| 6875948969 | What happened on Jan 5th 1066 | Edward the Confessor died | | 0 |
| 6875948970 | What date was Harold Godwinson crowned King of England | 6th Jan 1066 |  | 1 |
| 6875948971 | What omen was seen in the skies in England in April 1066? | For two weeks Halley's Comet flew though the sky |  | 2 |
| 6875948972 | What happened on Sept. 18th 1066? | Harald Hardrada & Tostig attacked York |  | 3 |
| 6875948973 | What happened on Sept. 25th 1066 | Harold King of England defeated Harald Hardrada at the battle of Stamford Bridge | | 4 |
| 6875948974 | Where did William's ships land when they arrived in England? | Pevensey Bay | | 5 |
| 6875948975 | What date was the Battle of Hastings? | Oct. 14th 1066 | | 6 |
| 6875948976 | When was William crowned King of England? | Dec. 25th 1066 | | 7 |
| 6875948977 | How long is the Bayeux Tapestry? | 70m long | | 8 |
| 6875948978 | How many panels does the Bayeux Tapestry have? | 200 | | 9 |
| 6875948979 | Who made the Bayeux Tapestry? | English Nuns (Sown) | | 10 |
| 6875948980 | What does the Bayeux Tapestry show? | Shows from the Norman point of view: Williams conquest of England |  | 11 |
| 6875948981 | How many miles did the Saxon soldiers walk to get to York? | They walked 190 miles to get to York | | 12 |
| 6875948982 | What did the Normans use that were like Medieval tanks? | The Normans used Calvary | | 13 |
| 6875948983 | What type of soldiers did the Saxons have? | The Saxons only had foot-soldiers | | 14 |
| 6875948984 | What powerful weapon did the Normans have/use in the Battle of Hastings that the Saxons had never seen before? | The Normans hired mercenaries that used crossbows | | 15 |
| 6875948985 | What did Harold's defeat change? | Harold's defeat changed their culture and language | | 16 |
| 6875948986 | Who was Edward the Confessor's nearest blood relative? | Edgar the Atheling (a Saxon prince and nephew of Edward, was a sickly fourteen year old boy). | | 17 |
| 6875948987 | When was the Bayeux Tapestry embroided? | 1070 | | 18 |
| 6875948988 | Who ordered the making of the Bayeux Tapestry? | William's half-brother Odo ( Bishop of Bayeux) | | 19 |
| 6875948989 | What language is written on the Bayeux Tapestry? | Latin | | 20 |
| 6875948990 | What was the Norman army made up of? | 6000 strong
Archers
Cavalry
Foot soldiers
(many were professional mercenaries) | | 21 |
| 6875948991 | What was the Saxon army made up of? | 6000 strong
Housecarls (professional soldiers with battle-axes)
Fyrd (armed with spears and sometimes swords)
Housecarls were highly trained - Fyrd were ordinary men, unpaid with little or no training | | 22 |
| 6875948992 | What key decision did Harold, King of England have to take in Sept 1066, after the Battle of Stamford Bridge? | Whether to march North and defend England against Hardrada or remain in place and wait for William to defend the south of England - he decided to march North. William had not been able to set sail as the wind was against him. | | 23 |
| 6875948993 | Whose army did Hardrada defeat on 20th Sept? | Earls Edwin and Morcar | | 24 |
| 6875948994 | Where was the battle on 20th Sept 1066? | Fulford | | 25 |
| 6875948995 | How many Norwegians landed with Harald Hardrada and Tostig? | over 8,000 Norwegians | | 26 |
| 6875948996 | How many miles did Harold, King of England have to march North to face Hardrada and Tostig? | 187 miles (They marched 37 - 45 miles a day, going as fast as they could and carrying their heavy kit with them) | | 27 |
| 6875948997 | How did Hardrada's army know the English were coming? | They saw a big cloud of dust | | 28 |
| 6875948998 | What was Hardrada's army doing when the English arrived? | Relaxing in meadows waiting for the citizens of York to deliver food and hostages - It was a hot day and most had discarded their mail shirts and helmets in the hot sun | | 29 |
| 6875948999 | What advantage did Harold's army have over Haralds? | They were fresher (even though they had been marching they had not just fought a battle) and they had their armour on | | 30 |
| 6875949000 | How did Harald organise his troops? | Harald left 2 thirds of his troops with their armour and ships 9 miles away - formed a shieldwall in the shape of a triangle, to present a narrow front | | 31 |
| 6875949001 | What prevented initially prevented the English approaching the enemy at the Battle of Stamford bridge? | A single viking held the bridge alone until he was stabbed from beneath the planks of the bridge with a long spear. | | 32 |
| 6875949002 | Describe the battle of Stamford Bridge in 5 sentences | 1) A desperate delaying action by the Viking outposts kept the Saxons from crossing the Derwent while the main army frantically donned their gear and took up position.
2) One viking held the bridge alone until he was stabbed from beneath the planks of the bridge with a long spear.
3) The Vikings formed a shield wall in the shape of a triangle, to present a narrow front.
4) The Saxons battered at the wall in a fierce hand to hand fight that lasted all day, before the legendary Harald Hardrada was felled by a Saxon missile.
5) Earl Tostig tried vainly to rally the demoralized men, but the Norse resistance crumbled and the battle became a rout.
The Vikings fled, to be pursued all the way back to their fleet at Riccall. Only 24 ships out of an initial 200 or more made the return to Norway. | | 33 |
| 6875949003 | when did the Norman's arrive? | 28th September 1066 | | 34 |
| 6875949004 | What was the first thing the Normans did when they arrived? | Built a Motte and Bailey castle using materials they brought with them | | 35 |
| 6875949005 | Why do you think the Normans' built a Motte and Bailey Castle? | So if they lost the battle they would have somewhere to retreat to, instead of being pushed back out to sea | | 36 |
| 6875949006 | What else did William's men do when they arrived? | Swept through countryside, seizing food, plundering and burning | | 37 |
| 6875949007 | What was the key reason that William got his men to sweep through the countryside causing havoc? | To encourage Harold to come back and fight quickly even though they were still tired from fighting the Battle of Stamford bridge | | 38 |
| 6875949008 | What were Harolds' problems and what did he decide to do one he had defeated Hardrada | Harolds forces were tired as they had just fought a battle and up north, 300 miles away, but he still decided to march south | | 39 |
| 6875949009 | What were Harolds' concerns after the Battle of Stamford | that William of Normandy may receive reinforcements | | 40 |
| 6875949010 | Describe the Battle of Hastings | Harold took up a defensive position on Senlac Hill.
He formed a shield wall half a mile long and several ranks deep.
To stiffen his poorer Fyrd, he put house curls along the line.
Williams army were gathered in the valley below and suffered from devastating volleys of stone missiles hurled into them by the Saxon "fyrd".
William himself led the centre of the Norman army, and it is said that he carried into battle some of the holy relics upon which Harold had sworn to cede the crown to him.
The Norman infantry made no dent in the Saxon lines, and the cavalry fared no better.
But when some of the Norman horsemen turned and fled, a large group of Saxons left their position to chase them.
It was a fatal mistake, as William rallied his men and routed the unprotected attackers.
The Saxon lines quickly closed, but they had not learned their lesson, and they repeated the same folly of chasing an apparently fleeing enemy twice more as the day wore on.
By late afternoon the Saxon lines were wavering under continued Norman attacks.
Harold was killed (legend says by an arrow in the eye, but there are differing accounts). | | 41 |
| 6875949011 | Who had a problem a few months before Edward the Confessor died, because he had no heir? | The Witan, the council of important men of England | | 42 |
| 6875949012 | Who were the greatest holders of land under the King and the most important churchmen who made up the Witan? | Earls and Bishops | | 43 |
| 6875949013 | What did Harold swear an oath over when he said he would support Williams' right to the English throne? | Norman's holiest relics | | 44 |
| 6875949014 | What evidence do we have of Harald Hardrada's motives in invading England? | An anonymous collection of sagas about the kings of Scandinavia | | 45 |
| 6875949015 | Who were the most powerful men in Normandy because of the land they held? | Barons | | 46 |
| 6875949016 | The Christian Church was seen as very important in the middle ages. It was thought that Jesus had entrusted his followers to Peter, one of his disciples. Peter was seen as the first leader of the Christian Church. What were his successors known as? | Popes | | 47 |
| 6875949017 | What did you call a bank of soldiers standing close together and a number of ranks deep to present a solid wall to the enemy? | Shieldwall | | 48 |
| 6875949018 | At the Battle of Hastings, William had arranged his army into 3 main sections. Archers in the front, followed by foot soldiers, followed by the men on horseback. What were this men called and what were they collectively called? | Knights, cavalry | | 49 |
| 6875949019 | What was the name of Harold Godwinson's advanced troops | Housecarls | | 50 |
| 6875949020 | What was the name of Harold Godwinson's Farmer troop | Fyrds | | 51 |
