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C Flashcards

7021527499	abstract	relating to or involving general ideas or qualities rather than specific people, objects, or actions	0
7038058048	Adage	an old and well-known saying that expresses a general truth	1
7038058049	Allegory	a story in which the characters and events are symbols that stand for ideas about human life or for a political or historical situation	2
7038059219	Alliteration	the use of words that begin with the same sound near one another	3
7038059220	Allusion	a statement that refers to something without mentioning it directly	4
7038061506	Ambiguity	something that does not have a single clear meaning	5
7038062907	Anachronism	something (such as a word, an object, or an event) that is mistakenly placed in a time where it does not belong in a story, movie, etc.	6
7038063653	Analogy	a comparison of two things based on their being alike in some way	7
7038063654	Anecdote	a short story about an interesting or funny event or occurrence	8
7038065064	Antagonist	a person who opposes another person	9
7038067165	Antithesis	the exact opposite of something or someone	10
7038114878	Aphorism	a short phrase that expresses a true or wise idea	11
7038114879	Apostrophe	the punctuation mark ʼ used to show that letters or numbers are missing	12
7038116358	Archetype	a perfect example of something	13
7038117703	Assonance	the use of words that have the same or very similar vowel sounds near one another	14
7038117704	Ballad	a kind of poem or song that tells a story	15
7038119635	Bathos	the sudden appearance of a silly idea or event in a book, movie discussion, etc., that is serious in tone	16
7038120987	Blank verse	poetry that does not rhyme but that has a regular rhythm	17
7038120988	Caesura	a break between words within a metrical foot.	18
7038122540	Canon	an accepted rule or guide about how people should behave or about how something should be done	19
7038122541	Caricature	a drawing that makes someone look funny or foolish because some part of the person's appearance is exaggerated	20
7038124028	Climax	the most exciting and important part of a story, play, or movie that occurs usually at or near the end	21
7038124029	Colloquial	used when people are speaking in an informal way	22
7038125274	Conceit	too much pride in your own worth or goodness	23
7038125275	Connotation	an idea or quality that a word makes you think about in addition to its meaning	24
7038126583	Consonance	a speech sound that is made by partly or completely stopping the flow of air breathed out from the mouth	25
7038126584	Couplet	two lines of poetry that form a unit	26
7038128900	Diction	the clearness of a person's speech	27
7038129735	Deus ex machina	a character or thing that suddenly enters the story in a novel, play, movie, etc., and solves a problem that had previously seemed impossible to solve	28
7038129736	Elegy	a sad poem or song : a poem or song that expresses sorrow for someone who is dead	29
7038131384	Ellipsis	the act of leaving out one or more words that are not necessary for a phrase to be understood	30
7038132907	Enjambment	the continuation of a sentence without a pause beyond the end of a line, couplet, or stanza	31
7038132914	Epic	a long poem that tells the story of a hero's adventures	32
7038145385	Epigram	a short and clever poem or saying	33
7038147791	Euphemism	a mild or pleasant word or phrase that is used instead of one that is unpleasant or offensive	34
7038149234	Exposition	the act of explaining something : clear explanation	35
7038150463	Fable	a short story that usually is about animals and that is intended to teach a lesson	36
7038151786	Falling action	the parts of story after the climax and before the very end	37
7038152619	Farce	a funny play or movie about ridiculous situations and events	38
7038153646	First-person narrative	is a point of view (who is telling a story)where the story is narrated by one character at a time.	39
7038153647	Flashback	a part of a story or movie that describes or shows something that happened in the past	40
7038155819	Foil	to prevent (someone) from doing something or achieving a goal	41
7039678742	Foreshadowing	to give a suggestion of (something that has not yet happened)	42
7039679213	Free verse	poetry that does not rhyme and does not have a regular rhythm	43
7039679914	Genre	a particular type or category of literature or art	44
7039680585	Hyperbole	language that describes something as better or worse than it really is	45
7039681839	Imagery	language that causes people to imagine pictures in their mind	46
7039682245	In medias res	into the middle of a narrative; without preamble.	47
7039682973	Irony	the use of words that mean the opposite of what you really think especially in order to be funny	48
7039683186	Juxtapose	to place (different things) together in order to create an interesting effect or to show how they are the same or different	49
7039684521	Litotes	ironic understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by the negative of its contrary	50
7039684525	Lyric	the words of a song	51
7039685122	Metaphor	a word or phrase for one thing that is used to refer to another thing in order to show or suggest that they are similar	52
7039685123	Meter	a device that measures and records the amount of something that has been used	53
7039687528	Metonymy	the substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant,	54
7039687529	Mood	A literary element that evokes certain feelings or vibes in readers through words and descriptions	55
7039687923	Motif	something (such as an important idea or subject) that is repeated throughout a book, story, etc.	56
7039687924	Narrator	to tell a story	57
7039688303	Ode	a poem in which a person expresses a strong feeling of love or respect for someone or something	58
7039688576	Omniscient point of view	a method of storytelling in which the narrator knows the thoughts and feelings of all of the characters in the story,	59
7039688577	Onomatopoeia	the creation of words that imitate natural sounds	60
7039689323	Oxymoron	a combination of words that have opposite or very different meanings	61
7039690107	Parable	a short story that teaches a moral or spiritual lesson	62
7039690432	Paradox	something (such as a situation) that is made up of two opposite things and that seems impossible but is actually true or possible	63
7039690433	Parody	a piece of writing, music, etc., that imitates the style of someone or something else in an amusing way	64
7039690901	Pastoral	of or relating to the countryside or to the lives of people who live in the country	65
7039690902	Pathos	a quality that causes people to feel sympathy and sadness	66
7039691220	Persona	the way you behave, talk, etc., with other people that causes them to see you as a particular kind of person	67
7039691221	Personification	a person who has a lot of a particular quality and who is the perfect example of someone who has that quality	68
7039691521	Plot	an area of land that has been measured and is considered as a unit	69
7039691522	Protagonist	the main character in a novel, play, movie, etc.	70
7039692015	Quatrain	a poem or verse that has four lines	71
7039692016	Realism	the quality of a person who understands what is real and possible in a particular situation and is able to deal with problems in an effective and practical way	72
7039692302	Refrain	to stop yourself from doing something that you want to do	73
7039692475	Rhetorical question	a question asked in order to create a dramatic effect or to make a point rather than to get an answer.	74
7039692476	Rhyme	one of two or more words or phrases that end in the same sounds	75
7039692720	Rhythm	one of two or more words or phrases that end in the same sounds	76
7039692721	Rising action	a plot is a series of relevant incidents that create suspense,	77
7039692950	Sarcasm	the use of irony to mock or convey contempt.	78
7039692951	Satire	a way of using humor to show that someone or something is foolish, weak, bad, etc.	79
7039693968	Setting	the place and conditions in which something happens or exists	80
7039693969	Shakespearean sonnet	composed of three quatrains and a terminal couplet in iambic pentameter with the rhyme pattern	81
7039694427	Simile	a phrase that uses the words like or as to describe someone or something by comparing it with someone or something else that is similar	82
7039694428	Soliloquy	a long, usually serious speech that a character in a play makes to an audience and that reveals the character's thoughts	83
7039694734	Stanza	a group of lines in a poem	84
7039694735	Stereotype	an often unfair and untrue belief that many people have about all people or things with a particular characteristic	85
7039694999	Structure	the way that something is built, arranged, or organized	86
7039695000	Style	a particular way in which something is done, created, or performed	87
7039695412	Syllogism	a formal argument in logic that is formed by two statements and a conclusion which must be true if the two statements are true	88
7039695413	Symbolism	the use of symbols to express or represent ideas or qualities in literature, art, etc.	89
7039695690	Synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa	90
7039695691	Syntax	the way in which words are put together to form phrases, clauses, or sentences	91
7039696727	Terza rima	an arrangement of triplets, especially in iambs, that rhyme	92
7039696728	Theme	Is the central topic a text treat	93
7039697175	Tone	The general character or attitude of a place, piece of writing situation etc.	94
7039697176	Tragedy	Branch of drama that treats in a serious and dignified style the sorrowful or terrible events encounter or cause by a heroic individual	95
7039697316	Voice	The form or a format through which narrators tell their stories	96

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AP Language Lesson Six Flashcards

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5556729995	elixir	a supposed remedy for all ailments	0
5556732520	elucidate	to make clear	1
5556732521	emanate	to come forth; to send forth	2
5556735192	emendation	a correction	3
5556735193	empathy	an understanding of another's feelings	4
5556736542	empirical	based on practical experience rather than theory	5
5556738435	endemic	confined to a particular country or area	6
5556740232	enervate	to weaken	7
5556740273	ennui	boredom; a weariness resulting from a lack of interest	8
5556744286	ephemeral	lasting only a brief time; short-lived	9
5556748460	epitome	a typical example; a condensed account	10
5556753929	ergo	therefore	11
5556753930	erotic	pertaining to sexual love	12
5556755652	eschew	to keep away from; to avoid; to shun	13
5556755685	facetious	comical; jocular; flippant	14

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AP Literature Flashcards

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4741844193	allegory	a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.	0
4741844194	alliteration	the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.	1
4741844195	allusion	an expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference.	2
4741844196	antagonist	a person or a group of people who opposes a protagonist.	3
4741844197	assonance	in poetry, the repetition of the sound of a vowel or diphthong in nonrhyming stressed syllables near enough to each other for the echo to be discernible (e.g., penitence, reticence ).	4
4741844198	audience	the assembled spectators or listeners at a public event, such as a play, movie, concert, or meeting	5
4741844199	climax	the most intense, exciting, or important point of something; a culmination or apex.	6
4741844200	connotation	an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.	7
4741844201	consonance	agreement or compatibility between opinions or actions.	8
4741844202	couplet	two lines of verse, usually in the same meter and joined by rhyme, that form a unit.	9
4741844203	denotation	the literal or primary meaning of a word, in contrast to the	10
4741844204	diction	the choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing.	11
4741844205	epic	a long poem, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the history of a nation.	12
4741844206	exposition	a comprehensive description and explanation of an idea or theory.	13
4741844207	figurative language	language that uses words or expressions with a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation. When a writer uses literal language, he or she is simply stating the facts as they are.	14
4741844208	first person	person narrative is a point of view (who is telling a story) where the story is narrated by one character at a time. This character may be speaking about him or herself or sharing events that he or she is experiencing.Jun 29, 2015	15
4741844209	foil	In fiction, a foil is a character who contrasts with another character (usually the protagonist) in order to highlight particular qualities of the other character. In some cases, a subplot can be used as a foil to the main plot.	16
4741844210	foreshadowing	be a warning or indication of (a future event).	17
4741844211	free verse	poetry that does not rhyme or have a regular meter	18
4741844212	hyperbole	exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally	19
4741844213	iambic pentameter	line of verse with five metrical feet, each consisting of one short (or unstressed) syllable followed by one long (or stressed) syllable, for example Two households, both alike in dignity.	20
4741844214	imagery	visually descriptive or figurative language, especially in a literary work.	21
4741844215	irony	a state of affairs or an event that seems deliberately contrary to what one expects and is often amusing as a result	22
4741844216	litotes	ironical understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by the negative of its contrary (e.g., you won't be sorry, meaning you'll be glad ).	23
4741844217	metaphor	a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.	24
4741844218	narrator	a person who narrates something, especially a character who recounts the events of a novel or narrative poem	25
4741844219	omniscient	Definition: Third person omniscient is a method of storytelling in which the narrator knows the thoughts and feelings of all of the characters in the story, as opposed to third person limited, which adheres closely to one character's perspective.	26
4741844220	oxymoron	a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction (e.g., faith unfaithful kept him falsely true )	27
4741844221	paradox	a statement or proposition that, despite sound (or apparently sound) reasoning from acceptable premises, leads to a conclusion that seems senseless, logically unacceptable, or self-contradictory	28
4741844222	parody	an imitation of the style of a particular writer, artist, or genre with deliberate exaggeration for comic effect.	29
4741844223	persona	the aspect of someone's character that is presented to or perceived by others	30
4741844224	personification	the attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form.	31
4741844225	plot	plan made in secret by a group of people to do something illegal or harmful	32
4741844226	point of view	(in fictional writing) the narrator's position in relation to the story being told.	33
4741844227	protagonist	the leading character or one of the major characters in a drama, movie, novel, or other fictional text. the main figure or one of the most prominent figures in a real situation.	34
4741844228	purpose	the reason for which something is done or created or for which something exists.	35
4741844229	resolution	Definition: Resolution is the part of the story's plot line in which the problem of the story is resolved or worked out. This occurs after the falling action and is typically where the story ends.	36
4741844230	rhyme	correspondence of sound between words or the endings of words, especially when these are used at the ends of lines of poetry.	37
4741844231	rhythm	a strong, regular, repeated pattern of movement or sound.	38
4741844232	romantic	movement originating in the 18th century, characterized chiefly by a reaction against neoclassicism and an emphasis on the imagination and emotions, and marked especially in English literature by sensibility and the use of autobiographical material, an ...	39
4741844233	satire	the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues.	40
4741844234	simile	form of comparison-using like or as typically	41
4741844235	soliloquy	an act of speaking one's thoughts aloud when by oneself or regardless of any hearers, especially by a character in a play	42
4741844236	speaker	In poetry, the speaker is the voice behind the poem—the person we imagine to be saying the thing out loud.	43
4741844237	stream of consciousness	a literary style in which a character's thoughts, feelings, and reactions are depicted in a continuous flow uninterrupted by objective description or conventional dialogue. James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, and Marcel Proust are among its notable early exponents.	44
4741844238	symbol	thing that represents or stands for something else, especially a material object representing something abstract	45
4741844239	syntax	the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language	46
4741844240	theme	theme is the central topic a text treats. Themes can be divided into two categories: a work's thematic concept is what readers "think the work is about" and its thematic statement being "what the work says about the subject".	47
4741844241	tone	in written composition, is an attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience. Tone is generally conveyed through the choice of words or the viewpoint of a writer on a particular subject.	48
4741844242	unreliable narrator	An unreliable narrator is a narrator, whether in literature, film, or theatre, whose credibility has been seriously compromised. The term was coined in 1961 by Wayne C. Booth in The Rhetoric of Fiction.	49

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AP Language Unit 3 Vocabulary Flashcards

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7932305725	Cavort	(v.) to romp or prance around exuberantly; to make merry	0
7932305726	Credence	(n.) belief, mental acceptance	1
7932305727	Decry	(v.) to condemn, express strong disapproval; to officially depreciate	2
7932305728	Dissemble	(v.) to disguise or conceal, deliberately give a false impression	3
7932305729	Distraught	(adj.) very much agitates or upset as a result of emotion or mental conflict	4
7932305730	Eulogy	(n.) a formal statement of commendation; high praise	5
7932305731	Evince	(v.) to display clearly, to make evident, to provoke	6
7932305732	Exhume	(v.) to remove from a grave; to bring to light	7
7932305733	Feckless	(adj.) lacking in spirit and strength; ineffective, weak; irresponsible, unreliable	8
7932305734	Murky	(adj.) dark and gloomy, obscure; lacking in clarity and precision	9
7932305735	Nefarious	(adj.) wicked, depraved, devoid of moral standards	10
7932305736	Piquant	(adj.) stimulating to the taste or mind; spicy, pungent; appealingly provocative	11
7932305737	Primordial	(adj.) developed or created at the very beginning; going back to the most ancient times or earliest stage; fundamental, basic	12
7932305738	Propinquity	(n.) nearness in place or time; kinship	13
7932305739	Substantive	(adj.) real, having a solid basis; considerable in number or amount; meaningful and on topic	14
7932305740	Unwonted	(adj.) not usual or expected; not in character	15
7932305741	Utopian	(adj.) founded upon or involving a visionary view of an ideal world; impractical	16
7932305742	Verbiage	(n.) language that is too wordy or inflated in proportion to the sense or content, wordiness; a manner of expression	17
7932305743	Verdant	(adj.) green in tint or color; immature in experience or judgment	18
7932305744	Viscous	(adj.) having a gelatinous or gluey quality, lacking in easy movement or fluidity	19

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AP Language Flashcards

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4659366824	Diction	The word choices made by a writer	0
4659367761	Figurative Language	Language employing one or more figures of speech	1
4659368458	Rhetoric		2
4659375409	Rhetorical Devices		3
4659375905	Structure		4
4659378846	Style		5
4659378847	Syntax		6
4659379248	Theme		7
4659379249	Thesis		8
4659379834	Tone		9
4659379835	Absolute		10
4659383708	Ad Hominem Argument		11
4659386049	Allegory		12
4659386564	Allusion		13
4659386565	Analogy		14
4659386888	Anaphora		15
4659386889	Anecdote		16
4659387580	Anthypophora		17
4659388052	Antithesis		18
4659388570	Aphorism		19
4659390043	Argumentation		20
4659390044	Assonance		21
4659390710	Asyndenton		22
4659391374	Balanced Sentence		23
4659391874	Cause/Effect		24
4659397420	Chiasmus		25

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AP Language Tone Words Flashcards

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6057791546	afraid	feeling fear; frightened; apprehensive; or regretful realization; anzious, alarmed	0
6057791547	allusive	containing an indirect reference to another work; casual reference	1
6057791548	angry	wild and stormy; wrath; indignation; rage; ire; vitriol, fume	2
6057791549	apologetic	an acknowledging and expressing regret for a fault, injury, insult, etc.; sorry, remorseful	3
6057791550	audacious	too daring; reckless; bold; presumptuous; insolent; impudent; bantam, assuming	4
6057791551	bantering	to tease or make fun of in a playful way; raillery, joshing	5
6057791552	bitter	causing or showing sorrow, discomfort, or pain; grievous; sardonic; acrimonious, embittered	6
6057791553	boring	wearying by being dull, uninteresting, etc.; monotonous, hackneyed	7
6057791554	candid	honest, outspoken; unbiased, impartial; frank, genuine	8
6057791555	childish	immature; silly; not fit for an adult; juvenile; puerile, pedomorphic	9
6057791556	clinical	purely scientific; dispassionately curious; objective, detached	10
6057791557	cold	without warmth of feeling; not cordial; chilling and gloomy; calm; unenthusiastic, icy	11
6057791558	colloquial	words, phrases or idioms as used in conversation; informal, vernacular	12
6057791559	compassionate	to have sorrow for suffering with helpful intent; pity, deep sympathy	13
6057791560	facetious	lightly joking, usually at an inappropriate time; jacose, jocular	14
6057791561	factual	having te nature of something true; genuine, accurate	15
6057791562	fanciful	indulging in imagination or delusion; imaginative, whimsical	16
6057791563	formal	high level of language utilizing high vocabulary, complex syntax, etc.; academic, pomp	17
6057791564	frivolous	not properly serious or sensible; of little value or importance; trifling; trivial, paltry	18
6057791565	giddy	having a whirling, dazed sensation; whirling; reeling, lightheaded	19
6057791566	happy	favored by circumstances; having, showing, or sharing a feeling of great pleasure; joyous, pleased	20
6057791567	hollow	lacking depth, worthless; not real or meaningful; loneliness; shallow, empty	21
6057791568	humorous	funny; amazing; amusing; comical; droll; waggish, ribald	22
6057791569	impartial	favoring none more than another; without prejudice; just; fair, unbiased	23
6057791570	incisive	cutting into; sharp; keen; piercing; acute; trenchant, poignant	24
6057791571	indignant	anger or scorn from injustice, cruelty, etc.; resentment, animus	25
6057791572	inflammatory	rousing or likely to rouse excitement or violence; vehement, fiery	26
6057791573	informal	casual, easy, unceremonious, or relaxed; colloquial, offhand	27
6057791574	informative	giving instruction, knowledge or education; advisory, illuminating	28
6057791575	insipid	not exciting or interesting; flavorless; dull, inane	29
6057791576	benevolent	doing or inclined to do good; charitable	30
6057791577	burlesque	broadly comic or satirical imitation as of writing, play, etc.; derisive caricature; low comedy	31
6057791578	complimentary	conveying or epressing praise, commendation or admiration	32
6057791579	concerned	interested; troubled or anxious	33
6057791580	condescending	graciously willing to do something regarded as beneath one's dignity; to deal with others in a proud or haughty way	34
6057791581	confident	assured; certain; trustful	35
6057791582	contemptuous	expressing disdain, or scorn, or intense disgust	36
6057791583	contentious	tending to argument or strife; quarrelsome	37
6057791584	cynical	denying the sincerity of people's motives and actions	38
6057791585	detached	not involved by emotion; impartial	39
6057791586	didactic	intended for teaching/instruction; too much inclined to teach others	40
6057791587	disdainful	treating or regarding as beneath one's dignity; aloof contempt or scorn	41
6057791588	dramatic	filled with action, emotion or exciting qualities	42
6057791589	effusive	pour out freely; overflowing; express excessive emotion in unrestrained manner	43
6057791590	elegiac	sad; mournful; plaintive	44
6057791591	elusive	hard to grasp or retain mentally; baffling	45
6057791592	flippant	frivolous and disrespectful; impertinent	46
6057791593	informative	educational, instructional	47
6057791594	irreverent	disrespect; lack of love or awe for something sacred	48
6057791595	ironic	contrary to what is expressed or usual	49
6057791596	insolent	boldly rude or disrespectful; impertinent	50
6057791597	lugubrious	very sad or mournful to an exaggerated or ridiculous extent	51
6057791598	mock-heroic	mocking or burlesquing a heroic manner, action or character	52
6057791599	moralistic	adhering to a system of morals or perhaps imposing this system on others	53
6057791600	objective	without bias or prejudice; detached; impersonal	54
6057791601	patronizing	to treat in a condescending manner	55
6057791602	pedantic	to stress minor or trivial points of learning	56
6057791603	petty	relatively worthless; trivial; minor	57
6057791604	pretentious	making claims, implicit or explicit, to some distinction or importance	58
6057791605	restrained	limited; restricted; suppressed	59
6057791606	sardonic	characterized by bitter or scornful derision	60
6057791607	satiric	use of ridicule, sarcasm, irony to expose, attack or deride vices, follies, stupidities or abuses	61
6057791608	scornful	filled with extreme indignant contempt; disdain; refusing or rejecting as wrong/disgraceful	62
6057791609	sentimental	having or showing tender, gentle, or delicate feelings, but sometimes in an excessive or maudlin way; influenced more by emotion than reason	63
6057791610	somber	dark and gloomy; earnest and solemn	64
6057791611	sympathetic	looking upon with favor	65
6057791612	taunting	challenging or reproachfull in a sarcastic, insulting or jeering manner	66
6057791613	turgid	inflated, overblown or pmpous; bombastic	67
6057791614	urgent	calling for hast; insistent	68
6057791615	vibrant	throbbing with life; vigorous, energetic, radiant	69
6057791616	whimsical	unpredictable, fanciful	70
6057791617	pitiful	sorrow felt for another's suffering or misfortune; commiserate; condoling, sympathetic	71
6057791618	playful	fond of fun; sportive; humorous, joking, or merry; fralicsome, waggish	72
6057791619	proud	delight or satisfaction of oneself, achievements, possessions, etc. (can be haughty); arrogant, superior	73
6057791620	sad	having, expressing, or showing low spirits; unhappy; sorrowful; mournful, melancholy	74
6057791621	sarcastic	intent to hurt by taunting with mocking ridicule, veiled snickers, etc.; sardonic, caustic	75
6057791622	seductive	tending to persuade to do wrong or evil; lead astray; tempting, enticing	76
6057791623	sharp	harsh; biting; severe, as language, temper, criticism, etc.; harsh, acrimonious	77
6057791624	shocked	any sudden disturbance or agitation of the mind or emotions (surprise, disgust, etc.); dazed, flabbergasted	78
6057791625	silly	having or showing little sense, judgement, or sobriety; absurd; foolish, ludicrous	79
6057791626	intimate	most private or personal; very close or familiar	80
6057791627	joking	anything said or done that deserves laughter	81
6057791628	joyful	feeling, causing, or indicating gladness	82
6057791629	learned	showing knowledge of events or showing scholarly ability	83
6057791630	mocking	to ridicule; mimic; with a sarcastic tone	84
6057791631	mock-serious	imitation of a grave quality or manner; to imitate the earnest of an act	85
6057791632	nostalgic	a wishing for something that happened long ago or is now far away; a bittersweet longing for things, persons, or situations or the past	86
6057791633	peaceful	free from strife; lacking noise or disorder; quiet	87
6057791634	solemn	deeply earnest, serious, and sober	88
6057791635	sweet	pleasing to the senses; agreeable; having a pleasing disposition; lovable	89
6057791636	tired	weary, hackneyed, lack of sleep and rest	90
6057791637	upset	to disturb the functioning of; to disturb emotionally or physically	91
6057791638	vexed	disturbed, annoys especially in a petty way; to distress or afflict	92
6057791639	zealous	motivated or filled by enthusiastic devotion or strong diligence; fervent; showing great emotion	93

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ap language Flashcards

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7080543390	allegory (n)	a story where the characters and settings are abstract and there is an underlying meaning to the story	0
7080543391	Alliteration	Repetition of consonant sounds	1
7080543392	Allusion	A reference to another work of literature, person, or event	2
7080543393	Anachronism (noun)	a person, thing, idea, or custom that seems to belong to a different time in history	3
7080543394	analogy (n)	a comparison between things that are alike in some ways	4
7080543395	anaphora definition	repetition of same word/phrase at the beginning of consecutive phrases/clauses	5
7080543396	Anecdote	A brief narrative that focuses on a particular incident or event.	6
7080543397	annotation (n)	a critical or explanatory note or comment, especially for a literary work	7
7080543398	antecedent	a noun that a later pronoun refers to	8
7080543399	Antimetabole	The repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast. ( are you working hard or hardly working? )	9
7080543400	antithesis	an opposite structure used to show contrast between ideas	10
7080543401	Aphorism	A brief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life.	11
7080543402	Apostrophe	address to an absent or imaginary person, place, thing or personified abstraction	12
7080543403	Appeal to authority (ethos) credibility	uses an authority figure to support a position, idea, argument, or course of action	13
7080543404	appeal to emotion (pathos)	rhetorical persuasive argument where the speaker plays on the emotions of the audience	14
7080543405	appeal to logic (logos)	rhetorical persuasive argument where the speaker appeals to audiences reason by providing facts and evidence	15
7080543406	appositive	A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun	16
7080543407	archaic diction	The use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language.	17
7080543408	Argument by analogy	a comparison of two similar situations, implying that the outcome of one will resemble the outcome if the other	18
7080543409	Argumentation	to persuade an audience about a debatable issue using ethos, pathos, and logos supported by evidence and organization	19
7080543410	aristotellian triangle	shows rhetorical situation as the relationship of the speaker, subject, and audience	20
7080543411	Assertion	a declaration or statement	21
7080543412	assonance (n)	the repetition of similar vowel sounds in the stressed syllables of successive words	22
7080543413	assumption	A belief or statement taken for granted without proof.	23
7080543414	asyndeton	Leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses.	24
7080543415	atmosphere	The emotional mood created by a literary work (also called mood)	25
7080543416	attitude	a speakers position on a subject revealed through tone	26
7080543417	attribution	the referring of a work to a particular author or artist	27
7080543418	audience	the reader of the text; who the text is for	28
7080543419	authority	support for an argument that is based on recognized experts in the field	29
7080543420	bias	Prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue.	30
7080543421	biblical allusion	reference to the Bible in a work of literature	31
7080543422	burlesque	a parody of an entire form/style/subject	32
7080543423	cacophony	A harsh, discordant mixture of sounds used deliberately in literature	33
7080543424	cannon	that which has been accepted as authentic such as In cannon law or the literary cannon	34
7080543425	caricature	exaggerates the traits of an idea or person to produce a ridiculous effect	35
7080543426	cause and effect (casual analysis)	explaining in a logical manner why something happened or why it could happen if if action is not taken. the point is to show an uniterrupted, convincing link between cause and effect	36
7080543427	Characterization	the process by which the writer reveals the personality of a character (direct or indirect)	37
7080543428	chiasmus	a reversal in the order of words in two otherwise parallel phrases ( same as antimetabole )	38
7080543429	cite	(v.) to quote; to mention; part of writing derived from a source	39
7080543430	claim	An assertion, usually supported by evidence	40
7080543431	classicism	An adherence to the principals of Greek and Roman literature such as objectivity, sensibility, restraint, and formailty	41
7080543432	clause	A structural element of a sentence, consisting of a grammatical subject and a predicate.	42
7080545513	close reading	A careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, and other literary elements	43
7080546334	coherence	the quality of being logical, orderly, and clearly connected. all parts contribute to development of central idea	44
7080547530	colloquialism	informal words or expressions not usually acceptable in formal writing ( everyday speech )	45
7080549504	common ground	shared beliefs, values or positions	46
7080550060	compare-contrast	compare- similarities and differences contrast- focuses on differences	47
7080551706	complex sentence	A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause	48
7080552679	conceit	an elaborate figure of speech where two seemingly different things are compared	49
7080559317	concession	A reluctant acknowledgment or yielding.	50
7080559933	connotation	the implied or associative meaning of a word (not denotation)	51
7080564810	consonance	Repetition of consonant sounds	52
7080567894	context	words, other evidence that help determine meaning	53
7080569090	conundrum	a riddle whose answer is or involves a pun; it may also be a paradox or difficult problem	54
7080574173	coordination	grammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence often with conjunctions ( and, or, but)	55
7080575213	counterargument	A challenge to a position; an opposing argument.	56
7080575704	credible	Able to be trusted in or believed	57
7080576672	cumulative sentence	an independent clause followed by additional detail	58
7080577679	cynicism	A tendency to doubt human goodness and to look on the negative side of things	59
7081631955	declaration sentence	Sentence that makes a statement	60
7081632172	deduction	reasoning from general to specific	61
7081633599	deductive reasoning	the method of argument in which specific statements and conclusions are drawn from established general principals	62
7081636180	definition	to illustrate through example and rational thought what something is or what something is not	63
7081639896	denotation	the literal meaning; dictionary definition	64
7081640856	description	one of four modes of discourse. Description shows rather than tells by giving sensory images and details	65
7081644505	dialect	the language and speech specific to a certain region or group	66
7081647074	dialect journal	a double column journal in which someone writes a quote in one column and reflections on the quote in the other column	67
7081649525	diction	the word choices made by a writer to convey tone, purpose, or effect	68
7081650504	discourse	spoken or written language; the four types of discourse are description, exposition, narration, and persuasion	69
7081653413	dissonance	harsh or grating sounds that do not go together	70
7081654605	documentation	bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing	71
7081658526	dynamic character	a character who undergoes an important inner change in personality or attitude	72
7081659150	elegiac	Mourning that which is lost or past; sorrowful - often used to describe tone	73
7081660072	elegy	a sad or mournful poem about the death of a person(s)	74
7081661027	ellipsis	in a sentence, the omission of a word or words replaced by three periods	75
7081661494	epigram	a short, witty saying	76
7081663791	epistrope	repetition of the same word or group of words at the ends of successive clauses	77
7081667375	epitaph	writing in praise of a dead person (tombstone)	78
7081669154	epithet	A descriptive name or phrase used to characterize someone or something "man's best friend"	79
7081672130	eulogy	a written speech in praise of someone living or dead	80
7081674138	ethos	greek term referring to the character of a person; builds credibility	81
7081677272	euphemism	An indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant "pass away" or "he died"	82
7081681779	euphony	Pleasing, harmonious sounds. opposite of cacophony	83
7081683703	example	a model; writing by example models exactly what the writer is trying to convey	84
7081686606	exemplum	a brief tale used in medieval times to teach a lesson or illustrate a moral	85
7081688584	explication of text	explanation of a text s meaning through analysis of all its parts; similar to close reading	86
7081690308	exposition	Background and setting information presented to understand the plot	87
7081692529	extended metaphor	A metaphor that is developed over several lines of writing	88
7081694194	facts	information that is true or demonstrable	89
7081696594	figurative language	the use of tropes or figures of speech to go beyond literal meaning for a greater literary effect	90
7081698934	figure of speech	expressions such as similes, metaphors, and personifications to make imaginative rather than literal comparisons or associations	91
7081702745	flashback	when an event that took place before present time is placed in the chronological order of a story	92
7081704972	flat character	A character who is not very well developed but is useful in carrying out some narrative purpose of the author	93
7081707760	foil	a secondary character whose personality/attitude is opposite of a major character	94
7081709527	folklore	traditional stories, songs, customs that are passed down orally through generations until recorded by scholars	95
7081715287	foreshadowing	the use of hints and clues to suggest what will happen later in a plot	96
7081715729	fragment	A word, phrase, or clause that does not form a full sentence	97
7081716401	genre	a major category or type of literature	98
7081717295	hint of an ideal	even in the darkest satire, a hint of what the author believes to be ideal solution is given	99

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AP Literature Flashcards

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7315135739	Allegory	The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning.	0
7315145290	Alliteration	The repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words.	1
7315189328	Allusion	A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art.	2
7315126807	Ambiguity	The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage.	3
7315162639	Analogy	A comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification.	4
7315157998	Anaphora	The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses.	5
7315131497	Anastrophe	The order of the noun and adjective are exchanged (switched around).	6
7315180850	Anecdote	A short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person.	7
7315152530	Antagonist	A person who actively opposes or is hostile to someone or something; an adversary.	8
7315184868	Antimetabolite	A chemical that inhibits the use of a metabolite.	9
7315076446	Antithesis	Opposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in a parallel construction	10
7315080703	Antihero	A central character in a story, movie, or drama who lacks conventional heroic attributes.	11
7315083806	Anthropomorphism	Attributing human characteristics to an animal or inanimate object.	12
7315083807	Aphorism	A brief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life.	13
7315083808	Apostrophe	Addressing something nonhuman as if it were human. Example: Death, be not proud . . .	14
7315087408	Apposition	Placing two nouns side by side, the second of which serves as an explanation of the first.	15
7315087409	Assonance	Repetition of vowel sounds.	16
7315087410	Asyndeton	A construction in which elements are presented in a series without conjunctions.	17
7315089389	Balance	Places elements on the page so that text and graphic elements are evenly distributed.	18
7429576451	Characterization	The process by which the writer reveals the personality of a character.	19
7429578973	Indirect Characterization	The author reveals to the reader what the character is like by describing how the character looks and dresses, by letting the reader hear what the character says, by revealing the character's private thoughts and feelings, by revealing the character's effect on other people (showing how other characters feel or behave toward the character), or by showing the character in action. Common in modern literature.	20
7429578974	Direct Characterization	The author tells us directly what the character is like: sneaky, generous, mean to pets and so on. Romantic style literature relied more heavily on this form.	21
7429582438	Static Character	Is one who does not change much in the course of a story.	22
7429650687	Dynamic Character	Is one who changes in some important way as a result of the story's action.	23
7429650688	Flat Character	Has only one or two personality traits. They are one dimensional, like a piece of cardboard. They can be summed up in one phrase.	24
7429650947	Round Character	Has more dimensions to their personalities - they are complex, just as real people are.	25
7429680828	Chiasmus	In poetry, a type of rhetorical balance in which the second part is syntactically balanced against the first, but with the parts reversed. "Flowers are lovely, love is flowerlike." In prose this is called antimetabole.	26
7429680829	Cliché	Is a word or phrase, often a figure of speech, that has become lifeless because of overuse.	27
7429683564	Colloquialism	A word or phrase in everyday use in conversation and informal writing but is inappropriate for formal situations. "He's /out of his head/ if he thinks I'm /gonna go for/ such a stupid idea."	28
7731073529	Comedy	In general, a story that ends with a happy resolution of the conflict faced by the main character or characters.	29
7731073530	Conceit	An elaborate metaphor that compares two things that are startlingly different. Often an extended metaphor.	30
7731073531	Confessional Poetry	A 20th century term used to describe poetry that uses intimate material from the poet's life.	31
7731075951	Conflict	The struggle between opposing forces or characters in a story.	32
7731075952	External Conflict	Conflicts can exist between two people, a person and nature, a person and a machine, or between a person and a whole society.	33
7731079215	Internal Conflict	A conflict can be internal, involving opposing forces within a person's mind.	34
7731079216	Connotation	The associations and emotional overtones that have become attached to a word or phrase, in addition to its strict dictionary definition.	35
7731079284	Couplet	Two consecutive rhyming lines in a poem.	36
7731082510	Dialect	A way of speaking that is characteristic of a certain social group or of the inhabitants of a certain geographical area.	37
7731082511	Diction	A speaker or writer's choice of words.	38
7906445533	Didactic	A form of fiction or nonfiction that teaches a specific lesson or moral or provides a model of correct behavior or thinking.	39
7906445534	Elegy	A poem of mourning, usually about someone who has died. A eulogy is great praise or commendation, a laudatory speech, often about someone who died.	40
7906448147	Epanalepsis	Device of repetition in which the same expression (single word or phrase) is repeated both at the beginning and at the end of the line, clause, or sentence. Voltaire: "common sense is not so common."	41
7906451026	Epic	A long narrative poem, written in heightened language, which recounts the deeds of a heroic character who embodies the values of a particular society.	42
7906451027	Epigraph	A quotation or aphorism at the beginning of a literary work suggestive of the theme.	43
7906451028	Epistrophe	Device of repetition in which the same expression (single word or phrase) is repeated at the end of two or more lines, clauses, or sentences (it is the opposite of anaphora).	44
7906454491	Epithet	An adjective or adjective phrase applied to a person or thing that is frequently used to emphasize a characteristic quality. "Father of our country" and "the great Emancipator" are examples.	45
7906454492	Essay	A short piece of nonfiction prose in which the writer discusses some aspect of a subject.	46
7906456809	Persuasion	Relies more on emotional appeals than on facts.	47
7906458812	Argument	Form of persuasion that appeals to reason instead of emotion to convince an audience think or act in a certain way.	48
7906458813	Casual Relationship	Form of argumentation in which the writer claims that one thing results from another, often used as part of a logical argument.	49
7906461546	Description	A form of discourse that uses language to create a mood or emotion.	50
7906461547	Exposition	One of the four major forms of discourse, in which something is explained or "set forth."	51
7906461548	Narrative	The form of discourse that tells about a series of events.	52
8156275119	Explication	Act of interpreting or discovering the meaning of a text, usually involves close reading and special attention to figurative language.	53
8156275120	Fable	A very short story told in prose or poetry that teaches a practical lesson about how to succeed in life.	54
8156275121	Farce	A type of comedy in which ridiculous and often stereotyped characters are involved in silly, far-fetched situations.	55
8156280164	Figurative Language	Words which are inaccurate in interpreted literally, but are used to describe. Similes and metaphors are common forms.	56
8156283552	Flashback	A scene that interrupts the normal chronological sequence of events in a story to depict something that happened at an earlier time.	57
8156283553	Foil	A character who acts as contract to another character. Often a funny side kick to the dashing hero, or a villain contrasting the hero.	58
8156286126	Foreshadowing	The use of hints and clues to suggest what will happen later in a plot.	59
8156286127	Free verse	Poetry that does not conform to a regular meter or rhyme scheme.	60
8156286128	Hyperbole	A figure of speech that uses an incredible exaggeration or overstatement for effect. "If I told you once, I've told you a million times..."	61
8156290251	Hypotactic	Sentence marked by the use of connecting words between clauses or sentences, explicitly showing the logical or other relationships between them. (Use of such syntactic subordination of just one clause to another is known as hypotaxis).	62
8240228320	Imagery	The use if language to evoke a picture or a concrete sensation of a person, a thing, a place, or an experience.	63
8240228321	Inversion	The reversal of the normal word order in a sentence or phrase.	64
8240228322	Irony	A discrepancy between appearances and reality.	65
8240251689	Verbal Irony	Occurs when someone says one thing but really means something else.	66
8240294890	Situational Irony	Takes place when there is discrepancy between what is expected to happen, or what would be appropriate to happen, and what really does happen.	67
8240308525	Dramatic Irony	Is so called because it is often used on stage. a character in the play or story thinks one thing is true, but the audience or reader knows better.	68
8240319553	Juxtaposition	Poetic and rhetorical device in which normally unassociated ideas, words, or phrases are placed next to one another, creating an effect of surprise and wit. Also a form on contrast by which writers call attention to dissimilar ideas or images or metaphors.	69
8240343365	Litotes	A form of understatement in which the positive form is emphasized through the negation of negative form.	70
8240362330	Local color	A term applied to fiction or poetry which tends to place special emphasis on a particular setting, including its customs, clothing, dialect, and landscape.	71
8240381731	Loose sentence	One in which the main clause comes first, followed by further dependent grammatical units.	72
8561771782	Lyric Poem	A poem that does not tell a story but expresses the personal feelings or thoughts of the speaker. A ballad tells a story.	73
8561771783	Metaphor	A figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlike things without the use of such specific words of comparison such as like, as, than, or resembles.	74
8561773905	Implied Metaphor	Does not state explicitly the two terms of the comparison. "I like to see it lap the miles" is an implied metaphor in which the verb lap implies a comparison between "it" and some animal that "laps" up water.	75
8561773906	Extended Metaphor	A metaphor that is extended or developed as far as the writer wants to take it. (conceit if it is quite elaborate).	76
8561776659	Dead Metaphor	A metaphor that has been used so often that the comparison is no longer vivid. "The head of the house", "the seat of the government", "a knotty problem" are all dead metaphors.	77
8561776660	Mixed Metaphor	A metaphor that has gotten out of control and mixes its terms so that they are visually or imaginatively incompatible. "The President is a lame duck who is running out of gas."	78
8561778833	Metonymy	A figure of speech in which a person, place, or thing, is referred to by something closely associated with it. "We requested from the crown support of our petition." The crown is used to represent the monarch.	79
8561778834	Mood	An atmosphere that is created by a writer's diction and the details selected.	80
8561778835	Motif	A recurring image, word, phrase, action, idea, object, or situation used throughout a work (or in several works by one author), unifying the work by tying the current situation to previous ones, or new ideas to the theme. Kurt Vonnegut uses "So it goes" throughout Slaughterhouse-Five to remind the reader of the senselessness of death.	81
8561778872	Motivation	The reasons for a character's behavior.	82
8561785240	Onomatopoeia	The use of words whose sounds echo their sense. "Pop." "Zap."	83
8561785241	Oxymoron	A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase. "Jumbo shrimp." "Pretty ugly." "Bittersweet."	84
8561785242	Parable	A relatively short story that teaches a moral, or lesson about how to lead a good life.	85
8561787627	Paradox	A statement that appears self-contradictory, but reveals a kind of truth.	86
8561790143	Koan	A paradox used in Zen Buddhism to gain intuitive knowledge: "What is the sound of one hand clapping?"	87

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AP Language Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

7278995829	Irony(dramatic)	Character's words or actions are clear to audience or reader although unknown to the character.	0
7278995830	Irony(situational)	Actions have effect that is opposite from what was intended.	1
7278995831	Irony (verbal)	Words express something contrary to the truth.	2
7278995832	Satire	Use of humor irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to criticize people's stupidity.	3
7278995833	Parody	Imitation of the style of a particular writer, artist, or genre with deliberate exaggeration for comic effect.	4
7278995834	Absurdity	The quality or state of being ridiculous or wildly unreasonable.	5
7278995835	Paradox	A statement that leads to a self-contradictory or a logically unacceptable conclusion.	6
7278995836	Cognitive dissonance	The state of having and inconsistent thoughts, beliefs, or attitude, especially as relating to behavioral decisions and attitude change.	7
7278995837	Non Sequitur	A conclusion or statement that does not logically follow from the previous argument or statement.	8
7278995838	Impression	An opinion about something or someone formed without conscious thought or on the basis of a little evidence; imitation of a person or thing.	9
7278995839	Misunderstanding	A disagreement; failure to understand something correctly.	10
7278995840	Pun	A job exploiting the different possible meanings of a word.	11
7278995841	Litotes	An affirmative is expressed by the negative of its contrary.	12
7278995842	Heckling	Interrupting (a public speaker) with aggressive comments or abuse.	13
7278995843	Black comedy (discomfort with truth)	Comedy containing bitter jokes about the unpleasant aspects of life.	14
7278995844	Schadenfreude	Pleasure derived by someone from another person's misfortune.	15
7278995845	Contrast/juxtaposition	Two things being seen close together with contrasting effect.	16
7278995846	Hyperbole/escalation	Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.	17
7278995847	Bon mot	A witty remark.	18
7278995848	Caricature	A picture or imitation of a person or thing in which certain striking characteristics are exaggerated in order to create a comic effect.	19
7278995849	Double blunder/relapse	Bad move caused by tactical oversight such as carelessness or overconfidence.	20
7278995850	Epigram	A pithy remark expressing an idea in a clever and amusing way.	21
7278995851	Farce	Ca comic dramatic work using buffoonery horseplay and typically including crude characterization and ludicrously improbable situations.	22
7278995852	Common ground	Opinions or interest shared by each of two or more parties.	23
7278995853	Freudian slip	An error in speech, memory, or physical action that is interpreted as occurring due to the interference of an unconscious subdued wish.	24
7278995854	Inversion/reversal	Action of reversing something.	25
7278995855	Lampoon	A text criticizing someone or something in this way.	26
7278995856	Malapropism	Mistaken use of a word in place of a similar- sounding one, often with unintentionally amusing effect.	27
7278995857	Recovery	A return to normal state.	28
7278995858	Spoof	Humorous imitation of something.	29
7278995859	Spoonerism	A verbal error in which a speaker accidentally transposes the initial sounds or letters of two or more words.	30
7278995860	Paraprosdokian	Figure of speech in which the latter part of the sentence, phrase, or larger discourse is surprising or unexpected in a way that causes the reader or listener to reinterpret the first part.	31

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AP Human Geography: Language Flashcards

Language

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6805229995	Dialect	A particular form of a language that is particular to a specific region or social group.	0
6805229996	Extinct Language	An extinct language is a language that no longer has any speakers, or that is no longer in current use.	1
6805229997	Ideogram	A written character symbolizing the idea of a thing without indicating the sounds used to say it. An Example: 6 (six)	2
6805229998	Isogloss	A geographic boundary line delimiting the area in which a given linguistic feature occurs.	3
6805229999	Isolated Language	a natural language with no demonstrable genealogical (or "genetic") relationship with other languages; that is, one that has not been demonstrated to descend from an ancestor common with any other language. i.e A language family with only one language.	4
6805230000	Language Branch	A Subsection of a Language Family. i.e The Romance "-------" of the Indo-European language family.	5
6805230001	Language	The method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a structured and conventional way.	6
6805230002	Language Group	A Collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary.	7
6805230003	Language Family	A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history	8
6805230004	Indo European language family	Largest language family that includes English and most other languages in the Western Hemisphere. Also used in South and Southwest Asia.	9
6805230005	Sino-Tibetan Language Family	2nd largest language family. Includes Madarin, Thai, Cantonese and Burmese	10
6805230006	Lingua Franca	A Language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages	11
6805230007	Literary Tradition	A Language that is written as well as spoken	12
6805230008	Monolingual	The condition of being able to speak only a single language	13
6805230009	Bilingual	The ability to speak two languages	14
6805230010	Multilingual	The ability to speak multiple languages	15
6805230011	Official Language	The language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents.	16
6805230012	Pidgin Language	A Form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communications among speakers of two different languages.	17
6805230013	Standard Language	The form of a language used for official government business, education, and mass communications.	18
6805230014	Trade Language	A language, especially a pidgin, used by speakers of different native languages for communication in commercial trade.	19
6805230015	Vernacular	Using a language or dialect native to a region or country rather than a literary, cultured, or foreign language. It is usually the language of the common people.	20
6805230016	Creole	a mother tongue formed from the contact of two languages through an earlier pidgin stage	21
6805230017	Denglish	The term is used in all German-speaking countries to refer to the increasingly strong influx of macaronic (slang) English or pseudo-English vocabulary into German.	22
6805230018	Franglais	a form of French using many words and idioms borrowed from English.	23
6805230019	Ebonics	American black English regarded as a language in its own right rather than as a dialect of standard English	24
6805230020	Spanglish	a hybrid language combining words and idioms from both Spanish and English, especially Spanish speech that uses many English words and expressions.	25
6805230021	Institutional Language	Professional language (not slang)	26
6805230022	Developing Language	Language used daily for face-to-face communication, includes a standard written expression, but not used by people all the time	27
6805230023	Vigorous Language	Language used daily by all ages but doesn't include a written expression	28
6805230024	Subdialect	Broken down version of dialects, usually very close to each other but may differ in pronunciation of local words.	29
6805230025	Received Pronunciation	the standard form of British English pronunciation, based on educated speech in southern England.	30
6805230026	Vulgar Latin	Informal Latin spoken by common folk (farmers, soldiers, etc.) in classical times	31