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AP Language Vocabulary #12 Flashcards

6410611082	Aggression	hostile actions; an assault or attack	0
6410613993	Antipathy	dislike; loathing	1
6410613994	Ardor	passion; strong feeling	2
6410613995	Blithe	merry; carefree	3
6410613996	Dejected	disheartened; depressed; low	4
6410615923	Diffident	timid; lacking self-confidence	5
6410615924	Elation	high spirits; jubilation	6
6410617752	Fervent	intensely emotional; impassioned	7
6410617753	Fervor	passion; ardor	8
6410621428	Fluster	to ruffle or confuse	9
6410621429	Formidable	alarming or awe-inspiring; difficult to take on or to overcome	10
6410621430	Futile	useless; fruitless	11
6410621462	Hostility	opposition; enmity	12
6410623453	Insolent	arrogant and disrespectful	13
6410623454	Intolerant	unwilling to endure other ideas, actions, or conditions	14
6410623455	Revere	to have great respect for or devotion to	15
6410625296	Servile	slavish; submissive	16
6410625297	Skeptical	doubtful; questioning	17
6410627360	Stoic	detached; indifferent to pain or pleasure	18
6410627361	Tranquility	calm; peace	19
6410627362	Banal	lacking originality; stale	20
6410629445	Debonair	elegant; gracious; suave	21
6410629446	Disproportionate	not properly balanced in size, shape, or amount	22
6410632342	Ephemeral	short-lived; occurring only briefly	23
6410632343	Frothy	foamy	24
6410632344	Hackneyed	routine; overused	25
6410634342	Lustrous	radiant; bright	26
6410636218	Menial	pertaining to work that is appropriate to a servant; servile	27
6410636219	Moderate	not excessive; reasonable	28
6410638947	Nebulous	vague; lacking definite form	29
6410638948	Nocturnal	pertaining to or occurring at night	30
6410645303	Perfunctory	indifferent; done with little interest or care	31
6410645304	Pious	religious; devout	32
6410645305	Potent	powerful; convincing	33
6410645306	Preposterous	absurd; ridiculous	34
6410647860	Provincial	having to do with areas away from metropolises	35
6410647861	Quixotic	absurdly romantic and unrealistic	36
6410649688	Raucous	harsh; rough-sounding	37
6410649689	Secondary	after the first; not primary	38
6410658136	Superfluous	unnecessary; extra	39

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AP Spanish Literature Terms Flashcards

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6729215502	vanguardismo	refers to people or works that are experimental or innovative, particularly in regard to art , the culture , the politics , philosophy and literature.	0
6729215503	surrealismo	an artistic movement emerged in France from Dadaism , in the early 1920s , around the personality of the poet André Breton.	1
6729215504	postmodernismo	Post-postmodernism is a term applied to a wide range of developments in critical theory , philosophy , architecture , art , the literature and culture emerging from and reacting to the postmodernism . Another recent similar term is metamodernism.	2
6729215505	neoclasicismo	emerged in the eighteenth century to describe such negative movement aesthetic that came to be reflected in the arts , intellectual principles of the Enlightenment , since the mid- eighteenth century had been going on philosophy , and consequently had been transmitted to all areas of culture . However, coinciding with the decline of Napoleon Bonaparte , Neoclassicism was losing favor for the Romanticism .	3
6729215506	costumbrismo	the literary or pictorial interpretation of local everyday life, mannerisms, and customs, primarily in the Hispanic scene, and particularly in the 19th century.	4
6729215507	culteranismo	a stylistic movement of the Baroque period of Spanish history that is also commonly referred to as Gongorismo (after Luis de Góngora). It began in the late 16th century with the writing of Luis de Góngora and lasted through the 17th century.	5
6729215508	conceptismo	a literary movement of the Baroque period of Portuguese and Spanish literature. It began in the late 16th century and lasted through the 17th century. Conceptismo is characterized by a rapid rhythm, directness, simple vocabulary, witty metaphors, and wordplay.	6
6729215509	retruécano	Juegos de palabras; inversión de los términos de una cláusula o proposición en otra subsiguiente para que esta última choque con la anterior.	7
6729215510	sinestesia	Descripción de una sensación o imagen por medio de sensaciones percibidas por distintos órganos sensoriales, por ejemplo, vista y olfato.	8
6729215511	sinécdoque	Tipo de metáfora que usa una parte o cualidad de un objeto físico para representar todo el objeto.	9
6729215512	polisíndeton	Repetición de conjunciones para alargar la frase o hacer más `solemne la expresión.	10
6729215513	paradoja	Contraposición de dos conceptos contradictorios que expresan una verdad.	11
6729215514	metonimia	Un tipo de metáfora en la que la imagen se asocia con lo representado, pero no es parte de ello; la metonimia hace que el destinatario del mensaje haga la asociación.	12
6729215515	epíteto	Palabra o frase delante o después del nombre que sirve para caracterizar al personaje	13
6729215516	cacofonía	Uso de palabras que combinan sonidos desagradables, ásperos y cortantes.	14
6729215517	asíndeton	Omisión de conjunciones o palabras para suscitar viveza o energía.	15
6729215518	ironía dramática	Circunstancia en la que el lector o espectador sabe algo desconocido por un personaje y sabe o sospecha lo que ocurrirá antes de que lo sepa el personaje.	16
6729215519	silva	Poema no estrófico que combina versos de siete y once sílabas, entrelazados por rima consonante y versos libres.	17
6729215520	narrador fidedigno	Narrador digno de confianza, cuyo entendimiento de los personajes o las acciones del relato lo acredita para contar los hechos. Se ajusta a las normas que establece el autor implícito.	18
6729215521	leitmotiv	Repetición de una palabra, frase, situación o noción. Motivo recurrente en una obra.	19
6729215522	realismo mágico	Movimiento literario hispanoamericano surgido a mediados del siglo XX, caracterizado por la introducción de elementos fantásticos —sueños, superstición, mitos, magia— inmersos en una narrativa realista. Hay antecedentes importantes en los libros de caballería, como señalan algunos de los escritores de este movimiento.	20
6729215523	pícaro	Personaje de baja condición, astuto, ingenioso y de mal vivir que protagoniza la novela picaresca	21
6729215524	novela picaresca	Género literario narrativo en prosa de carácter pseudoautobiográfico muy característico de la literatura española. Nace como parodia de las novelas idealizadoras del Renacimiento y saca la sustancia moral, social y religiosa del contraste cotidiano entre dos estamentos, el de los nobles y el de los siervos. El protagonista, un pícaro de muy bajo rango social y descendiente de padres marginados o delincuentes, pretende mejorar su suerte y para ello recurre a la astucia y el engaño.	22
6729215525	naturalismo	Corriente literaria de mediados del siglo XIX que retrata al ser humano y su circunstancia con una objetividad científica. El ser humano carece de libre albedrío; su existencia está determinada por la herencia genética y el medio en el que vive. En cuanto a temas, abundan los asuntos fuertes y las bajas pasiones.	23
6729215526	modernismo	Movimiento literario hispanoamericano cuyo mayor exponente es Rubén Darío y que funde tres movimientos franceses: parnasianismo, simbolismo y romanticismo. Emplea una rica musicalidad verbal para expresar pasiones, visiones, ritmos y armonías internos.	24
6729215527	libro de caballerías	Género literario en prosa muy popular en España a mediados del siglo XVI, que celebra las hazañas de los caballeros andantes y contrapone a la fiereza guerrera un masoquismo amoroso inspirado en el amor cortés.	25
6729215528	Generación del 98	Grupo de novelistas, poetas, ensayistas y filósofos españoles, activos durante y después de la Guerra de Cuba (1898), que restauraron a España a una prominencia intelectual y literaria. Les era de gran importancia definir a España como una entidad cultural e histórica.	26
6729215529	Edad Media (medieval)	Período comprendido entre los siglos V y XV. En España se considera que la se cierra con la llegada de Colón a tierras americanas.	27
6729215530	boom	En la literatura hispanoamericana, un momento de gran auge de la creación de obras narrativas que inicia en 1940. La producción es muy variada y muchos de sus autores crearon best sellers internacionales y traducidos a múltiples idiomas. Una de las tendencias de esta literatura se corresponde con la denominada literatura del realismo mágico.	28
6729215531	barroco	Movimiento cultural español (1580-1700) caracterizado por su complejidad y su extravagante ornamentación, cuyo propósito era asombrar e incitar introspección	29
6729215532	hipérbaton	Alteración del orden normal sintáctico de las palabras en una oración.	30
6729215533	apóstrofe	Recurso en que el hablante se dirige a personas presentes o ausentes, a seres animados o a objetos inanimados	31
6729215534	antítesis	Yuxtaposición de una palabra, frase o idea a otra de significación contraria	32
6729215535	anáfora	Repetición de palabras en una sucesión de versos o enunciados.	33
6729215536	teatro del absurdo	Obra dramática basada en una situación sin sentido, en la que los personajes se enfrentan a situaciones que muestran la insensatez de la vida en un mundo deshumanizado.	34
6729215537	soneto	Poema de procedencia italiana que consiste en catorce versos endecasílabos repartidos en dos cuartetos y dos tercetos; el esquema más común es ABBA ABBA CDC DCD; otro es ABBA ABBA CDE CDE	35

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AP Language literary terms Flashcards

Here are 100+ literary terms every AP 11 student should know!

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6356673362	Ethos	Appeals to an audience's sense of morality/trust; Achieved by projecting an image of credibility which supports the speaker's position	0
6356673363	Pathos	Appeals to an audience's sense of emotion; Achieved by evoking a passionate response which supports the speaker's position	1
6356673364	Logos	Appeals to an audience's sense of intellect; Achieved by providing valid and relevant facts which support the speaker's position	2
6356673365	Classicism	Art or literature characterized by a realistic view of people and the world; sticks to traditional themes and structures	3
6356673366	Antecedent	The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.	4
6356673367	Active Voice	The subject of the sentence performs the action	5
6356673368	Denotation	The literal, explicit meaning of a word, without its connotations	6
6356673369	Connotation	Implied meaning rather than literal meaning	7
6356673370	Diction	Word choice, particularly as an element of style	8
6356673371	Abstract Language	Language describing ideas and qualities rather than observable or specific things, people or places.	9
6356673372	Analogy	A comparison to a directly parallel case	10
6356673373	Aphorism	A terse statement which expresses a general truth or moral principle	11
6356673374	Allusion	An indirect reference to something with which the reader is supposed to be familiar	12
6356673375	Ambiguity	An event or situation that may be interpreted in more than one way	13
6356673376	Concrete Language	Language that describes specific, observable things, peoples or places, rather than ideas or qualities	14
6356673377	Colloquial	Ordinary or familiar type of conversation; vernacular	15
6356673378	Allegory	A story, fictional or non fictional, in which characters, things, and events represent qualities or concepts	16
6356673379	Apostrophe	A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. The effect may add familiarity or emotional intensity.	17
6356673380	Anecdote	A brief recounting of a relevant episode	18
6356673381	Adage:	A folk saying with a lesson	19
6356673382	Attitude	Revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization	20
6356673383	Annotation	Explanatory notes added to a text to explain, clarify, or prompt further thought.	21
6356673384	Appositive	A word or group or words placed beside a noun or noun substitute to supplement its meaning	22
6356673385	Didactic	A term used to describe fiction, nonfiction or poetry that teaches a specific lesson or moral or provides a model of correct behavior or thinking	23
6356673386	Hyperbole	Exaggeration	24
6356673387	Epigram	A short poem with a clever twist at the end, or a concise and witty statement	25
6356673388	Figurative Language	The opposite of "literal language"; writing that is not meant to be taken literally	26
6356673389	Epigraph	A quotation or aphorism at the beginning of a literary work suggestive of theme.	27
6356673390	Homily	This term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.	28
6356673391	Genre	The major category into which a literary work fits.	29
6356673392	Imagery	Word or words that create a picture in the reader's mind.	30
6356673393	Verbal Irony	When you say something and mean the opposite/something different	31
6356673394	Jargon	The diction used by a group which practices a similar profession or activity	32
6356673395	Vernacular	Language or dialect of a particular country, language or dialect of a regional clan or group, plain everyday speech.	33
6356673396	Simile	Using words such as "like" or "as" to make a direct comparison between two very different things.	34
6356673397	Irony	When the opposite of what you expect to happen does	35
6356673398	Idiom	A common, often used expression that doesn't make sense if you take it literally.	36
6356673399	Explication	The act of interpreting or discovering the meaning of a text.	37
6356673400	Ellipsis	The deliberate omission of a word or phrase from prose done for effect by the author.	38
6356673401	Euphemism	A more agreeable or less offensive substitute for generally unpleasant words or concepts.	39
6356673402	Metaphor	Making an implied comparison, not using "like," "as," or other such words.	40
6356673403	Gothic	Writing characterized by gloom, mystery, fear and/or death.	41
6356673404	Invective	An emotional violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.	42
6356673405	Situational Irony	Found in the plot of a book, story, or movie	43
6356673406	Suspension of disbelief	The demand made that the reader accept the incidents recounted in the literary work	44
6356673407	Objectivity	An author's stance that distances himself from personal involvement.	45
6356673408	Oxymoron	When apparently contradictory terms are grouped together and suggest a paradox.	46
6356673409	Paradox	A seemingly contradictory statement which is actually true.	47
6356673410	Rhetoric	The art of effective communication.	48
6356673411	Antithesis	Two opposite or contrasting words, phrases, or clauses, or even ideas, with parallel structure.	49
6356673412	Parody	An exaggerated imitation of a serious work for humorous purposes.	50
6356673413	Passive Voice	The subject of the sentence receives the action.	51
6356673414	Pedantic	Observing strict adherence to formal rules or literal meaning at the expense of a wider view.	52
6356673415	Sarcasm	A generally bitter comment that is ironically worded	53
6356673416	Persona	The fictional mask or narrator that tells a story.	54
6356673417	Juxtaposition	Placing things side by side for the purposes of comparison.	55
6356673418	Romanticism	Art or literature characterized by an idealistic, perhaps unrealistic view of people and the world, and an emphasis on nature.	56
6356673419	Parallelism	Sentence construction which places equal grammatical construction near each other, or repeats identical grammatical patterns.	57
6356673420	Mood	The atmosphere created by the literature and accomplished through word choice.	58
6356673421	Anaphora	Repetition or a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row	59
6356673422	Semantics	The study of actual meaning in languages--especially the meanings of individual words and word combinations in phrases and sentences	60
6356673423	Rhetorical Question	A question not asked for information but for effect.	61
6356673424	Satire	A work that reveals a critical attitude toward some element of life to a humorous effect.	62
6356673425	Clause	A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb.	63
6356673426	Compound Sentence	Contains at least two independent clauses but no dependent clauses.	64
6356673427	Complex Sentence	Contains only one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.	65
6356673428	Balanced Sentence	One in which two parallel elements are set off against each other like equal weights on a scale.	66
6356673429	Interrogative Sentence	Sentences incorporating interrogative pronouns.	67
6356673430	Theme	The central idea or message of a work.	68
6356673431	Sentence	A group of words (including subject and verb) that expresses a complete thought.	69
6356673432	Simple Sentence	Contains one independent clause.	70
6356673433	Loose Sentence	A complex sentence in which the main clause comes first and the subordinate clause follows.	71
6356673434	Compound - Complex Sentence	Contains two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.	72
6356673435	Declarative Sentence	States an idea	73
6356673436	Periodic Sentence	When the main idea is not completed until the end of the sentence.	74
6356673437	Imperative Sentence	Issues a command	75
6356673438	Litotes	A particular form of understatement, generated by denying the opposite of the statement which otherwise would be used.	76
6356673439	Transition	Smooth movement from one paragraph (or idea) to another.	77
6356673440	Understatement	The ironic minimizing of fact, presents something as less significant than it is.	78
6356673441	Syntax	Grammatical arrangement of words.	79
6356673442	Thesis	The sentence or groups of sentences that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or proposition.	80
6356673443	Style	The choices in diction, tone, and syntax that a writer makes	81
6356673444	Symbol	Anything that represents or stands for something else.	82
6356673445	Claim	A statement or assertion that is open to challenge and that requires support	83
6356673446	Parenthetical phrase/idea	Interrupts the flow of a sentence with some commentary or added detail.	84
6356673447	Rhetorical modes	Describe the variety, conventions, and purposes of the major kinds of writing. Four of the most common are exposition, argumentation, description, and narration.	85
6356673448	Kairos	The opportune time and/or place, the right or appropriate time to say or do the right or appropriate thing.	86
6356673449	Argumentation	The interdisciplinary study of how conclusions can be reached through logical reasoning; that is, claims based, soundly or not, on premises. It includes the arts and sciences of civil debate, dialogue, conversation, and persuasion.	87
6356673450	Caricature	The exaggeration of specific features of appearance or personality	88
6356673451	Conceit	A comparison of two unlikely things that is drawn out within a piece of literature, in particular an extended metaphor within a piece of literature.	89
6356673452	Description	The picturing in words of something or someone through detailed observation of color, motion, sound, taste, smell, and touch; one of the four modes of discourse.	90
6356673453	Metonymy	A figure of speech in which a person, place, or thing, is referred to by something closely associated with it.	91
6356673454	Narration	The act of telling a story, whether in prose or in verse, and the means by which that telling is accomplished.	92
6356673455	Prose	The ordinary form of spoken and written language whose unit is the sentence, rather than the line as it is in poetry. The term applies to all expressions in language that do not have a regular rhythmic pattern.	93
6356673456	Inference	Interpreting or drawing a conclusion.	94
6356673457	Generic conventions	Traditions for each genre. These help to define each genre; they differentiate an essay and journalistic writing or an autobiography and political writing; the unique feature of a writer's work from those dictated by convention.	95
6356673458	Extended metaphor	A sustained comparison, often referred to as a conceit, developed throughout a piece of writing.	96
6356673459	Exposition	The immediate revelation to the audience of the setting and other background information necessary for understanding the plot; also, explanation; one of the four modes of discourse.	97
6356673460	Independent clause	A clause that can stand by itself, also known as a simple sentence; contains a subject and a predicate; it makes sense by itself.	98
6356673461	Subordinate clause	Also called a dependent clause—will begin with a subordinate conjunction or a relative pronoun and will contain both a subject and a verb. This combination of words will not form a complete sentence. It will instead make a reader want additional information to finish the thought.	99
6356673462	Asyndeton	A figure of speech in which one or several conjunctions are omitted from a series of related clauses.	100
6356673463	Alliteration	Sequential repetition of similar sounds	101
6356673464	Assonance	Repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds	102
6356673465	Begging the question	Ploy where the arguer sidesteps questions or conflicts, evading or ignoring the question	103
6356673466	Canon	That which has been accepted as authentic	104
6356673467	Consonance	Repetition of two or more consonants	105
6356673468	Convention	Accepted manner, model, or tradition	106
6356673469	Deductive reasoning	Argument in which specific statements/conclusions are drawn from general principles: movement from general to specific	107
6356673470	Dialect	Language and speech idiosyncrasies of a specific area, region, or group of people	108
6356673471	Elegy	Poetic lamentation upon a death of a particular person	109
6356673472	Epistrophe	Repetition of a phrase at the end of a sentence	110
6356673473	Eulogy	Speech in prose in praise of a deceased person	111
6356673474	Inductive reasoning	Argument in which general conclusions are drawn from specific facts	112
6356673475	Onomatopoeia	Words that sound like what it desscribes	113
6356673476	Personification	Giving human qualities to abstract idea/nonhuman object	114
6356673477	Point of view	Relation of narrator/author to the subject	115
6356673478	Realism	Describing nature/life without idealization	116
6356673479	Rebuttal/refutation	Countering of anticipated arguments	117
6356673480	Synecdoche	When part is used to signify a whole	118
6356673481	Anachronism	An event, object, custom, person, or thing that is out of order in time	119
6356673482	Authority	Support for an argument that is based on recognized experts in the field	120
6356673483	Burlesque	Broad parody; whereas parody will imitate and exaggerate a specific work, this will take an entire style or form (such as myth) and exaggerate it into ridiculousness	121
6356673484	Cacophony	Harsh, awkward, or dissonant sounds used deliberately in poetry or prose	122
6356673485	Coherence	Quality of a piece of writing in which all the parts contribute to the development of the central idea, theme, or organizing principle	123
6356673486	Conundrum	A riddle whose answer is or involves a pun; it may also be a paradox or difficult problem	124
6356673487	Discourse	Spoken or written language, including literary works; the four traditionally classified modes are description, exposition, narration, and persuasion	125
6356673488	Dissonance	Harsh or grating sounds that do not go together	126
6356673489	Euphony	A succession of harmonious sounds used in poetry or prose	127
6356673490	Exemplum	A brief tale used in medieval times to illustrate a sermon or teach a lesson	128
6356673491	Figures of speech	Expressions, such as similes, metaphors, and personification, that make imaginative, rather than literal, comparisons or associations	129
6356673492	Folklore	Traditional stories, songs, dances, and customs that are preserved among a people; usually precedes literature, being passed down orally from generation to generation until recorded by scholars	130
6356673493	Ad hominem argument/ad hominem fallacy	From the Latin meaning "to or against the man," this appeals to emotion rather than reason, to feeling rather than intellect; when a person's character or motive is attacked rather than the argument itself	131
6356673494	Hubris	The excessive pride or ambition that leads a tragic hero to disregard warnings of impending doom, eventually causing his or her downfall	132
6356673495	Motif	Main theme or subject of a work that is elaborated on in the development of the piece; a repeated pattern or idea	133
6356673496	Parable	A short tale that teaches a moral; similar to but shorter than an allegory	134
6356673497	Persuasion	A form of argumentation, one of the four modes of discourse; language intended to convince through appeals to reason or emotion	135
6356673498	Regionalism	An element in literature that conveys a realistic portrayal of a specific geographic locale, using the locale and its influences as a major part of the plot	136
6356673499	Stereotype	A character who represents a trait that is usually attributed to a particular social or racial group and who lacks individuality	137
6356673500	Subjectivity	A personal presentation of events and characters, influenced by the author's feelings and opinions	138
6356673501	Zeugma	Using a single verb to refer to two different objects in an ungrammatical but striking way, or artfully using an adjective to refer to two separate nouns, even though the adjective would logically only be appropriate for one of the two.	139
6356673502	ad populum fallacy	(Latin for "to the crowd") a fallacy of logic in which the widespread occurrence of something is assumed to make it true or right	140
6356673503	appeal to authority	citation of information from people recognized for their special knowledge of a subject for the purpose of strengthening a speaker or writer's arguments.	141
6356673504	cause and effect	examination of the causes and/or effects of a situation or phenomenon	142
6356673505	chronological ordering	arrangement in the order in which things occur; may move from past to present or in reverse chronological order, from present to past	143
6356673506	classification as a means of ordering	arrangement of objects according to class	144
6356673507	damning with faint praise	intentional use of a positive statement that has a negative implication	145
6356673508	digression	a temporary departure from the main subject in speaking or writing	146
6356673509	false dilemma/false dichotomy	a type of informal fallacy in which something is falsely claimed to be an either/or situation, when in fact there is at least one additional option	147
6356673510	inverted syntax or inversion	an interchange of position of adjacent objects in a sequence, especially a change in normal word order, such as the placement of a verb before its subject	148
6356673511	non sequitur	a statement that does not follow logically from what preceded it	149
6356673512	order of importance	a method of organizing a paper according to the relative significance of the subtopics	150
6356673513	post hoc fallacy	occurs when the writer assume that an incident that precedes another is the cause of the second incident.	151
6356673514	spatial ordering	organization of information using spatial cues such as top to bottom, left to right, etc.	152
6356673515	syllogism	a form of reasoning in which two statements or premises are made and a logical conclusion is drawn from them; a form of deductive reasoning.	153
6356673516	hasty generalization	occurs when the proponent uses too small of a sample size to support a sweeping generalization.	154
6356673517	missing the point	the premise of the argument supports a specific conclusion but not the one the author draws.	155
6356673518	spotlight fallacy	occurs when the author assumes that the cases that receive the most publicity are the most common cases	156
6356673519	straw man fallacy	the author puts forth one of his opponent's weaker, less central arguments forward and destroys it, while acting like this argument is the crux of the issue	157
6356673520	equivocation	Using an ambiguous term in more than one sense, thus making an argument misleading.	158
6356673521	atmostphere	the emotional mood created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the author's choice of objects that are described.	159
6356673522	chiasmus	inverted parallelism; two clauses are related to each other through a reversal of terms (i.e. "ask not what your country can do for you - ask what you can do for your country."_	160
6356673523	predicate adjective	an adjective or group of adjectives that follows a linking verb; it is in the predicate of the sentence and modifies or describes the subject	161
6356673524	predicate nominative	a noun or group of nouns that renames the subject that follows a linking verb; it is in the predicate of the sentence	162
6356673525	repetition	the duplication, either exact or approximate, of any element of language such as sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern	163
6356673526	rhetorical appeal	the persuasive device by which a writer tries to sway the audience's attention and response to any given work	164
6356673527	subject compliment	the word with any accompanying phrases or clause that follows a linking verb and completes the sentence	165
6356673528	meiosis	Greek term for understatement or belittling; referring to something as less important than it really deserves	166
6356673529	wit	intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights usually in terse language	167
6356673530	idyll	a short, descriptive narrative, usually a poem, about an idealized country life (also called a pastoral)	168
6356673531	interior monologue	writing that records the conversation that occurs inside a character's head	169
6356673532	naturalism	portrays humans as having no free will, being driven by the natural forces of heredity, environment, and animalistic urges over which they have no control	170
6356673533	suspension of disbelief	the demand made that the reader accept the incidents recounted in the literary work	171
6356673534	unity	quality of a piece of writing (also coherence)	172
6356673535	voice	the way a written work conveys the author's attitude	173
6356673536	qualify	to describe by specifying the characteristics or qualities of; characterize	174
6356673537	parallel structure	using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance	175
6356673538	prepositional phrase	a phrase that consists of a preposition and its object and has adjectival or adverbial value	176
6356673539	pronoun	a function word that is used in place of a noun or noun phrase	177
6356673540	Ad Hoc	used for the particular end or case at hand without consideration of wider application	178
6356673541	participial phrase	includes the participle and the object of the participle or any words modified by or related to the participle.	179
6356673542	circular reasoning or circular logicl	a use of reason in which the premises depends on or is equivalent to the conclusion, a method of false logic by which "this is used to prove that, and that is used to prove this"	180

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The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules Flashcards

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5692462620	antiparallel	Referring to the arrangement of the sugar-phosphate backbones in a DNA double helix (they run in opposite 5′ → 3′ directions).	0
5692465519	chitin	A structural polysaccharide, consisting of amino sugar monomers, found in many fungal cell walls and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods.	1
5692465520	catalyst	A chemical agent that selectively increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.	2
5692468571	double helix	The form of native DNA, referring to its two adjacent antiparallel polynucleotide strands wound around an imaginary axis into a spiral shape.	3
5692472429	enzyme	A macromolecule serving as a catalyst, a chemical agent that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction. Most enzymes are proteins.	4
5692478481	fat	A lipid consisting of three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule; also called a triacylglycerol or triglyceride.	5
5692481743	fatty acid	A carboxylic acid with a long carbon chain. Fatty acids vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds; three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form a fat molecule, also known as a triacylglycerol or triglyceride.	6
5692481744	glycogen	An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.	7
5692485436	glycosidic linkage	A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.	8
5692488385	hydrolysis	A chemical reaction that breaks bonds between two molecules by the addition of water; functions in disassembly of polymers to monomers.	9
5692493478	lipid	Any of a group of large biological molecules, including fats, phospholipids, and steroids, that mix poorly, if at all, with water.	10
5692497386	monomer	The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.	11
5692497387	Monosaccharide	The simplest carbohydrate, active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars, monosaccharides have molecular formulas that are generally some multiple of CH2O.	12
5692500518	nucleic acid	A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and, through the actions of proteins, for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA.	13
5692505691	nucleotide	The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and one or more phosphate groups.	14
5692505692	peptide bond	The covalent bond between the carboxyl group on one amino acid and the amino group on another, formed by a dehydration reaction.	15
5692508798	phospholipid	A lipid made up of glycerol joined to two fatty acids and a phosphate group. The hydrocarbon chains of the fatty acids act as nonpolar, hydrophobic tails, while the rest of the molecule acts as a polar, hydrophilic head. Phospholipids form bilayers that function as biological membranes.	16
5692515651	polymer	A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together by covalent bonds.	17
5692515652	polynucleotide	A polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers in a chain. The nucleotides can be those of DNA or RNA.	18
5692518760	polypeptide	A polymer of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.	19
5692523798	polysaccharide	A polymer of many monosaccharides, formed by dehydration reactions.	20
5692523799	protein	A biologically functional molecule consisting of one or more polypeptides folded and coiled into a specific three-dimensional structure.	21
5692526506	purine	One of two types of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides, characterized by a six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring. Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines.	22
5692530904	pyrimidine	One of two types of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides, characterized by a six-membered ring. Cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U) are pyrimidines.	23
5692534966	ribonucleic acid (RNA)	A type of nucleic acid consisting of a polynucleotide made up of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis, gene regulation, and as the genome of some viruses.	24
5692534967	ribose	The sugar component of RNA nucleotides.	25
5692538684	sickle-cell disease	A recessively inherited human blood disorder in which a single nucleotide change in the β-globin gene causes hemoglobin to aggregate, changing red blood cell shape and causing multiple symptoms in afflicted individuals.	26
5692542201	trans fat	An unsaturated fat, formed artificially during hydrogenation of oils, containing one or more trans double bonds.	27
5692546448	triacylglycerol	A lipid consisting of three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule; also called a fat or triglyceride.	28
5692551176	unsaturated fatty acid	A fatty acid that has one or more double bonds between carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.	29
5692553751	X-ray crystallography	A technique used to study the three-dimensional structure of molecules. It depends on the diffraction of an X-ray beam by the individual atoms of a crystallized molecule.	30

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The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules Flashcards

This flashcard set includes the vocabulary words and definitions from Chp 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules (Biology 9E by Campbell et al, 2011). Visit my website for more biology and anatomy resources!
http://robswatski.virb.com

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5400108214	macromolecule	a giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules, usually by a condensation reaction	0
5400108215	polymer	a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together	1
5400108216	monomer	the subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer	2
5400108218	dehydration reaction	a chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule	3
5400108219	hydrolysis	a chemical process that lyses, or splits, molecules by the addition of water, functioning in disassembly of polymers to monomers	4
5400108220	carbohydrate	a sugar, such as a monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide	5
5400108221	monosaccharide	the simplest carbohydrate, also known as a simple sugar, active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides	6
5400108222	disaccharide	a double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic linkage formed during dehydration synthesis	7
5400108224	polysaccharide	a polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides, formed by dehydration reactions	8
5400108225	starch	a storage polysaccharide in plants, consisting entirely of glucose monomers joined by a glycosidic linkage	9
5400108226	glycogen	an extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals	10
5400108227	cellulose	a structural polysaccharide of plant cell walls, consisting of glucose monomers joined by beta glycosidic linkages	11
5400108228	chitin	a structural polysaccharide, consisting of amino sugar monomers, found in many fungal cell walls and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods	12
5400108229	lipid	one of a group of compounds, including fats, phospholipids, and steroids, that mix poorly, if at all, with water	13
5400108230	fat	a lipid consisting of three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule	14
5400108231	fatty acid	a long carbon chain carboxylic acid that vary in length and in the number and location of double covalent bonds	15
5400108233	saturated fatty acid	a molecule in which all carbons in its hydrocarbon tail are connected by single covalent bonds, thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that are attached to the carbon skeleton	16
5400108234	unsaturated fatty acid	a molecule possessing one or more double covalent bonds between the carbons in its hydrocarbon tail, which reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton	17
5400108235	trans fat	an unsaturated fat containing one or more trans double bonds	18
5400108236	phospholipid	a molecule made up of glycerol joined to two fatty acid tails and a phosphate group, which form bilayers that function as biological membranes	19
5400108237	steroid	a type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various chemical groups attached	20
5400108238	cholesterol	a steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids, such as hormones	21
5400108239	protein	a functional biological molecule consisting of one or more polypeptides folded and coiled into a specific three-dimensional structure	22
5400108240	polypeptide	a polymer of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds	23
5400108241	enzyme	a macromolecule that functions in the selective acceleration of chemical reactions	24
5400108242	catalyst	a chemical agent that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction	25
5400108243	amino acid	an organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups, that serves as the monomers of polypeptides	26
5400108252	peptide bond	the covalent bond between the carboxyl group on one amino acid and the amino group on the next, formed by a dehydration reaction	27
5400108263	denaturation	a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native shape under extreme conditions of pH, salt concentration, or temperature, thereby becoming biologically inactive	28
5400108268	gene	a discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA	29
5400108269	nucleic acid	a polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers, serving as a blueprint for proteins, and, through the actions of proteins, for all cellular activities; the two types are DNA and RNA	30
5400108270	deoxyribonucleic acid	a double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule consisting of nucleotide monomers with a deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T); capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins	31
5400108271	ribonucleic acid	a type of single-stranded nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U); functions in protein synthesis, gene regulation, and as the genome of some viruses	32
5400108272	nucleotide	the building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group	33
5400108276	ribose	the sugar component of RNA nucleotides	34
5400108277	deoxyribose	the sugar component of DNA nucleotides	35

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AP Language List 01 Flashcards

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6353053186	Allegory	Story in which everything is a symbol.	0
6353056069	Zeugma	Figure of speech where a word applies to more than one noun (logically different ideas)."You took my heart and my keys and my patience."	1
6353062472	Colloquial	Informal language.	2
6353065676	Diatribe	Verbal attack.	3
6353067052	Euphemism	Makes something bad sound better. "The old man passed away."	4
6353069167	Homily	Serious talk, speech, or lecture providing moral or spiritual advice.	5
6353079058	Litote	Understatement for rhetorical effect.	6
6353082487	Oxymoron	Contradictory terms that appear in conjunction, creates dramatic effect.	7
6353087954	Paradox	Statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory but is actually a possible truth.	8
6353103566	Vernacular	Language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular region.	9
6353105111	Understatement	Deliberate expression of an ideas as less important than it actually is.	10
6353106049	Rhetorical question	Questions that prompt thought or focus discussion and are not meant to be answered literally.	11
6353110410	Alliteration	Repetition of the same initial letter, sound, or group of sounds in a series.	12
6353114780	Allusion	Reference within a work to something famous outside it (like event, story, work of art, literature, person, pop culture).	13
6353118839	Pun	Play on words that have the same sound but have different meanings, usually witty or humorous.	14
6353127065	Archetype	Recurrent image, symbol, or character that is an expression of human nature and experiences that are universal.	15
6353133562	Assonance	Repeating a vowel sound throughout a sentence phrase, paragraph, or piece of writing.	16
6353136528	Diction	Choice or style of words in speech or writing.	17
6353138515	Anecdote	Short account of a particular incident or event.	18
6353139397	Anitclimax	Opposite of climax and signifies a descent from the higher to the lower. Often following a crisis, tension level decreases.	19

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AP English Language Vocabulary Flashcards

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6785907914	allegory	a narrative in which the characters behavior and even the setting demonstrate multiple levels of meaning and significance	0
6785912770	alliteration	the sequential repetition of a similar initial sound usually applied to consonants usually in closely proximate stressed syllables	1
6785915250	allusion	a literary historical religious or mythological reference in a work of literature	2
6785916934	anaphora	the regular repetition of the same words or phrases at the beginning of successive phrases or clauses	3
6785919447	antithesis	the juxtaposition of sharply contrasting ideas in balanced or parallel words, phrases, grammatical structure, or ideas	4
6785921478	aphorism	a concise statement designed to make a point or illustrate a commonly held belief i.e. spare the rod and spoil the child	5
6785923362	apostrophe	an address or invocation to something inanimate	6
6785930663	appeals to logic, emotion, authority	speaker claims to be an authority in a field, attempts to play on emotions, or appeals to reason. Also called logos, pathos, ethos	7
6785934880	assonance	repetition of similar vowel sounds in successive or proximate words	8
6785937293	asyndeton	conjunctions are omitted in a series, producing a more rapid prose	9
6785939076	attitude	sense expressed by the tone, voice, or mood of a passage; the author's feeling to the events, characters, or ideas in the book	10
6785944116	begging the question	the arguer sidesteps the question or the conflict	11
6785945842	canon	that which has been accepted as authentic	12
6785946619	chiasmus	a figure of speech and generally a syntactical structure wherein the order of the terms in the first half of a parallel clause is reversed in the second. Ex. he thinks I am but a fool. A fool, perhaps I am.	13
6785952029	colloquial	term identifying the diction of common, ordinary folks, especially in a specific region or area	14
6785958207	comparison and contrast	a mode of discourse in which two or more things are compared, contrasted, or both.	15
6785959665	conceit	a comparison of two unlikely things that is drawn out within a piece of literature, in particular an extended metaphor within a poem	16
6785962640	connotation	the implied, suggested, or underlying meaning of a word or phrase	17
6785963489	consonance	the repetition of two or more consonants with a change in the intervening vowels, such as pitter-patter or splish-splash	18
6785965533	convention	an accepted manner, model, or tradition	19
6785966575	critique	an assessment or analysis of something, such as a passage of writing, for the purpose of determining what it is, its limitations, and its conformity to the standard	20
6785970182	deduction	argument in which specific statements are made from general principles	21
6785972488	dialect	the language and speech of a specific area, region, or group	22
6785973638	diction	the specific word choice an author uses to persuade or convey tone, purpose, or effect	23
6785977525	didactic	writing that has an instructive purpose or a lesson, usually associated with pompous presentation	24
6785980601	elegy	a poem or prose work that laments or meditates upon the death of a person or persons	25
6785982636	epistrophe	in rhetoric the repetition of a phrase at the end of successive sentences	26
6785984612	epitaph	writing in praise of a dead person	27
6785985363	ethos	appeal of a text to the credibility and character of the speaker	28
6785987687	eulogy	a speech or written passage in praise of a person; an oration in honor of a deceased person NOTE: Elegy laments, eulogy praises	29
6785991312	euphemism	An indirect, kinder, or less harsh or hurtful way of expressing unpleasant information	30
6785997545	exposition	writing that explains its own meaning or purpose	31
6785999915	extended metaphor	a series of comparisons within a piece of writing, also known as conceit	32
6786003777	figurative language	levels of meaning expressed through figures of speech	33
6786005024	flashback or retrospection	an earlier event is inserted into the normal chronology of the narration	34
6786006630	genre	a type or class of literature	35
6786007510	homily	a sermon, but more contemporary uses include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual life	36
6786010702	hyperbole	overstatement characterized by by exaggerated language	37
6786012154	imagery	any sensory detail or evocation in a work; the use of figurative language to evoke a feeling, call to mind an idea, or to describe an object	38
6786015412	induction	general statements and conclusions are drawn from specific principles	39
6786018742	inference	a conclusion or proposition arrived at by considering facts, observations, or other data	40
6786020295	irony	Verbal: what is said is opposite of what is meant Situational: Events are opposite of what is expected Dramatic: facts are known to the audience but not to characters	41
6786024142	isocolon	parallel structure in which the parallel elements are parallel in structure and length. Ex. "many are called, but few are chosen"	42
6786027559	jargon	specialized language of a trade, profession, or similar group	43
6786029121	juxtaposition	location of one thing adjacent to another to reveal and effect or attitude	44
6786045478	litote	a figure of speech that emphasizes its subject by conscious understatement	45
6786048356	loose sentence	a long sentence that starts with its main clause, which is followed by several dependent clauses and modifying phrases	46
6786051104	metaphor	one thing pictured as if it were something else, suggesting an analogy or likeness. Does not use a verbal signal.	47
6786054901	metonymy	a figure of speech in which an attribute or commonly associated feature is used to name or designate something Ex. "Buckingham Palace announced today..."	48
6786058352	mode of discourse	the way in which information is presented in written or spoken form	49
6786059597	mood	a feeling or ambience resulting from the tone of a piece as well as the writer/narrator's attitude and point of view	50
6786063571	narrative	mode of discourse that tells a story of some sort, based on sequences of connected events	51
6786065515	onomatopoeia	a word capturing or approximating the sound of what it describes	52
6786067322	oxymoron	figure of speech that combines two apparently contradictory elements, as in "wise fool"	53
6786069467	paradox	statement that seems contradictory but is probably true "fight for peace"	54
6786071897	parallel structure	the use of similar forms in writing for nouns, verbs, phrases, or thoughts	55
6786073846	pathos	the element in literature that stimulates pity or sorrow	56
6786075564	periodic sentence	a long sentence in which the main clause is not completed until the end	57
6786079489	personification	treating an abstraction or nonhuman object as if it were a person by endowing it with human features or qualities	58
6786081474	point of view	the relation in which a narrator/author stands to a subject of discourse	59
6786083432	prose	the ordinary form of written language without metrical structure	60
6786084713	realism	attempting to describe nature and life without idealization and with attention to detail	61
6786086371	rebuttal/refutation	an argument technique wherein opposing arguments are anticipated and countered	62
6786089461	rhetoric	the art of using words to persuade in writing or speaking	63
6786090706	rhetorical question	a question that is asked simply for the sake of stylistic effect and is not expected to be answered	64
6786093655	sarcasm	form of verbal irony in which apparent praise is actually critical	65
6786095057	satire	a literary work that holds up human failings to ridicule and censure	66
6786097945	simile	direct, explicit comparison of one thing to another, usually using the words like or as to draw the connection	67
6786099977	style	the manner in which the writer combines and arranges words, shapes ideas, and utilizes syntax and structure. It is the distinctive manner of expression that represents that author's typical writing style	68
6786108660	symbolism	use of a person, place, thing, or event that figuratively represents something else, usually more abstract	69
6786113572	synecdoche	figure of speech in which a part signifies the whole, such as 50 masts representing 50 ships	70
6786117448	syntax	the way words are put together to form phrases, clauses, and sentences, establishes tone and attitude	71
6786123609	theme	the central or dominant idea or focus of a work	72
6786124484	tone	the attitude that the narrator/writer takes toward a subject and theme	73
6786128529	voice	the acknowledged or unacknowledged source of the words of the story	74
6786130567	zeguma		75

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AP World History Chapter 11 Flashcards

Traditions and Encounters. Bentley, Ziegler

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5779852216	Paul's case was transferred to Rome because	as a Roman citizen Paul had the right to appeal his case to Rome, which he did.	0
5779852217	According to legend, Rome was founded by	Romulus.	1
5779852218	During its early history, Rome was dominated by the	Etruscans	2
5779852219	In the early stages of the Roman republic the patricians elected two	consuls	3
5779852220	Which group, in an effort to alleviate social tensions, was allowed to elect two and then later ten tribunes?	plebeians	4
5779852221	During times of crisis the Romans would appoint an official with absolute power known as a(n)	dictator.	5
5779852222	The Roman policy toward conquered peoples was	generous, with the potential for citizenship.	6
5779852223	In the early period of Roman expansion, the principle power in the western Mediterranean was the	Carthaginians	7
5779852224	During the Punic Wars, the Romans first fought the Carthaginians over the most important source of grain in the western Mediterranean. Where was it?	Sicily	8
5779852225	Rome's monumental struggle with the Carthaginians was known as the	Punic Wars.	9
5779852226	The turning point in Roman history was their struggle, in the Punic Wars, with the	Carthaginians.	10
5779852227	Of the following groups, which did not engage in conflict with the Romans during Roman expansion into the Mediterranean?the Carthaginians, the Antigonids, the Seleucids, the Spartans	None of these answers is correct.	11
5779852228	Latifundia were	enormous plantations worked by slaves.	12
5779852229	The tribune whose call for land reform led to his assassination in 132 B.C.E. was	Tiberius Gracchus.	13
5779852230	Gaius Marius	created an army of common men who were loyal only to him.	14
5779852231	The leader who, supported by the Roman aristocrats, led a slaughter of more than ten thousand of his political enemies was	Lucius Cornelius Sulla.	15
5779852232	In regard to political philosophy, Julius Caesar	favored liberal policies and social reform.	16
5779852233	After naming himself dictator in 46 B.C.E., Julius Caesar did all of the following EXCEPT	launch large-scale building projects in Rome, give land to the conservatives to win their favor, extend Roman citizenship to peoples in the imperial provinces, appoint some Gauls to the Roman senate, seize land from the conservatives and distribute it to his army veterans.:give land to the conservatives to win their favor.	17
5779852234	Octavian was able to restore order to the Roman world with his victory in 31 B.C.E. at	Actium.	18
5779852235	Augustus was able to reunify the empire after defeating his main rivals, who were	Mark Antony and Cleopatra.	19
5779852236	The last of the Ptolemaic rulers was	Cleopatra.	20
5779852237	The government established by Augustus Caesar	was a monarchy disguised as a republic.	21
5779852238	The Roman conquest of Gaul, Germany, Britain, and Spain	stimulated the development of the local economies and states.	22
5779852239	The period known as the pax romana was started by	Augustus Caesar.	23
5779852240	The reign of Augustus inaugurated a period known as the	pax romana.	24
5779852241	The most important early Roman historian for the empire was	Tacitus.	25
5779852242	The Romans had a long tradition of written law, stretching back to 449 B.C.E. and the creation of the	Twelve Tables.	26
5779852243	All of the following were foundations of Roman law EXCEPT- the principle that defendants were innocent until proven guilty, the notion that defendants had a right to challenge their accusers before a judge in a court of law, the right of a patrician to transfer out of a plebeian court, the ability of judges to set aside laws that were inequitable	the right of a patrician to transfer out of a plebeian court.	27
5779852244	Periplus maris erythraei is	a description of Red Sea, African, and Indian ports.	28
5779852245	The term paterfamilias refers to	the patriarchal nature of the Roman family.	29
5779852246	By the second century C.E., how much of the total population of the Roman empire was represented by slaves?	one-third	30
5779852247	In 73 B.C.E., Spartacus	raised an army of seventy thousand rebellious slaves	31
5779852248	Vesta was the Roman goddess of	the hearth.	32
5779852249	The Roman thinker Marcus Tullius Cicero is most associated with what Hellenistic school of thought?	Stoicism	33
5779852250	The most prominent school of moral philosophy in Rome was	Stoicism.	34
5779852251	Mithras was	a Zoroastrian sun god whose cult was popular in Rome.	35
5779852252	Which of the following religions was NOT popular during the Roman empire?	Islam	36
5779852253	From 66 to 70 C.E., the Romans fought a bloody war with the	Jews.	37
5779852254	The Essenes were	a Jewish sect that looked for the appearance of a savior.	38
5779852255	Jesus of Nazareth's followers called him "Christ," which meant	"the anointed one."	39
5779852256	The phrase "the kingdom of God is at hand" is associated with	Jesus of Nazareth	40
5779852257	The leading figure in the expansion of Christianity beyond Judaism was	Paul of Tarsus.	41

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AP Lit Figurative Language Flashcards

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6433359357	Speaker	The voice behind the poem	0
6433359358	Invented persona	The person who is understood to be speaking a particular work	1
6433359359	Subject	The main theme of the poem	2
6433359360	Denotation	Literal meaning	3
6433359361	Connotation	Figurative meaning	4
6433359362	Imagery	The use of figures of speech which are concrete , always refers to sensory experience	5
6433359363	Metaphor	Two unlike things compared directly, implying several similar qualities	6
6433359364	Simile	Two unlike things compared using like or as, implying only one similar quality	7
6433359365	Personification	Giving human qualities to inanimate objects or nonhuman creatures	8
6433359366	Apostrophe	Addressing some abstract object as if it were animate	9
6433359367	Allusion	Referring metaphorically to persons, places, or things from history or previous literature, with which the reader is expected to have enough familiarity to make extended associations	10
6433359368	Allegory	A form of extended metaphor in which objects, persons, and actions in a narrative are equated with meanings that lie outside the narrative itself	11
6433359369	Conceit	An extended or elaborate metaphor which forms the framework of an entire poem with all comparisons being interrelated in some way	12
6433359370	Symbolism	The use of one object to represent or suggest another object or idea	13
6433359371	Occasion	An environment of ideas, attitudes, and emotions that swirl around a broad issue	14
6433359372	Paraphrase	A restatement of speech or writing that retains the basic meaning while changing the words	15
6433359373	Tone	Attitude of a writer toward the subject or an audience	16
6433359374	Metonymy	Substitution of one word for another closely related word	17
6433359375	Hyperbole	Saying more than is true, an over-exaggeration	18
6433359376	Irony	Saying the opposite to what is true	19
6433359377	Antithesis	Using contrasts for an accumulate effect	20
6433359378	Paradox	A statement which while seemingly contradictory or absurd may actually be well-founded or true	21
6433359379	Pun	A play on words based on the similarity of sound between two words with different meanings	22

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AP English language Terms Flashcards

Personification The assigning of human qualities to inanimate objects or concepts. An example: Wordsworth's "the sea that bares her bosom to the moon."
Antithesis the presentation of two contrasting images. The ideas are balanced by phrase, clause, or paragraphs. "To be or not to be . . ." "It was the best of times; it was the worst of times . . ." "Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country . . ."
Oxymoron From the Greek for "pointedly foolish," ___ is a figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms. Simple examples include "jumbo shrimp" and "cruel kindness."
Sarcasm from the Greek meaning "to tear flesh," ___ involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something. It may use irony as a device.
Synecdoche . a figure of speech that utilizes a part as representative of the whole. "All hands on deck" is an example.
Hyperbole a figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement
Anaphora repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row. This is a deliberate form of repetition and helps make the writer's point more coherent.
Euphony the pleasant, mellifluous presentation of sounds in a literary work.
Theme The central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life. Usually, __ is unstated in fictional works, but in nonfiction, the __ may be directly stated, especially in expository or argumentative writing.
Metonomy a term from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name" __ is a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it.

Terms : Hide Images

6309426530	Personification	The assigning of human qualities to inanimate objects or concepts. An example: Wordsworth's "the sea that bares her bosom to the moon."	0
6309426531	Antithesis	the presentation of two contrasting images. The ideas are balanced by phrase, clause, or paragraphs. "To be or not to be . . ." "It was the best of times; it was the worst of times . . ." "Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country . . ."	1
6309426532	Oxymoron	From the Greek for "pointedly foolish," ___ is a figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms. Simple examples include "jumbo shrimp" and "cruel kindness."	2
6309426534	Synecdoche	. a figure of speech that utilizes a part as representative of the whole. "All hands on deck" is an example.	3
6309426535	Hyperbole	a figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement	4
6309426536	Anaphora	repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row. This is a deliberate form of repetition and helps make the writer's point more coherent.	5
6309426537	Euphony	the pleasant, mellifluous presentation of sounds in a literary work.	6
6309426539	Metonomy	a term from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name" __ is a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. For example: a news release that claims "The White House declared" rather than "The President declared"	7
6309426540	Paradox	A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity.	8
6309426542	Onomatopoeia	a figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words. Simple examples include such words as buzz, hiss, hum.	9
6309426543	Cacophony	harsh and discordant sounds in a line or passage in a literary word.	10
6309426544	Metaphor	a direct comparison between dissimilar things. "Your eyes are stars" is an example.	11
6309426546	Begging the Question	Often called circular reasoning, __ occurs when the believability of the evidence depends on the believability of the claim.	12
6309426547	Invective	an emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.	13
6309426548	Understatement	the opposite of exaggeration. It is a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended.	14
6309426549	Either-or reasoning	When the writer reduces an argument or issue to two polar opposites and ignores any alternatives.	15
6309426550	Homily	This term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.	16
6309426551	Pedantic	An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish.	17
6309426555	Euphemism	a more acceptable and usually more pleasant way of saying something that might be inappropriate or uncomfortable. "He went to his final reward" is a common __ for "he died." They are also used to obscure the reality of the situation.	18
6309426559	Alliteration	The repetition of initial consonant sounds, such as "Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers."	19
6309426560	Epigraph	The use of a quotation at the beginning of a work that hints at its theme. Hemingway begins The Sun Also Rises with two. One of them is "You are all a lost generation" by Gertrude Stein.	20
6309426561	Periodic Sentence	A sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. The independent clause is preceded by a phrase or clause that cannot stand alone. The effect is to add emphasis and structural variety.	21
6309426563	Ethos	an appeal based on the character of the speaker. An __-driven document relies on the reputation of the author.	22
6309426564	Situational Irony	a type of irony in which events turn out the opposite of what was expected.	23
6309426565	Consonance	Repetition of a consonant sound within two or more words in close proximity.	24
6309426566	Pathos	an appeal based on emotion.	25
6309426567	Syllogism	From the Greek for "reckoning together," a __ is a deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion.	26
6309426568	Logos	an appeal based on logic or reason	27
6309426569	Verbal Irony	In this type of irony, the words literally state the opposite of the writer's true meaning	28
6309426570	Anecdote	A story or brief episode told by the writer or a character to illustrate a point.	29
6309426571	Abstract Language	Language describing ideas and qualities rather than observable or specific things, people, or places.	30
6309426572	Ad Hominem	In an argument, this is an attack on the person rather than on the opponent's ideas. It comes from the Latin meaning "against the man."	31
6309426573	Denotation	the literal or dictionary meaning of a word	32
6309426574	Cumulative	Sentence which begins with the main idea and then expands on that idea with a series of details or other particulars	33
6309426575	Dramatic Irony	In this type of irony, facts or events are unknown to a character in a play or a piece of fiction but known to the reader, audience, or other characters in the work	34
6309426576	Parody	A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.	35
6309426577	Connotation	the interpretive level or a word based on its associated images rather than its literal meaning.	36
6309426578	Repetition	The duplication, either exact or approximate, or any element of language, such as sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern.	37
6309426579	Syntax	The grammatical structure of prose and poetry.	38
6309426580	Assonance	Repetition of a vowel sound within two or more words in close proximity	39
6309426581	Voice	can refer to two different areas of writing. One refers to the relationship between a sentence's subject and verb (active and passive). The second refers to the total "sound" of the writer's style.	40
6309426582	Infer	To draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented.	41
6309426583	Argument	A single assertion or a series of assertions presented and defended by the writer	42
6309426584	Allusion	A reference contained in a work	43
6309426585	Genre	The major category into which a literary work fits. The basic divisions of literature are prose, poetry, and drama.	44
6309426586	Stream-of-consciousness	This is a narrative technique that places the reader in the mind and thought process of the narrator, no matter how random and spontaneous that may be.	45
6309426587	Allegory	A work that functions on a symbolic level	46
6309426588	Explication	The act of interpreting or discovering the meaning of a text. __ usually involves close reading and special attention to figurative language.	47
6309426589	Parallelism	refers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity.	48
6309426590	Semantics	The branch of linguistics that studies that meaning of words, their historical and psychological development, their connotations, and their relation to one another.	49
6309426591	Rhetorical Modes	The flexible term describes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing.	50
6309426592	Analogy	a literary device employed to serve as a basis for comparison. It is assumed that what applies to the parallel situation also applies to the original circumstance. In other words, it is the comparison between two different items.	51
6309426597	Ethical Appeal	When a writer tries to persuade the audience to respect and believe him or her based on a presentation of image of self through the text.	52
6309426598	Exposition	The purpose of this rhetorical mode is to explain and analyze information by presenting an idea, relevant evidence, and appropriate discussion.	53
6309426601	Ellipsis	Indicated by a series of three periods, the __ indicates that some material has been omitted from a given text.	54
6309426603	Didactic	writing whose purpose is to instruct or to teach. A ___ work is usually formal and focuses on moral or ethical concerns.	55
6309426604	Ambiguity	an event or situation that may be interpreted in more than one way.	56
6309426607	Third Person Limited Omniscient	This type of point of view presents the feelings and thoughts of only one character, presenting only the actions of all remaining characters	57
6309426608	Third Person Omniscient	In ___, the narrator, with a godlike knowledge, presents the thoughts and actions of any or all characters.	58
6309426609	Comic Relief	the inclusion of a humorous character or scene to contrast with the tragic elements of a work, thereby intensifying the next tragic event.	59
6309426611	Colloquial	the use of slang in writing, often to create local color and to provide an informal tone. Huckleberry Finn in written in a __ style.	60
6309426612	Antecedent	the word, phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers.	61
6309426616	Chiasmus	Arrangement of repeated thoughts in the pattern of X Y Y X. It is often short and summarizes a main idea.	62
6309426617	Deconstruction	a critical approach that debunks single definitions of meaning based on the instability of language. It "is not a dismantling of a structure of a text, but a demonstration that it has already dismantled itself."	63
6309426623	Asyndeton	Commas used (with no conjunction) to separate a series of words. The parts are emphasized equally when the conjunction is omitted; in addition, the use of commas with no intervening conjunction speeds up the flow of the sentence. X, Y, Z as opposed to X, Y, and Z.	64
6309426626	Deduction	The process of moving from a general rule to a specific example.	65

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