line?	Patrilineal	80
4145857146	What is a system where couples reside in or near the home of the male's family or group?	Patrilocal	81
4145878460	What is the self-immolation by a widow at her husband's funeral?	Sati	82
4145898450	The condition of poor women in rural areas deteriorated as a result of what two things?	1) Increase in prosperity caused by the new economic system and 2) increased urbanization	83
4145907215	What 4 factors affected women's work?	1) Displaced agriculture work when husbands left for cities; 2) caste-based jobs were hard to find; 3) mechanization; and 4) changed cropping patterns made their help unnecessary	84
4145922892	What was one response to the economic changes suffered by women in India?	Development of micro-capitalism through local women's organizations	85
4145939161	What spurred farm production after independence which allowed India to produce enough to feed its burgeoning population?	The Green Revolution	86
4145954599	What spurred increase in dairy production and distribution, along with, the creation of dairy cooperatives?	The White Revolution	87
4145965930	Ecological questions and the increased disparities between the haves and nave-nots were problems that came about as a result of which revolution?	The Green Revolution	88
4145974037	Because land control and redistribution was left to the states the process was considered what?	Slow	89
4145988627	Birth rates in India fell by what percentage from 1947 to 1985?	11% (from 44% to 33%)	90
4145995584	Life expectancy rose to what age from 1947 to 1985?	56	91
4146000646	According to the World Health Organization, what percentage of India's children are malnourished?	66%	92
4146021783	True/False Increased industrial productivity created more jobs just as Gandhi has expected.	False	93
4146026222	India's focus recently shifted to what industry?	High tech	94
4146036957	Why did India serve as a role model for the newly independent countries?	It was first major colony to gain independence	95
4146046210	What caused India's international role to decline?	Loss to China in 1962	96
4146056328	The loss to China prompted India to spend more on its military. It increased its spending to how much by 1987?	$9.8 billion USD	97
4146065030	Even though India remained a dominant power in South Asia, two things made India a questionable world model?	1) Persistent poverty and 2) high illiteracy	98
4146082786	True/False Mao and Gandhi both mobilized the rural areas.	True	99
4146084136	True/False Mao and Gandhi were both educated in the West.	False	100
4146088461	How did Mao and Gandhi's experience with agrarian issue impact their policies?	They both were driven by improving the conditions of those that worked in agriculture	101
4146106218	True/False Mao and Gandhi both facilitated increased women's rights in their new governments.	True	102

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AP World History Review Flashcards

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6010763942	3 reasons why China stopped exploring?	1) Expensive 2) Concerned about invasion 3) No Interest	0
6010783802	What do China and Japan have in common politically in 1600's?	Secluded themselves from foreigners by closing ports in 1600's	1
6010801258	What is the name of the treaty between the Portuguese and Spanish?	Treaty of Tordillas	2
6010826852	What is the name of the line that separated the Spanish from the Portuguese?	The Line of Demarcation	3
6010836284	Where did the Ottoman Empire fail to conquer?	Vienna (Austria)	4
6010849182	Who are the people that ruled during the Qing Dynasty?	Manchus People	5
6010863987	What were the 3 rules of the Manchus People?	1) Not allowed to learn languages 2) No intermarriages 3) Shaved heads with ponytails	6
6010899867	Akbar accomplishments	Got rid of the Jizya, Hindu leaders, and combined different cultures	7
6011704580	Encomienda System	Pennsulares (100% Euro and Born in Euro) Creoles (100% Euro and Born in Americas) Mestizos (Euro and Natives)/Mullatoes (Euro and Slaves) Zambos (Natives and Slaves)	8
6011781977	Ottoman Hierarchy	Viziers (In charge of day to day tasks) Calvary (Horse Military) Janissaries (Christian Slave Boys) Sultan (Leader)	9
6011963021	Protestant Reformation	Led to Catholic Reform Witch Hunts Schism Role of Church decreased in gov't Exploration of New World	10
6014554461	3 Important Cities and Why	Edo- Japan Canton- Ming/Qing Timbuktu- Muslim learning/gold trade	11
6014554462	What the name for the person who ruled for the emperor in the Americas?	Viceroy	12

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Ch. 15 AP World History Flashcards

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8609632295	Buzurg of Shariyar	A shipmaster who compiled 136 stories in his Book of the Wonders of India.	0
8609632296	Harsha	Temporarily restored unified rule in northern India and sought to revive imperial authority. Harsha came to the throne of his kingdom in the lower Ganges valley at the age of sixteen.	1
8609632297	Mahmud of Ghazi	Leader of the Turks in Afghanistan.Had less interest in conquering and ruling India than in plundering the wealth stored in its many well-endowed temples. He demolished sites associated with Hindu or Buddhist faiths, and their campaigns hastened the decline of Buddhism.	2
8609632298	Shankara	A southern Indian devotee of Shiva. He took it upon himself to combine Hindu and Islamic teachings into a single, consistent system of thought. Similar to Plato, Shankara held that the physical world was an illusion and that ultimate reality lay beyond the physical senses.	3
8609632299	Harihara & Bukka	Two brothers who represented the sultan and implement court policies in the south. Although they had converted from their native Hinduism to Islam, Harihara and Bukka recognized an opportunity to establish themselves as independent rulers.	4
8609632300	Ramanuja	A brahmin philosopher from southern India, His thoughts reflected the deep influence of devotional cults.	5
8609632301	Cosmas Indicopleustes	A Christian monk from Egypt who traveled widely throughout North Africa and Southwest Asia. On one of his trips, he ventured as far as India and Ceylon, which he described in a work titled The Christian Topography.	6
8609632302	Guru Kabir	A blind weaver who was one of the most famous bhakti teachers. He taught that Shiva, Vishnu, and Allah were all manifestations of a single, universal deity, whom all devout believers could find within their own hearts.	7
8609632303	Sind	The Indus River valley in Northwestern India	8
8609632304	Dhows	Large ships favored by Indian, Persian, and Arab sailors.	9
8609632305	Junks	Larger ships used by Asians and Chinese.	10
8609632306	Kingdom of Axum	Shows the potential of trade to support political as well as economic development. Founded in the highlands of northern Ethiopia, Axum was originally a small kingdom whose merchants traded from the port of Adulis on the Red Sea.	11
8609632307	Bhakti	A cult of love and devotion that sought to erase the distinction between Hinduism and Islam. It originally encouraged a traditional piety and devotion to Hindu values.	12
8609632308	Funan	Enforced the principle of monarchical rule. Which dominated the lower reaches of the Mekong River, the Isthmus of Kra, the narrow portion of the Malay peninsula where merchants transported trade goods between China and India.	13
8609632309	Srivijaya	Based on the island of Sumatra. The Kings built a powerful navy and controlled commerce in southeast Asian waters.	14
8609632310	Bhagavata Purana	"Purana of the Lord"; Texts that told stories about the gods and offered instructions in proper methods of worship.	15
8609632311	Angkor	A largely agricultural society, who adopted Buddhism.	16
8609632312	Melaka	Had greatly protected maritime trade, adopted Islam.	17

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Ch. 22 AP World History Flashcards

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8821256788	Columbus	Proposed sailing to the markets of Asia by a western route.	0
8821264152	Magellan	A Portuguese navigator who pursued Columbus' goal.	1
8821268490	Taino	The native inhabitants who were called "Indians" by Columbus.	2
8821277342	Vasco de Gama	A Portuguese mariner who didn't immediately follow Dias' voyage.	3
8821304746	James Cook	A pacific explorer who led expeditions and charted countries on European maps of the Pacific.	4
8821310903	Caravel	A maneuverable ship that sailed in many winds.	5
8821320185	The Colombian Exchange	The global diffusion of plants, foods, animals, human populations, and diseases.	6
8821329127	Chartered Companies	Privately invested companies who were financially successful.	7
8821336029	Dutch West India Company	Established in 1602, V.O.C. , a powerful joint-stock company.	8
8821350687	Motives for European Exploration	Enabled voyagers to get resources, lands, trade routes, and the opportunity to spread their religion.	9
8821366047	Henry the Navigator	He conquered the Moroccan port of Ceuta and sponsored a series of voyages down the west African coast.	10
8821382846	Seven Years War	Conflicts which took place in Europe, India, the Caribbean, and North America, it led to the 150 year imperial hegemony of the British.	11

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AP World History Midterm Dates Flashcards

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5106528519	Olmecs	1200-400 BC	0
5106530610	Rome	31 BC - 400 CE	1
5106535779	Assyrians	911-612 BC	2
5106537265	Sumer	5000 - 3000 BC	3
5106537279	Indus Valley	3000 - 1500 BC	4
5106543779	Old Kingdom Egypt	2700- 2200 BC	5
5106543780	Middle Kingdom Egypt	2000 - 1600 BC	6
5106546998	New Kingdom Egypt	1500 - 1100 BC	7
5106548718	Shang	1800 - 1100 BC	8
5106550501	Zhou	1100 - 200 BC	9
5106550502	Han	200 BC - 200 CE	10
5106552318	Mauryan	300 - 200 BC	11
5106552697	Achaemenid	500 - 400 BC	12
5106560759	Life of Confucius	500 BC	13
5106560760	Life of Buddha	500 BC	14
5106566581	Warring States Period	400 - 200 BC	15
5106571145	Life of Alexander the Great	300 BC	16
5106574867	Beginning of the Silk Road	200 BC	17
5106574868	Life of Jesus	1 - 31 CE	18
5363944014	Jainism founded	500 BC	19
5363945416	Delian League	400 BC	20
5363946186	Bantu Migrations	3000 BC	21
5363948536	Bronze metallurgy in mesopotamia	3000 - 1200 BC	22
5363955489	Iron metallurgy in Anatolia	1200 BC	23
5363956859	Chavin	900-300 BC	24
5363961708	Hittites	1750-1200 BC	25
5363971771	Celts	500 BC	26
5363972896	Maya	300- 800 CE	27
5363972897	Moche	100 - 800 CE	28
5363974501	Ancient Isreal	1020 - 930 BC	29

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AP World History #38 Flashcards

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8340900049	What did instruction in cathedral schools focus on?	liberal arts	0
8340925122	What did cathedral schools eventually become?	universities	1
8340938835	Where were the first universities located?	Bologna, Paris, and Salerno	2
8340970225	Whose works were rediscovered during the evolution of university?	Aristotle	3
8340997138	Who was St. Thomas Aquinas?	the most famous of the scholastic theologians, taught at the University of Paris, believed Aristotle explained the working of world better than anyone else had	4
8341042849	What did St. Thomas Aquinas believe?	it was possible to prove rationally that God exists	5
8341187113	What did medieval Europeans do in order express their adoration to saints?	veneration of relics	6
8341207947	Which two European cities did pilgrims most frequently visit?	Rome and Compostela	7
8341252253	What order did St. Francis found?	Franciscans	8
8341259367	What order did St. Dominic found?	Dominicans	9
8341279269	Who were the Waldensians?	a movement who protested the growing materialism of the European world that was most active in Southern France and Northern Italy, they advocated modest lives	10
8341324225	What did the Bogomils believe?	the world was a cosmic struggle between the forces good and evil	11
8341343555	What were the Cathars also called?	Albigensians	12
8341367573	Who led the party that discovered Greenland?	Eric the Red	13
8341378606	What did Leif name and discover?	Vinland	14
8341401564	What kings converted to Christianity in the tenth century?	the kings of Denmark and Norway	15
8341426098	Who were the most prominent of Christian military orders?	Templars, Hospitallers, and Teutonic Knights	16
8341452167	Who undertook the conquest of Sicily?	Roger	17
8341468243	Who carved out a state for himself in Italy and was Roger's brother?	Robert Guiscard	18
8341485361	What is the reconquest of Spain known as?	reconquista	19
8341520995	What city was conquered and completed the reconquista?	Granada	20
8341541876	What does crusade refer to?	a holy war	21
8341547760	Where does the word crusade come from?	the latin word crux	22
8341552650	What does crux mean?	cross	23
8341567934	Who launched the crusades?	Pope Urban II	24
8341652531	Who recaptured Jerusalem in 1187?	Saladin	25
8341662922	What was Salah-al-Din known to the Europeans as?	Saladins	26

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AP WH European Exploration Flashcards

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8377757201	Compass	Uses electromagnetivity to determine the True North	0
8377761684	Astrolabe	Determines the location of where you are depending on astral bodies in the night sky	1
8377761685	Caravel	A small but fast ship that can be steered with accuracy A ship with three masts and an array of square and lanteen sails	2
8377769225	Improvements to Technology	Compass Astrolabe Caravel Shipboard Cannons	3
8377774172	Prince Henry	The King of Portugal Founded a school for sailing and navigation Sent navigators along the West and South coast of Africa, claiming the Azores Islands Began trade along the coast of Africa	4
8377774173	Bartholomew Diaz	1488 Sailed around the Cape of Good Hope	5
8377774174	Vasco De Gama	1497 Sailed beyond the Cape of Good Hope, across the Indian Ocean, making a connection from Portugal to Asia	6
8377780224	Christopher Colombus	Born in Genoa, Italy (1451) Later settled in Lisbon, Portugal. Here he created plans for the "Enterprise of the Indies" with his brother Batholomew. On August 3, 1492, sailed south from Palos to the Canary Islands. After this he traveled West to the Bahamas Landed on San Salvador after 33 days Returned to Spain on March 15, 1493 Columbus made a total of 4 voyages, each time using ocean currents to help him navigate He died thinking he had reached China instead of the "New World" 1506	7
8432892893	The Nina, Pinta, and the Santa Maria	The ships that Columbus sailed on to the Americas	8
8377780225	Queen Isabella	Financed Columbus's project to go to the America's It took 6 years for her to finally be convinced to allow his voyage to take place	9
8377796617	Treaty of Tordesillas	Issued by Pope Alexander VI (1493) Drew a line down the middle of the Atlantic, with Spain receiving all land to the West and Portugal to the East This lane was moved farther west in 1500	10
8377801758	Amerigo Vespucci	His first name in Latin is Americus Made several voyages from 1497-1503 for Spain and Portugal Believed the land he saw was a "New World," separate from Asia A German mapmaker called this land "America" after reading Vespucci's descriptions of the new lands	11
8377809631	Vasco Nunez de Balboa	Crossed the Isthmus of Panama, reaching the vast ocean (1513) It was now proven that the New World was separate from Asia	12
8377844795	Juan Ponce De Leon	Sailed with Columbus on his 2nd voyage Was the governor of Puerto Rico for 2 years Landed near St. Augustine and named the land Florida (1513)	13
8377844796	Ferdinand Magellan	Sailed for Spain in 1519 with 5 ships Crossed the Atlantic and sailed around Cape Horn into a different Ocean. Named this ocean the Pacific, or Pacificus meaning "Peaceful" Claimed Philippines for Spain but died there (1521) One final ship and 18 crew members returned to Spain (1522) Completed the 1st round world voyage	14
8377849112	Age of Discovery Summary	Christopher Columbus- 1492 John Cabot- 1497 Amerigo Vespucci- 1507 Vasco Balboa- 1513 Juan Ponce de Leon- 1513 Ferdinand Magellan- 1519 Hernando Cortez- 1521 Francisco Pizzaro- 1531 Jacques Cartier- 1534 Francis de Coronado- 1540 Sir Francis Drake- 1578	15
8377855756	Mercantilism	The relationship between mother country and colony	16
8377855757	Economic Theory	The premise that a country should do all it can to increase its wealth	17
8377859468	Colonies	A new settlement in a foreign land established by a country	18
8377859469	Mother Country	The founding country that establishes a colony	19
8377869386	Cape Horn	The Southern tip of South America	20
8377869387	Cape of Good Hope	The Southern tip of Africa	21
8377876628	New World	The Americas	22
8377900628	Pedro Cabral	Reached the East Coast of Brazil, extending the Treaty of Tordesillas line	23
8378594416	Renaissance Timeframe	1300-1600 C.E.	24
8378594417	Bubonic Plague Timeframe	1347 C.E.	25
8378599229	Columbus's First Voyage Year	1492	26
8378646628	Guild	A sworn association of people who gather for a common purpose, usually economic Regulated prices, wages, quality and quantity of trade, recruitment, training, and certifications. Presided over trade locally Had a rudimentary social structure, with apprentices, journeymen, and master craftsmen	27
8465723648	Hanseatic League	An international group of merchants The most powerful/influential guild during the Renaissance Era	28
8378657002	Thomas Aquinas	A Christian Theologian Paved the way for the new ideas of the Renaissance- His synthesis of logic and faith became the new standard Orthodoxy of Roman Catholicism Wrote the Suma Theologica Advocated for doctrine reforms in the Catholic Church about business	29
8378661682	Textile Manufacturers	Northern Italy & Flanders	30
8378671885	Suma Theologica	A major compendium of theological teachings Written by Thomas Aquinas	31
8378675811	Humanism	The belief that the proper study of man is man Asserted the importance of the individual, presumably over God, challenging the ideals of the Catholic Church	32
8378681985	Black Death	1347 Also known as the Bubonic Plague Surfaced in the Middle East Spread on trade routes, especially Italian merchant trade ships and the Silk Road Killed 1/3 of the population in Europe, and 1/2 people in China	33
8378681986	Renaissance	Derived form the French word "rebirth" A period of cultural and intellectual creativity in Western Europe	34
8378695178	European Agricultural Revolution	A period of agricultural productivity increasing A crop surplus increase the standard of living, allowing others to change occupations This caused a flourishing in trade and merchant sales	35
8378710698	Universities	They preserved, enhanced, and transmitted knowledge People studied typically studied theology, law, and medecine	36
8378710699	Art Partron	Art patrons were the fuel for artists, becoming an integral part of the Renaissance They payed the artists, allowing these artists to make a living One exceptional family was the Medici Family	37
8378715546	Renaissance Artists	Raphael Michaelangelo Donatello Leonardo	38
8461380310	Raphael	A famous Renaissance architect and painter Painted the School of Athens and the Transfiguration	39
8461380311	Micahaelangelo	A famous Renaissance sculptist and painter Painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel Built the Statue of David	40
8461383618	Donatello	A famous Renaissance sculptor Built the Statue of David and the Goliath	41
8461383619	Leonardo Da Vinci	A famous Renaissance painter Painted the Last Supper, the Vitruvian Man, and the Mona Lisa	42
8378732420	Ghettos	A place segregated for Jews to live in Jewish people were discriminated and stigmatized against	43
8378732421	Attitudes of the Church	The Catholic Church originally did not believe in the greed of business However overtime, this idea transformed to adopt the profit of business	44
8378737637	Renaissance Roots	The Agricultural Revolution created a stable economy, allowing for the making of the Renaissance The Abbasid Empire also preserved the works of the Greeks and the Romans	45
8378756531	Protestant Reformation	A religious revolution that began in Germany (1500's) People did not enjoy the ideals of the Catholic Church, as people could buy indulgences with money Pope Leo X accepted these money bribes to further enrichen the Catholic Church	46
8378756532	Martin Luther	A monk living in Wittenberg, Germany (1517) where he taught at a university Wrote 95 "theses" and posted them on the doors of his church Was declared a heretic and was thus excommunicated He was brought to the Diet of Worms, where he refused to renounce his ideas and was banished	47
8461613867	Lutheranism	The beliefs of Martin Luther	48
8461655637	Protestants	Followers of Lutheranism Protested the efforts of Emperor Charles V to suppress Lutheranism	49
8461667748	Charles V	Attempted to destroy Lutheranism Sent his armies against Protestant princes Peace was eventually reached in 1555	50
8378759350	95 Theses	95 statements critical of the Catholic Church and its sale of indulgences	51
8378759351	Diet of Worms	A special meeting of the rulers of the Holy Roman Empire This council tried Luther, trying to convince him to renounce his ideas	52
8378766456	Peace of Augsburg	1555 Allowed for each German ruler to have the right to choose the religion for his state	53
8378773168	Anabaptists	A branch of the Lutheran church. They believed that infants should not receive baptism as they should have the choice to be baptized Persecution lead to them migrating to America	54
8378776954	Branches of Anabaptism	Amish Mennonites Hutterties	55
8378776955	Calvinists	The believers of John Calvin and his beliefs They believed in predestination	56
8378776956	John Calvin	The leader of the Calvinist movement	57
8378782415	Puritans	English Calvinists	58
8378793144	Predestination	The belief that God already knew who would be saved, and it would be predetermined by birth	59
8378793145	Huguenots	French Protestants Persecution drove them to immigrate to America (Late 1600's)	60
8378796293	The Counter Reformation	A campaign made by the Catholic Church against Protestants (1530's) Became a movement to foster a more spiritual outlook	61
8378815546	Pope Paul II	Appointed devoted and educated men as bishops and cardinals Brought the idea of the Inquistion to Rome, where heretics would be burned at the stake	62
8378815547	Pope Leo X	Accepted indulgences for the rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome Excommunicated Martin Luther, declaring him a heretic	63
8378815548	The Council of Trent	1545-1563 Church leaders met in Trent, Italy to agree on basic doctrines of the Church	64
8378824256	Doctrines of Council of Trent	1. The Church's interpretation of the Bible was final 2. Christians needed faith and good works for salvation 3. The Bible and Church tradition are equal authorities for guiding Christian life 4. The selling of indulgences was banned 5. The concept of pre-destination was rejected 6. Art and architecture promoted to honor the Catholic faith	65
8378833600	Ignatius de Loyola	Founded the Society of Jesuits (1534) Became an effective agent in spreading the Catholic faith by stressing education and establishing colleges	66
8378861599	Results of the Reformations	1. The emergence of many different churches 2. A new interest in education 3. An increase in the power of national governments and a decrease in power of the pope	67