| 6618092314 | Allegory | A narrative or description having a second of symbolic meaning beneath the surface one | | 0 |
| 6618095712 | Allusion | A reference, explicit or implicit, to something in previous literature or history | | 1 |
| 6618100999 | Anecdote | A short account of an interesting or humorous incident | | 2 |
| 6618103085 | Artistic Unity | That condition of a successful literary work whereby all its elements work together for the achievement of its central purpose | | 3 |
| 6618108912 | Cacophony | A harsh, discordant, unpleasant-sounding choice and arrangement of sounds | | 4 |
| 6618113140 | Euphony | A smooth, pleasant-sounding choice and arrangement of sounds | | 5 |
| 6618116085 | Genre | A type or class, as poetry, drama, etc. | | 6 |
| 6618118726 | Imagery | The representation through language of sensory experience | | 7 |
| 6618123353 | Mood | The pervading impression of a work | | 8 |
| 6618125271 | Moral | A rule of conduct or maxim for living expressed or implied as the "point" of a literary work | | 9 |
| 6618130375 | Prose | Non-metrical language; opposite of verse | | 10 |
| 6618132007 | Theme | The main idea, or message, of a literary work; often explore timeless and universal ideas and may be implied rather than stated explicitly | | 11 |
| 6618138033 | Topic | The subject matter or area of a literary work | | 12 |
| 6618139764 | Setting | The context in time and place in which the action of a story occurs | | 13 |
| 6618142103 | Symbol | Something that means more than what it is; an object, person, situation, or action that in addition to its literal meaning suggests other meanings as well; a figure of speech that may be read both literally and figuratively | | 14 |
| 6618149480 | Verse | Metrical language; the opposite of prose | | 15 |
| 6618151609 | Voice | The distinctive style or manner of expression of an author or a character in a book | | 16 |
| 6618157698 | Antagonist | Character in a story or poem who opposes the main character | | 17 |
| 6618159357 | Character | 1) Any of the persons involved in a story or play 2) The distinguishing moral qualities and personal traits of a character | | 18 |
| 6618164283 | Characterization | The process of conveying information about characters | | 19 |
| 6618165960 | Deuteragonist | The second most important character, after the protagonist; often a foil or eventual antagonist | | 20 |
| 6618176381 | Direct Presentation of Character | A method of characterization in which the author, by exposition or analysis, tells us directly what a character is like, or has someone else in the story do so | | 21 |
| 6618182500 | Dynamic Character | A character who during the course of a story undergoes a permanent change in some aspect of character or outlook | | 22 |
| 6618186094 | Flat Character | A character whose character is summed up in one or two traits | | 23 |
| 6618189268 | Foil | A character who contrasts with another character in order to highlight various features of that other character's personality, throwing these characters into a sharper focus | | 24 |
| 6618195471 | Hero | A man who is endowed with great courage and strength, celebrated for bold exploits, and favored by gods | | 25 |
| 6618199809 | Hubris | Overbearing and excessive pride | | 26 |
| 6618201240 | Indirect Presentation of Character | That method of characterization in which the author shows us a character in action, compelling us to infer what the character is like from what is said or done by the character | | 27 |
| 6618207890 | Protagonist | The main character of a novel, play, or film | | 28 |
| 6618212285 | Round Character | A character whose character is complex and many sided | | 29 |
| 6618213424 | Static Character | A character who is the same sort of person at the end of a story as at the beginning | | 30 |
| 6618217591 | Stock Character | A stereotypical character | | 31 |
| 6618219380 | Tragic Flaw | A flaw in the character of the protagonist of a tragedy that brings the protagonist to ruin or sorrow | | 32 |
| 6618228321 | Aside | A brief speech in which a character turns from the person being addressed to speak directly to the audience; a dramatic device for letting the audience know what a character is really thinking or feeling as opposed to what the character pretends to think or feel | | 33 |
| 6618269161 | Apostrophe | A figure of speech in which someone absent or dead or something nonhuman is addressed as if it were alive and present and could reply. | | 34 |
| 6618275157 | Connotation | What a word suggests beyond its basic definition; a word's overtones of meaning. | | 35 |
| 6618275195 | Dialect | A regional variety of a language distinguished by pronunciation, grammar, or vocabulary | | 36 |
| 6618278184 | Denotation | The basic definition or dictionary meaning of a word. | | 37 |
| 6618287059 | Epigram | (1) A short, witty poem expressing a single thought or observation.
(2) a concise, clever, often paradoxical statement. | | 38 |
| 6618347110 | Figure of Speech | Broadly, any way of saying something other than the ordinary way; narrowly, a way of saying one thing and meaning another | | 39 |
| 6618351131 | Hyperbole | A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used in the service of truth | | 40 |
| 6618378273 | Figure of Speech | Broadly, any way of saying something other than the ordinary way; more narrowly (and for purposes of this class) a way of saying one thing and meaning another. | | 41 |
| 6618389330 | Juxtaposition | Positioning opposites next to each other to heighten the contrast | | 42 |
| 6618391761 | Metaphor | A figure of speech in which an implicit comparison is made between two things essentially unlike. | | 43 |
| 6618397803 | Metonymy | A figure of speech in which some significant aspect or detail of an experience is used to represent the whole experience. | | 44 |
| 6618405276 | Onomatopoeia | The use of words that supposedly mimic their meaning in their sound (for example, boom, click, pop). | | 45 |
| 6618413042 | Personification | A figure of speech in which human attributes are given to an animal, an object, or a concept. | | 46 |
| 6618418017 | Rhythm | Any wavelike recurrence of motion or sound. | | 47 |
| 6618431874 | Sentimentality | Unmerited or contrived tender feeling; that quality in a story that elicits or seeks to elicit tears through an oversimplification or falsification of reality. | | 48 |
| 6618439420 | Simile | A figure of speech in which an explicit comparison is made between two things essentially unlike. The comparison is made explicit by the use of some such word or phrase as like, as, than, similar to, resembles, or seems. | | 49 |
| 6618448618 | Synecdoche | A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole. In this class it is subsumed under the term metonymy. | | 50 |
| 6618454128 | Syntax | Word organization and order. | | 51 |
| 6618456879 | Alliteration | The repetition at close intervals of the initial consonant sounds of accented syllables or important words (for example, map-moon, kill-code, preach-approve). | | 52 |
| 6618354220 | Invective | Denunciatoy or abusive language | | 53 |
| 6618358127 | Monologue | 1) A dramatic soliloquy 2) A literary composition in such form | | 54 |
| 6618360520 | Proverb | A short, pithy saying that expresses a basic truth or practical precept | | 55 |
| 6618363073 | Pun | A play on words, sometimes on different senses of the same word and sometimes on the similar sense or sound of different words | | 56 |
| 6618366045 | Sarcasm | Bitter or cutting speech; speech intended by its speaker to give pain to the person addressed | | 57 |
| 6618369043 | Soliloquy | A device often used in drama where a character relates his or her thoughts and feelings to him/herself and to the audience without addressing any of the other characters | | 58 |
| 6618380100 | Understatement | A figure of speech that consists of saying less than one means, or of saying what one means with less force than the occasion warrants | | 59 |
| 6618400598 | Climax | The turning point or high point of a plot | | 60 |
| 6618419170 | Dramatic Irony | An incongruity of discrepancy between what a character says or thinks and what the reader knows to be true or between what a character perceives and what the author intends the reader to perceive | | 61 |
| 6618432184 | Verbal Irony | A figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant | | 62 |
| 6618434816 | Epistolary Novel | A novel written as a series of documents | | 63 |
| 6618436657 | First Person Point of View | The story is told by one of its characters | | 64 |
| 6618441103 | Flashforward | A literary device in which a later event is inserted into the narrative | | 65 |
| 6618443349 | In medias res (Into the Middle of Things) | A Latin phrase denoting the literary and artistic narrative technique wherein the relation of a story begins either at the mid-point or at the conclusion, rather than at the beginning, establishing setting, character, and conflict via flashback and expository conversations | | 66 |
| 6618438401 | Flashback | A literary device in which an earlier event is inserted into the narrative | | 67 |
| 6618425191 | Situational Irony | A situation in which there is an incongruity between appearance and reality or between expectation and fulfillment or between the actual situation and what would seem appropriate | | 68 |
| 6618416497 | Irony | A situation, or a use of language, involving some kind of incongruity or discrepancy | | 69 |
| 6618408623 | Denouement | The conclusion of the story; when conflicts are resolved, creating normality for the characters and a sense of catharsis for them and the reader | | 70 |
| 6618403947 | Falling Action | The action following the climax that shows the aftereffects of the events in the climax | | 71 |
| 6618397677 | Rising Action | The development of plot in a story that precedes and leads up to climax | | 72 |
| 6618383887 | Exposition | The part of the play that provides the background information needed to understand the characters and the actions | | 73 |
| 6618386854 | Conflict | A clash of actions, desires, ideas, or goals in the plot of a story or drama; may exist between the main character and some other person or persons, the main character and some external force (physical nature, society, or "fate"), or between the main character and some destructive element in his or her own nature | | 74 |
| 6618374172 | Slang | A kind of language especially occurring in casual or playful speech, usually made of up short-lived coinages and figures of speech deliberately used in place of standard terms | | 75 |
| 6618293534 | Extended Figure (also known as sustained figure) | A figure of speech (usually metaphor, simile, personification, or apostrophe) sustained or developed through a considerable number of lines or through a whole poem. | | 76 |
| 6618335655 | Figurative Language | Language employing figures of speech; language that cannot be taken literally or only literally. | | 77 |
| 6618286730 | Diction | Word choice | | 78 |
| 6618286732 | Euphemism | Substituting a mild, indirect, or vague term for a harsh, blunt, or offensive one | | 79 |
| 6618280990 | Ekphrasis | The poetic representation of a painting or sculpture in words. | | 80 |
| 6618270239 | Dialogue | 1) Conversation between characters in a drama or narrative 2) A literary work written in the form of a conversation | | 81 |
| 6618268234 | Colloquial | Informal, conversational language | | 82 |
| 6619607508 | Anapest | A metrical foot consisting of two unaccented syllables followed by one accented syllable (for example, understand). | | 83 |
| 6619612339 | Anapestic Meter | A meter in which a majority of the feet are anapests. | | 84 |
| 6619617092 | Approximate Rhyme (also known as imperfect rhyme, near rhyme, slant rhyme, or oblique rhyme) | A term used for words in a rhyming pattern that have some kind of sound correspondence but are not perfect rhymes (for example, arrayed-said). | | 85 |
| 6619635828 | Assonance | The repetition at close intervals of the vowel sounds of accented syllables or important words (for example, hat-ran-amber, vein-made). | | 86 |
| 6619653983 | Ballad Meter | Stanzas formed of quatrains of iambs in which the first and third lines have four stresses (tetrameter) and the second and fourth lines have three stresses (trimeter). Usually, the second and fourth lines rhyme (abcb), although ballad meter is often not followed strictly. | | 87 |
| 6619667707 | Blank Verse | Poetry with a meter, but not rhymed, usually in iambic pentameter. | | 88 |
| 6619679566 | Consonance | The repetition at close intervals of the final consonant sounds of accented syllables or important words (for example, book-plaque-thicker). | | 89 |
| 6619701067 | Couplet | Two successive lines, usually in the same meter, linked by rhyme. | | 90 |
| 6619712899 | Dactyl | A metrical foot consisting of one accented syllable followed by two unaccented syllables (for example, merrily). | | 91 |
| 6619740891 | Dactylic Meter | A meter in which a majority of the feet are dactyls. | | 92 |
| 6619760052 | End Rhyme | Rhymes that occur at the ends of lines. | | 93 |
| 6619767810 | End-stopped Line | A line that ends with a natural speech pause, usually marked by punctuation - the opposite of enjambment. | | 94 |
| 6619777899 | Enjambment | Or run-on line, a line which has no natural speech pause at its end, allowing the sense to flow uninterruptedly into the succeeding line - the opposite of an end-stopped line. | | 95 |
| 6619800910 | English (or Shakespearean) Sonnet | A sonnet rhyming ababcdcdefefgg. Its content or structure ideally parallels the rhyme scheme, falling into three coordinate quatrains and a concluding couplet; but it is often structured, like the Italian sonnet, into octave and sestet, the principal break in thought coming at the end of the eighth line. | | 96 |
| 6619814529 | Feminine Rhyme | A rhyme in which the stress is on the penultimate (second from last) syllable of the words (picky, tricky). | | 97 |
| 6619820249 | Foot | The basic unit used in the scansion or measurement of verse. A foot usually contains one accented syllable and one or two unaccented syllables. | | 98 |
| 6619834528 | Free Verse | Nonmetrical verse. Poetry written in free verse is arranged in lines, may be more or less rhythmical, but has no fixed metrical pattern of expectation. | | 99 |
| 6619840895 | Half Rhyme | (Sometimes called slant rhyme, sprung, near rhyme, oblique rhyme, off rhyme or imperfect rhyme), is consonance on the final consonants of the words involved. | | 100 |
| 6619849085 | Heroic Couplet | Poems constructed by a sequence of two lines of (usually rhyming) verse in iambic pentameter. If these couplets do not rhyme, they are usually separated by extra white space. | | 101 |
| 6619859100 | Iamb | A metrical foot consisting of one unaccented syllable by one accented syllable (for example, rehearse). | | 102 |
| 6619864290 | Iambic Meter | A meter in which the majority of feet are iambs, the most common English meter. | | 103 |
| 6619868096 | Internal Rhyme | A rhyme in which one or both of the rhyme-words occur within the line. | | 104 |
| 6619875119 | Italian (or Petrarchan) Sonnet | A sonnet consisting of an octave rhyming abbaabba and of a sestet using any arrangement of two or three additional rhymes, such as cdcdcd or cdecde. | | 105 |
| 6619891146 | Masculine Rhyme | (also known as single rhyme) A rhyme in which the stress is on the final syllable of the words (rhyme, sublime). | | 106 |
| 6619912217 | Meter | Regularized rhythym; an arrangement of language in which the accents occur at apparently equal intervals in time. | | 107 |
| 6619919035 | Octave | (1) An eight-line stanza.
(2) The first eight lines of a sonnet, especially one structured in the manner of an Italian sonnet. | | 108 |
| 6619924071 | Perfect Rhyme | A rhyme in which is when the later part of the word or phrase is identical sounding to another. Types include masculine and feminine, among others. | | 109 |
| 6619938599 | Pentameter | A metrical line containing five feet. | | 110 |
| 6619940500 | Quatrain | (1) A four-line stanza.
(2) A four-line division of a sonnet marked off by its rhyme scheme. | | 111 |
| 6619944667 | Rhyme | The repetition of an identical or similarly accented sound or sounds in a work. Lyricists may find multiple ways to rhyme within a verse. End rhymes have words that rhyme at the end of a verse-line. Internal rhymes have words that rhyme within it. | | 112 |
| 6619953248 | Rhyme Scheme | Any fixed pattern of rhymes characterizing a whole poem or its stanzas. | | 113 |
| 6619957386 | Scansion | The process of measuring verse, that is, of marking accented and unaccented syllables, dividing the lines into feet, identifying the metrical pattern, and noting significant variations from that pattern. | | 114 |
| 6619967073 | Sestet | (1) A six-line stanza.
(2) The last six lines of a sonnet structured on the Italian model. | | 115 |
| 6619971755 | Spondee | A metrical foot consisting of two syllables equally or almost equally accented (for example, true-blue). | | 116 |
| 6619978059 | Stanza | A group of lines whose metrical pattern (and usually its rhyme scheme as well) is repeated throughout a poem. | | 117 |
| 6619985044 | Syntax | The arrangement of words to form phrases, clause and sentences; sentence construction. | | 118 |
| 6619990957 | Terza Rima | A three-line stanza form borrowed from the Italian poets. The rhyme scheme is: aba, bcb, cdc, ded, etc. | | 119 |
| 6619996937 | Tetrameter | A metrical line containing four feet. | | 120 |
| 6620000017 | Trimeter | A metrical line containing three feet. | | 121 |
| 6620003894 | Triple Meter | A meter in which a majority of the feet contain three syllables. (Actually, if more than 25% of the feet in a poem are triple, its effect is more triple than duple, and it ought perhaps to be referred to as triple meter). Anapestic and dactylic are both triple triple meters. | | 122 |
| 6620064074 | Trochaic Meter | A meter in which the majority of feet are trochees. | | 123 |
| 6620069620 | Trochee | A metrical foot consisting of one accented syllable followed by one unaccented syllable (for example, barter). | | 124 |
| 6620084188 | Ballad | A narrative folk song. The ballad is traced back to the Middle Ages. Ballads were usually created by common people and passed orally due to the illiteracy of the time. Subjects for ballads include killings, feuds, important historical events, and rebellion. | | 125 |
| 6620084189 | Elegy | A type of literature defined as a song or poem, written in elegiac couplets, that expresses sorrow or lamentation, usually for one who has died. | | 126 |
| 6620085921 | Epic | A long poem in a lofty style about the exploits of heroic figures. These often come from an oral tradition of shared authorship or from a single, high-profile poet imitating the style. | | 127 |
| 6620085922 | Lyric | A song-like poem written mainly to express the feelings of emotions or thought from a particular person, thus separating it from narrative poems. These poems are generally short, averaging roughly twelve to thirty lines, and rarely beyond sixty lines. These poems express vivid imagination as well as emotion and all flow fairly concisely. | | 128 |
| 6620085923 | Narrative Poem | A poem that tells a story. A narrative poem can come in many forms and styles, both complex and simple, short or long, as long as it tells a story. A few examples of a narrative poem are epics, ballads, and metrical romances. | | 129 |
| 6620092420 | Ode | Usually a lyric poem of moderate length, with a serious subject, an elevated style, and an elaborate stanza pattern. The ode often praises people, the arts of music and poetry, natural scenes, or abstract concepts. | | 130 |
| 6623062724 | Sonnet | A fixed form of fourteen lines, normally iambic pentameter, with a rhyme scheme conforming to or approximately one of two main types - the Italian or the English. | | 131 |
| 6626017933 | Limited Omniscient Point of View | The author tells the story, using the third person, but is limited to a complete knowledge of one character in the story and tells us only what that one character feels, thinks, sees, or hears | | 132 |
| 6626023234 | Linear Structure | A plot that follows a straight-moving, cause-and-effect, chronological order | | 133 |
| 6626026573 | Omniscient Point of View | The author tells a story, using third person, knowing all and free to tell us anything, including what the characters and thinking and feeling or why they act as they do | | 134 |
| 6626043902 | Objective Point of View | The author tells a story, using the third person, but is limited to reporting what the characters say or do; the author does not interpret their behavior or tell us their private thoughts or feelings | | 135 |
| 6626060328 | Narrator | The speaker or the "voice" of an oral or written work; although it can be, the narrator is not usually the same person as the author, and is one of three types of character 1) participant 2) observer 3) non-participant | | 136 |
| 6626074464 | Nonlinear Structure | When the plot is presented in a non-casual order, with events presented in a random series jumping to and from the main plot with flashbacks and flashforwards, or in any manner that is not chronological or cause-and-effect | | 137 |
| 6626091273 | Point of View | The angle of vision from which a story is told | | 138 |
| 6626093144 | Stream of Consciousness | Narrative which presents the private thoughts of a character without commentary or interpretation by the author | | 139 |
| 6626098559 | Unreliable Narrator | A narrator whose credibility has been compromised; usually first person | | 140 |
| 6626102787 | Anticlimax | A sudden descent from the impressive or significant to the ludicrous or inconsequential | | 141 |
| 6626113655 | Catastrophe | The concluding action of a classical tragedy containing the resolution of the plot | | 142 |
| 6626116255 | Comic Relief | A humorous incident introduced into a serious literary work in order to relieve dramatic tension or heighten emotional impact | | 143 |
| 6626123075 | Dilemma | A situation in which a character must choose between two courses of action, both undesirable | | 144 |
| 6626130157 | Deus ex machina (God of the machine) | The resolution of a plot by use of a highly improbable chance or coincidence | | 145 |
| 6626136368 | Indeterminate Ending | An ending in which the central problem or conflict is unresolved | | 146 |
| 6626143840 | Inversion | A reversal in order, nature, or effect | | 147 |
| 6626145590 | Motivation | An emotion, desire, physiological need, or similar impulse that acts as an incitement to action | | 148 |
| 6626152317 | Mystery | An unusual set of circumstances for which the reader craves an explanation; used to create suspense | | 149 |
| 6626160228 | Paradox | A statement or situation containing apparently contradictory or incompatible elements | | 150 |
| 6626163876 | Plot | The sequence of incidents or events of which a story is compromised | | 151 |
| 6626169639 | Plot Manipulation | A situation in which an author gives the plot a twist or turn unjustified by preceding action or by the characters involved | | 152 |
| 6626180831 | Plot Device | An object, character, or event whose only reason for existing is to advance the story; breaks suspension of disbelief | | 153 |
| 6626187971 | Prologue | An introduction or preface, especially a poem recited to introduce a play | | 154 |
| 6626197041 | Red Herring | A literary tactic of diverting attention away from an item or person of significance | | 155 |
| 6626204728 | Scene | A subdivision of an act in a dramatic presentation in which the setting is fixed and time continues | | 156 |
| 6626209106 | Suspense | The quality in a story that makes the reader eager to discover what happens next and how it will end | | 157 |
| 6626212363 | Suspension of Disbelief | An unspoken agreement between writer and reader: I agree to believe your make-believe if it entertains me | | 158 |
| 6626219453 | Subplot | A plot subordinate to the main pot of a literary work | | 159 |
| 6626221133 | Surprise | An unexpected turn in the development of a plot | | 160 |
| 6626223179 | Comedy | A type of drama, opposed to tragedy, having usually a happy ending and emphasizing human limitation rather than human greatness | | 161 |
| 6626228605 | Comedy of Manners | Comedy that ridicules the manners of a certain segment of society | | 162 |
| 6626231766 | Satire | A kind of literature that ridicules human folly or vice with the purpose of bringing about reform or of keeping others from falling into similar folly or vice | | 163 |
| 6626238959 | Scornful Comedy | A type of comedy whose main purpose is to expose and ridicule human folly, vanity, or hypocrisy | | 164 |
| 6626243409 | Romantic Comedy | A type of comedy whose likable and sensible main characters are placed in difficulties from which they are rescued at the end of the play | | 165 |
| 6626247742 | Farce | A type of comedy that relies on exaggeration, horseplay, and unrealistic or improbable situations to provoke laughter | | 166 |
| 6626248954 | Escapist Literature | Literature written purely for entertainment, with little or no attempt to provide insights into the true nature of human life or behavior | | 167 |
| 6626248956 | Fable | A short narrative making an edifying or cautionary point and often employing animal characters that act like human beings | | 168 |
| 6626257906 | Fantasy | A kind of fiction that pictures creatures or events beyond the boundaries of known reality | | 169 |
| 6626261033 | Interpretive Literature | Literature that provides valid insights into the nature of human life and behavior | | 170 |
| 6626264420 | Myth | Any story that attempts to explain how the world was created or why the world is the way it is; usually involve religion and are passed down from generation to generation | | 171 |
| 6626270051 | Novel | A book of a long narrative in literary prose | | 172 |
| 6626272210 | Novella | A written, fictional, prose narrative longer than a novelette but shorter than a novel | | 173 |
| 6626275799 | Parable | A simply story illustrating a moral or religious lesson | | 174 |
| 6626277926 | Tragedy | Drama in which a noble protagonist falls to ruin during a struggle caused by a tragic flaw in their character or an error in their rulings or judgments | | 175 |
