AP Language Concepts Flashcards
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| 4714961499 | Connotation | A meaning that is implied by a word apart from the thing which it describes explicitly (A dove connotes peace or gentility) | 0 | |
| 4714961500 | Denotation | The direct meaning or set of meanings of a word or expression | 1 | |
| 4714961501 | Diction | Style of speaking or writing determined by the choice of words by a speaker or a writer | 2 | |
| 4714961502 | Syntax | The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language. | 3 | |
| 4714961503 | Tone | Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character | 4 | |
| 4714961504 | Explicit | Fully and clearly expressed or demonstrated; leaving nothing merely implied | 5 | |
| 4714961505 | Implicit | Implied, rather than expressly stated | 6 | |
| 4714961506 | Infer | To derive by reasoning; conclude or judge by premise or evidence | 7 | |
| 4714961507 | Parallelism | The use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same, or similar in their construction, sound, or meaning (He likes eating, sleeping, and playing.) | 8 | |
| 4714961508 | Periodic Sentence | A sentence that leaves the completion of its main clause to the end as to produce an effect of suspense (With low taxes, beautiful views and a mild climate, this city is a great place to live.) | 9 | |
| 4714961509 | Cumulative Sentence | An independent clause followed by two or more subordinate clauses that gather details about a person, place, event, or idea (Llanblethian hangs pleasantly, with its white cottages, and orchard and other trees.) | 10 | |
| 4714961510 | Balanced Sentence | A sentence consisting of two or more clauses that are almost equal in length, importance, and grammatical structure (Light is faster, but we are safer.) | 11 | |
| 4714961511 | Interrupted Sentence | A word group (a statement, question, or exclamation) that interrupts the flow of a sentence and is usually set off by commas, dashes, or parentheses (Long term, car loans and--you guessed it--home loans will be much harder to come by.) | 12 | |
| 4714961512 | Antithesis | A rhetorical device in which two opposite ideas are put together in a sentence to achieve a contrasting effect (Speech is silver, but silence is gold) | 13 | |
| 4714961513 | Inversion | A literary technique in which the normal order of words is reversed in order to achieve a particular effect of emphasis (The soldier strong), (Shouts the policeman), (Worlds between) | 14 | |
| 4714961514 | Analogy | A comparison that attempts to explain an idea or a thing by comparing it to another thing that is quite different from it (Structure of an atom is like a solar system. Nucleus is the sun and electrons are the planets revolving around their sun.) | 15 | |
| 4714961515 | Metaphor | A comparison of two unlike things without using the word like or as (The assignment was a breeze.) | 16 | |
| 4714961516 | Simile | A comparison of two unlike things using like or as (The water well was as dry as a bone.) | 17 | |
| 4714961517 | Logical Fallacy | An error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid. | 18 | |
| 4714961518 | Apostrophe | A sign used to indicate possession or the omission of one or more letters in a word ( ' ) | 19 | |
| 4714961519 | Allusion | A brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary, or political significance (Don't act like a Romeo in front of her) | 20 | |
| 4714961520 | Hyperbole | Obvious and intentional exaggeration for the sake of emphasis (Your suitcase weighs a ton!) | 21 | |
| 4714961521 | Understatement | The presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is "It rained a bit more than usual" (while describing an area being flooded after heavy rainfall) | 22 | |
| 4714961522 | Paradox | A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory but in reality expresses a possible truth (What a pity that youth must be wasted on the young.) | 23 | |
| 4714961523 | Qualification | The act of adding additional information, or evidence in order to make your argument less broad | 24 | |
| 4714961524 | Epithet | Describes a place, a thing, or a person in such a way that it helps in making its characteristics more prominent than they actually are (Death lies on her like an untimely frost.) | 25 | |
| 4714961525 | Euphemism | The substitution of a mild, indirect, or vague expression for one thought to be offensive, harsh, or blunt (He kicked the bucket) | 26 | |
| 4714961526 | Conceit | Two vastly different objects are likened together with the help of similes or metaphors; A comparison that is exceedingly unlikely but is intellectually imaginative (My life is like a free online game, people seem to be playing with it.) | 27 | |
| 4714961527 | Synecdoche | A figure of speech in which a part of something represents the whole or a whole may represent a part (The word "boots" usually refers to soldiers) | 28 | |
| 4714961528 | Metonymy | A figure of speech that replaces the name of one thing with the name of something else with which it is closely associated "Let me give you a hand" (hand means help) | 29 | |
| 4714961529 | Alliteration | A stylistic device in which a number of words, having the same first consonant sound, occur close together in a series (But a better butter makes a batter better.) | 30 | |
| 4714961530 | Onomatopoeia | A word which imitates the natural sounds of a thing (Whoosh goes the wind) | 31 | |
| 4714961531 | Subjective | Based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions | 32 | |
| 4714961532 | Objective | Done without showing personal feelings and thoughts and gives an unbiased and factual view | 33 | |
| 4714961533 | Cliché | An expression that has been overused to the extent that it loses its original meaning or novelty (The quiet before the storm) | 34 | |
| 4714961534 | Satire | The use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues (What's the use you learning to do right, when it's troublesome to do right and isn't no trouble to do wrong, and the wages is just the same?) | 35 | |
| 4714961535 | Parody | An imitation of the style of a particular writer, artist, or genre with deliberate exaggeration for comic effect (Stephen Colbert's "Hungry for Power" games is a parody of the movie "The Hunger Games") | 36 | |
| 4714961536 | Irony | A figure of speech in which words are used in such a way that their intended meaning is different from the actual meaning of the words; A situation that may end up in quite a different way than what is generally anticipated (The name of Britain's biggest dog was "Tiny") | 37 | |
| 4714961537 | Archetype | A typical character, an action or a situation that seems to represent universal patterns of human nature (Hero, motherly figure, innocent youth, scapegoat, villain) | 38 | |
| 4714961538 | Antistrophe | Involves the repetition of the same words at the end of consecutive phrases, clauses, sentences and paragraphs (When I was a child, I spake as a child, I understood as a child, I thought as a child.) | 39 | |
| 4714961539 | Polysyndeton | A stylistic device in which several coordinating conjunctions are used in succession in order to achieve an artistic effect (And Joshua, and all of Israel with him, took Achan the son of Zerah, and the silver, and the garment, and the wedge of gold, and his sons, and his daughters, and his oxen, and his asses, and his sheep, and his tent, and all that he had.) | 40 | |
| 4714961540 | Asyndeton | A stylistic device used in literature and poetry to intentionally eliminate conjunctions between the phrases and in the sentence, yet maintain the grammatical accuracy (This is the villain among you who deceived you, who cheated you, who meant to betray you completely.) | 41 | |
| 4714961541 | Deduction | Involves generalization at the initial stage and then moves on towards the specific case. The starting generalization must be based on reliable evidence to support it at the end | 42 | |
| 4714961542 | Induction | Involves a specific representative fact or case which is drawn towards a conclusion or generalization. Requires reliable and powerful evidence that is presented to support the point | 43 | |
| 4714961543 | Anaphora | The deliberate repetition of the first part of the sentence in order to achieve an artistic effect (My life is my purpose. My life is my goal. My life is my inspiration.) | 44 | |
| 4714961544 | Aphorism | A statement of truth or opinion expressed in a concise and witty manner (The man who removes a mountain begins by carrying away small stones.) | 45 | |
| 4714961545 | Epigram | A memorable, brief, interesting and surprising satirical statement (Mankind must put an end to war, or war will put and end to mankind.) | 46 | |
| 4714961546 | Analysis | The separating of any material or abstract entity into its constituent elements; A method of studying the nature of something or of determining its essential features and their relations | 47 | |
| 4714961547 | Argumentation | The action or process of reasoning systematically in support of an idea, action, or theory | 48 | |
| 4714961548 | Syllogism | Starts an argument with a reference to something general and from this it draws conclusion about something more specific All reptiles are cold-blooded animals. (Major premise) Lizard is a cold-blooded animal. (Minor premise) Therefore, lizard is a reptile. (Conclusion) | 49 | |
| 4714961549 | Enthymeme | An argumentative statement in which the writer or the speaker omits one of the major or minor premises, does not clearly pronounce it, or keeps this premise implied, but the omitted premise remains understandable He could not have committed this crime. (Major premise) I have known him since he was a child. (Minor premise) He is innocent by nature and, therefore, can never be a criminal. (Hidden premise) | 50 | |
| 4714961550 | Chiasmus | Two or more clauses are balanced against each other by the reversal of their structures in order to produce an artistic effect (Never let a Fool Kiss You or a Kiss Fool You.) | 51 | |
| 4714961551 | Ellipsis | Used in narratives to omit some parts of a sentence or event, which gives the reader a chance to fill the gaps while acting or reading it out (...) | 52 | |
| 4714961552 | Anadiplosis | Refers to the repetition of a word or words in successive clauses in such a way that the second clause starts with the same word which marks the end of the previous clause (This public school has a record of extraordinary reliability, a reliability that every other school is jealous of in the city.) | 53 | |
| 4714961553 | Epanalepsis | Repetition of same words at the start and end of a sentence (In times like these, it is helpful to remember that there have always been times like these.) | 54 | |
| 4714961554 | Antimetabole | A literary term or device that involves repeating a phrase in reverse order (If you fail to plan, you plan to fail.) | 55 | |
| 4714961555 | Allegory | A complete narrative which involves characters and events that stand for an abstract idea or an event (G.W Bush used the term "Axis of Evil" for three countries and later the term "allies" for those countries that would wage war against the "Axis.") | 56 | |
| 4714961556 | Simple Sentence | A sentence with one independent clause (He walked the dog.) | 57 | |
| 4714961557 | Compound Sentence | Contains two or more independent clauses (joined by a coordinating conjunction or semi colon) (Joe waited for the train, but the train was late.) | 58 | |
| 4714961558 | Complex Sentence | Contains one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses (contains subordinating conjunction) (While he waited at the train station, Joe realized that the train was late.) | 59 | |
| 4714961559 | Complex-Compound Sentence | Contains two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses (Though Mitchell prefers watching romantic films, he rented the latest spy thriller, and he enjoyed it very much.) | 60 | |
| 4714961560 | Declarative | Makes a statement or tells something (I am awesome.) | 61 | |
| 4714961561 | Exclamatory | Shows strong feeling or excitement ( ! ) (That is so cool!) | 62 | |
| 4714961562 | Interrogative | Asks a question ( ? ) (Where were you?) | 63 | |
| 4714961563 | Imperative | Commands something (Go buy me ice cream.) | 64 | |
| 4714961564 | Antecedent | An earlier clause, phrase, or word to which a pronoun, another word or a noun refers back to "While giving treats to children or friends, offer them whatever they like." ("they" refers to antecedents "children" and "friends") | 65 | |
| 4714961565 | Nostalgia | A sentimental longing or wistful affection for the past, typically for a period or place with happy personal associations | 66 | |
| 4714961566 | Dichotomy | Divides a thing into two equal and contradictory parts or between two opposing groups (The income of this company is increasing, while its revenue, on the other hand, is decreasing.) | 67 | |
| 4714961567 | Paradigm Shift | A fundamental change in approach or underlying assumptions | 68 | |
| 4714961568 | Enumerate | To mention separately as if in counting; Name one by one (Soccer teams: Barcelona, Real Madrid, Manchester United, Arsenal, Juventus, Bayern Munich) | 69 |
