AP Notes, Outlines, Study Guides, Vocabulary, Practice Exams and more!

i hope i can edit this ;d Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
7294866631Lincoln's plan --Reunite the North and South. End Slavery.0
7293330729Define SegregationTreating them differently based on their race.1
7293344635Define FreedmenNewly freed African Americans who were formerly slaves.2
7293351741What year marks the end of Reconstruction?18773
7293356621What are two positives of Reconstruction?Ended slavery,4
7294898966Congress's radical plan for reconstruction1. Protect freed slaves 2. Punish the South, and turn it into military districts.5
7294901720Explain what Jim Crow laws were.Were laws that enforced segregation and promoted racism for African Americans until 1965.6
7294905816Define Sharecropping.A system where a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of crop produced on it.7
7294908349Define Carpet baggers.Northerners who went South for their own advantages during the Reconstruction.8
729491058613th amendment?Abolish Slavery. (what it did; abolished slavery)9
729491081514th Amendment?Equality for all.10
729491415315th amendment?All men can vote regardless of their race or color.11
7294912396Explain the Freedmens Bureau-An organization or group which helped/gave aid to the newly freed slaves.12
7294948312What happened to Andrew Johnson when he was in the office?He was impeached, and 1 vote away from being kicked. (1868)13
7294951864Johnson's plan for recon;Restoration Plan of 1865, that gave favor to the whites, and no roles for the14
7294956381who was Andrew Johnson?Johnson was Lincoln's vice president; & President after the assassination. (17th President of the United States)15
7294958036Who won the civil war?The Union.16
7294959133What number of president was Abraham Lincoln?the 16th U.S president17
7294960148The four presidents during reconstruction.Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson, Ulysses S. Grant, and Rutherford B. Hayes18
7294962687what was "corrupt bargain"A political scandal that arose when the Speaker of the House, Henry Clay, allegedly met with John Quincy Adams before the House election19
7327894949What was the kkk?(Ku Klux Klan) White racist organization that intimidated blacks out of their new freedoms.20
7327904296What were the positive and negative effects of reconstruction?Positive: No more slavery! African Americans served at all levels of government African American's could vote public institutions were established Some redistribution of land Negative: Republican party couldn't stay in power. The former slaves weren't given economic resources to enable them to succeed. Racism existed everywhere The Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments were undermined in the Supreme Court.21
7327908523During Reconstruction, was the presidency weak or strong?The presidency was extremely weak. Grant, in charge of enforcing laws, did not really use federal troops to stop the Klan. Then the Supreme Court ruled the Enforcement Acts unconstitutional. He also chose his friends for his cabinet instead of skilled politicians, thus they were dishonest and corrupt. He was preoccupied with the internal struggles of the government instead of America's crisis.22
7327912664Compromise of 1877After the Election of 1876, Congress said Hayes was the winner, but Republicans promised to withdraw remaining troops from the South & build a railroad from Texas to West Coast and improve Southern infrastructure. They also wanted a conservative Southerner in the cabinet.23
7327914259Samuel J TildenHayes' opponent in the 1876 presidential election, he was the Democratic nominee who had cleaned up the graft from the Tweed Ring. He won popular vote but lost electoral vote.24
7327916346Rutherford B Hayes19th president of the united states, was famous for being part of the Hayes-Tilden election in which electoral votes were contested in 4 states, most corrupt election in US history25
7327921901Panic of 1873A financial crisis in which investors borrowed too much money and invested it unwisely. banks closed and the stock market collapsed26
7327937774black codesSouthern laws designed to restrict the rights of the newly freed black slaves27
7327946039What would you say is the positive legacy of Reconstruction?Changed the lives of 300,000 (three hundred thousand) slaves, bringing their life to a new beginning.28
7328003413Reconstruction dates1865-1876 Period of time where U.S. try's to put itself back together post civil war----seen by most as a failure29
7328009627The Reconstruction actThe Reconstruction Acts of 1867 laid out the process for readmitting Southern states into the Union. The Fourteenth Amendment (1868) provided former slaves with national citizenship, and the Fifteenth Amendment (1870) granted black men the right to vote.30
Powered by Quizlet.com

Ch.13 AP World History (The Spread of Chinese Civilization: Japan, Korea, and Vietnam) Flashcards

<p>Post Classical Period, 500 CE to 1450 CE.<br />
Ch.13 The Spread of Chinese Civilization: Japan, Korea, and Vietnam</p>

Terms : Hide Images
5227119384The Tale of GenjiWritten by Lady Murasaki; first novel in any languange; relates life history of prominent and amorous son of the Japanese emperor's son; evidence for mannered style of the Japanese society.0
5227119385KinkakujiThe Golden Temple built by Ahikaga Yoshimitsu, built on a small lake near Kyoto in the 15th century, zan and shinto stress of simplicity1
5227119386NaraAlong with Heian, capital of the Yamato emperors; patterned after ancient imperial centers of Tang Dynasty China; never fully populated, instituted a series of reforms to centralize power. It was built as a replica of Chang'an2
5227119387TaikaThe reforms enacted in 646 that intended to thoroughly incorporate chinese culture and politics into Japanese society3
5227119388Taika ReformsAttempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolute Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army.4
5227119389KamiGods or nature spirits of Japanese religion, which lived in all things, such as waterfalls, sand, and great trees5
5227119390KammuA descendent of Tenchi and Emperor of Japan , he moved capital to Heian(Later called Kyoto) in 794. one of the last powerful functioning emperors6
5227119391HeianCapital city of Japan under the Yamato emperors, later called Kyoto; built in order to escape influence of Buddhist monks; patterned after ancient imperial centers of China; never fully populated7
5227119392Lady MurasakiUpper class women who married and widowed early on and later become the lady to an Empress and would describe the lives of aristocrats in the Tale of Genji, becoming the first ever novel.8
5227119393FujiwaraJapanese aristocratic family in mid-9th century; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power. By the end of the 10th century one chief minister of this family had sent FOUR of his daughters married to Emperors.9
5227119394BushiRegional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies. Helped weaken the Imperial power of Japan during the Postclassical Period.10
5227119395SamuraiLiterally 'those who serve,' the hereditary military elite of the Tokugawa Shogunate. , Mounted troops of Japanese warrior leaders (bushi); loyal to local lords, not the emperor11
5227119396BushidoCode of conduct for Samurai during the feudal period in Japan, did not fully develop until the LATE Postclassical Period.12
5227119397SeppukuRitual suicide or disembowelment in Japan; commonly known in West as hara-kiri; demonstrated courage and a means to restore family honor.13
5227119398hara- kiriA form of Japanese ritual suicide preformed of many Japanese soldiers, especially officers, following defeat. Literally "belly splitting"14
5227119399KuyaEarly propagator of Pure Land. Was a dancing monk and entertainer; went around singing and dancing. Wore bells, drums, taught ecstatic worship, appealed to the masses.15
5227119400TairaPowerful Japanese family in 11th and 12th centuries; competed with the Minamota family; defeated after the Gempei Wars.16
5227119401MinamotoDefeated the rival Taira family in Gempei Wars and established military government (bakufu) in 12th century Japan.17
5227119402Gempei WarsWaged for five years from 1180, on Honshu between Taira and Minamoto families; resulted in destruction of Taira, and the establishment of the Bokufu Gov't, this war brought great suffering to the peasantry.18
5227119403BakufuMilitary government established by the Minamoto following the Gempei Wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai19
5227119404KamakuraYorimoto's capital during his shogunate, destroyed in 1331 significance: head of the true power of Japan20
5227119405ShogunsMilitary leaders of Japan during its feudal era and the actual powers behind the emperor until the Meiji restoration.21
5227119406HojoWarrior family closely allied with the Minamota; dominated Kamakura regime and manipulated Minamota rulers who claimed to rule in name of the Japanese Emperor at Kyoto.22
5227119407Ashikaga TakuajiMember of the Minamota family; overthrew the Kamakuro regime and established the Ashikaga Shogunate from 1336-1573; drove emperor from Kyoto to Yoshino.23
5227119408Ashikaga ShogunateReplaced the Kamakura regime in Japan, ; ruled from 1336 to 1573; destroyed rival Yoshino center of imperial authority24
5227119409DaimyosWarlord rulers of 300 small states following civil war and disruption of the Ashikaga Shogunate; holdings consolidated into unified and bounded ministates25
5227119410Kamakura ShogunateThe first of Japan's decentralized military governments., (12th-14th century) First shogun position instated after toppling the Fujiwara . Named after the home town of the first shogun of the Minamoto clan26
5227119411YorimotoFounder of Kamakura Shogunate27
5227119412HimejiLargest Castle in Japan28
5227119413DisinheritanceWas one of the tools that made woman that were married with warrior elites(In Comparison with Woman in the merchant class, whose quality of life increased) increasingly more dependent, where they received little or no land or income< In addition they were also replaced in theatrical performances by men>29
5227119414Ryoanji TempleZen Buddhist temple (in Kyoto), design of garden consists of islands of volcanic rock set amidst white pebbles.30
5227119415ChosonEarliest Korean kingdom; conquered by Han emperor Wudi in 109 b.c.e.31
5227119416WudiChinese empire from 140-86 b.c; brought the han dynasty to its peak; expanded the Chinese empire; made Confucianism the state religion, - conquered foreign territories like Manchuria, parts of Vietnam, and Korea - conquered Xiongng (nomads) terrorized border, defeated them32
5227119417KoguryoTribal people of northern Korea; established an independent kingdom in the northern half of the peninsula; adopted cultural Sinification.33
5227119418SillaIndependent Korean kingdom in southeastern part of peninsula; defeated Koguryo along with their Chinese Tang allies; submitted as a vassal of the Tang emperor and agreed to tribute payment; ruled united Korea by 668.34
5227119419PaekcheIndependent Korean kingdom in southeastern part of peninsula; defeated by rival Silla kingdom and its Chinese Tang allies in 7th century.35
5227119420SinificationExtensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions; typical of Korea and Japan, less typical of Vietnam.36
5227119421Koryo DynastyKorean dynasty that ruled from 935-1392, Replaced the Silla Dynasty in Korea capital was Songak metal type print led to mass productionn of books also produced celadon37
5227119422KumsongCapital of Korea in the Medieval Era modeled after the Chinese capital of Chang'an38
5227119423CeladonType of pottery having the a pale green glaze, originally produced in China. Chemically it is formed by combining chromium oxide, cadmium yellow, and titanium-zinc white. It was most commonly used in Korean art.39
5227119424Yi DynastyKorean Dynasty that succeeded Koryo dynasty following period of Mongol invasions; established in 1392; ruled Korea to 1910; resotred aristocratic dominance and Chinese influence40
5227119425Mekong RiverA major river that runs from southern China through Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam.41
5227119426KhmersIndianized rivals of the Vietnamese; moved into Mekong River delta region at time of Vietnamese drive to the south42
5227119427Nam VietHan dynasty conquered the kingdom of ?, northern Vietnam, , 207- vietnam dominated by Mahayana Buddhism. 939- victory brought independence from China, founding Dai Viet.. adopted confucianism.43
5227119428Betel nutseed of betel palm (used as a stimulant in SE Asia), can mouth and throat cancer (addictive substance chewed in India and Vietnam, Chinese found repulsive.44
5227119429Trung SistersLeaders of one of the frequent peasant rebellions in Vietnam against Chinese rule; revolt broke out in 39 c.e.; demonstrates importance of Vietnamese women in indigenous society.45
5227119430ChamsIndianized rivals of the Vietnamese; driven into the highlands by the successful Vietnamese drive to the south.46
5227119431NguyenRival Vietnamese dynasty that arose in southern Vietnam to challenge traditional dynasty of Trinh in north at Hanoi; kingdom centered on Red and Mekong rivers; capital at Hue.47
5227119432TrinhDynasty that ruled in North Vietnam at Hanoi, 1533- 1772; rivals of the Nguyen family in the south.48
5227119433HueThe capital of the Nguyen dynasty was located here.49
5227119434The Tale of KieuIs an epic poem in Vietnamese written by Nguyễn Du, and is widely regarded as the most significant work of Vietnamese literature ,the poem recounts the life, trials and tribulations of Thúy Kiều, a beautiful and talented young woman, who had to sacrifice herself to save her family. To save her father and younger brother from prison, she sold herself into marriage with a middle-aged man, not knowing that he is a pimp, and was forced into prostitution.50
5227119435Nguyen Duis a celebrated Vietnamese poet who wrote in Chữ Nôm, the ancient writing script of Việt Nam. He is most known for writing the epic poem The Tale of Kiều.51
5227119436ChabiInfluential wife of Kubilai Khan; promoted interests of Buddhists in China; indicative of refusal of Mongol women to adopt restrictive social conventions of Chinese.52
Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History: World Regions Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
5223015267North America0
5223015268Mexico1
5223015269Caribbean2
5223015270Latin America3
5223015271Europe4
5223015272North Africa5
5223015273West Africa6
5223015274Central Africa7
5223015275Southern Africa8
5223015276East Africa9
5223015277Middle East10
5223015278Asia11
5223015279Central Asia12
5223015280South Asia13
5223015281Southeast Asia14
5223015282Oceania15
5223015283East Asia16
Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Literature Beowulf test Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
4954590267which three tribes are known as the Anglo-Saxons?Angles, Saxons, and Jutes0
4954597296Where did the Anglo-Saxons come from?northern Germany, Denmark, and northern Holland1
4954604120How did the Anglo-Saxons get to Britain?they rowed across the North Sea in wooden boats2
4954617900Characteristics of Anglo Saxon lifesmall tribal kingdoms, no written language, farming/hunting, polytheistic3
4954630556What did the Anglo Saxons value most?strength, generosity, loyalty (behavior)4
4954636924comitatusthe principle that banded Anglo Saxon society together, "playground bully" idea, whoever was most successful in battle became the leader5
4954672507wergild"man payment", a sum of money given to a family as consolation for killing of a member of that family, used to limit revenge killings6
4954682744thaneswarriors who were loyal to their leader at all costs, must defend his lord at all costs7
4954692000Wyrdwhat happens will happen regardless of what we do, every battle is fought knowing that outcome is predetermined, fate not afterlife8
4954894960Kenninga figure of speech which substitutes a term with something more descriptive to eliminate repetition of the term9
4954713350bardan anglo saxon poet10
4954718011scopsold warriors who passed down tales of heroic deeds, the more courageous a person was, the more likely their story would be told, a way of living on immortally11
4954741084when was Beowulf first written down?around 700 AD, with added christian elements12
4954800491Grendel is a descendant of what biblical creature?Cain13
4954815894What is the name of the Dane's mead hall?Heorot14
4954841529Why does Beowulf offer to help Hrothgar?He helped his father long ago so now Beowulf is repaying him15
4954861655Who is the Dane that is jealous of Beowulf and intimidated by his successes?Unferth16
4954871407How does Grendel die?Beowulf fights with his bare hands, he rips off Grendel's arm, Grendel retreats and bleeds out17
4954882787Why are Beowulfs men of no use during the fight against Grendel?no human weapon may pierce the skin of Grendel18
4954917689How does Hrothgar respond to Beowulf killing Grendel?He wants to adopt him, he showers him with gifts, he holds a lavish feast in the hall19
4954925833Who comes to avenge Grendel's death?Grendel's Mother (she comes while they're sleeping)20
4954932585What does Grendel's mother take back to her lair?Grendel's arm, Aeshere's corpse...a friend of Hrothgar21
4954944664What is Hruntinga magical sword given to Beowulf by Unferth to fight Grendel's mother. He admits he is not strong enough to fight and is generous enough to hand it over22
4954958266Where does Grendel's Mother retreat to?her lair under the lake, it is creepy, guarded by sea beasts, full of treasures23
4954973335Describe the fight with Grendel's Mother?Beowulf stabs her with Hrunting, but her acid blood melts the blade. Then he steals a knife from her treasures and cuts off her head.24
4954993346What does Beowulf bring back to the surface with him after fighting Grendel's mother?the hilt of the sword and the head of Grendel's mother25
4955000743Who is Heremod?a ruler in a story Hrothgar tells Beowulf to warn him from becoming corrupt as a leader26
4955017360How many years does Beowulf serve as King of the Geats?fifty27
4955029267What happens when Beowulf goes to fight the dragon?he takes 14 men with him, they all retreat in cowardice when the battle begins, except for Wiglaf who remains loyal throughout the battle28
4955044466What happens to Beowulf as a result of the dragon-fight?He is bit in the neck but continues fighting, eventually he has bled too much and dies, leaving his trust in Wiglaf and the treasures he has secured for his people29
4955052913How does the dragon die?the dragon is stabbed in a soft part of its skin30
4955069479Now that Beowulf is dead what is to happen to the Geats?the wars with traditional enemies will be revived31
Powered by Quizlet.com

Lesson 5 (AP Language) Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
4954200737AcrimoniousAngry and bitter, caustic0
4954200738AmeliorateTo make better, to relieve, to improve1
4954200739AmenableOpen to or willing to follow advice or suggestion2
4954200740AmorphousShapeless, having no definite form3
4954200741BuoyantCapable of floating; cheerful4
4954200742CajoleTo persuade with deliberate flattery,5
4954200743CalamityA serious event causing distress or misfortune6
4954200744DebaseTo reduce in dignity or quality7
4954200745EffaceTo erase, to wear away8
4954200746ElucidateTo make clear, to explain9
4954200747EphemeralLasting a short period of time, fleeting10
4954200748FerocitySavagery11
4954200749FlourishTo thrive, to grow well12
4954200750HaughtyArrogant, excessively proud and vain13
4954200751ImperviousIncapable of being entered or penetrated, not capable of being damaged14
4954200752InaneLacking significance, meaning or point; silly; insipid15
4954200753IndolenceLaziness16
4954200754InfallibleIncapable of error17
4954200755InscrutableDifficult to understand, mysterious18
4954200756LanguidSlow, sluggish, weak19
4954200757MaliceDesire to harm others20
4954200758ObliqueSlanting, indirect, misleading21
4954200759OpulenceWealth, affluence, abundance22
4954200760PenitentShowing or feeling regret of wrongdoing, repentant23
4954200761PerfunctoryActing routinely with little interest or care24
Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History Chapter 1 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
4951685875Homo Sapiensthe species of humanity that emerged as most successful at the end of the Paleolithic., "wise, wise human being," a species that appeared in Africa between 150,000 and 200,000 years ago; they were the first anatomically modern humans0
4951685876Paleolithic AgeThe Old Stone Age, which lasted from 2.5 million to 8000 B.C. where the invention of tools, fire, and language took place. Nomadic hunters and gatherers1
4951685877Homo Erectusextinct species of primitive hominid with upright stature but small brain2
4951685878MesolithicThe "middle" Stone Age, between the Paleolithic and the Neolithic ages. 12,000 - 8,000 B.C.E.3
4951685879Neolithic AgeThe New Stone Age between 8000 and 3000 B.C.E.; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished.4
4951685880Neolithic Revolution(10,000 - 8,000 BCE) The development of agriculture and the domestication of animals as a food source. This led to the development of permanent settlements and the start of civilization., The shift from hunting of animals and gathering of food to the domestication of animals and the growing of food on a regular basis around 8,000 BC5
4951685881Agricultural Revolutionthe time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering6
4951685882Bronze Agefrom 4000 to 3000 B.C.E.; increased use of plow, metalworking; development of wheeled vehicles, writing., a period in human history during which people began using bronze, rather than copper or stone, to fashion tools and weapons.7
4951685883Slash and Burn Agriculturea farming technique in which trees are cut down and burned to clear and fertilize the land8
4951685884Catal HuyukOne of first true cities in history, created in the Neolithic Era in 6500 to 5500 BC, from which were created agriculture, trading, temples, housing, and religions, one of the world's first cities, remains were found in 1958 in modern Turkey9
4951685885Civilizationcomplex society with cities, organized government, art, religion, class divisions, and a writing system10
4951685886Cuneiforma system of writing with wedge-shaped symbols, invented by the Sumerians around 3000 B.C.11
4951685887Barbariana member of an uncivilized people12
4951685888Mesopotamiafirst civilization located between the Tigris & Eurphrates Rivers in present day Iraq; term means "land between the rivers;" Sumerian culture13
4951685889SumeriansThe people who dominated southern Mesopotamia through the end of the third millennium B.C.E. They were responsible for the creation of many fundamental elements of Mesopotamian culture-such as irrigation technology, cuneiform, and religious conceptions.14
4951685890Ziggurata tiered, pyramid-shaped structure that formed part of a Sumerian temple15
4951685891city-statea city and its surrounding lands functioning as an independent political unit.16
4951685892Babyloniansan ancient empire of Mesopotamia in the Euphrates River valley. It flourished under Hammurabi and Nebuchadnezzar II but declined after 562 B.C. and fell to the Persians in 539.17
4951685893Hammurabi's CodeThe first written codes of law during the Babylonian Empire, strict/ harsh punsihments, "an eye for an eye". Forst ever codified law18
4951685894HammurabiAmorite ruler of Babylon (r. 1792-1750 B.C.E.). He conquered many city-states in southern and northern Mesopotamia and is best known for a code of laws, inscribed on a black stone pillar, illustrating the principles to be used in legal cases. (p. 34)19
4951685895Egyptian Civilizationcivilization emerged in northern Africa along the Nile River by about 3000 B.C.E. It benefited from trade and influences from Mesopotamia, but it also produced its own distinct social structures and cultural expressions. Unlike Mesopotamia, civilization featured very durable and centralized institutions. Mathematical achievements and impressive architectural structures also characterized civilization.20
4951685896Pharaohthe title of the ancient Egyptian kings21
4951685897Pyramidsmonumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs.22
4951685898KushAn African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile c. 100 B.C.E.; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries.23
4951685899Indus River Civilization(c. 3300-1700 BCE, flourished 2600-1900 BCE), was an ancient civilization that flourished in the Indus and Ghaggar-Hakra river valleys primarily in what is now Pakistan and western India, parts of Afghanistan and Turkmenistan; major cities were Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro24
4951685900Mohenjo-DaroLargest city of the Indus Valley civilization. It was centrally located in the extensive floodplain of the Indus River. Little is known about the political institutions of Indus Valley communities, but the large-scale implies central planning. (p. 48)25
4951685901HarappaSite of one of the great cities of the Indus Valley civilization of the third millennium B.C.E. It was located on the northwest frontier of the zone of cultivation, and may have been a center for the acquisition of raw materials.26
4951685902Huang He Civilizationearliest civilization in China, centralized state from the start (political, ideology, ruler thought to connect heaven and earth, culture similar to ancient times)27
4951685903P'an KuMythic ancestor which ancient Chinese said was their creator.28
4951685904Shang DynastySecond Chinese dynasty (about 1750-1122 B.C.) which was mostly a farming society ruled by an aristocracy mostly concerned with war. They're best remembered for their art of bronze casting.The ruled in the yellow river valley . FIRST HISTORICAL CHINESE EMPIRE29
4951685905Zhou DynastySucceeded Shang Dynasty; alliances with regional princes and families (feudal system); overtook Yangtze River Valley (Middle Kingdom); invoked the "Mandate of Heaven"; Mandarin Chinese language; Confucious (philosopher)30
4951685906PhoeniciansSemitic-speaking Canaanites living on the coast of modern Lebanon and Syria in the first millennium B.C.E. Famous for developing the first alphabet, which was adopted by the Greeks. From major cities such as Tyre and Sidon, these merchants and sailors explored the Mediterranean, and engaged in widespread commerce.31
4951685907LydiansAsia Minor, developed kingdom that was known for their rich gold deposits, began to set prices, were the first people to make and use coins for currency32
4951685908JudaismMonotheistic religion with its roots in the teachings of Abraham (from Ur), who is credited with uniting his people to worship only one god. According to Jewish teaching, Abraham and God have a covenant in which the Jews agree to worship only one God, and God agrees to protect his chosen people, the Jews.33
4951685909Monotheismbelief in a single God34
4951685910Ice Agea cold period in which huge ice sheets spread outward from the polar regions, the last one of which lasted from about 1,900,000 to 10,000 B.C.35
4951685911PolytheismThe belief in many gods36
4951685912TorahJudaism's most sacred text, consisting of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible37
4951685913TheocracyA government controlled by religion or religious leaders38
4951685914Neolithic revolutionThe development of agriculture and the domestication of animals as a food source. This led to the development of permanent settlements and the start of civilization.39
Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Literature Terms Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
4921037820AllegoryAn allegory is a symbolism device where the meaning of a greater, often abstract, concept is conveyed with the aid of a more corporeal object or idea being used as an example. Usually a rhetoric device, an allegory suggests a meaning via metaphoric examples.0
4921050455AllusionAn allegory is a symbolism device where the meaning of a greater, often abstract, concept is conveyed with the aid of a more corporeal object or idea being used as an example. Usually a rhetoric device, an allegory suggests a meaning via metaphoric examples.1
4921078243AnalogyAn analogy is a literary device that helps to establish a relationship based on similarities between two concepts or ideas. By using an analogy we can convey a new idea by using the blueprint of an old one as a basis for understanding. With a mental linkage between the two, one can create understanding regarding the new concept in a simple and succinct manner.2
4942465599Anecdotea short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person. Amusing anecdotes many times find their way into wedding receptions, family reunions and any other gathering of people who know each other well.3
4942485669Anthropomorphismthe attribution of human characteristics or behavior to a god, animal, or object.4
4942498296ArchetypeAn archetype is a reference to a concept, a person or an object that has served as a prototype of its kind and is the original idea that has come to be used over and over again. Archetypes are literary devices that employ the use of a famous concept, person or object to convey a wealth of meaning. They serve as great examples of their kind. a very typical example of a certain person or thing.5
4942513851Authorial IntrusionWhen the author penning the story, poem or prose steps away from the text and speaks out to the reader. Authorial Intrusion establishes a one to one relationship between the writer and the reader where the latter is no longer a secondary player or an indirect audience to the progress of the story but is the main subject of the author's attention.6
4942523848Bildungsromanform of storytelling whereby the author bases the plot on the overall growth of the central character throughout the timeline of the story. As the story progresses, the subject undergoes noticeable mental, physical, social, emotional, moral, and often spiritual advancement and strengthening before the readers' eyes. A form of storytelling where the author focuses on the central character's growth throughout the story.7
4942547986Characterizationthe concept of creating characters for a narrative. Characters may be presented by means of description, through their actions, speech, thoughts and interactions with other characters.8
4942556976CircumlocutionCircumlocution is a form of writing where the writer uses exaggeratedly long and complex sentences in order to convey a meaning that could've have been stated in a shorter sentence. Circumlocution involves stating an idea or a view in an indirect manner that leaves the reader guessing and grasping at the actual meaning.9
4942574915Conflicta literary element that involves a struggle between two opposing forces usually a protagonist and an antagonist. It can have external aggressors or can even arise from within the self.10
4942586484Deus es MachinaIt refers to the incidence where an implausible concept or character is brought into the story in order to make the conflict in the story resolve and to bring about a pleasing solution. The use of Deus ex Machina is not recommended as it is seen to be the mark of a poor plot that the writer needs to resort to random, insupportable and unbelievable twists and turns to reach the end of the story. easy way for the author to make up a resolution to a conflict11
4942606151DoppelgangerIt refers to a character in the story that is actually a counterfeit or a copy of a genuine character. Doppelgangers of the main characters usually bear the ability to impersonate the original but have vastly different spirits and intentions. The doppelganger usually has a different appearance but an earthly soul and supernatural hoodwinking abilities that allow it to fool other unsuspecting characters. A copy of a important or genuine character. A twin or double of some character, usually in the form of an evil twin.12
4942635693Epilougea section or speech at the end of a book or play that serves as a comment on or a conclusion to what has happened.13
4942662897Epithetan adjective or descriptive phrase expressing a quality characteristic of the person or thing mentioned.These descriptive words and phrases can be used to enhance the persona of real and fictitious places, objects, persons and divinities ex: Richard the Lion Heart14
4942692228EuphemismThe purpose of euphemisms is to substitute unpleasant and severe words with more genteel ones in order to mask the harshness. The literary practice of using a comparatively milder or less abrasive form of a negative description instead of its original, unsympathetic form. This device is used when writing about matters such as sex, violence, death, crimes and things "embarrassing15
4942706339Foilis a character who contrasts with another character (usually the protagonist) in order to highlight particular qualities of the other character.16
4942709717Foreshadowingthe use of indicative word or phrases and hints that set the stage for a story to unfold and give the reader a hint of something that is going to happen without revealing the story or spoiling the suspense. Foreshadowing is used to suggest an upcoming outcome to the story.17
4942729009Hyperbatonliterary device wherein the author plays with the regular positioning of words and phrases and creates a differently structured sentence to convey the same meaning; used to add more depth and interest to the sentence structure. ex: sweet, she was. Yoda is an example18
4942741476Hyperboleinvolves an exaggeration of ideas for the sake of emphasis. The purpose of hyperbole is to create a larger-than-life effect and overly stress a specific point.19
4942753214Imagerywhen the author uses words and phrases to create "mental images" for the reader. Imagery helps the reader to visualize more realistically the author's writings.20
4942765221Ironyplaying around with words such that the meaning implied by a sentence or word is actually different from the literal meaning. The deeper, real layer of significance is revealed not by the words themselves but the situation and the context in which they are placed.21
4942841789JuxtapositionWherein the author places a person, concept, place, idea or theme parallel to another. The purpose of juxtaposing two directly or indirectly related entities close together in literature is to highlight the contrast between the two and compare them.22
4942861145Malapropismthe practice of misusing words by substituting words with similar sounding words that have different, often unconnected meanings, and thus creating a situation of confusion, misunderstanding and amusement. Malapropism is used to convey that the speaker or character is flustered, bothered, unaware or confused and as a result cannot employ proper diction. Ex: Dogberry23
4942883565MetaphorA metaphor is a comparison between two unlike things not using the word "like" or "as" to make the comparison. ex: The promise between us was a delicate flower.24
4942892923Motifany element, subject, idea or concept that is constantly present through the entire body of literature. Motifs are very noticeable and play a significant role in defining the nature of the story, the course of events and the very fabric of the literary piece.25
4942903522Nemesisthe use of a nemesis refers to a situation of poetic justice wherein the positive characters are rewarded and the negative characters are penalized.26
4942908736Oxymorona figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction ex: falsely true27
4986179440Paradoxa seemingly absurd or self-contradictory statement or proposition that when investigated or explained may prove to be well founded or true. A paradox in literature refers to the use of concepts or ideas that are contradictory to one another, yet, when placed together hold significant value on several levels. ex: I must be cruel to be kind28
4986218132PersonificationPersonification is one of the most commonly used and recognized literary devices. It refers to the practice of attaching human traits and characteristics with inanimate objects, phenomena and animals.29
4986221622PlotThe plot usually refers to the sequence of events and happenings that make up a story. There is usually a pattern, unintended or intentional, that threads the plot together. The plot basically refers to the main outcome and order of the story.30
4986229263Point of Viewmanner in which a story is narrated or depicted and who it is that tells the story. The point of view determines the angle and perception of the story unfolding, and influences the tone in which the story takes place.31
4986238243Portmanteauthis device refers to the practice of joining together two or more words in order to create an entirely new word. This is often done in order to create a name or word for something by combining the individual characteristics of 2 or more other words. ex: smog smoke and fog32
4986275776ProlougeA prologue can be understood to be a sort of introduction to a story that usually sets the tone for the story and acts as a bit of a backgrounder or a "sneak peek" into the story.33
4986281912Satirerefers to the practice of making fun of a human weakness or character flaw. The use of satire is often inclusive of a need or decision of correcting or bettering the character that is on the receiving end of the satire.34
4986295428Settingused to identify and establish the time, place and mood of the events of the story. It basically helps in establishing where and when and under what circumstances the story is taking place.35
4986298587Similereferring to the practice of drawing parallels or comparisons between two unrelated and dissimilar things, people, beings, places and concepts. By using similes a greater degree of meaning and understanding is attached to an otherwise simple sentence. He is like a mouse in front of the teacher.36
4986310015Stream of ConsciousnessIn literature, the phrase refers to the flow of these thoughts, with reference to a particular character's thinking process. This literary device is usually used in order to provide a narrative in the form of the character's thoughts instead of using dialogue or description.37
4986328482Suspensethe intense feeling that an audience goes through while waiting for the outcome of certain events. It basically leaves the reader holding their breath and wanting more information.38
4986332212Symbol(ism)literary device that contains several layers of meaning, often concealed at first sight, and is representative of several other aspects, concepts or traits than those that are visible in the literal translation alone. Symbol is using an object or action that means something more than its literal meaning.39
4986339610Syntaxrefers to the actual way in which words and sentences are placed together in the writing. Usually in the English language the syntax should follow a pattern of subject-verb-object agreement.40
4986357950Themethe base that acts as a foundation for the entire literary piece. The theme links all aspects of the literary work with one another and is basically the main subject. T41
4986362017Toneis the perspective or attitude that the author adopts with regards to a specific character, place or development. Tone can portray a variety of emotions ranging from solemn, grave, and critical to witty, wry and humorous.42
4986385026Tragedyrefer to a series of unfortunate events by which one or more of the literary characters in the story undergo several misfortunes, which finally culminate into a disaster of 'epic proportions'.43
4986402959Understatementthe practice of drawing attention to a fact that is already obvious and noticeable. Understating a fact is usually done by way of sarcasm, irony, wryness or any other form of dry humor. Understating something is akin to exaggerating its obviousness as a means of humor.44
Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Psych: Development and Language Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
4903317468Three controversiesnature/nurture continuity/stage stability/change0
4903317469nature/nurturenature:genes and biology nurture: learning and environment1
4903317470continuity/stagecontinuity: flows stage: certain level of development than make leap; incapable of more advance thought until you are and then you are2
4903317471stability/changestability: do we stay the same change: do experiences and environment change us3
4903317472critical periodA time during development during which exposure to language is essential for eventual development of effective use of language; between two years of age and puberty -most important time for learning4
4903317473maturationbiological processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experiences5
4903317474Chomsky(Nature)-all languages share a common universal language -children inherit a mental program(language acquisition divide) to learn this universal grammar6
4903317475universal grammarChomsky-no dialect or language is more complex or sophisticated than the other. We are all born with the capacity to learn any language w/o formal instruction7
4903317476language acquisition deviceChomsky's concept of an innate, prewired mechanism in the brain that allows children to acquire language naturally8
4903317477Skinner(Nurture)-children's language is reinforced -positive and negative reinforcement -repeat those responses that bring about the desired behavior9
4903317478reinforcementSkinner; An event following a response that strengthens the tendency to make that response10
4903317479mimicrySkinner; Structural adaptation that enables one species to resemble another species11
4903317480receptive languageability for infants at about 4 months to understand what is said to and about them12
4903317481productive languageThe ability to speak and write. You use the language that you have acquired to produce a message through speech or written text13
4903317482over-generalizationan error that involves coming to a conclusion based on information that is not specific enough -ex: I go'ed there yesterday and saw the mouses14
4903317483Phonemein language, the smallest distinctive sound unit15
4903317484morphemein language, the smallest unit that carries meaning16
4903317485grammarin a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others17
4903317486syntaxLanguage rules that govern how words can be combined to form meaningful phrases and sentences18
4903317487semanticsMeaning of words and sentences19
4903317488Whorf's Theory of Linguistic DeterminismWhorf's hypothesis that language determines they way we think20
4903317489Broca's Areapre-wired to combine sounds into words and grammar -frontal lobe/left side -speech21
4903317490Wernicke's Areapre-wired to combine words into sentences -left hemisphere -comprehension22
4903317491Prenatalbefore birth -zygote, embryo, fetus23
4903317492zygoteFertilized egg24
4903317493embryoAn organism in the earliest stage of development25
4903317494fetusIn humans, the term for the developing organism between the embryonic stage and birth.26
4903317495TeratogenAgents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm -ex: FAS27
4903317496Neonatenewborn baby28
4903317497Reflexes of Neonaterooting reflex, sucking, swallowing, grasping reflex, moro (startle) reflex -decrease via habituation29
4903317498Infantile Amnesiathe inability to remember events from early childhood30
4903317499Schemaa conceptual framework that organizes information and allows a person to make sense of the world31
4903317500assimilationtake in information and put it into pre-existing categories -Piaget32
4903317501accommodationaccommodate new knowledge and make new category33
4903317502PiagetStage theorist -cognitive development forms through stages -once you hit a stage, you don't go back34
4903317503Piaget: Stage 1: Sensorimotorstage when we experience world through senses, actions -object permanence:the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived -stranger anxiety35
4903317504Piaget: Stage 2: Preoperationalstage when we have mental representations with words and images; intuitive rather than logic -theory of self(mind) -animism: has life even when it does not -ego-centrism:think everything is about them36
4903317505Piaget: Stage 3: Concrete Operationalstage when we think logically about concrete events -law of conservation: ability to recognize that objects can be transformed in some way, visually or phycially, yet still be the same in number, weight, substance, or volume37
4903317506Piaget: Stage 4: Formal Operationalstage with abstract reasoning -abstract logic -potential for mature moral reasoning -ideal thoughts38
4903317507Lev VgotskyContinuity Theorist; theorist that believes learning progresses continuously; learning brings out development39
4903317508Socio-Cultural Theorythoughts are constructed by the people around us and pull you along40
4903317509MKOMore Knowledgeable Other (Vygotsky) who has a better understanding or a higher ability level with respect to some concept or task41
4903317510ZPDZone of Proximal Development. Best area of teaching/level of difficulty. Not too challenging that students tune out, but not so low that they aren't challenged with new skills42
4903317511ScaffoldingVygotskian learning mechanism in which parents provide initial assistance in children's learning but gradually remove structure as children become more competent43
4903317512Ainsworththeorist that studied types of attachment by use of the strange situation test44
4903317513secure/insecure attachmentsecure attachment: child explores confidently, is distressed when parent leaves insecure attachment: infants either avoid, show resistance, or show ambivalence towards caregivers45
4903317514Stranger Anxietyfear of strangers, usually occurs around 8 months46
4903317515Harlowresearcher that highlighted the importance of physical contact comfort in the formation of attachments with parents (monkeys)47
4903317516Contact Comfortstimulation and reassurance derived from the physical touch of a caregiver48
4903317517James Marciastudied adolescent stage of Erikson; divided adolescent into four groups: diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium, and achievement49
4903317518identity diffusionIdentity status, described by Marcia, that is characterized by absence of commitment and lack of serious consideration of alternatives50
4903317519identity foreclosureMarcia's stage in which adolescents prematurely commit to an identity without adequately exploring alternatives51
4903317520identity moratoriumMarcia's term for the status of individuals who are in the midst of a crisis, but their commitments are either absent or vaguely defined52
4903317521identity achievementcommitment to values, beliefs, and goals following a period of exploration53
4903317522puberty vs. adolescencepuberty: Developmental stage at which a person becomes capable of reproduction adolescence: the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence54
4903317523Primary sex characteristicsthe body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible55
4903317524Secondary sex characteristicsnonreproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair56
4903317525menarchebeginning of menstruation57
4903317526Adulthood physical changes58
4903317527MenopauseThe time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines59
4903317528adolescent brain-cerebral cortex(high thinking): undergoes growth between 11-12; followed by pruning -amygdala(emotional): over-active in adolescence in relation to fully adult brains -cerebellum(coordination): undergoes tremendous growth and changes during teen years60
4903317529myelinationthe protective coating; it is still being added during young adult life61
4903317530fluid and crystallized intelligencefluid intelligence: one's ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood. crystallized intelligence: one's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age62
4903317531DementiaAn abnormal condition marked by multiple cognitive defects that include memory impairment.63
4903317532Alzheimer'scauses cell death and tissue loss in brain -a type of dementia that causes problems with memory, behavior, and thinking64
4903317533Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development1. Pre-conventional: punishment avoidance, getting what you want by trade off 2. Conventional: meeting expectations, upholding laws and fulfilling duties 3. Post-conventional: sense of democracy and relativity of rules, self-sensation of universal principles65
4903317534Gilliganexamined moral differences between boys and girls based on social rules and on ethic of caring and responsibility (turtle and Hare scenario)66
4903317535Sternberg's TheoryDistinguishes more simply among 3 aspects of intelligence: analytical, creative, and practical -consummate love67
4903317536Consummate LoveIn Sternberg's triangular theory of love, this type of love includes intimacy, passion, and commitment. The ideal form of love that many people see as the ultimate goal.68
4903317537Stages of Grief(DABDA)denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance69
4903317538Elizabeth Kubler Rosspsychologist who created the 5 stages of grief: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance70
4903317539Erik Eriksonstage theorist; 8 stages of psychosocial development71
4903317540trust vs. mistrusterikson's first crisis when infants learn whether the world can be trusted to satisfy the basic needs72
4903317541autonomy vs. shame and doubterikson's second crisis when toddlers learn to experience will and do things for themselves, or they will doubt their abilities73
4903317542initiative vs. guilterikson's third crisis when preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plants, or they feel guilty about efforts to be independent74
4903317543competence vs. inferiorityerikson's fourth crisis when elementary school children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks or they feel inferior75
4903317544identity vs. role confusionerikson's fifth crisis when adolescent teenagers work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and the integration them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are76
4903317545intimacy vs. isolationerikson's sixth crisis when young adults struggle to form close relationship and to gain capacity for intimate love or they feel socially isolated77
4903317546generativity vs. stagnationerikson's seventh crisis when middle aged people discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family or work, or they may feel a lack of purpose78
4903317547integrity vs. despairerikson's eighth crisis when reflecting on his or her life, the older adult may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure79
4903317548primary crisis of adolescenceidentity80
4903317549primary crisis of adulthoodwork and love81
4903317550Meta-analysisa procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies82
4903317551cross-sectional studystudy different ages in present time83
4903317552longitudinal studyfollow for long period84
4903317553cohort studydivide(like cross-sectional) by age; follow for short period85
4903317554development psychologistsfocus on changes over one's lifespan -look at changes in physical, cognitive, moral, language, social development86
Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History Chapter 1 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
4833688421Which of the following attributes is not essential to the modern definition of civilization?A codified legal system0
4833691021Why is the label "Stone Age" misleading?People used tools made out of many things not just stone1
4833692985Which of the following traits does not describe foraging bands?The bands could be of any size2
4833697444Which of the following was NOT fundamental to the success of agriculture ?Long-Distance Trade3
4833701913Agriculturalists produced more specialized material goods and art than hunter-gatherers becauselarger communities of people could spare some members from food production for more specialized activities4
4833705813Why did most likely humans abandon hunting and gathering in favor of agriculture?Climate change caused shortage in wild food and game5
4833716400The successful operation of large-scale sophisticated irrigation systems generally depended onthe emergence of individuals or groups capable of organizing large numbers of people to work together.6
4833723340Many Mesopotamian states engaged in warfare mainly becausethey needed to gain access to raw materials through force7
4833729149Why do we know so little about women in ancient Mesopotamian society?So little is known about the women in ancient Mesopotamian society because the written sources were produced by male scribes that tended to write about elite male activities.8
4833730507Which of the following best characterizes changes in women's status in the transition from hunting and gathering to agricultural societies?Women lost social standing and freedom.9
4833731582The earliest Mesopotamian documents were used for?economic record keeping10
4833733264What commodity did Mesopotamia possess in abundance?Clay11
4833735156In Egypt, the ebb and flow of successful and failed regimes seemed to be linked tothe cycle of floods12
4833736629What circumstances led to Egypt becoming a focal point of civilization?Climatic change13
4833737660Which of the following about peasants in Egypt is NOT true?They made up the vast majority of the population14
4833741089Egypt's interest abroad focused primarily on.....maintaining access to valuable resources15
4833743039Why have the Indus stone seals not provided historians with a clear picture of Indus society?No one is able to read them so they don't really help with providing a clear picture of the Indus society16
4833743945Indus society can best be described asmostly Urban17
Powered by Quizlet.com

Pages

Subscribe to CourseNotes RSS

Need Help?

We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.

For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.

If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.

Need Notes?

While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!