| 6985155807 | Alliteration | The repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables.
E.g.: Fred's friends fried Fritos for Friday's food. | | 0 |
| 6985156938 | Allusion | An indirect reference, often to another text or an historic event.
E.g.: "She acted like a scrooge" (Charles Dickens: A Christmas Carol). | | 1 |
| 6985159867 | Analogy | An extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things.
E.g.: "Life is like a box of chocolates - you never know what you're gonna get!" | | 2 |
| 6985161234 | Anaphora | The repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses.
E.g.: "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness..." | | 3 |
| 6985162396 | Anecdote | A short account of an interesting event.
E.g.: A grandfather tells his grandchildren a story of his childhood. | | 4 |
| 6985163577 | Annotation | Explanatory or critical notes added to a text.*
*Definition of annotation. | | 5 |
| 6985164344 | Antecedent | The noun to which a later pronoun refers.
E.g.: When children are happy, they clap to express their pleasure. | | 6 |
| 6985165326 | Antimetabole | The repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast.
E.g.: "Eat to live, not live to eat" // "If you fail to plan, you plan to fail" | | 7 |
| 6985166897 | Antithesis | Parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas.
E.g.: Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice. | | 8 |
| 6985167356 | Aphorism | A short, astute statement of a general truth.
E.g.: The simplest questions are the hardest to answer. | | 9 |
| 6985167729 | Appositive | A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun.
E.g.: The insect, a cockroach, is crawling across the kitchen table. | | 10 |
| 6985168512 | Archaic diction | The use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language.
E.g.: Shakespeare: hath, thy, thou. | | 11 |
| 6985168513 | Argument | A statement put forth and supported by evidence. | | 12 |
| 6985169057 | Aristotelian triangle | A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience (see rhetorical triangle). | | 13 |
| 6985169769 | Assertion | An emphatic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument. | | 14 |
| 6985170504 | Assumption | A belief or statement taken for granted without proof. Asyndeton: Leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses. | | 15 |
| 6985171369 | Attitude | The speaker's position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone. | | 16 |
| 6985172355 | Audience | One's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed. | | 17 |
| 6985172356 | Authority | A reliable, respected source—someone with knowledge.
E.g.: Professor/Professional in specific area. | | 18 |
| 6985173945 | Bias | Prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue. | | 19 |
| 6985174575 | Cite | Identifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source. | | 20 |
| 6985175740 | Claim | An assertion, usually supported by evidence. | | 21 |
| 6985176650 | Close reading | A careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary, and other literary and structural elements of a text. | | 22 |
| 6985177264 | Colloquial/ism | An informal or conversational use of language. | | 23 |
| 6985178816 | Common ground | Shared beliefs, values, or positions. | | 24 |
| 6985179646 | Complex sentence | A sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. | | 25 |
| 6985180349 | Concession | A reluctant acknowledgment or yielding. | | 26 |
| 6985181170 | Connotation | That which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning (see denotation). | | 27 |
| 6985181171 | Context | Words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning. | | 28 |
| 6985182297 | Coordination | Grammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordinating conjunction such as and, or but. | | 29 |
| 6985183092 | Counterargument | A challenge to a position; an opposing argument. | | 30 |
| 6985183442 | Cumulative sentence | An independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional detail. | | 31 |
| 6985183874 | Declarative sentence | A sentence that makes a statement. | | 32 |
| 6985183875 | Deduction | Reasoning from general to specific. | | 33 |
| 6985184686 | Denotation | The literal meaning of a word; its dictionary definition.
(E.g.: Aroma = smell) | | 34 |
| 6985185797 | Diction | Word choice. | | 35 |
| 6985185803 | Documentation | Bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing. | | 36 |
| 6985189063 | Elegiac | Mournful over what has passed or been lost; often used to describe tone.
E.g.: Poems: Sylvia Plath | | 37 |
| 6985189798 | Epigram | A brief witty statement.
E.g.: "I can resist everything but temptation" | | 38 |
| 6985189801 | Ethos | A Greek term referring to the character of a person; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see logos and pathos).
Credibility | | 39 |
| 6985190352 | Figurative language | The use of tropes or figures of speech; going beyond literal meaning to achieve literary effect. | | 40 |
| 6985191193 | Figure of speech | An expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning. | | 41 |
| 6985191728 | Hyperbole | Exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis. | | 42 |
| 6985192317 | Imagery | Vivid use of language that evokes a reader's senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing). | | 43 |
| 6985192777 | Imperative sentence | A sentence that requests or commands. | | 44 |
| 6985192780 | Induction | Reasoning from specific to general. | | 45 |
| 6985193397 | Inversion | A sentence in which the verb precedes the subject. | | 46 |
| 6985193403 | Irony | A contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result. | | 47 |
| 6985194172 | Juxtaposition | Placement of two things side by side for emphasis.
E.g.: God and Satan // It was the best of times, it was the worst of times... | | 48 |
| 6985194748 | Logos | A Greek term that means "word"; an appeal to logic; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see ethos and pathos) | | 49 |
| 6985194749 | Metaphor | A figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison. | | 50 |
| 6985195729 | Metonymy | Use of an aspect of something to represent the whole. | | 51 |
| 6985196232 | Occasion | An aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing. | | 52 |
| 7059361406 | Oxymoron | A figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms. | | 53 |
| 7059361407 | Paradox | A statement that seems contradictory but is actually true.
E.g.: I can resist anything but temptation / I know one thing: that I know nothing. | | 54 |
| 7059361722 | Parallelism | The repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns. | | 55 |
| 7059362037 | Parody | A piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent features of another; used for comic effect or ridicule. | | 56 |
| 7059362562 | Pathos | A Greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see ethos and logos). | | 57 |
| 7059362827 | Persona | The speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing. | | 58 |
| 7059362828 | Personification | Assigning lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects. | | 59 |
| 7059364095 | Polemic | An argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion. | | 60 |
| 7059364096 | Polysyndeton | The deliberate use of a series of conjunctions. | | 61 |
| 7059364558 | Premise | Major, minor Two parts of a syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise. | | 62 |
| 7059365609 | Propaganda | A negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information. | | 63 |
| 7059365884 | Purpose | One's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing. | | 64 |
| 7059365885 | Refute | To discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument. | | 65 |
| 7059366366 | Rhetoric | The study of effective, persuasive language use; according to Aristotle, use of the "available means of persuasion." | | 66 |
| 7059367162 | Rhetorical modes | Patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration, description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation. | | 67 |
| 7059367166 | Rhetorical question | A question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer. | | 68 |
| 7059367676 | Rhetorical triangle | A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience (see Aristotelian triangle). |  | 69 |
| 7059368627 | Satire | An ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it. | | 70 |
| 7059368628 | Scheme | A pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect. | | 71 |
| 7059369476 | Sentence patterns | The arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions—such as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex. | | 72 |
| 7059369477 | Sentence variety | Using a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect. | | 73 |
| 7059369890 | Simile | A figure of speech that uses "like" or "as" to compare two things. | | 74 |
| 7059369891 | Simple sentence | A statement containing a subject and predicate; an independent clause. | | 75 |
| 7059370171 | Source | A book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information. | | 76 |
| 7059370541 | Speaker | A term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing. | | 77 |
| 7059370542 | Straw man | A logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position; misrepresenting, then attacking an opponent's position. | | 78 |
| 7059371906 | Style | The distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech. | | 79 |
| 7059372189 | Subject | In rhetoric, the topic addressed in a piece of writing. | | 80 |
| 7059372190 | Subordinate clause | Created by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause. | | 81 |
| 7059372433 | Subordination | The dependence of one syntactical element on another in a sentence. | | 82 |
| 7059372889 | Syllogism | A form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major and minor premise (see premise; major, and minor). | | 83 |
| 7059373649 | Syntax | Sentence structure. | | 84 |
| 7059373375 | Synthesize | Combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex. | | 85 |
| 7059375295 | Thesis | The central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer. | | 86 |
| 7059375738 | Thesis statement | A statement of the central idea in a work, may be explicit or implicit. | | 87 |
| 7059375739 | Tone | The speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience. | | 88 |
| 7059376038 | Topic sentence | A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis. | | 89 |
| 7059376039 | Trope | Artful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech. | | 90 |
| 7059378426 | Understatement | Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect. | | 91 |
| 7059379110 | Voice | In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing. | | 92 |
| 7059379727 | Zeugma | A construction in which one word (usually a verb) modifies or governs—often in different, sometimes incongruent ways—two or more words in a sentence. | | 93 |
