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AP Literature Figurative Language Devices October Flashcards

5227598233	Symbolism	The use of a concrete object to suggest something else, often an idea but could be a character or event.	0
5227598235	Personification	Giving humanlike characteristics to something other than a person.	1
5227598237	Metaphor	A comparison of 2 unlike things.	2
5227598238	Conceit	An extended metaphor comparison.	3
5227598239	Simile	Comparison of 2 unlike things using like, as, just so, and than.	4
5227598241	Hyperbole	Tremendous exaggeration.	5
5227598242	Allegory	A literary device in which a character, object, or event represents a moral, religious, or even a political principle (like goodness, faith, hope, trust, or communism).	6
5227598243	Allusion	Describing something by referring to a famous story. Types of Allusion: Biblical, mythical, historical, literary, political, or current pop culture.	7
5227598244	Apostrophe	A direct address; Often to an inanimate object or to a person dead or not present.	8
5227598245	Epigram	A witty saying that employs contrast.	9
5227598246	Oxymoron	Combination of opposite terms in a description that actually are both true in the given situation.	10
5227598247	Parable	Allegorical story to illustrate a moral.	11
5227598248	Parody	A work imitating the style of another comedic effect.	12
5227598249	Aphorism	A concise epigrammatic statement meant to reveal the truth or principle. These become like proverbs when they are widely popular but with an unknown origin.	13
5227598250	Archetype	The original model from which a story structure, character, theme, or plot is developed from humankind's collective unconscious.	14
5227598255	Leitmotif or Motif	Image or phrase that occurs repeatedly to unify a work & suggest a theme.	15
5227598256	Litotes	Making an affirmative point by negating its opposite; a type of understatement (example: "That's not bad" to mean "That's good").	16
5227598257	Malapropism	Misuse of a word where a word similar in sound but with a different meaning is used for a humorous effect.	17
5227598258	Metaphysical Conceit	Unusual extended metaphor of 2 very dissimilar things involving paradox/presents the commonplace in an unusual way.	18
5227598259	Metonymy	When something is represented by another that is frequently associated with it but not part of it (example: the Monarchy called "a crown").	19
5227598260	Synecdoche	Use of a part to represent a whole (example: calling a boat "a sail").	20
5227598261	Paradox	A statement that does not seem to be true, but upon closer examination, reveals the truth.	21
5227598265	Pun	A play on words with similar sound and/or spelling but different meanings OR a play on one's word's multiple meanings.	22
5227598266	7 Deadly Sins	EGGSLAP (envy, greed, gluttony, sloth, lechery, anger, and pride - considered the worst because Satan;s fall from grace)	23
5227598267	Synesthesia	Associating 2 or more senses in the same image description (example: red hot = sight & touch)	24
5229703913	Litotes	A form of understatement (saying the opposite of what we mean) often ironic or affirmation by saying something negative	25
5229703917	Juxtaposition	Two or more opposing ideas used together to create a contrast	26
5229703918	Metonymy	Substitute symbol to represent a whole	27
5229703919	Synecdoche	Substitute part of whole to represent the whole	28
5229703920	Allegory	Extended narrative (in poetry or prose) in which the characters and actions - and sometimes the setting - are contrived to make sense on the literal and figurative levels	29
5229703921	Apostrophe	Address person not present	30
5229703926	Satire	Subject (usually a human vice) is made fun of or scorned, eliciting amusement, contempt or indignation. Purpose is to provoke change.	31
5229703927	Euphemism	Uses an inoffensive or more socially acceptable word for something that could be inappropriate or offensive to some	32
5229703928	Aphorism	Brief statement of an opinion or elemental truth	33
5229703929	Assonance	Repetition of vowel sound within a group of words or lines	34
5229703930	Consonance	The repetition of the sequence of two or more consonants but with a change in the intervening vowel	35
5229703931	Parallelism	A pattern of language that create rhythm of repetition combined with some other language of repetition focusing on grammatical structure	36
5229703932	Ploce	Repeating a word within the same line or clause	37
5229703933	Anaphora	The deliberate repetition of a word at the beginning of several lines, is used to emphasize an idea.	38

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AP Literature Tone Set One Flashcards

AP Quizlet Game Set Middleton High School

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7557397958	Acerbic	Sharp; harsh; biting	0
7557397959	Apathetic	Showing little or no emotion; indifferent	1
7557397960	Ardent	Passionate; zealous; fiery	2
7557397961	Awed	Filled with reverence, dread, wonder	3
7557397962	Bellicose	Warlike; hostile; a synonym to belligerent but usually actively engaged in fighting	4
7557397963	Belligerent	Hostile; aggressive; a synonym to bellicose implying a nature inclined to fight	5
7557397964	Benevolent	Charitable, kind, generous	6
7557397965	Callous	Hardened; unfeeling; indifferent to the suffering of others	7
7557397966	Candid	Honest; open; straightforward	8
7557397967	Caustic	Harsh or corrosive; acerbic	9
7557397968	Condescending	Showing a superior, patronizing attitude	10
7557397969	Contemplative	Deeply thoughtful, reverent	11
7557397970	Contemptuous	Showing disrespectful disapproval; scornful	12
7557397971	Cynical	Skeptical of the motives of others, contemptuously distrustful, distrustful of the sincere motives of others	13
7557397972	Derisive	Mocking, Jeering. A synonym of contempt, this is the act of treating with disrespect	14
7557397973	Didactic	Instructive, inclined to teach often for a moralistic or edifying purpose	15
7557397974	Disdainful	Scornful, haughty, proud. A synonym of contempt (mental judgment), this is the feeling negative mental judgment produces	16
7557397975	Effusive	Unrestrained or profuse and emotional expression; gushy	17
7557397976	Elegiac	Mournful, expressing sorrow or lamentation	18
7557397977	Erudite	Learned or scholarly	19
7557397978	Facetious	Treating serious issues with deliberately inappropriate humor; a synonym of flippant but taken as more light, less disrespectful	20
7557397979	Fanciful	Imaginative, whimsical	21
7557397980	Flippant	Disrespectfully casual, frivolous. A synonym of facetious, but with more negative, dismissive, disrespectful	22
7557397981	Foreboding	Marked by a sense of impending evil, ominous	23
7557397982	Histrionic	Overly dramatic, affected and behavior or speech	24
7557397983	Incredulous	Expressing disbelief, skeptical	25
7557397984	Indignant	Expressing anger at unjust actions or treatment, expressing offense	26
7557397985	Inflammatory	Arousing strong emotion, especially anger, intending to provoke	27
7557397986	Irreverent	Lacking respect or veneration for what is generally revered or accepted	28
7557397987	Jaded	Unenthusiastic or apathetic, usually as a result of repetition or disappointment, weary	29
7557397988	Jovial	Jolly, good-humored	30
7557397989	Laudatory	Expressing praise or admiration	31
7557397990	Lugubrious	Exaggerated mournful or gloomy, forlorn, miserable	32
7557397991	Malicious	Intending to harm, showing malice	33
7557397992	Maudlin	Foolishly or tearfully sentimental	34

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AP Literature Terms Flashcards

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7388365972	antihero	a protagonist who has the opposite of most of the traditional attributes of a hero	0
7388374113	allegory	a narration or description usually restricted to a single meaning because its events, actions, characters, settings, and objects represent specific abstractions or ideas	1
7388384802	character	a person presented in a dramatic or narrative work, the process by which a writer makes that character seem real to the reader	2
7388384803	conflict	struggle within the plot between opposing forces	3
7388384804	canon	works generally considered b scholars, critics, and teachers to be the most important to read and study, which collectively constitute the "masterpieces" of literature	4
7388387408	climax	the moment of greatest emotional tension in a narrative, usually marking a turning point in the plot at which the rising action reverses to become the falling action	5
7388389905	consistency	constantly adhering to the same principles, course, form	6
7388415256	denouement (resolution)	the conclusion of a plot's conflict and complications	7
7388415257	direct characterization	occurs when the author specifically reveals traits about the character in a straightforward manner	8
7388417533	indirect characterization	the process by which the writer shows the character's personality through speech, actions and appearance	9
7388417534	character motivation	when the reader or audience is offered reasons for how the characters behave, what they say, and the decisions they make	10
7388422777	dynamic character	undergoes some kind of change because of the action in the plot	11
7388446213	exposition	a narrative device, often used at the beginning of a work, that provides necessary background information about the characters and their circumstances	12
7388453608	external conflict	character, society, nature, or other outside aspects that struggle against one another throughout the plot	13
7388464130	formula fiction	follows a pattern of conventional reader expectations	14
7388466698	flat character	embodies one or two qualities, ideas, or traits that can be readily described in a brief summary	15
7388469871	falling action	characterized by diminishing tensions and the resolution of the plot's conflicts and complications	16
7388480060	foil	character in a work whose behavior and values contrast with those of another character in order to highlight the distinctive temperament of that character	17
7388480061	in medias res	describes the common strategy of beginning a story in the middle of the action	18
7388492413	flashback	narrated scene that marks a break in the narrative in order to inform the reader or audience member about events that took place before the opening scene of a work	19
7388502705	first person narrator	I in the story presents the point of view of only one character	20
7388507361	editorial omniscience	refers to an intrusion by the narrator in order to evaluate a character for a reader	21
7388510287	neutral omniscience	narration that allows the characters' actions and thoughts to speak for themselves	22
7388514921	limited omniscience	occurs when an author restricts a narrator to the single perspective of either a major or minor character	23
7388519616	unreliable narrator	reveals an interpretation of events that is somehow different from the author's own interpretation of those events	24
7388524395	naive narrators	usually characterized by youthful innocence	25
7388530668	narrator	voice of the person telling the story, not to be confused with the author's voice	26
7388537389	omniscient narrator	all knowing who is not a character in the story and who can move from place to place and pass back and forth through time, slipping into and out of characters as no human being possibly could in real life	27
7388550572	point of view	refers to who tells us a story and how it is told	28
7388555039	plausibility	action by a character in a story that seems reasonable, given the motivations presented	29
7388561369	stock character	characters that embody stereotypes; become types rather than individuals	30
7388564478	static character	does not change throughout the work, and the reader's knowledge of that character doesn't grow	31
7388568879	round character	more complex than flat or stock characters and often display the inconsistencies and internal conflicts found in most real people	32
7388575935	plot	an author's selection and arrangement of incidents in a story to shape the action and shape the story a particular focus	33
7388584647	rising action	in which complication creates some sort of conflict for the protagonist	34
7388589752	setting	the physical and social context in which the action of a story occurs	35
7388595060	theme	the central meaning or dominant idea in a literary work	36
7388597797	symbol	person, object, image, word, or event that evokes a range of additional meaning beyond and usually more abstract than its literal significance	37
7388602340	conventional symbol	have meanings that are widely recognized by society and culture	38
7388605426	literary symbol	setting, character, action, object, name, or anything else in a work that maintains its literal significance while suggesting other meanings	39
7388613179	internal conflict	internal aspects that struggle throughout the plot	40
7388618817	stream-of-consciousness	takes a reader inside a character's mind to reveal perceptions, thoughts, and feelings on a conscious or unconscious level	41
7388627270	byronic hero	they're typically rebellious, arrogant, anti-social or in exile, and darkly, enticingly romantic	42
7388632315	Romantic	place their primary focus on the relationship and romantic love between two people, and must have an "emotionally satisfying and optimistic ending."	43
7388636345	Victorian	genre that defined to a large extent by the historical era rather than any other characteristic.	44
7388636346	Realism	genre consisting of stories that could have actually occurred to people or animals in a believable setting; these stories resemble real life, and fictional characters within these stories react similarly to real people	45
7388638942	Minimalism	colloquially refers to anything that is spare or stripped to its essentials	46
7388638943	Postmodernism	1950's on writing that is skeptical of beliefs, situations, anything most people would consider a given; breaks things down and rearranges them; bricolage	47
7388643181	Gothic	an English genre of fiction popular in the 18th to early 19th centuries, characterized by an atmosphere of mystery and horror and having a pseudomedieval setting.	48
7388643182	interpretative literature	helps us to understand deeper questions of life, death, hate, sorrow, and all of the other many basic elements of human existence	49

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AP Literature Vocab #3 Flashcards

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7517073701	avocation	An activity pursued for pleasure; a hobby	0
7517073702	capricious	Changing one's mind quickly and often	1
7517073703	disparity	inequality; difference	2
7517073704	Efficacy	the ability to produce a desired or intended result	3
7517073705	Epistle	a letter	4
7517073706	Hospice	a home providing care for the sick, especially the terminally ill	5
7517073707	Impetus	a moving force, impulse, stimulus	6
7517073708	Moribund	about to die or end	7
7517073709	Reticent	Reserved	8
7517073710	Vacillate	alternate or waver between different opinions or actions; being indecisive	9

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AP English Language: Terms Flashcards

Personification The assigning of human qualities to inanimate objects or concepts. An example: Wordsworth's "the sea that bares her bosom to the moon."
Antithesis the presentation of two contrasting images. The ideas are balanced by phrase, clause, or paragraphs. "To be or not to be . . ." "It was the best of times; it was the worst of times . . ." "Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country . . ."
Oxymoron From the Greek for "pointedly foolish," ___ is a figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms. Simple examples include "jumbo shrimp" and "cruel kindness."
Sarcasm from the Greek meaning "to tear flesh," ___ involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something. It may use irony as a device.
Synecdoche . a figure of speech that utilizes a part as representative of the whole. "All hands on deck" is an example.
Hyperbole a figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement
Anaphora repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row. This is a deliberate form of repetition and helps make the writer's point more coherent.
Euphony the pleasant, mellifluous presentation of sounds in a literary work.
Theme The central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life. Usually, __ is unstated in fictional works, but in nonfiction, the __ may be directly stated, especially in expository or argumentative writing.
Metonomy a term from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name" __ is a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it.

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6676789682	Personification	The assigning of human qualities to inanimate objects or concepts. An example: Wordsworth's "the sea that bares her bosom to the moon."	0
6676789683	Antithesis	the presentation of two contrasting images. The ideas are balanced by phrase, clause, or paragraphs. "To be or not to be . . ." "It was the best of times; it was the worst of times . . ." "Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country . . ."	1
6676789684	Oxymoron	From the Greek for "pointedly foolish," ___ is a figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms. Simple examples include "jumbo shrimp" and "cruel kindness."	2
6676789685	Sarcasm	from the Greek meaning "to tear flesh," ___ involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something. It may use irony as a device.	3
6676789686	Synecdoche	. a figure of speech that utilizes a part as representative of the whole. "All hands on deck" is an example.	4
6676789687	Hyperbole	a figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement	5
6676789688	Anaphora	repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row. This is a deliberate form of repetition and helps make the writer's point more coherent.	6
6676789689	Euphony	the pleasant, mellifluous presentation of sounds in a literary work.	7
6676789690	Theme	The central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life. Usually, __ is unstated in fictional works, but in nonfiction, the __ may be directly stated, especially in expository or argumentative writing.	8
6676789691	Metonomy	a term from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name" __ is a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. For example: a news release that claims "The White House declared" rather than "The President declared"	9
6676789692	Paradox	A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity.	10
6676789693	Transition	a word or phrase that links one idea to the next and carries the reader from sentence to sentence, paragraph to paragraph.	11
6676789694	Onomatopoeia	a figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words. Simple examples include such words as buzz, hiss, hum.	12
6676789695	Cacophony	harsh and discordant sounds in a line or passage in a literary word.	13
6676789696	Metaphor	a direct comparison between dissimilar things. "Your eyes are stars" is an example.	14
6676789697	Symbol	generally, anything that represents, stands for, something else. Usually, a ___ is something concrete—such as an object, action, character, or scene—that represents something more abstract.	15
6676789698	Begging the Question	Often called circular reasoning, __ occurs when the believability of the evidence depends on the believability of the claim.	16
6676789699	Invective	an emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.	17
6676789700	Understatement	the opposite of exaggeration. It is a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended.	18
6676789701	Either-or reasoning	When the writer reduces an argument or issue to two polar opposites and ignores any alternatives.	19
6676789702	Homily	This term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.	20
6676789703	Pedantic	An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish.	21
6676789704	Causal Relationship	In __, a writer asserts that one thing results from another. To show how one thing produces or brings about another is often relevant in establishing a logical argument.	22
6676789705	Equivocation	When a writer uses the same term in two different senses in an argument.	23
6676789706	Imagery	The sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions. On a physical level, __ uses terms related to the five senses; we refer to visual, auditory, tactile, gustatory, or olfactory. For example, a rose may present visual __ while also representing the color in a woman's cheeks.	24
6676789707	Euphemism	a more acceptable and usually more pleasant way of saying something that might be inappropriate or uncomfortable. "He went to his final reward" is a common __ for "he died." They are also used to obscure the reality of the situation.	25
6676789708	Figure of Speech	A device used to produce figurative language. Many compare dissimilar things. Examples are apostrophe, hyperbole, irony, metaphor, metonomy, oxymoron, paradox, personification, simile, synecdoche, and understatement.	26
6676789709	Irony	The contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant. The difference between what appears to be and what actually is true.	27
6676789710	Satire	A work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and convention for reform or ridicule. Regardless of whether or not the work aims to reform humans or their society, ___ is best seen as a style of writing rather than a purpose for writing. The effect of __, often humorous, is thought provoking and insightful about the human condition.	28
6676789711	Alliteration	The repetition of initial consonant sounds, such as "Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers."	29
6676789712	Epigraph	The use of a quotation at the beginning of a work that hints at its theme. Hemingway begins The Sun Also Rises with two. One of them is "You are all a lost generation" by Gertrude Stein.	30
6676789713	Periodic Sentence	A sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. The independent clause is preceded by a phrase or clause that cannot stand alone. The effect is to add emphasis and structural variety.	31
6676789714	Narrative	The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events.	32
6676789715	Ethos	an appeal based on the character of the speaker. An __-driven document relies on the reputation of the author.	33
6676789716	Situational Irony	a type of irony in which events turn out the opposite of what was expected.	34
6676789717	Consonance	Repetition of a consonant sound within two or more words in close proximity.	35
6676789718	Pathos	an appeal based on emotion.	36
6676789719	Syllogism	From the Greek for "reckoning together," a __ is a deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion.	37
6676789720	Logos	an appeal based on logic or reason	38
6676789721	Verbal Irony	In this type of irony, the words literally state the opposite of the writer's true meaning	39
6676789722	Anecdote	A story or brief episode told by the writer or a character to illustrate a point.	40
6676789723	Abstract Language	Language describing ideas and qualities rather than observable or specific things, people, or places.	41
6676789724	Ad Hominem	In an argument, this is an attack on the person rather than on the opponent's ideas. It comes from the Latin meaning "against the man."	42
6676789725	Denotation	the literal or dictionary meaning of a word	43
6676789726	Cumulative	Sentence which begins with the main idea and then expands on that idea with a series of details or other particulars	44
6676789727	Dramatic Irony	In this type of irony, facts or events are unknown to a character in a play or a piece of fiction but known to the reader, audience, or other characters in the work	45
6676789728	Parody	A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.	46
6676789729	Connotation	the interpretive level or a word based on its associated images rather than its literal meaning.	47
6676789730	Repetition	The duplication, either exact or approximate, or any element of language, such as sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern.	48
6676789731	Syntax	The grammatical structure of prose and poetry.	49
6676789732	Assonance	Repetition of a vowel sound within two or more words in close proximity	50
6676789733	Voice	can refer to two different areas of writing. One refers to the relationship between a sentence's subject and verb (active and passive). The second refers to the total "sound" of the writer's style.	51
6676789734	Infer	To draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented.	52
6676789735	Argument	A single assertion or a series of assertions presented and defended by the writer	53
6676789736	Allusion	A reference contained in a work	54
6676789737	Genre	The major category into which a literary work fits. The basic divisions of literature are prose, poetry, and drama.	55
6676789738	Stream-of-consciousness	This is a narrative technique that places the reader in the mind and thought process of the narrator, no matter how random and spontaneous that may be.	56
6676789739	Allegory	A work that functions on a symbolic level	57
6676789740	Explication	The act of interpreting or discovering the meaning of a text. __ usually involves close reading and special attention to figurative language.	58
6676789741	Parallelism	refers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity.	59
6676789742	Semantics	The branch of linguistics that studies that meaning of words, their historical and psychological development, their connotations, and their relation to one another.	60
6676789743	Rhetorical Modes	The flexible term describes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing.	61
6676789744	Analogy	a literary device employed to serve as a basis for comparison. It is assumed that what applies to the parallel situation also applies to the original circumstance. In other words, it is the comparison between two different items.	62
6676789745	Figurative Language	Writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid.	63
6676789746	Example	an individual instance taken to be representative of a general pattern	64
6676789747	Description	The purpose of this rhetorical mode is to re-create, invent, or visually present a person, place, event, or action so that the reader can picture that being described. Sometimes an author engages all five senses.	65
6676789748	Narrative Device	This term describes the tools of the storyteller, such as ordering events to that they build to climatic movement or withholding information until a crucial or appropriate moment when revealing in creates a desired effect.	66
6676789749	Ethical Appeal	When a writer tries to persuade the audience to respect and believe him or her based on a presentation of image of self through the text.	67
6676789750	Exposition	The purpose of this rhetorical mode is to explain and analyze information by presenting an idea, relevant evidence, and appropriate discussion.	68
6676789751	Attitude	the relationship an author has toward his or her subject, and/or his or her audience	69
6676789752	Backing	Support or evidence for a claim in an argument	70
6676789753	Ellipsis	Indicated by a series of three periods, the __ indicates that some material has been omitted from a given text.	71
6676789754	Argumentation	The purpose of this rhetorical mode is to prove the validity of an idea, or point of view, by presenting sound reasoning, discussion, and argument that thoroughly convince the reader.	72
6676789755	Didactic	writing whose purpose is to instruct or to teach. A ___ work is usually formal and focuses on moral or ethical concerns.	73
6676789756	Ambiguity	an event or situation that may be interpreted in more than one way.	74
6676789757	Narration	The purpose of this type of rhetorical mode is to tell the story or narrate an event or series of events.	75
6676789758	Rhetoric	from the Greek for "orator," this term describes the principle governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively.	76
6676789759	Third Person Limited Omniscient	This type of point of view presents the feelings and thoughts of only one character, presenting only the actions of all remaining characters	77
6676789760	Third Person Omniscient	In ___, the narrator, with a godlike knowledge, presents the thoughts and actions of any or all characters.	78
6676789761	Comic Relief	the inclusion of a humorous character or scene to contrast with the tragic elements of a work, thereby intensifying the next tragic event.	79
6676789762	Character	those who carry out the action of the plot in literature. Major, minor, static, and dynamic are the types.	80
6676789763	Colloquial	the use of slang in writing, often to create local color and to provide an informal tone. Huckleberry Finn in written in a __ style.	81
6676789764	Antecedent	the word, phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers.	82
6676789765	Style	an evaluation of the sum of the choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other literary devices.	83
6676789766	Thesis	The sentence or group of sentences that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or proposition.	84
6676789767	Authority	Arguments that draw on recognized experts or persons with highly relevant experience.	85
6676789768	Chiasmus	Arrangement of repeated thoughts in the pattern of X Y Y X. It is often short and summarizes a main idea.	86
6676789769	Deconstruction	a critical approach that debunks single definitions of meaning based on the instability of language. It "is not a dismantling of a structure of a text, but a demonstration that it has already dismantled itself."	87
6676789770	Balance	a situation in which all parts of the presentation are equal, whether in sentences or paragraphs or sections of a longer work.	88
6676789771	Conflict	a clash between opposing forces in a literary work, such as man vs. man; man vs. nature; man vs. God; man vs. self	89
6676789772	Tone	Similar to mood, __ describes the author's attitude toward his or her material, the audience, or both.	90
6676789773	Prose	One of the major divisions of genre, ___ refers to fiction and nonfiction, including all its forms, because they are written in ordinary language and most closely resemble everyday speech.	91
6676789774	Dialect	the recreation of regional spoken language, such as a Southern one. Hurston uses this in Their Eyes Were Watching God.	92
6676789775	Asyndeton	Commas used (with no conjunction) to separate a series of words. The parts are emphasized equally when the conjunction is omitted; in addition, the use of commas with no intervening conjunction speeds up the flow of the sentence. X, Y, Z as opposed to X, Y, and Z.	93
6676789776	Wit	In modern usage, intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights. Usually uses terse language that makes a pointed statement.	94
6676789777	Point of View	In literature, the perspective from which a story is told.	95
6676789778	Deduction	The process of moving from a general rule to a specific example.	96
6676789779	Annotation	explanatory notes added to a text to explain, cite sources, or give bibliographical data.	97
6676789780	Mood	This term has two distinct technical meanings in English writing. The first meaning is grammatical and deals with verbal units and a speaker's attitude. The second meaning is literary, meaning the prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work.	98
6676789781	Diction	the author's choice of words that creates tone, attitude, and style, as well as meaning	99

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AP Literature Vocabulary Flashcards

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4719689631	Aberration	(N) Departure from what is normal, usual or expected	0
4719690562	Abeyance	(N) State of temporary disuse or suspension (Not active)	1
4719692311	Abortive	(ADJ) Failing to produce the intended result	2
4719692649	Accolade	(N) An award or privilege granted as a special honor or acknowledgement of merit; kudos	3
4719696264	Accoutrements	(N) Additional items of dress or equipment	4
4719696265	Acerbity	(N) Sourness, with roughness of taste; harshness or severity	5
4719698623	Acumen	(N) Ability to make good judgements & quick decisions, in a particular domain	6
4719698624	Ad hoc	(ADJ) Formed, arranged or done for a particular purpose only	7
4719698829	Adjudicate	(V) Formal judgement or decision about a problem or disputed matter	8
4719698830	Adjunct	(N) A thing added to something else as a supplementary rather than an essential part (ADJ) Connected or added to something typically in an auxiliary way	9
4719699031	Adumbrate	(V) Report or represent in outline	10
4719699032	Aegis	(N) Protection, backing, or support of a particular person or organization	11
4719699339	Affinity	(N) Natural liking for someone or something	12
4719699340	Aficionado	(N) Person who is very knowledgeable and enthusiastic about an activity	13
4719700012	Ambivalent	(ADJ) Having mixed feelings	14
4719700013	Anachronism	(N) Old fashioned item that is appropriate to another time period	15
4719700270	Ancillary	(ADJ) Providing necessary support to primary activities, or an organization; an addition	16
4719700271	Apposite	(ADJ) Apt in the circumstances or in relation to something	17
4719700583	Apocryphal	(ADJ) Story or statement of doubtful authenticity, although its circulated as being true	18
4719700584	Apogee	(N) Highest part	19
4719701081	Apostate	(N) A person who renounces religious or political belief or principle	20
4719701082	Apotheosis	(N) The highest point in the development of something; culmination or climax	21
4719701452	Apprise	(V) Inform or tell (Someone)	22
4719701453	Apropos	(ADJ) Very appropriate to a particular situation (ADV) In addition	23
4719701742	Ascetic	(N) A person who practices severe self- discipline and abstention	24
4719701743	Attrition	(N) Action or process of gradually reducing the strength or effectiveness or someone or something through attack or pressure	25
4719702131	Augur	(N) religious official who observed signs, especially the behavior of birds interpreting these as an indication of divine approval or disapproval of a proposed action (V) Portend a good or bad outcome	26
4719733476	Bane	(N) Cause of great distress or annoyance	27
4719733477	Bathos	(N) Appearance of a silly idea or event in a book (In a serious tone)	28
4719733773	Bauble	(N) small, showy trinket or decoration	29
4719733774	Beatitude	(N) State or happiness	30
4719733990	Beguile	(V) Charm or enchant (Someone) sometimes in a deceptive way	31
4719734365	Beleaguer	(V) Lay siege to	32
4719734366	Bellwether	(N) Leader; first in line	33
4719734649	Bête noire	(N) Person or thing that one particularly dislikes	34
4719734655	Bibulous	(ADJ) Excessively fond of drinking alcohol	35
4719735113	Bicker	(V) Argue about petty and trivial matters	36
4719735390	Bilious	(ADJ) Spiteful; bad tempered	37
4719735391	Bilk	(V) Obtain or withhold money from (someone) by deceit or without justification; cheat or defraud	38
4719736003	Bode	(V) Be an omen of a particular outcome; indicated by signs	39
4719736004	Bowdlerize	(V.T) Remove material that is offensive or improper	40
4719737021	Bravado	(N) A bold manner or a show of boldness intended to impress or intimidate	41
4719737022	Bromide	(N) Trite & unoriginal idea or remark typically intended to soothe or placate Or a sedative	42
4719738317	Browbeat	(V.T) Intimidate, typically into doing something	43
4719738318	Bruit	(V) Spread (a report or rumor) widely	44
4719738631	Burgeon	(V) Begin to grow or increase rapidly. flourish	45
4719765476	Cantankerous	(ADJ) Bad tempered, argumentative, and uncooperative	46
4719768387	Carte blanche	(N) Complete freedom	47
4719768776	Casuistry	(N) Use of clever but unsound reasoning; sophistry	48
4719770891	Cataclysm	(N) A large scale and violent event in the natural world	49
4719773782	Caterwaul	(N) A shrill howling or wailing noise (V) To make a shrill howling or wailing noise	50
4719775971	Charisma	(N) Compelling attractiveness or charm that can inspire devotion in others; divinely conferred power or talent	51
4719777698	Chauvinist	(N) A person displaying aggressive or exaggerated patriotism (ADJ) Showing or relating to excessive loyalty or support for a particular group or cause	52
4719777699	Chimerical	(ADJ) Unreal; imaginary	53
4719777869	Chronic	(ADJ) Of an illness, persisting for a long time or constantly reoccurring	54
4719780739	Claque	(N) A group of people hired to applaud (or heckle) a performer or public speaker	55
4719780901	Coalesce	(V.I) Come together and from one mass or whole	56
4719782161	Cognate	(N) Blood Relative (ADJ) Having the original word or root; connected or related	57
4719783323	Commensurate	(ADJ) Corresponding in size or degree; in proportion	58
4719783832	Complement	(N) A thing that completes or brings to perfection (V) add to (something) in a way to enhance or improve it	59
4719784034	Condescend	(V.I) Show feelings or superiority; be patronizing	60
4719784870	Consensus	(N) General agreement	61
4719788654	Constrict	(V.T) Make narrower, especially encircling pressure	62
4719789083	Contretemps	(N) Unexpected and unfortunate occurrence	63
4719789275	Contumacious	(ADJ) Especially of a defendant's behavior, stubbornly or willfully disobedient to authority	64
4719791785	Contumelious	(ADJ) Scornful and insulting; insolent	65
4719793709	Convolution	(N) Coil or twist	66
4719794730	Corollary	(N) Conclusion; results for what someone's proved	67
4719795443	Cozen	(V.T) Trick or deceive	68
4719796950	Cul-de-sac	(N) A street or passage closed at one end	69
4719797062	Cull	(V.T) Select from a large quantity; obtain from a variety of sources	70
4719797063	Curmudgeon	(N) A bad tempered or surly person	71
4719882558	Dank	(ADJ) Disagreeably damp, musty, and typically cold	72
4719882559	De facto	(ADJ) In fact of, existing	73
4719883007	Debauch	(N) Excessive indulgence in sensual pleasures, especially eating and drinking	74
4719883008	Debilitate	(V) Make (someone) weak & infirm; hider, delay, or weaken	75
4719883280	Depredation	(N) act or attacking or plundering	76
4719885664	Deracinate	(V) Tear (something) up by the roots	77
4719886098	Derring- do	(N) Action word displaying heroic courage	78
4719886252	Diaphanous	(ADJ) Light, delicate, and translucent	79
4719886885	Dichotomy	(N) Division o contrast b/w two things that are or are represented as being opposed or entirely different	80
4719886886	Dictum	(N) Formal pronouncement from a authoritative source, short statement that expresses a general truth	81
4719887176	Didactic	(ADJ) Intended to teach, particularly in having moal instruction as an ulterior motive	82
4719887177	Disingenuous	(ADJ) Not candid or sincere, typically by pretending that one knows less about something that one really does	83
4719887295	Disparate	(ADJ) Essentially different in kind, not allowing comparison	84
4719887892	Disparity	(N) A great difference	85
4719887893	Dissimulate	(V) Conceal or disguise (one's thoughts, feelings, or character)	86
4719890148	Divination	(N) Seeking knowledge of the future or the unknown by supernatural means	87
4719891158	Dogmatic	(ADJ) Inclined to lay down principles as incontrovertibly true	88
4719892834	Eclat	(N) Brilliant display or effect	89
4719892835	Ecumenical	(ADJ) Representing a number of different christian churches; universal	90
4719894341	Effete	(ADJ) lacking energy	91
4719894518	Effusive	(ADJ) Expressing feelings of gratitude pleasure, or approval in a unrestrained or heartfelt manner	92
4719894627	Eleemosynary	(ADJ) OF, or relating to, or dependent on charity; charitable	93
4719896651	Elixir	(N) A magical or medical potion	94
4719897009	Emolument	(N) A salary; fee or profit from employment or office	95
4719897708	Empathy	(N) Ability to understand and share feelings	96
4719897882	Empirical	(ADJ) Based on observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic	97
4719897883	Enclave	(N) Territory within or surrounded by a larger territory	98
4719900751	Ensconce	(V) Establish or settle (someone) in a comfortable, safe, and secret place	99
4719900752	Euphoria	(N) State or feeling of intense excitement and happiness	100
4719900961	Exculpate	(V.T) Show or declare that (someone) is not guilty or wrongdoing	101
4719901233	Execrable	(ADJ) Extremely bad or unpleasant	102
4719901234	Expound	(V.I) Present & explain (theory or idea) systematically & in detail	103
4719907292	Factionalism	(N) Self interested; Partisan	104
4719907293	Fait accompli	(N) A thing that has already happened or been decided before those affected hear about it	105
4719907731	Fastidious	(ADJ) Very attentive to or concerned about accuracy and detail	106
4719907732	Faux pas	(N) An embarrassing or tactless act or remark in a social situation	107
4719907907	Fervid	(ADJ) Intensely enthusiastic or passionate, especially to an excessive degree	108
4719907909	Fetid	(ADJ) Smelling extremely unpleasant	109
4719908038	Flamboyant	(ADJ) A person or their behavior tending to attract attention b/c of their exuberance, confidence, and stylish	110
4719908039	Folderol	(N) nonsense	111
4719908321	Foray	(N) Sudden attack or raid (V) Make or go o a foray	112
4719908420	Forte	(N) A thing at which someone excels	113
4719908421	Fulminate	(VT/V.I) Express vehement protest	114
4719908740	Fulsome	(ADJ) Complimentary or flattering to an excessive degree	115
4719908741	Fustian	(N) Pompous or pretentious speech or writing	116
4719918005	Gambol	(V) Run or jump about playfully	117
4719918006	Gamut	(N) Complete range or scope	118
4719918431	Gargantuan	(ADJ) Enormous	119
4719918432	Genre	(N) Category of some type	120
4719918641	Gothic	(ADJ) Architecture style of the 12th-16th centuries characterized by arches, rib vaults, and flying butteresses and large windows	121
4719918928	Gratis	(ADJ) Given or done for nothing (ADV) Free; without charge	122
4719922128	Harbinger	(N) Person that announces or signals the approach of another	123
4719922252	Hauteur	(N) Haughtiness of manner; disdainful pride	124
4719922253	Hedonism	(N) Pursuit of pleasure; sensual self-indulgence	125
4719922350	Heyday	(N) Period of a person's or thing's greatest success, popularity, or vigor	126
4719922351	Hidebound	(ADJ) Unwilling or unable to change b/c of tradition or convention	127
4719922593	Hierarchy	(N) Arrangement or classification of things according to relative importance or inclusiveness	128
4719922594	Hoi polloi	(N) Common people	129
4719922756	Homily	(N) Religious discourse that is intended primarily for spiritual edification; sermon (usually has a moral)	130
4719926643	Icon	(N) Person or thing regarded to as a representative symbol of something	131
4719926760	Iconoclastic	(ADJ) Characterized by attack on cherished beliefs or institutions	132
4719926761	Imbue	(V) Inspire or permeate with a feeling or quality	133
4719926847	Immaculate	(ADJ) of a person or their clothes, perfectly clean, neat or tidy, perfect	134
4719926983	Immolate	(V) Kill or offer as a sacrifice, especially by burning	135
4719926984	Immure	(V.I) Enclose or confine against their will	136
4719927096	Impasse	(N) Situation in which no progress is possible, especially because of disagreement; a deadlock	137
4719927239	Imperceptible	(ADJ) Impossible to perceive	138
4719927454	impinge	(V) Have an effect or impact, especially a negative one, encroach	139
4719931869	Imprecation	(N) A spoken curse (curse word)	140
4719931937	In medias res	(ADV) Into the middle of a narrative	141
4719931938	Inchoate	(ADJ) Just begun and so not fully formed or developed; rudimentary	142
4719932161	Incubus	(N) A nightmare	143
4719932162	Indigenous	(ADJ) Originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native	144
4719932376	Ineffable	(ADJ) Too great or extreme to be expressed or described in words	145
4719937031	Infrastructure	(N) Basic organized structures	146
4719937186	Ineluctable	(ADJ) Unable to be resisted or avoided; inescapable	147
4719937187	Inhibit	(V.T) Hinder, restrain, or prevent; Make someone self-conscious and unable to act in a relaxed and natural way	148
4719937320	Insouciant	(ADJ) showing a casual lack of concern; indifferent	149
4719937460	Internecine	(ADJ) Destructive to both sides in a conflict	150
4719937461	Interstice	(N) Intervening space, especially a very small one	151
4719937573	Inveigle	(V) Persuade (someone) to do something be means of deception of flattery	152
4719940056	Jeremiad	(N) A long, mournful complaint or lamentation; a list of woes	153
4719940900	Kudos	(N) Praise and honor received for an achievement	154
4719941596	Labyrinth	(N) Complicated irregular network of passages or paths in which it is difficult to find one's way; a maze	155
4719941722	Lachrymose	(ADJ) Tearful or given to weeping; inducing tears, sad	156
4719942780	Lackey	(N) Servant, especially a liveried footman or manservant	157
4719944003	Lackluster	(ADJ) Lacking in vitality force, or conviction; uninspired or uninspiring	158
4719944004	Lagniappe	(N) Something given as a bonus or extra gift	159
4719944454	Lampoon	(N) A speech or text criticizing someone or something in this way (V) Publicly criticize by using ridicule, irony, or sarcasm	160
4719945541	Lexicon	(N) Vocabulary of a person	161
4719945789	Liaison	(N) Communication or cooperation that facilitates a close working relationship b/w people or an organization	162
4720346749	Licentious	(ADJ) Promiscuous and unprincipled in sexual matters	163
4720346937	Liturgy	(N) A form of formulary, according to which public religious worship, especially christian worship, is conducted	164
4720347777	Lucubration	(N) Study or thought	165
4720349775	Lugubrious	(ADJ) Looking or sounding sad and dismal	166
4720351259	Macrocosm	(N) Whole of a complex structure	167
4720351611	Maladroit	(ADJ) Ineffective or bungling; clumsy	168
4720356324	Malcontent	(ADJ) Dissatisfied and complaining or making trouble	169
4720356325	Malleable	(ADJ) Able to be hammered or pressed permanently out or shaped without breaking	170
4720357697	Matrix	(N) Mold in which something forms	171
4720358852	Maudlin	(ADJ) Self pityingly or tearfully sentimental often through drunkenness	172
4720359034	Melee	(N) Confused fight, skirmish, or scuffle	173
4720359268	Mellifluous	(ADJ) Sweet or musical; pleasant to hear	174
4720359269	Mercurial	(ADJ) of a person, subject to unpredictable changes of mood or mind	175
4720361646	Metamorphosis	(N) in an insect, the process of transformation from an immature to an adult	176
4720373915	Mete	(V.I) Dispense or allot justice, a punishment or harsh treatment	177
4720374274	Microcosm	(N) A miniature community or place	178
4720374518	Minuscule	(ADJ) Extremely tiny	179
4720375053	Mirage	(N) Optical illusion; something that appears to be real or possible but is not in fact so	180
4720375307	Mnemonic	(ADJ) Aiding or designed to aid the memory	181
4720375601	Modulate	(V) Exert modifying or controlling influence on	182
4720375877	Monolithic	(ADJ) Formed from one thing	183
4720375878	Morass	(N) An area or muddy or boggy ground, a complicated or confused situation	184
4720388916	Mot juste	(N) Exact, appropriate word	185
4720388919	Mountebank	(N) A person who deceives others, especially to trick them out of their money	186
4720389124	Mystique	(N) A fascinating aura of mystery awe and power surrounding someone or something	187
4720393061	Narcissism	(N) Excessive or erotic interest in oneself and one's physical appearance	188
4720393062	Nemesis	(N) a long standing rival	189
4720393309	Nepotism	(N) Practice among those with power or influence; especially by giving them jobs	190
4720393310	NIggardly	(ADJ) Not generous; stingy	191
4720394833	Nihilism	(N) Reject all religious and moral principles, often in the belief that life is meaningless	192
4720394834	Noisome	(ADJ) Having an extremely offensive smell	193
4720396100	Non sequitur	(N) Conclusion or statement that does not logically follow from the previous argument or statement	194
4720396541	Noxious	(ADJ) Harmful, poisonous, or very unpleasant	195
4720407185	Obfuscate	(V) Render obscure, unclear, or unintelligible. Bewilder	196
4720407374	Oblivious	(ADJ) Not aware or not concerned about what is happening around one	197
4720407375	Obloquy	(N) Strong public criticism or verbal abuse	198
4720407684	Obsequies	(N) Funeral rites	199
4720407862	Opportunist	(N) Person who exploits circumstances to gain immediate advantage rather than being guided by consistent principles or plans	200
4720407863	Opt	(V) Making a choice from a range of possibilities	201
4720658666	Paean	(N) Song of praise or triumph	202
4720658667	Palliate	(V.T) Make (a disease or its symptoms) less severe or unpleasant w/o removing the cause	203
4720658668	Panache	(N) Flamboyant confidence or style/manner	204
4720658934	Pander	(N) Pimp (V) Gratify or indulge	205
4720658935	Parameter	(N) Measure that limits boundaries	206
4720659231	Parlous	(ADJ) Full of danger and uncertainty; precarious	207
4720659232	Pastiche	(N) An artistic work in a style that imitates that of another work, artist, or period; like a mixture	208
4720659533	Paternalism	(N) Position of authority restricting freedom & responsibilities of others	209
4720659534	Patrician	(N) An aristocrat or nobleman	210
4720659811	Peccadillo	(N) Small unimportant offense or sin	211
4720659812	Persiflage	(N) Light and slightly contemptuous mockery or banter	212
4720660172	Persona	(N) Aspect of someone's character that is presented to or perceived	213
4720660890	Philippic	(N) Bitter attack or denouncement	214
4720675518	Philistine	(ADJ) Hostile or indifferent to culture and the arts	215
4720676076	picaresque	(ADJ) Style of fiction dealing with adventures of a rough and dishonest but appealing hero	216
4720676422	Piece de resistance	(N) Most important or remarkable feature	217
4720676647	Plethora	(N) Large or excessive amount of something	218
4720676944	Polarize	(V) Split up into opposite groups	219
4720677332	Polemic	(N) Strong verbal or written attack on someone or something	220
4720677665	Poltroon	(N) An utter coward	221
4720677817	Populous	(ADJ) Having a large population; densely populated	222
4720678851	Portentous	(ADJ) Done in a pompously or overly solemn manner so as to impress; a sign or warning	223
4720679367	Pragmatic	(ADJ) Dealing with things sensibly or realistically; practical	224
4720679637	precarious	(ADJ) Dependent on chance; uncertain or dangerous	225
4720679996	Prescience	(N) Fact or knowing something before it takes place; foreknowledge	226
4720680779	Probity	(N) Quality of having strong moral principles; honesty & decency	227
4720691504	Prolix	(ADJ) of speech or writing, using or containing too many words; tediously long	228
4720691505	Propitiate	(V.T) Win or regain the favor of (a god, spirit, or person) by doing something that pleases them	229
4720691815	Proselyte	(N) Person who has converted from one opinion, religion, or party to another	230
4720691816	Protege	(N) A person who is guided and supported by an older and more experienced or influenced person	231
4720692006	Protocol	(N) Official procedure or system of rules governing affairs of state or diplomatic occasions	232
4720693680	Prototype	(N) A first, or preliminary model of something	233
4720693986	Prurient	(ADJ) Having or encouraging an excessive interest in sexual matters	234
4720693991	Punctilio	(N) A fine or petty point of conduct or procedure	235
4720694344	Pundit	(N) Expert in particular subject who is called on to give opinions in public	236
4720694679	Purview	(N) Scope of the influence or concerns of something	237
4720704975	Quagmire	(N) Soft boggy area of land that gives way underfoot; an awkward complex, or hazardous situation	238
4720708095	Quasi-	(ADJ) Seemingly; apparently but not really; partly or almost	239
4720709645	Quid pro quo	(N) Favor or advantage granted or expected in return for something	240
4720711935	Quixotic	(ADJ) Exceedingly idealistic; unrealistic and impractical	241
4720711936	Quizzical	(ADJ) Indicating mild or amused puzzlement	242
4720712221	Queasy	(ADJ) Nauseated; feeling sick	243
4720713709	Raconteur	(N) A person who tells anecdotes in a skillful and amusing way	244
4720715649	Raillery	(N) Good-humored teasing	245
4720716696	Rapacity	(N) Aggressive greed	246
4720717142	Rapport	(N) relation; connection, especially harmonious or sympathetic relation	247
4720718487	Refractory	(ADJ) Stubborn or unmanageable; resistant	248
4720719750	remand	(V) Place a defendant on bail or in custody again	249
4720720182	Repartee	(N) Conversation or speech characterized by quick, witty comments or replies	250
4720721006	Resplendent	(ADJ) Attractive and impressive through being richly colorful or sumptuous	251
4720721007	Ribald	(ADJ) Referring to sexual matters in an amusingly rude way; irrelevant	252
4720721008	Risible	(ADJ) Provokes laughter	253
4720729016	Sacrosanct	(ADJ) Regarded to as important or valuable (holy)	254
4720729307	Salubrious	(ADJ) Health giving; healthy	255
4720729519	Sanguine	(ADJ) Optimistic; blood-red	256
4720729822	Saturnalian	(ADJ) Unrestrained revelry; orgy	257
4720938518	Savoir-faire	(N) Ability to act or speak appropriately in social situations	258
4720938519	Schism	(N) Division between strongly opposed sections or parties, caused by differences in opinion and belief	259
4720938715	Sic	(ADV) To show a quote and that it is not spelled incorrectly	260
4720938716	Sine qua non	(N) Essential condition; a thing that is absolutely necessary	261
4720938858	Solecism	(N) grammatical mistake	262
4720938859	Stigmatize	(V.T) Describe or regard as worthy or disagree or great disapproval	263
4720939086	Sub rosa	(ADV) Happening or done in secret	264
4720939242	Sublimate	(V.T) Divert or modify (as instinctual impulse) into a culturally higher or socially more acceptable activity	265
4720939243	Supervene	(V.I) Occur later than a specified or implied event or action, typically to change the situation	266
4720939373	Supine	(ADJ) Lying face upward	267
4720945136	Sycophant	(N) Person who acts obsequiously toward someone important in order to gain advantages	268
4720945137	Symptomatic	(ADJ) Serving as a sign	269
4720945277	Syndrome	(N) Group of symptoms	270
4720945449	Systemic	(ADJ) Relating to a system, especially as opposed to a particular part	271
4720947090	Tautology	(N) Saying the same thing twice in different words, generally considered to be a fault of style	272
4720947091	Tendentious	(ADJ) Expressing or intending to promote a particular cause or point of view	273
4720947293	Therapeutic	(ADJ) Of or relating to the healing of a disease	274
4720947424	Touchstone	(N) Standard or criterion by which something is judged or recognized	275
4720947425	Traumatic	(ADJ) Emotionally disturbing or distressing	276
4720947537	Truckle	(V) To act in a subservient	277
4720947538	Truncate	(V.T) Shorten (something) by cutting the top or end	278
4720951189	Unconscionable	(ADJ) Not right or reasonable; unreasonably excessive	279
4720951366	Unimpeachable	(ADJ) Not able to be doubted, questioned, or criticized; entirely trustworthy	280
4720951687	Utilitarian	(ADJ) Designed to be useful or practical rather than attractive	281
4721075681	Vacuous	(ADJ) Having or showing a lack of thought or intelligence; mindless	282
4721075682	Vagary	(N) Unexpected and inexplicable change in a situation or in someone's behavior	283
4721075853	Vainglory	(N) Inordinate pride in oneself or one's achievements; excessive vanity	284
4721076343	Vassal	(N/AdJ) Servant	285
4721076344	Vendetta	(N) Blood feud in a family of a murdered person seeks vengeance of the murderer or the murderer's family	286
4721078181	Verisimilitude	(N) appearance or being true or real	287
4721087659	Vestige	(N) Trace of something that is disappearing or no longer exists	288
4721087660	Viable	(ADJ) Capable of working successfully; feasible	289
4721094658	Vicissitude	(N) Change	290
4721094659	Vignette	(N) Brief evocative description, account, or episode.	291
4721094753	Virtuoso	(N) Person highly skilled in music or another artistic pursuit (ADJ) Brilliant performance	292
4721094754	Vitiate	(V) Spoil or impair the quality or efficiency of	293
4721094888	Volition	(N) Act of willing choosing or resolving; exercise or willing	294
4721094889	Volte-face	(N) To change mind completely	295
4721099336	Waggish	(ADJ) Humorous in a playful, mischievous way	296
4721101610	Xenophobia	(N) Intense or irrational dislike or fear of people from other countries	297
4721102320	Zany	(ADJ) Amusingly unconventional & idiosyncratic (foolish, and clownish)	298
4721102321	Zealot	(N) Person who is fanatical & uncompromising in pursuit of their religious, political, or other ideals	299

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Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life Flashcards

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7564352350	organic compound	a compound containing carbon	0
7564352351	macromolecules	carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids	1
7564352352	hydrocarbons	nonpolar organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen petroleum and gasoline -release large amount of energy	2
7564352353	chemical groups	hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, sulfhydryl, phosphate, methyl contribute to function primarily by affecting the molecule's shape and give it specific properties	3
7564352354	hydroxyl group	compound name: Alcohol (-ol) example: Ethanol	4
7564352355	carbonyl	compound name: Ketone (if the carbonyl group is within a carbon skeleton) Aldehyde (if the carbonyl group is at the end of a carbon skeleton) examples: Acetone (Ketone) Propanal (Aldehyde)	5
7564352356	carboxyl group	ionized at normal cellular pH compound name: Carboxylic acid or Organic acid example: Acetic acid	6
7564352357	amino group	ionized at normal cellular pH compound name: Amine example: Glycine	7
7564352358	sulfhydryl group	hydrophilic and thus increase the solubility of organic compounds (it is attached to) in water compound name: Thiol example: Cysteine	8
7564352359	phosphate group	compound name: Organic phosphate example: glycerol phosphate	9
7564352360	methyl group	not chemically reactive but instead often serves as a recognizable tag on biological molecules compound name: Methylated compound example: 5-Methylcystosine	10
7564352361	functional groups	hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate the chemical groups that affect molecular function by being directly involved in chemical reactions	11
7564352362	adenosine triphosphate (ATP)	an organic molecule called adenosine attached to a string of three phosphate groups	12
7564352363	adenosine diphosphate (ADP)	an organic molecule called adenosine attached to a string of two phosphate groups (ATP losing one phosphate group as a result of a reaction with water)	13
7564352364	polymer	a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds (carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids) A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.	14
7564352365	monomers	the smaller molecules that are the repeating units that serve as building blocks of a polymer; in addition to forming polymers, some have functions of their own A chemical subunit that serves as a building block of a polymer.	15
7564352366	enzymes	specialized macromolecules (usually proteins) that speed up chemical reactions (make and break down of polymers) in a cell	16
7564352367	dehydration reaction	synthesizing a polymer/polymerization: a water molecule is removed/lost and a new bond is formed between monomers (covalent bonds between two monomer molecules) one monomer provides a hydroxyl group (--OH) while the other provides a hydrogen (--H) this reaction is repeated as monomers are added to the chain one by one, making a polymer	17
7564352368	hydrolysis	polymers are disassembled to monomers/the reverse of a dehydration reaction the bond between monomers is broken by the addition of a water molecule with a hydrogen from water attaching to one monomer and the hydroxyl group attaching to the other monomer	18
7564352369	carbohydrates	includes both sugars and polymers of sugars and serve as fuel and building material (sugars vary in the location of their carbonyl groups on a hydrocarbon/carbon skeleton)	19
7564352370	monosaccharides	simple sugar CH2O monomer most common form is glucose carbonyl and hydroxyl groups ring structure nutrients glucose, fructose, galactose	20
7564352371	disaccharide	two monosaccharides joined together sucrose (fructose+glucose) lactose maltose A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.	21
7564352372	glycosidic linkage	a covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction	22
7564352373	polysaccharide	macromolecule; polymers with a few hundred to a few thousand monosaccharides joined together by glycosidic linkages serve as storage material, building material, protection structure and function is determined by its sugar monomers and by the positions of glycosidic linkages	23
7564352374	storage polysaccharides	plants store starch (a polymer of glucose monomers/fuel=stored energy/later released by hydrolysis) *animals including humans have enzymes that can break down starch and obtain glucose/energy/nutrients/fuel animals (humans) store glycogen (a polymer of glucose monomers that is more complex; stored in liver and muscle cells) hydrolysis of glycogen releases glucose when the demand for sugar increases, this stored fuel cannot maintain an animal (human) for long (short/quick/easily burned fuel)	24
7564352375	alpha structure		25
7564352376	beta structure		26
7564352377	structural polysaccharides	strong materials built by organisms cellulose (major component of the tough walls that enclose plant cells) mircofibrils few organisms such as cows (not humans) have enzymes in the stomach that can break down cellulose into glucose monomers (prokaryotes) and then convert glucose chitin - the carbohydrate used by arthropods (insects, spiders, crustaceans, etc.) to build their exoskeletons also found in fungi cell walls (similar to cellulose except has a nitrogen component attached to glucose monomer)	27
7564352378	lipids	hydrophobic large biological molecules that are not big enough (or contain enough polymers) to be considered macromolecules the hydrophobic behavior is based on the molecules structure (consists mostly of hydrocarbon regions) fats, phospholipids, steroids	28
7564352379	fat	energy storage/resevior of fuel constructed from two smaller molecules: glycerol and fatty acids glycerol is an alcohol (hydroxyl group) fatty acid has a long carbon skeleton (16-18 carbon atoms) the carbon at the end of the skeleton is part of a carboxyl group (acid part of the name) the rest of the skeleton consists of a nonpolar hydrocarbon chain (C-H) triglycerol: in making a fat, three fatty acid molecules are each joined to glycerol by an ester linkage	29
7564352380	ester linkage	a bond between a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group	30
7564352381	saturated fatty acid	if there are no double bonds between carbon atoms composing a chain, then as many hydrogen atoms as possible are bonded to the carbon skeleton, such a structure is said to be saturated with hydrogen SOLID state	31
7564352382	unsaturated fatty acid	has one or more double bonds with one fewer hydrogen atom on each double-bonded carbon; unsaturated with hydrogen nearly every double bond in naturally occurring fatty acids is a cis double bond which creates a kink in the hydrocarbon chain wherever it occurs LIQUID state	32
7564352383	phospholipid	similar to a fat molecule but has only two fatty acids attached to glycerol rather than three; the third hydroxyl group of glycerol is joined to a phosphate group the hydrocarbon tail is hydrophobic and the attached phosphate group form a hydrophilic head that has an affinity for water	33
7564352384	bilayers	when phospholipids are added to water they self assemble into double layered structures forms a boundary between the cell and its external environment; the existence of cells depends on the properties of phospholipids	34
7564352385	steroids	lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings Lipids that act as chemical messengers	35
7564352386	cholesterol	a crucial steroid in animals; major component of animal cell membranes and is also the precursor from which other steroids are synthesized (estrogen and testosterone). Made in the liver	36
7564352387	proteins functions	enzymes, defense, storage, transport, cellular communication, movement, structural support	37
7564352388	catalysts	chemical agents that selectively speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the reaction (enzymatic proteins act as these to regulate metabolism)	38
7564352389	peptide bond	the bond between amino acids; dehydration reaction The chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid	39
7564352390	polypeptide	A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.	40
7564352391	protein	a biologically functional molecule made up of one or more polypeptides folded and coiled into a specific three dimensional structure	41
7564352392	protein function + structure	The final protein structure is dependent upon the amino acids that compose it. Protein function is directly related to the structure of that protein. A protein's specific shape determines its function. If the three-dimensional structure of the protein is altered because of a change in the structure of the amino acids, the protein becomes denatured and does not perform its function as expected.	42
7564352393	denaturation	A process in which a protein unravels, losing its specific structure and hence function; can be caused by changes in pH or salt concentration or by high temperature. Also refers to the separation of the two strands of the DNA double helix, caused by similar factors.	43
7564352394	amino acid	an organic molecule with both an amino group and a carboxyl group; at the center of this molecule is a carbon atom called the alpha carbon: its four different partners are an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable group symbolized as R R=side chain	44
7564352395	primary structure of a protein	linear sequence of amino acids	45
7564352396	secondary structure of a protein	the coils and folds of segments of polypeptide chains as the result of hydrogen bonds between the repeating constituents of the polypeptide backbone coil = alpha (a) helix fold = beta (b) pleated sheet regions stabilized by hydrogen bonds between atoms of the polypeptide backbone	46
7564352397	alpha helix	A spiral shape constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins, arising from a specific hydrogen-bonding structure.	47
7564352398	beta pleated sheet	One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth, or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.	48
7564352399	tertiary structure of a protein	the overall shape of a polypeptide resulting from interactions between the side chains (R groups) of the various amino acids three-dimensional shape stabilized by interactions between side chains	49
7564352400	hydrophobic interaction	as a polypeptide folds into its functional shape, side chain amino acids with hydrophobic (nonpolar) side chains usually end up in clusters at the core of the protein. Van der waals interactions occur between these regions to reinforce the structure	50
7564352401	disulfide bridges	covalent bonds that form where two cysteine monomers which have sulfhydryl groups on their side chains are brought close together by the folding of the protein Strong covalent bonds between the sulfhydryl groups of two cysteine monomers, reinforce the proteins structure	51
7564352402	quaternary structure of a protein	the overall protein structure that results from the aggregation of these polypeptide subunits association of two or more polypeptides (some proteins only)	52
7564352403	nucleic acids	store, transmit, express hereditary information polymers of monomers called nucleotides	53
7564352404	gene	inheritance unit that programs amino acid sequence of polypeptide	54
7564352405	deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)	provides directions for its own replication directs RNA synthesis and through RNA controls protein synthesis (gene expression) nucleus	55
7564352406	ribonucleic acid (RNA)	enable living organisms to reproduce their complex components from one generation to the next mRNA - messenger RNA	56
7564352407	gene expression	DNA ---> RNA ---> protein The process in which a nucleotide sequence of a gene is used to make a functional product such as protein or RNA.	57
7564352408	ribosomes	sites of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm	58
7564352409	polynucleotides	allow nucleic acids to exist as macromolecules Nucleic acids are polymers called _______________.	59
7564352410	nucleotides	composed of three parts: a nitrogenous base, five-carbon sugar (pentose) and one to three phosphate groups nucleoside=portion of the monomer without phosphate group -monomers of nucleic acids	60
7564352411	pyrimidine	cytosine (C) thymine (T) only found in DNA uracil (U) only found in RNA a nitrogenous base that has a single-ring structure; one of the two general categories of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; thymine, cytosine, or uracil	61
7564352412	purine	adenine (A) guanine (G) double-ring nitrogenous base	62
7564352413	deoxyribose	sugar in DNA; lacks an oxygen atom	63
7564352414	ribose	sugar in RNA	64
7564352415	double helix	The form of native DNA, referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.	65
7564352416	antiparallel	the two sugar phosphate backbones run in opposite directions from each other like a divided highway	66
7564352417	phosphodiester linkage	covalent bonds between phosphate group and carbon sugar rings that join together a polynucleotide. One at 5' end and 3' end	67

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AP Language Set 1 Flashcards

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7185545443	facticous	causing disagreement	0
7185545444	Ignoble (adj)	dishonorable; shameful	1
7185545445	boor	a rude or impolite person	2
7185545446	aegis	a shield; protection	3
7185545447	perspicacity	keenness of judgement	4
7185545448	fervent	eager; earnest	5
7185545449	rectify	to make right	6
7185545450	enervate	to weaken	7
7185545451	besiege	to surround and attack	8
7185545452	ephemeral	short lived; brief	9
7185545453	altruism	a concern for others; generocity	10
7185545454	carrion	decaying flesh	11
7185545455	erotic	of sexual nature	12
7185545456	amporphus	shapeless, formless; vauge	13
7185545457	opulent	rich, luxurious; wealthy	14

3418744038	Ad Hominem argument	a writer's claim is answered by irrelevant attacks on his character	0
3879379935	Anaphora	Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of a sentence	1
3879384842	Analogy	An extended comparison between something unfamiliar and something more familiar for the purpose of dramatizing the unfamiliar	2
3879388175	Anecdote	A brief story used to make a point	3
3879389305	Antecedent	A noun, often a proper noun, replaced by a pronoun (He replaces Sam)	4
3879394716	Antithesis	The contrast of ideas	5
3879397588	Aphorism *	A short saying expressing a general truth	6
3879400133	Apostrophe	A digression in the form of an address to someone that is not present, or to a personified object or idea	7
3879405172	Appeals	Examples: patriotic, money, safety, bandwagon, authority, God/religion	8
3879408206	Argument	The use of evidence and reason to discover some version of the truth	9
3879409289	Assertion	See claim	10
3879409841	Audience	The person(s) to whom a written or spoken work is directed	11
3879411556	Bandwagon appeal	a course of action is recommended on the grounds that everyone else is following it	12
3879416540	Begging the question	a claim is based on the very grounds that are in doubt or dispute	13
3879417843	Casual argument	An argument that seeks to explain the effect(s) of a cause or the cause(s) of an effect	14
3879423348	Characterize/ Characterization	To describe or portray the character of a person, idea, etc. in a certain light	15
3879425565	Claim	a controversial statement that asserts a belief or truth	16
3879427550	Cliche	A familiar word or phrase which has been used so much that it is no longer a good, effective way of saying something, as in "sharp as a tack" or "fresh as a daisy"	17
3879436680	Colloquial/ colloquialism	The use of slang or informalities in speech or writing Ex: Wanna	18
3879439446	Connotation	The associations that surround most words and extend beyond their literal meaning, CREATING EFFECTS OF ASSOCIATION. Ex: slender and skinny	19
3879444406	Context	The entire situation in which a piece of writing takes place, including the writer's purpose for writing, intended audience, time, place, and influences	20
3879445248	Counterargument	An opposing argument	21
3879445249	Deductive reasoning	A process of thought in which general principles are applied to particular cases	22
3879446277	Definition, argument of	An argument in which the claim specifies that something does or doesn't meet the conditions or features set forth in a definition	23
3879446278	Denotation	dictionary definition of a word	24
3879446279	Diction	The author's word choice	25
3879446815	Dogmatism	a claim is supported on the grounds that it's the only conclusion acceptable within a given community	26
3879449095	Either-or choice	Given two solutions in an issue, but one solution is the obvious choice	27
3879452306	Empirical	information acquired by observation or experimentation	28
3879452942	Enthymeme	A statement that links a claim to a supporting reason	29
3879453346	Equivocation	a lie is given the appearance of truth	30
3879455741	Ethos, appeal based on	An attempt by the writer or speaker to prove themselves a credible authority on the subject to the reader or listener in order to convince an audience to accept a claim	31
3879458513	Euphemism	Replacing a non harsh word or phrase with a harsh one "to pass away" "to die"	32
3879463643	Evaluation argument of	the claim specifies that something does or doesn't meet established criteria	33
3879466308	Exhortation	language intended to persuade	34
3879468981	Expose	To publicly expose or discredit something or someone	35
3879472897	Extended metaphor	A metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work	36
3879472898	Fact, argument of	the claim can be proved or disproved with specific evidence	37
3879477139	Fallacy of argument	A flaw in the structure of an argument that renders its conclusion invalid	38
3879477140	Faulty analogy	a comparison between two objects or concepts is inaccurate	39
3879478300	Faulty causality	making the unwarranted assumption that because one event follows another, the first event causes the other	40
3879478667	Figurative language	Writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning	41
3879478668	Hasty generalization	an interference is drawn from insufficient data	42
3879479444	Hyperbole	an exaggeration	43
3879479445	Imagery	Descriptive writing appealing to one of the five senses	44
3879523712	Inductive reasoning	A process of thought in which particular cases lead to general principles	45
3879524455	Inference/infer *Note for AP exam	To draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented	46
3879527592	Invective	Speech that may be directed toward an individual, cause, idea or system that attacks or denounces it	47
3879529963	Inversion	A reversal in order Ex: verb before subject	48
3879531647	Irony	Use of language that suggests a meaning opposite of the literal meaning of the words	49
3879533227	Jargon *	1) The language, especially the vocabulary, specific to a particular trade, profession, or group. 2) Language characterized by uncommon or pretentious vocabulary, often vague in meaning.	50
3879534033	Juxtaposition/ juxtapose *	To place close together or side by side, especially for comparison or contrast	51
3879534568	Logos, appeal to	Logical appeal. A strategy in which a writer uses facts, evidence, and reason to make audience members accept a claim	52
3879534569	Metaphor	A figure of speech that makes a comparison without using like or as	53
3879534969	Mood	The prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work. Setting, tone, and events can affect the mood	54
3879538525	Narrative	The telling of a story	55
3879538990	Non sequitur	claims, reasons, or warrants fail to connect logically	56
3879540360	Objective	Not influenced by personal feelings or prejudice; based on facts, unbiased	57
3879540361	Oxymoron	A paradox make up of two seemingly contradictory words ex: peaceful revolution	58
3879540922	Paradox	A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity.	59
3879540923	Parallelism	Figure of balance identified by a similarity in the syntactical structure of a set of words in successive phrases, clauses, sentences	60
3879547605	Pathos, appeal to	Emotional appeal. A strategy in which a writer tries to generate specific emotions, such as envy, fear, anger, or pity, in an audience to influence it to accept a claim	61
3879548177	Personal Essay	A subcategory of the essay, characterized by intimacy, the "personal element," humor, graceful style, rambling structure, unconventionality or novelty of theme, and incomplete treatment of topic	62
3879548178	Personification	A form of figurative language in which an idea or object is given human characteristics	63
3879548486	Premise	A statement or position regarded as true and upon which other claims are based	64
3879548487	Propaganda	An argument advancing a point of view without regard to reason, fairness, or truth	65
3879549376	Purpose	The goal of an argument. Purposes include entertaining, informing, convincing, exploring, and deciding, among others.	66
3879549704	Qualitative argument	An argument of evaluation that relies on non numeric criteria supported by reason, tradition, precedent, or logic	67
3879549705	Quantitative argument	An argument of evaluation that relies on criteria that can be measured, counted, or demonstrated objectively	68
3879550273	Rebuttal	An answer that challenges or refutes a specific claim or charge	69
3879550274	Red herring	a writer abruptly changes the topic in order to distract readers from potentially objectionable claims	70
3879550275	Repetition	The repeating of a word or phrase to add rhythm or to emphasize an idea	71
3879550619	Rhetoric	The art of persuasion	72
3879551039	Rhetorical analysis	how well the components of an argument work together to persuade or move an audience	73
3879551477	Rhetorical question	A question posed to raise an issue or create an effect rather than to get a response	74
3879551909	Satire	A work that targets human wrongdoings and foolishness or social institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule. Making fun	75
3879552190	Scare tactic	presenting an issue in terms of exaggerated threats or dangers	76
3879552732	Sentimental appeal	A fallacy of argument in which an appeal is based on excessive emotion	77
3879552733	Simile	A comparison using like or as	78
3879553707	Slippery slope	exaggerating the possibility that a relatively inconsequential action or choice today will have serious negative consequences in the future	79
3879553708	Stacking the deck	the writer shows only once side of an argument	80
3879554028	Straw man	A fallacy of argument in which an opponent's position is misrepresented as being more extreme than it actually is, so that it's easier to refute. Opponent of an argument argument is more extreme	81
3879554029	Style	An evaluation of the sum of the choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other literary devices.	82
3879554030	Subjective	Based on one's thoughts, opinions, feelings, moods.	83
3879554343	Syntax *	The way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences. Similar to diction, but syntax is a group of words.	84
3879554344	Thesis	A sentence that concisely states a writer's main point	85
3879554345	Tone	The narrator's attitude towards the material, the audience, or both. Ex: positive, negative, personal, impersonal etc.	86
3879554657	Understatement	A figure of speech that makes a weaker statement than a situation seems to call for. It can lead to powerful or humorous effects.	87
3879555106	Values, appeal to	A strategy in which a writer invokes shared principles and traditions of a society as a reason for accepting a claim	88
3879555107	Warrant	The statement that establishes the logical connection between a claim and its supporting reason	89

7271659986	Interloper	(V.) A person who meddles or interferes in the affairs of others. Origin: Inter-In midst of Lop-To make er-person having characteristics of	0
7271674891	Obfuscate	(V.) Make unclear, obscure, or unintelligible. Origin: Ob-"Against: "To" Ate-Possessing	1
7271683917	Vicarious	(Adj.) Received in place of another; enjoyed through imagination. Origin: Vic-Substituting Ari-Connected with Ous-full of	2
7271694016	Motif	(N.) Recurring subject, theme, idea, etc. Origin: Middle French	3
7271701636	Hubris	(N.) Excessive pride or self confidence. Origin: Greek, "Hybris" Meaning insolence	4
7271709284	Allocation	(N.) The action of distributing something. Origin: Al- House of Loca-Separate Tion-An action or process	5
7271709285	Ascetic	(N.) A person who lives a simple life, practices extreme self denial or self mortification for religious reasons. Origin: Ascet-Hard work, rigorous Ic-Having characteristics of	6
7271711182	Beguile	(V.) To mislead, influence through trickery, flattery, etc. Origin: Be-To surround completely Guile-Crafty or artful deception	7
7271711183	Crass	(Adj.) Lacking refinement, delicacy, or sensitivity. Origin: Latin, "Crassus" meaning thick, dense, fat, heavy	8
7271711184	Enjoin	(V.) Instruct or urge someone to do something . Origin: En-Bring upon Join-Connect	9

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