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AP Literature and Composition Review Flashcards

4382516504	style	the voice of the writer	0
4382545524	typical style descriptors	authoritative: the voice is commanding and knowing emotive: the voice evokes emotion didactic: the voice is preachy, insistent objective: the voice is uncommitted, without judgement ornate: the voice is perhaps pretentious, flowery, or ostentatious plain: the voice is simple, straightforward, to the point scholarly: the voice is learned and authoritative, erudite scientific: the voice is precise and relies on the language of science	1
4382587886	six elements of style	diction, imagery, tone, syntax, point of view, and figurative language	2
4382536660	diction	the author's choice of words	3
4382522101	diction: connotation	the emotional sense of a word	4
4382524520	diction: denotation	the dictionary or precise meaning of a word	5
4382533334	imagery	language that engages the senses and evokes emotion	6
4382610759	types of imagery	visual imagery: what we can see auditory: what we can hear tactile: what we can touch olfactory: what we can smell gustatory: what we can taste kinesthetic: sense of movement organic: internal sense of being (well of ill)	7
4382622512	effects of imagery	helps establish tone creates realistic settings creates empathy in readers for characters helps readers imagine themselves as part of a narrative	8
4382629879	tone	the attitude of the speaker toward another character, a place, an idea, or a thing	9
4382633988	tone: mood	the emotional quality of the setting	10
4382644166	syntax	the order of words in a sentence	11
4382647546	why syntax matters	sentences structure impacts the pace at which the poem reads which in turn affects the theme or idea key ideas become prominent through repetition or parallelism	12
4382658627	syntax: types of sentences: periodic sentence	the most important idea comes at the end of the sentence	13
4382662468	syntax: types of sentences: loose sentence	the most important idea is revealed early and the sentence unfolds loosely after that	14
4382667566	syntax: types of sentences: parallel sentence	contains parts of equal grammatical structure or rhetorical value in a variety of combinations	15
4382680667	syntax: types of repetition in sentences: anaphora	the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of a series of phrases or sentences	16
4382687722	syntax: types of repetition in sentences: epistrophe	the repetition of the same word or words at the end of successive phrases or clauses	17
4382717603	syntax: types of repetition in sentences: polysyndeton	the use of conjunctions between each word, phrase or clause	18
4382705831	syntax: types of repetition in sentences: asyndeton	conjunctions are omitted between words, phrases, or clauses	19
4382709882	syntax: types of repetition in sentences: chiasmus	two corresponding pairs ordered this way a/b/b/a	20
4382741808	syntax: grammatical sentence types: simple	1 subject, 1 verb, modifiers, complements these sentences are short, direct, and in combination with long sentences can be used for emphasis	21
4382753821	syntax: grammatical sentence types: compound	2 independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction conjunctions: F.A.N.B.O.Y.S. (for, and, not, but, or, yet, so)	22
4382767184	syntax: grammatical sentence types: complex	contains an independent clause and a dependent subordinate clause	23
4382774795	syntax: grammatical sentence types: compound-complex	contains two independent clauses and a dependent clause	24
4382787401	syntax: grammatical sentence purposes: declarative sentence	makes a statement	25
4382789553	syntax: grammatical sentence purposes: imperative sentence	makes a command	26
4382791524	syntax: grammatical sentence purposes: interrogative sentence	asks a question	27
4382800016	syntax: grammatical sentence purposes: exclamatory sentence	makes an emphatic or emotion-filled statement	28
4383643533	aspects of syntax: climax	the main idea or most important point in a sentence	29
4383660019	aspects of syntax: cadence	the rhythm or "music" of a sentence that comes through parallel elements and repetition	30
4383672769	aspects of syntax: narrative pace	the pace or speed of a passage that comes through the following elements: length of words omission of words of punctuation length of sentences number of dependent/subordinate clauses repetition of sounds	31
4383692245	the three p's of syntax: prominence	the importance given an idea in a sentence	32
4383705747	the three p's of syntax: position	where the key idea is located	33
4383710928	the three p's of syntax: pace	the speed of the text	34
4383728543	point of view: first person	the narrator tells his/her own story using first person pronouns (I, me, we, us) limited by what the narrator can know, see, or understand first person narrators cannot always be trusted to assess the situation honestly, they may be blind to their own faults	35
4383755868	point of view: second person	the narrator uses second person pronouns (you) to make immediate connection with readers (very rare in fiction)	36
4383766545	point of view: third-person limited	a third person narrator tells the story from one's character's point of view using third-person pronouns (she, her, he, him, it, they, them); limited by the same constraints as first person	37
4383807642	point of view: third-person omniscient	this third person narrator is god-like, seeing and knowing all without constraint of time or space, seeing even beyond earthly existence	38
4383779225	point of view: objective	an objective narrator tells a story like a camcorder would, simply revealing the sights and sounds it perceives (though not, of course, as strictly as that) recognizable by the person's lack of emotion or personal interest in the subject	39
4383845899	figurative language	language not meant to be taken literally	40
4383938501	types of figurative language: allegory	a type of symbolism, a description or a narrative (poetry or prose) with a secondary, or underlying, meaning	41
4384909769	types of figurative language: character allegory	characters represent various ideal qualities	42
4384928300	types of figurative language: apostrophe	(related to personification) addressing something (or someone) non-living or incapable of response as if it could hear and respond, such as "O, howling wind..."	43
4384958234	types of figurative language: irony	a discrepancy between what is perceived and what is real	44
4384967511	types of figurative language: verbal irony	when what is said is different from what is meant	45
4384986314	types of figurative language: dramatic irony	when the reader knows something a character does not know	46
4384990234	types of figurative language: situational irony	when some aspect of the situation seems incongruous to either what seems appropriate or to what is expected	47
4385019343	types of figurative language: metaphor	a comparison of two dissimilar things in order to see now in a new way	48
4385959526	types of figurative language: metonymy	the use of a closely related detail for the thing actually meant, like using the white house to refer to the president	49
4385964514	types of figurative language: overstatement	(hyperbole) saying more that the situation warrants	50
4385969465	types of figurative language: paradox	a statement that consists of two contradictory or incompatible elements; paradoxical statements are startling and they get us to think	51
4386076316	types of figurative language: personification	attributing human qualities or characteristics to non living or non human things in order to create empathy	52
4386083941	types of figurative language: simile	a comparison using like or as	53
4386120719	types of figurative language: synecdoche	the use of a part for the whole, such as "all hands on deck"	54
4386166378	types of figurative language: symbol	a thing, person, or idea that stands for something else	55
4386173033	types of figurative language: understatement	saying less than the situation warrants	56
4386202658	style descriptors: style	candid cynical detached sardonic scornful sinister smug	57
4386179809	style descriptors: tone	candid (frank) cynical (contempt) detached (separated) laconic (concise) melancholy (gloomy) nostalgic (sentimental) sanctimonious (hypocritical of religion) sardonic (scornful) sinister (evil) speculative (critical) trite (archaeic)	58
4386265975	style descriptors: attitude	arrogant ambivalent (mixed feelings) anxious contemptuous eloquent disdainful fanciful flippant (disrespectful) indifferent pretentious remorseful satirical vindictive (vengeful) whimsical	59
4386350558	style descriptors: mood	apprehensive elegiac (sorrow) quizzical rapturous (ecstatic) reproachful satiric solemn suspenseful	60
4386412362	key terms: allusion	a reference to something in previous literature, history, or culture that adds to or emphasizes the theme of a work	61
4386420150	key terms: anecdote	a clever little story, a short account of an interesting situation	62
4386427676	key terms: anti hero	a protagonist whose attributes are opposite of what is expected of heroes (confused, powerless, victimized, of pathetic)	63
4386436057	key terms: archetype	a symbol that recurs often enough in literature over time to be easily recognizable (water as a purifying element and the sun as knowledge)	64
4386452277	key terms: atmosphere	the emotional quality of the setting	65
4386454780	key terms: epiphany	a moment of insight, spiritual or personal; a character's sudden revelation about life or his or her own circumstances	66
4386527206	key terms: eulogy	a speech given at the memorial or funeral service in remembrance of one who has died	67
4386533894	key terms: extended metaphor	a detailed or complex metaphor that is evident throughout the work	68
4386537380	key terms: foil	a character who posses traits that emphasize the qualities of another character, either by being similar or opposite from that character	69
4386548472	key terms: imagery	language that appeals to the senses, usually evocative	70
4386553610	key terms: invocation	a prayer or a statement that calls for help from a god or goddess	71
4386558300	key terms: irony	a discrepancy between appearance and reality	72
4386578863	key terms: metaphor	compares two generally dissimilar things in order to show something in a new way	73
4386583606	key terms: mood	the dominant tone in a piece of literature, typically the motional quality of the scene or setting	74
4386590353	key terms: motif	a recurring element, an image or idea, in a work of literature that emphasizes some aspect of the work	75
4386601187	key terms: parable	a short tale that teaches (usually a moral) through example	76
4386609085	key terms: paradox	a situation or statement containing contradictory elements which seem plausible or true	77
4386637840	key terms: parody	a work of satire where the author imitates the language and form of another work to ridicule it	78
4386721121	key terms: soliloquy	a monologue given by one character on the stage and its no meant to be heard by any of the other characters	79
4386727998	key terms: symbol	a person, place, thing or idea that represents something else	80
4386732058	key terms: syntax	the order of words in a sentence	81
4386747143	key terms: tone	the speaker or narrators attitude towards something or the emotional quality of the passage	82
4386758874	key terms: verisimilitude	the quality in literature of being true to life; details seem realistic and believable, even if the setting is supernatural	83
4386767328	key terms: vernacular	ordinary, every day speech of a region	84
4386787583	elements of classical tragedy: catharsis	a purging of emotion, experienced by audiences especially through the pity they feel when witnessing the tragic hero's fall from grace	85
4386793959	elements of classical tragedy: chorus	a group of characters in a play who comment on, but do not participate in, the action	86
4386803980	elements of classical tragedy: hamartia	a tragic flaw; an unwitting error in judgement	87
4386812964	elements of classical tragedy: hubris	excessive pride	88
4386816900	elements of classical tragedy: tragedy	typically a drama in which a tragic hero experiences a fall from noble stature	89
4386821786	elements of classical tragedy: tragic hero	a person of greater than normal stature who falls from grace due to a tragic flaw or pride	90

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AP Literature Literary Devices Flashcards

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5288614243	Abstract	style that is typically complex, discusses intangible qualities like good and evil, and seldom uses examples to support its points	0
5288618210	Academic	describes style; means dry and theoretical writing; "sucking all the life out of its subject with analysis"	1
5288622663	Accent	refers to the stressed portion of a word	2
5288627023	Aesthetic	the coherent sense of taste	3
5288629640	Aesthetics	the study of beauty	4
5288632343	Allegory	a story in which each aspect of the story has a symbolic meaning outside the tale itself	5
5288633976	Alliteration	repetition of initial consonant sounds	6
5288636201	Allusion	reference to another work or famous figure	7
5288639019	Anachronism	"misplaced in time"	8
5288640512	Analogy	a comparison; usually involve 2 or more symbolic parts, and are employed to clarify an action or a relationship	9
5288646522	Anecdote	short narrative	10
5288648291	Antecedent	word, phrase, or clause that determines what a pronoun refers to	11
5288650590	Anthropomorphism	similar to personification; when inanimate objects are given human characteristics	12
5288653589	Anticlimax	occurs when an action produces far smaller results than one had been led to expect	13
5288656105	Antihero	a protagonist who is unheroic: morally weak, cowardly, dishonest, etc.	14
5288658535	Aphorism	a short and witty saying	15
5288660154	Apostrophe	a figure of speech where the speaker talks directly to something that is nonhuman	16
5288662651	Archaism	the use of deliberately old fashioned language	17
5288664805	Aside	speech made by an actor to the audience, as though momentarily stepping outside of the action on stage	18
5288666985	Aspect	a trait or characteristic ("an aspect of the dew drop")	19
5288669240	Assonance	the repeated use of vowel sounds	20
5288672556	Atmosphere	the emotional tone or background that surrounds a scene	21
5288674501	Ballad	a long, narrative poem, usually in very regular meter and rhyme	22
5288676081	Bathos	occurs when writing strains for grandeur it cannot support and tries to jerk tears from every little thing	23
5288678245	Pathos	appeal to emotion	24
5288680225	Black humor	use of disturbing themes in comedy	25
5288682168	Bombast	pretentious, exaggeratedly learned language (using long and uncommon words)	26
5288683845	Burlesque	AKA parody; broad parody, one that takes a style or form and exaggerates it into ridiculousness	27
5288688114	Cacophony	using deliberately harsh, awkward sounds	28
5288689900	Cadence	the beat or rhythm of poetry in a general sense	29
5288691621	Canto	the name for a section division in a long work of poetry; divides a long poem into parts the way chapters divide a novel	30
5288693548	Caricature	a portrait (verbal or otherwise) that exaggerates a facet of personality	31
5288697031	Catharsis	term from Aristotle; refers to the "cleansing" of emotion an audience member experiences, having lived through the experiences presented on stage	32
5288698878	Chorus	group of citizens who stand outside the main action on stage and comment on it	33
5288702898	Classic	typical; an accepted masterpiece	34
5288705608	Coinage (neologism)	a new word	35
5288707011	Colloquialism	a word/phrase used in everyday conversational English that is not accepted in English textbooks	36
5288708850	Complex/Dense	suggesting that there is more than one possibility in the meaning of words; there are multiple layers of interpretation	37
5288711409	Conceit	refers to a startling or unusual metaphor/ a metaphor developed and expanded upon over several lines	38
5288713013	Controlling	occurs when the image dominates and shapes the entire work	39
5288717098	Connotation	what the word suggests or implies	40
5288719351	Denotation	literal meaning of a word	41
5288722259	Consonance	the repetition of consonant sounds within words	42
5288791307	Couplet	a pair of lines that end in rhyme	43
5288816519	Decorum	a character's speech styled according to the social station, and in accordance with the occassion	44
5288832622	Diction	author's choice of words	45
5288835999	Syntax	refers to the ordering and structuring of the words	46
5288840553	Dirge	a song for the dead; tone is slow, heavy, and melancholy	47
5288843393	Dissonance	refers to the grating of incompatible sounds	48
5288846071	Doggerel	crude, simplistic verse, often in sing-song rhyme (ex. limericks)	49
5288856076	Dramatic irony	when the audience knows something that the characters in the drama do not	50
5288860795	Dramatic Monologue	when a single speaker in literature says something to a silent audience	51
5288867127	Elegy	a type of poem that meditates on death or mortality in a serious, thoughtful manner	52
5288883855	Elements	the basic techniques of each genre of literature	53
5288892227	Enjambment	continuation of a syntactic unit from one line or couplet of a poem to the next with no pause	54
5288897128	Epic	a very long narrative poem on a serious theme in a dignified style	55
5288901452	Epitaph	lines that commemorate the dead at their burial place	56
5288904435	Euphemism	a word or phrase that takes the place of a harsh, unpleasant, or impolite reality (ex. "let go" in place of "fired")	57
5288912156	Euphony	when sounds blend harmoniously	58
5288914969	Explicit	to say or write something directly and clearly	59
5288918592	Farce	refers to extremely broad humor; a comedy	60
5288923234	Feminine Rhyme	lines rhymed by their final two syllables	61
5288931628	First Person Narrator	narrator who is a character in the story and tells the tale from his point of view	62
5288936476	Foil	a secondary character whose purpose is to highlight the characteristics of a main character, usually by contrast	63
5288941522	Foot	the basic rhythmic unit of a line of poetry; formed by a combination of 2 or 3 syllables, either stressed or unstressed	64
5288950404	Foreshadowing	an event or statement in a narrative that in miniature suggests a larger event that comes later	65
5288954549	Free Verse	poetry written without a regular rhyme scheme or metrical pattern	66
5288960532	Genre	a sub-category of literature	67
5288964363	Gothic	sensibility derived from gothic novels	68
5288969199	Hubris	the excessive pride or ambition that leads to the main character's downfall	69
5288981607	Hyperbole	exaggeration or deliberate overstatement	70
5288984433	Implicit	to say or write something that suggests and implies but never says it directly or clearly	71
5288988344	In Medias Res	"in the midst of things"	72
5288998384	Interior Monologue	refers to writing that records the mental talking that goes on inside a character's head; occurs in novels and poetry	73
5289015048	Inversion	switching the customary order of elements in a sentence or phrase	74
5289020165	Irony	a statement that means the opposite of what it seems to mean	75
5289028869	Lament	a poem of sadness or grief over the death of a loved one or over some other intense loss	76
5289033012	Lampoon	a satire	77
5289035040	Loose Sentence	complete before its end	78
5289039472	Periodic Sentence	not grammatically complete until it has reached its final phrase	79
5289045609	Lyric	a type of poetry that explores the poet's personal interpretation of and feelings about the world	80
5289053653	Masculine Rhyme	a rhyme ending on the final stressed syllable ("regular old rhyme")	81
5289064722	Means/ Meaning	the one task you have to do all the time; concrete and explicit; also emotional meaning	82
5289321371	Melodrama	a form of cheesy theater in which the hero is very good, the villain mean and rotten, and the heroine is oh-so-pure	83
5289329815	Metaphor	a comparison, or analogy that states one thing is another	84
5289336311	Simile	a comparison, that uses like or as	85
5331280628	Metaphysical Conceit	conceit reserved for only metaphysical poems	86
5331283186	Metonym	a word that is used to stand for something else that it has attributes of or is associated with	87
5331297688	Nemesis	the protagonist's arch enemy or supreme and persistent difficulty	88
5331310579	Neologism	technical term for coinage	89
5331315517	Objectivity	a treatment of subject matter that is an impersonal or outside view of events	90
5331321865	Subjectivity	a treatment that uses the interior or personal view of a single observer and is typically colored with that observer's emotional responses	91
5331334295	Omniscient Narrator	a third person narrator who sees into each character's mind and understands all the action going on	92
5331348075	Onomatopoeia	words that sound like what they mean (ex. boom, smack, etc.)	93
5331361179	Opposition	a concept in which you have a pair of elements that contrast sharply	94
5331376410	Oxymoron	a phrase composed of opposites; a contradiction (ex. jumbo shrimp)	95
5331381846	Parable	similar to a fable or allegory; it is a story that instructs	96
5331386376	Paradox	a situation or statement that seems to contradict itself, but on closer inspection, does not	97
5331400339	Parallelism	repeated syntactical similarities used for effect	98
5331406450	Paraphrase	to restate phrases and sentences in your own words; to re-phrase	99
5331414191	Parenthetical Phrase	a phrase set off by commas that interrupts the flow of a sentence with some commentary or added detail (ex. Jack's three dogs, including that miserable little spaniel, were with him that day)	100
5331431503	Parody	the work that results when a specific work is exaggerated to ridiculousness	101
5331503839	Pastoral	a poem set in tranquil nature or even more specifically, one about shepherds	102
5331526047	Persona	the narrator in a non-first-person novel	103
5331530541	Personification	when an inanimate object takes on human shape	104
5331535532	Plaint	a poem or speech expressing sorrow	105
5331549351	Point of View	the perspective from which the action of a novel is presented, whether the action is presented by one character or from different vantage points over the course of the novel	106
5331572090	Limited Omniscient Narrator	a third person narrator who generally reports only what one character sees, and who only reports the thoughts of that one privileged character	107
5331601920	Objective/ Camera-Eye Narrator	a third person narrator who only reports on what would be visible to a camera	108
5331615159	Stream of Consciousness Technique	method that is similar to first person narration but instead of the character telling the story, the author places the reader inside the main character's head and makes the reader privy to all of the character's thoughts as they scroll through her consciousness	109
5331643652	Prelude	an introductory poem to a longer work of verse	110
5331649598	Protagonist	the main character of a novel or play	111
5331651625	Pun	the usually humorous use of a word in such a way to suggest two or more meanings	112
5331665015	Refrain	a line or set of lines repeated several times over the course of a poem	113
5331673032	Requiem	a song of prayer for the dead	114
5331681287	Rhapsody	an intensely passionate verse or section of verse, usually of love or praise	115
5331689190	Rhetorical Question	a question that suggests an answer; it causes the listener to feel she has come up with the answer on her own	116
5331705223	Satire	attempts to improve things by pointing out people's mistakes in the hope that once exposed, such behavior will become less common; exposes common character flaws to the cold light of humor	117
5331746698	Soliloquy (***UNLIKE AN ASIDE, THIS IS NOT MEANT TO IMPLY THAT THE ACTOR ACKNOWLEDGES THE AUDIENCE'S PRESENCE)	a speech spoken by a character alone on stage; meant to convey the impression that the audience is listening to the character's thoughts	118
5331782876	Stanza	a group of lines roughly analogous in function in verse to the paragraph's function in prose	119
5331789963	Stock Characters	standard or cliched character types: the drunk, the miser, the foolish girl, etc.	120
5331803924	Subjunctive Mood	occurs when one sets up a hypothetical situation, a kind of wishful thing	121
5331823419	Suggest	to imply, infer, indicate	122
5331827374	Summary	a simple retelling of what you've just read; in comparison to paraphrase, it is more general and covers more material	123
5331867622	Suspension of Disbelief	the demand made of a theater audience to accept the limitations of staging and supply the details with imagination	124
5331888552	Symbolism	a device in literature where an object represents an idea	125
5331893959	Technique	the methods, the tools, the "how-she-does-it" ways of the author	126
5331917217	Theme	the main idea of the overall work; the central idea	127
5331923660	Thesis	the main position of an argument; the central contention that will be supported	128
5331932096	Tragic Flaw	in a tragedy, this is the weakness of a character in an otherwise good individual that ultimately leads to his demise	129
5331940136	Travesty	a grotesque parody	130
5331942623	Truism	a way-too obvious truth	131
5331945511	Unreliable Narrator	when the first person narrator is crazy, a liar, very young, or for some reason not entirely credible	132
5331956100	Utopia	an idealized place; imaginary community	133
5331958615	Zeugma	the use of a word to modify two or more words, but used for different meanings	134

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AP Literature week 14 Flashcards

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5598861219	inundate (verb)	to fill an overwhelming abundance	0
5598861220	irate (adj.)	moved to anger	1
5598861221	juncture (noun)	a joint, seam, crossing, crossroad	2
5598861222	leniency (noun)	being more merciful or tolerant than expected	3
5598861223	loathe (verb)	to feel intense dislike or disgust for something	4

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AP English Literature Terms Flashcards

sources of definitions are The Princeton Review (TPR) and Barron's AP study guides. and class notes that Mr. Enns distributed :)

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4528080125	allegory	a story in which the narrative/characters carry an underlying symbolic, metaphorical or possibly an ethical meaning	0
4528080126	alliteration	the repetition of one or more initial consonant in a group of words or lines of poetry or prose. writers use this for ornament or for emphasis	1
4528080129	anachronism	a person, scene, event, or other element in literature that fails to correspond with the time/era in which the work is set	2
4528080130	analogy	a comparison that points out similarities between two dissimilar things	3
4528080132	antagonist	a character or force in a work of literature that, by opposing the protagonist produces tension or conflict	4
4528080168	colloquialism	this is a word or phrase used in everyday conversational English that isn't a part of accepted "schoolbook" English	5
4528080171	connotation	the suggest or implied meaning of a word/phrase	6
4528080173	couplet	a pair of lines that end in rhyme	7
4528080175	denotation	the literal, dictionary definition of a word	8
4528080176	denouement	the resolution that occurs at the end of a play or work or fiction	9
4528080177	deus ex machina	in literature, the use of an artificial device or gimmick to solve a problem	10
4528080179	diction	the choice of words in oral and written discourse	11
4528080184	dramatic irony	when the audience knows something that the characters in the drama do not	12
4528080194	epitaph	lines that commemorate the dead at their burial place. usually a line or handful of lines, often serious or religious, but sometimes witty and even irreverent	13
4528080206	falling action	the action in a play or story that occurs after the climax and that leads to the conclusion and often to the resolution of the conflict	14
4528080210	foil	a secondary character whose purpose is to highlight the characteristics of a main character, usually by contrast	15
4528080211	first person narrative	a narrative told by a character involved in the story, using first-person pronouns such as "I" and "we"	16
4528080213	foreshadowing	an event or statement in a narrative that suggests, in miniature, a larger event that comes later	17
4528080221	hyperbole	exaggeration/deliberate overstatement	18
4528080228	irony	a mode of expression in which the intended meaning is the opposite of what is stated, often implying ridicule or light sarcasm	19
4528080240	metaphor	a figure of speech that compares unlike objects	20
4528080250	onomatopoeia	words that sound like what they mean	21
4528080260	omniscient narrator	a narrator with unlimited awareness, understanding, and insight of characters, setting, background, and all other elements of the story	22
4528080261	oxymoron	a phrase composed of opposites; a contradiction. juxtaposition of contradictory element to create a paradoxical effect	23
4528080265	paradox	a statement that seems self-contradictory yet true	24
4528080274	personification	giving an inanimate object human like qualities or form	25
4528080275	plot	the interrelationship among the events in a story, including exposition, rising action, climax, falling action and resolution	26
4528080278	point of view	the perspective from which the action of a novel in presented.	27
4528080301	simile	figurative comparison using the words "like" or "as"	28
4528080306	sonnet	a popular form of verse consisting of fourteen lines and a prescribed rhyme scheme. two types: Shakespearean and Petrarchan	29
4528080318	theme	the main idea or meaning, often an abstract idea upon which a work of literature is built	30
4528080319	thesis	the main position of an argument. the central contention that will be supported	31
4528080322	tragedy	a form of literature in which the hero is destroyed by some character flaw and a set of forces that cause the hero considerable anguish, or even death	32
4528080354	dialect	a way of speaking that is characteristic of a particular region/group of people	33

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AP Literature Terms Flashcards

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5718376419	Anecdote	A short narrative detailing particulars of an interesting episode or event. They differ from short stories in that they lack a complicated plot and relate a single episode.	0
5718377613	Flashback	A method of presenting exposition dramatically. A flashback is used to present scenes or incidents that occurred prior to the opening scene of the work.	1
5718377614	Narrative Voice	A term used to reference the voice who communicates the narrative. Here, the narrative communicated is important, but so are the traits that characterize the voice, including diction and syntax.	2
5718381168	Syntax	The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.	3
5718377620	First Person	A point of view in which the voice communicating the narrative belongs to a character within the story or novel. Often the First Person Narrator is the protagonist.	4
5718378605	Third Person Limited	A story in which the Third Person Narrator restricts him/herself to revealing the thoughts and feeling of a single character. Again, the thoughts and feelings are usually those of the protagonist.	5
5718385299	Omniscient	A point of view in which the narrator knows all aspects of the account and can reveal the thoughts and feelings of any character at any time.	6
5718386776	Dramatic	A point of view in which the reader gains information only through dialogue, actions and setting. This point of view restricts the reader's methods of deriving information to those employed in a play.	7
5718388661	Stream of Consciousness	A form of narrative that is structured to reflect the workings of a particular character's mind. The narrative may appear disjointed or illogical and may rely more on psychological association rather than a logical pattern.	8
5718391993	Direct Characterization	Information about a character that is conveyed directly by the narrator.	9
5718393019	Indirect Characterization	Methods of indirect characterization include dialogue (character's speech), character's actions, Character's thoughts, details of personal settings, and opinions of other characters. These devices are more subtle and require interpretation from the reader.	10
5718394290	Plot	(Exposition, Complication, Rising Action, Climax, Falling Action, Resolution): A chain of cause and effect related episodes constructed to make a statement.	11
5718395616	Exposition	Essential background information about characters and setting before the conflict is introduced.	12
5718396346	Complication	The event or person that disrupts the routine of the exposition and creates the conflict.	13
5718397273	Rising Action	The events that create an intensification of the conflict and lead up to the climax.	14
5718397274	Climax	The point of highest intensification in terms of conflict. The climax determines the direction the story will take from this point forward.	15
5718399102	Falling Action	Falling action concerns the fallout from the climax, its influence on the protagonist's life. In a tragedy, it depicts the failing fortunes of the protagonist.	16
5718400362	Resolution	The new routine or reality that is established as a result of playing through the conflict and climax.	17
5718401748	Dynamic Character	A character who undergoes change or development through the course of a narrative.	18
5718402826	Static Character	A character who does not undergo change or development in a narrative.	19
5718404096	Round Character	A multi-faceted character who displays many complex character traits.	20
5718404891	Flat Character	A single-faceted character or a character constructed around a single quality.	21
5718406999	Stock Character	A character type in a specific genre of literature (the fool, the humorous sidekick, the femme fatale).	22
5718407000	Protagonist	The chief character in a story or play. The character who enlists the reader's interest and sympathy whether his/her cause is heroic or ignoble.	23
5718408776	Anti-hero	The protagonist of a modern play or novel who exhibits the converse of most of the traditional attributes of a hero.	24
5718409770	Antagonist	The character who stands in opposition to the protagonist.	25
5718410854	Foil	A character who through strong contrast underscores or enhances the distinctive characteristics of another.	26
5718410855	Frame Story	Literally, a story within a story. The primary narrative is framed by a separate dramatic situation.	27
5718413003	Bildungsroman	A novel concerned with the psychological, emotional, and spiritual development of a young protagonist.	28
5718417536	Act	A major division of a drama, often tied to varying degrees to the Roman model of the five act play, divided by exposition, complication, climax, falling action and catastrophe.	29
5718418988	Anagnorisis	A moment of epiphany when a character discovers his/her true identity.	30
5718418989	Aside	A dramatic convention by which an actor directly and audibly addresses the audience, but is not supposed to be heard by other actors on stage.	31
5718422052	Catastrophe	The conclusion of a play, particularly a tragedy. The final stage of the falling action that ends the conflict and consisting of the actions that result from the climax. In tragedy, it typically involves the death of the protagonist.	32
5718424507	Catharsis	The audience purges itself of negative emotions such as fear and pity through vicarious involvement with the plight of the tragic hero.	33
5718426429	Comic Relief	A humorous scene, incident, or speech in the course of a serious drama.	34
5718427883	Crisis	The decisive action on which the plot will turn, and as a result, the situation in which the protagonist finds himself is either sure to improve or get worse.	35
5718429036	Denouement	The final unraveling of the plot, the solution to the mystery, the explanation or outcome.	36
5718430191	Deus Ex Machina	The employment of some unexpected or improbable incident in order to make things turn out right.	37
5718430192	Epilogue	A concluding statement or final remarks spoken by an actor to the audience.	38
5718433161	Farce	A dramatic piece intended to excite laughter and depending less on plot and character than on exaggerated, improbable situations. The humor arises from gross incongruities, coarse wit, or horseplay.	39
5718435853	Hamartia	Character flaw or judgment error of the protagonist in a Greek tragedy	40
5718435855	Hubris	Great pride. Hubris is often the character flaw (hamartia) of the protagonist in a Greek drama.	41
5718437775	Monologue	Any speech or narrative presented by one character, sometimes used to refer to a lengthy speech by a character.	42
5718437776	Prologue	Sets forth the subject and provides the background necessary for understanding the play.	43
5718438612	Scene	A continuous section of action in an unchanged locality.	44
5718442143	Soliloquy	A speech delivered by a character who is alone on the stage. It gives the reader or viewer insight into the character's thoughts.	45
5718444146	Tragedy	A drama which recounts an important and related series of events in the life of a person of significance and culminates in a catastrophe.	46
5718444147	Tragic Hero	A person of high rank who, through ill-fortune or through his own vice or error falls from that high position. This fall is typically the result of a choice made by the protagonist but dictated by his tragic flaw.	47
5718445581	Tragic Flaw	A character fault or flaw that leads to the fall of a tragic hero.	48
5718452182	Dramatic Situation	The basic information necessary for the reader to feel grounded in a poem on the literal level	49
5718452183	Alliteration	Repetition of the initial sound in a series of words, usually a beginning consonant sound ("bend your force, to break, blow, burn and make me new").	50
5718453877	Allusion	Reference to a well-known work of art ("By these his thorns give me his other crown")	51
5718455283	Apostrophe	The speaker directly addresses something (an object or concept) that can't respond ("Death, be not proud, though some have called thee/mighty and dreadful").	52
5718455284	Assonance	Repetition of a particular vowel sound in a series of words ("I don't supposed to be this close to the tracks").	53
5718457399	Accentual Syllabic Meter	A metric pattern where each line has roughly the same number of stressed syllables ("On Fridays he'd open a can of Jax / After coming home from the mill").	54
5718458474	Blank Verse	Poetry written in unrhymed, iambic pentameter verse.	55
5718461471	Caesura	A strategic pause within a line of poetry (the Anglo-Saxon line in Beowulf: "and the kings who ruled them had courage and greatness.")	56
5718461472	Conceit	A metaphor that is extended throughout a large portion of a poem or the entire poem. For example, John Donne's poem "The Bait" compares courtship to fishing.	57
5718463255	Dramatic Monologue	A poem with an identifiable persona who tells his story to an identifiable audience. The story recounts a time of tension in the speaker's life and reveals more about the speaker than he intended. In fact, the reader hears two stories, the literal account told by the speaker, and a second account we infer from the details of the story ("My Last Duchess" by Robert Browning).	58
5718463256	End-stopped Line	A line of poetry that ends with terminal punctuation, a period, question mark or exclamation point.	59
5718464713	Enjambment	A line of poetry that ends in an unconventional place, carrying the sentence over to the next line. The line is broken strategically to produce a desired effect ("It gathers to a greatness like the ooze of oil / crushed").	60
5718465601	Free Verse	Poetry without any recognizable metrical pattern or rhyme scheme.	61
5718465612	Iambic Pentameter	A line consisting of five iambic feet, an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable ("To pull the metal splinter from my palm").	62
5718468768	Image	A description that appeals to one of the senses ("a red wheelbarrow glazed with rainwater").	63
5718468769	Internal Rhyme	A rhyme that appears somewhere other than just at the ends of lines ("For the moon never beams without bringing me dreams").	64
5718472682	Metonymy	A figure of speech in which an attribute or commonly associated feature is used to represent a larger concept (The pen is mightier than the sword).	65
5718474860	Onomatopoeia	The use of words whose sound imitates the word's meaning (buzz, hum, crash).	66
5718474861	Oxymoron	A juxtaposition of opposites ("The cloud boiled over those stars until it was burned by their icy fire").	67
5718476258	Pathetic Fallacy	Endowing the natural world with human psychological state ("the sullen wind was soon awake")	68
5718477096	Paradox	A statement or assertion that seems contradictory but, within the context of the poem, makes sense ("nor ever chaste unless you ravish me").	69
5718477097	Persona	The writer takes on a recognizable identity other that his or her own and gives the account from that point of view: "The River-Merchant's Wife" by Ezra Pound.	70
5718478321	Personification	Giving something non-human human characteristics ("Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines").	71
5718478377	Slant Rhyme	A near rhyme (room and come), also known as consonantal or assonantal rhyme.	72
5718479585	Shakespearean Sonnet	A fourteen line poem written in iambic pentameter comprised of three quatrains and a couplet and having a rhyme scheme of abab cdcd efef gg. Typically, the quatrains provide a series of examples and the couplet offers commentary on the examples.	73
5718482846	Italian Sonnet	A fourteen line poem typically written in iambic pentameter comprised of an octave and a sestet. At the beginning of the sestet there is a shift in tone called a "volta." Often the octave will pose a mystery or raise a question and the sestet will provide a solution or an answer. The rhyme scheme for the octave is abbaabba, and the sestet rhyme scheme varies; one common scheme for the sestet is cdecde.	74
5718482847	Synesthesia	The use of language typically applied to one sense to describe another ("to speak in the green language of chlorophyll").	75
5718484621	Synecdoche	The use of a part of an object to represent the whole ("the feet mechanical go round").	76

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AP Language Vocab (Trimester 2) Flashcards

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5791101481	Alliteration	The repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words. Although the term is not frequently in the multiple choice section, you can look for it in any essay passage. This kind of repetition can reinforce meaning, unify ideas, supply a musical sound, and/or echo the sense of the passage.	0
5791102919	Allusion	A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art.	1
5791105177	Ambiguity	The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage.	2
5791106046	Analogy	A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them. This can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with something more familiar, or make writing more vivid, imaginative, or intellectually engaging.	3
5791099920	Allegory	The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction (i.e. hope) in addition to the literal meaning (i.e. moral truth).	4
5791206030	Antecedent	The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun (i.e. "But it is the grandeur of all truth which can occupy a very high place in human interests...").	5
5791212355	Antithesis	The opposition or contrast of ideas; the direct opposite.	6
5791206761	Aphorism	A terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle. It can be a memorable summation of the author's point.	7
5791206958	Apostrophe	A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love (basically something that cannot answer). The effect may add familiarity or emotional intensity.	8
5791208262	Atmosphere	The emotional nod created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the author's choice of objects that are described. Frequently this foreshadows events or creates a mood.	9
5791208418	Caricature	A verbal description, the purpose of which is to exaggerate or distort, for comic effect, a person's distinctive physical features or other characteristics.	10
5791208620	Clause	A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb. There are dependent and independent ones. You should consider why the author subordinates one element over another.	11
5791208914	Colloquial/Colloquialism	The use of slang or informalities in speech or writing. This type of expression in writing include local or regional dialects.	12
5791209076	Conceit	A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects. It displays intellectual cleverness as a result of the unusual comparison being made.	13
5791214514	Connotation	The non-literal, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning. Connotations may involve ideas, emotions, or attitudes.	14
5791213017	Denotation	The strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude, or color. (Antonym to connotation).	15
5791213607	Diction	Related to style, this refers to the writer's word choices, especially with regard to their correctness, clearness, or effectiveness (i.e. formal or informal, ornate or plain). It can complement the author's purpose and combined with syntax, figurative language, literary devices, etc., creates an author's style.	16
5791214515	Didactic	These type of words have the primary aim of teaching or instructing, especially the teaching of moral or ethical principles.	17
5791217479	Euphemism	These are a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept. It may be used to adhere to standards of social or political correctness or to add humor or ironic understatement (i.e. saying "earthly remains" rather than "corpse").	18
5791218341	Extended Metaphor	A metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work.	19
5791218453	Figurative Language	Writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid.	20
5791117823	Understatement	The ironic minimizing of fact, understatement presents something as less significant than it is. The effect can frequently be humorous and emphatic (antonym to hyperbole).	21
5791118586	Transition	A word or phrase that links different ideas. These effectively signal a shift from one idea to another.	22
5791121086	Theme	The central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life. Usually it is unstated in fictional works, but in nonfiction, this may be directly state, especially in expository or argumentative writing.	23
5791203990	Homily	This term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.	24
5791202756	Hyperbole	A figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement. These often have a comic effect; however, a serious effect is also possible. Often, it produces irony (antonym to "understatement").	25
5791122963	Syntax	The way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences. This is similar to diction, but you can differentiate them by thinking of it as groups of words, while diction refers to the individual words.	26
5791124153	Synethesia	Refers to the practice of associating two or more different senses in the same image (i.e. Taste the Pain).	27
5791126136	Literary Symbol	Type of symbol that is sometimes also conventional in the sense that they are found in a variety of works and are more generally recognized.	28
5791199235	Irony/Ironic	The contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant, or the difference between what appears to be and what is actually true. It is often used to create poignancy or humor. Three major types are verbal, situational, and dramatic.	29
5791200299	Verbal Irony	When the words literally state the opposite of the writer's (or speaker's) meaning.	30
5791127222	Conventional Symbol	Type of symbol that has been invested with meaning by a group (religious symbols such as a cross or Star of David; national symbols, such as a flag or an eagle; or group symbols, such as a skull and crossbones for pirates).	31
5791128297	Natural Symbol	Type of symbol where objects and occurrences from nature symbolize ideas commonly associated with them (i.e. dawn symbolizing hope or a new beginning).	32
5791197138	Litotes	A form of understatement that involves making an affirmative point by denying its opposite (antonym to "hyperbole").	33
5791205095	Figure of Speech	A device used to produce figurative language. Many compare dissimilar things. These include apostrophe, hyperbole, irony, metaphor, oxymoron, paradox, personification, simile, synecdoche, and understatement.	34
5791204483	Generic Conventions	These describe traditions for each genre and help define them (i.e. differentiating an essay vs. journalistic writing or an autobiography vs. political writing).	35
5791190262	Metonymy	A figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. (i.e. "the White House declared" vs. "the President declared"). A substituted term generally carries a more potent emotional impact.	36
5791130854	Syllogism	A deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises ( major and minor) that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion (i.e. All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is a mortal).	37
5791204326	Genre	The major category into which a literary work fits. The basic divisions of literature are prose, poetry, and drama, which can be divided into subdivisions.	38
5791133171	Subordinate Clause	This word group contains both a subject and a verb, but unlike the independent clause, this clause cannot stand alone; it does not express a complete thought and depends on a main clause to complete its meaning.	39
5791185745	Oxymoron	A figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox and add complexity to a subject (i.e. "cruel kindness").	40
5791185192	Paradox	A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity (i.e. "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times...."). It is used to illustrate an opinion or statement contrary to accepted traditional ideas or make a reader think over an idea in innovative way.	41
5791177554	Parallelism	This refers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity. The effects frequently act as an organizing force to attract the reader's attention, add emphasis and organization, or simply provide a musical rhythm.	42
5791134237	Predicate Adjective	An adjective, a group of adjectives, or adjective clause that follows a linking verb. It is in the predicate of the sentence, and modifies, or describes, the subject (i.e. Warren remained optimistic. optimistic = ? as it modifies the subject, Warren).	43
5791176654	Parody	A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule. It exploits peculiarities of an author's expression (i.e. repetition). Usually an audience must grasp literary allusion and understand the work being ridicules in order to fully appreciate the nuances of the newer work.	44
5791175801	Pedantic	An adjective that describes words, phrases, or a general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish ("show-offy").	45
5791138002	Predicate Nominative	A noun, group of nouns, or noun clause that renames the subject. It follows a linking verb and is located in the predicate of the sentence (i.e. Julia Roberts is a movie star. movie star = ? as it renames the subject, Julia Roberts).	46
5791201486	Imagery	The sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions. An author may use this while simultaneously employing other figures of speech, especially metaphor and simile.	47
5791139275	Subject Complement	The word or clause that follows a linking verb and complements, or completes, the subject of the sentence by either renaming it (the predicate nominative) or describing it (the predicate adjective).	48
5791172525	First Person Narration	When the author tells the story with the first person pronoun, "I," and is a character in the story.	49
5791172079	Third Person Narration	When the author relates the events with the third person pronouns, "he," "she," and "it." There are two.	50
5791201064	Inference/Infer	To draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented.	51
5791140298	Style	The consideration of this has the purpose of evaluating how appropriate an author's personal rhetorical choices are to their purpose, or classifying and comparing an author to a genre.	52
5791200883	Invective	An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.	53
5791149186	Semantics	The branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words, their historical and psychological development, their connotations, and their relation to one another.	54
5791166214	Rhetoric	From the Greek for "orator," this term describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively.	55
5791150987	Sarcasm	Involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something. It may use irony as a device, and successful usage can be witty and insightful; when poorly done, it is simply cruel.	56
5791198196	Situational Irony	When events turn out the opposite of what was expected by the characters and readers.	57
5791152203	The Purpose of Narration	To tell a story or narrate an event or series of events. This writing mode frequently uses the tools of descriptive writing.	58
5791196593	Dramatic Irony	When facts or events are unknown to a character in a play or piece of fiction but known to the reader, audience, or other characters in the work.	59
5791153753	The Purpose of Argumentation	To prove the validity of an idea, or point of view, by presenting sound reasoning, discussion, and argument that thoroughly convince the reader. Persuasive writing is a type of argumentation having an additional aim of urging some form of action.	60
5791153290	The Purpose of Description	To recreate, invent, or visually present a person, place, event or action so that the reader can picture that being described. Sometimes an author engages all five senses in this; descriptive writing may be straightforward and objective or highly emotional an subjective.	61
5791149949	Satire	A work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule. The effects of this are varied, depending on the writer's goal, but successful usage is often humorous, thought provoking and insightful about the human condition.	62
5791192169	Loose Sentence/Non-periodic Sentence	A type of sentence in which the main idea comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses. A work containing many of these often seems informal, relaxed, or conversational and create a loose style.	63
5791159380	The Purpose of Exposition	To explain and analyze information by presenting an idea, relevant evidence, and appropriate discussion (AKA expository writing).	64
5791191041	Metaphor	A figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one for the other, suggesting some similarity. This type of language makes writing more vivid, imaginative, thought provoking, and meaningful.	65
5791164950	Rhetorical Modes	This flexible term describes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing.	66
5791186633	Mood	The prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work. Setting, tone, and events can affect the this. It is similar to tone and atmosphere.	67
5791188797	Narrative	The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events.	68
5791167000	Prose	This genre refers to fiction and nonfiction, including all its forms.	69
5791129525	Symbol/Symbollism	Generally, anything that represents itself and stands for something else. Usually this is something concrete-such as an object, action, character, or scene-that represents something more abstract.	70
5791166858	Repetition	The duplication, either exact or approximate, of any element of language, such as a sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern.	71
5791186265	Onomatopoeia	A figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words. Simple examples include such words as buzz, hiss, hum, crack, whinny, and murmur and make writing more expressive and interesting.	72
5791169247	Third Person Objective	Point of view in which the narrator presents the feelings and thoughts of only one character, presenting only the actions of all the remaining characters.	73
5791125206	Synecdoche	A figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent the whole or, occasionally, the whole is used to represent a part. For example, to refer to a car as "wheels" (antonym to metonymy).	74
5791169921	Third Person Omnicient	Point of View in which the narrator, with godlike knowledge, presents the thoughts and actions of any or all characters. third person limited omniscient,	75
5791177234	Anaphora	A sub-type of parallelism, when the exact repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of successive lines or sentences.	76
5791172851	Point of View	The attitude and perspective from which a story is told. The two general divisions are first person and third person narration.	77
5791120146	Thesis	The sentence or group of sentences that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or position. It is usually judged by analyzing how accurately, effectively, and thoroughly a writer has proven it.	78
5791119023	Tone	Similar to mood, this describes the author's attitude toward his material, the audience, or both. This intonation of speech determines what message the author desires to convey.	79
5791173693	Personification	A figure of speech in which the author presents or describes concepts, animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions. This is used to make these abstractions, animals, or objects appear more vivid to the reader.	80
5791174627	Periodic Sentence	A sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. The effect of this is to add emphasis and structural variety and is much stronger than a loose sentence.	81
5791117470	Wit	Intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights. This kind of statement is humorous, while suggesting the speaker's verbal power in creating ingenious and perceptive remarks.	82

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AP Flashcards

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5711101227	Heart and blood vessels transport:	water, gases, proteins and hormones	0
5711109707	heart location	mediastenum 2/3 of the heart is on the left of the midline	1
5711125050	Stronger pump	left side bottom Left	2
5711130084	Tricuspid valve is	three cusps	3
5711138021	Bicuspid valve is	two cusps	4
5711148360	3 areas that dump blood into the atrium:	coronary sinus, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava	5
5711164204	Pulmonary is	the only place in the body that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium	6
5711180974	Right side of heart consists (Lungs)	right atrium, right ventricle takes low content of oxygen blood from the body and into the lungs for oxygenation	7
5711226043	Left side of the heart consists (Body)	left atrium, left ventricle take high content of oxygen blood from the lungs and into the rest of the body	8
5711257939	Top part of the heart consists	atrial kick weaker pump	9
5711263453	Bottom part of the heart consists	pulmonary and systematic circuits stronger pump	10
5711278947	Blood pH	7.35	11
5711293442	Atrial fibrillation	no atrial kick hypertension, rapid firing through pulmonary veins, clot formation in the atrium	12
5711315753	AV (atrioventricular valves)	allow blood to flow from atria to ventricles	13
5711326539	SA (semilunar valves)	allow blood to flow from the ventricles into the outflow vessels	14
5711383132	chordea tendineae	and contract to prevent inversion or prolapse of these valves on systole (or ventricular contraction) attached to papillary muscle	15
5711576662	papillary muscle	prevents valves from trauma, slowly closing them instead of slamming them	16
5711591570	each cusp makes up	1/3 of the valves	17
5712325653	arteries	carry oxygenated blood, thick because they are under a lot pressure and exposed to high pressures and friction forces	18
5712325654	veins	carry deoxygenated blood, thin because they are exposed to low pressure and minimal friction forces	19
5712341746	epicardium	thin, transparent outer layer	20
5712351925	myocardium	thick middle layer, is composed of cardiac muscle	21
5712393128	endocardium	simple squamous epithelium	22
5712383817	ventricle syncytium	squeezing blood from the apex to the outflow vessels	23
5712370861	atrial muscle syncytium	contracts to force blood into the ventricles	24
5712424628	cardiac output	heart rate x stroke volume	25
5712443166	cardioaccelatory system is found	medulla carotid body and in the arch of the aorta rely information about blood pressure and blood flow to CAS (cardio acc sys)	26
5712886931	heart murmur	abnormal sound that consists of a flow noise that is heard before, between, or after the lubb-dupp or that may mask the normal sounds entirely	27
5712912791	systole	contraction	28
5712912793	diastole	relaxation	29
5712939449	P wave	atrial depolarization	30
5712944932	P-Q wave	time it takes for atrial kick to fill the ventricles	31
5712960489	QRS wave	ventricular depolarization (pumping) and atrial repolarization (filling)	32
5712974278	S-T wave	time it takes to empty the ventricles before they repolarize (fill)	33
5713006382	brachial artery	is where you check blood pressure	34
5713012273	normal blood pressure	120/80	35
5713029636	during atrial systole	the ventricles are relaxed	36
5713039523	during ventricle diastole	the atria are relaxed	37

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AP language and comp vocab Flashcards

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5689753899	diction	the distinctive vocabulary of a particular author that gives the reader a mental picture	0
5689753900	rhetoric	the art of using language as means to persuade	1
5689753901	bombastic	using or characterized by high-sounding but unimportant or meaningless language	2
5689753902	ethos	an appeal based on the character of the speaker	3
5689753903	logos	an appeal based on logic or reason	4
5689753904	pathos	an appeal based on emotion	5
5689753905	capricious	impulsive; unpredictable	6
5689753906	tone	the writer's attitude, mood, or moral outlook toward the subject and or readers	7
5689753907	appeal	the power of arousing a sympathetic response	8
5689753908	argument	discourse intended to persuade; the subject matter, a process of reasoning	9
5689753909	colloquialism	a word or phrase used in an easy, informal style of writing or speaking	10
5689753910	connotation	suggestions and associations which surround a word as opposed to its bare, literal meaning	11
5689753911	apathy	a lack of feeling or emotion; lack of interest or concern	12
5689753912	paradox	a statement that appears to be contradictory, but which reveals a deeper truth	13
5689753913	dialect	variety of language confined to a region or group; manner or means of expressing oneself	14
5689753914	understatement	a statement which says less than is really meant	15
5689753915	hyperbole	deliberate and obvious exaggeration for effect	16
5689753916	anecdote	a short narrative of an interesting, amusing, or biographical incident	17
5689753917	condescending	patronizing or assuming superiority	18
5689753918	voice	an author's distinctive literary style, basic vision and general attitude toward the world	19

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AP world history: chapter 25 Flashcards

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5666749679	Thomas Peters	Slave famous for crossing the Atlantic Ocean 4 different times/traded back and forth between slave owners before breaking free and joining a war against slavery/actual African name is unknown	0
5666749680	The Songhay Empire	empire that replaced mali with exclusively muslim rulers, a capital city at gao, and a hella lotta conquering and trans-saharan trade	1
5666749681	Sunni Ali	ruler during songhay empire who conquered many places including important trading cities of timbuktu and jenne & built an extensive admin + military	2
5666749682	Timbuktu	important trading city conquered by the songhay empire.	3
5666749683	Gao	trading city that became the capital of the songhay empire	4
5666749684	Vasco da Gama	portuguese explorer who was the first european to reach india by sea around africa (a path now known as the cape of good hope)	5
5666749685	Kongo	african kingdom with a centralized government +elaborate administration/had very close ties with the portuguese + converted to Christianity to closen their relationship with them	6
5666749686	King Afonso I	kongo king who was a devout Christian & forcibly imposed his faith on his subjects	7
5666749687	Angola (Ndongo)	first european kingdom in africa run by portuguese slave trading	8
5666749688	Queen Nzinga	queen whose goal was to get rid of portuguese + build an african empire/led resistance against portuguese	9
5666749689	The Fulani	nomadic peoples in africa who observed strict form of islam/began campaigns to establish islamic states + founded many important african kingdoms in doing so	10
5666749690	Antonian Movement	religious movement begun by dona beatriz who declared the messages of st. antony/challenge to christian missionaries	11
5666749691	Dona Beatriz	women who believed st. antony had possessed her in order to spread religious messages/begun antonian movement	12
5666749692	King Pedro IV of Kongo	king of kongo that the christian missionaries persuaded into arresting dona beatriz (leader of the antonian movement)	13
5666749693	Slave trade	africans raided + sold to europe/wanted men in their prime particularly/very profitable business	14
5666749694	Triangular Trade	triangular route of exchanging goods across the atlantic	15
5666749695	Tight packers vs. loose packers	conflicting theories as to how to best maintain numbers when transporting slaves across the atlantic/less slaves w/ better conditions vs more slaves with worser conditions	16
5666749696	Middle Passage	general term for atlantic slave journey	17
5666749697	Olaudah Equiano	slave who bought his own freedom + provided lots of info about the middle passage in his autobiography/later went on to lead antislavery movement in england	18
5666749698	African Diaspora	general term used in reference to the mass involuntary migration of african peoples due to slave trade	19
5666749699	Cash crops	crops that provided cultivators with significant products due to their demand, specifically sugar + tobacco	20
5666749700	maroons	escaped slaves that formed organized, military communities	21
5666749701	Haitian Revolution	rebellion in which the slaves from the french saint-domingue sugar colony declared independence & created new self-governing slave community named haiti	22
5666749702	Creole languages	family of languages with both african + european elements to it	23
5666749703	African-American Cultural traditions	mixed musical forms + traditions s a result of slaves interacting w/ different african slaves + american civilizations	24
5666749704	Abolition	end of slavery!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!@@@*@0293WOOOO!	25

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AP World History Chapter 17 Vocabulary Flashcards

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5565377472	Columbian exchange	the exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.	0
5565403095	Bartolome de las casas	Defender of Amerindians or activist for Amerindians	1
5565425706	encomienda	a grant of authority over a population of Amerindians in the Spanish Colonies	2
5565436254	creoles	a term used to describe someone of European decent born in the New World	3
5565774635	indentured servant	people who agreed to work in the new world if they signed a contract.	4
5565787616	mestizo	someone of mixed Amerindian and European descent	5
5565838085	mulatto	someone of mixed African and European descent	6
5565847246	house of burgesses	the first representative government in the New World, it is known as the Virginia general Assembly.	7
5565909829	pilgrims	group of English protestant who established Plymouth colony in Massachusetts in 1620	8
5565940096	puritans	English protestant who believed that God predestined souls to heaven or hell before birth	9
5565959036	Iroquois confederacy	an alliance of five northeastern Amerindian peoples that made decisions on military and diplomatic issues through a council of representatives	10
5565993176	new france	French colony in north America, with a capital in Quebec founded in 1608.	11

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