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ap Flashcards

3436230977	human	people	0
3436233846	humane	not cruel	1
3436236730	clean		2
3436241023	cleanse	to clean / no dirt	3
3436245070	nature		4
3436248423	natural	having to with nature	5
3436255906	major	more important	6
3436261312	majority	most / large potian	7
3436265019	poem		8
3436268910	poetic		9
3436270894	equal		10
3436274724	equation	math problem	11
3436277958	unite	make as one	12
3436280158	unity	become one	13
3436281830	bomb		14
3436284542	bombard	to continue something again and again	15
3436290282	muscle		16
3436295195	muscular		17

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APES Flashcards

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3418514045	Oppidum	Town	0
3418518902	Verbum	word	1
3418520620	Sagitta	arrow	2
3418536188	Mūrus	wall	3
3418537767	Rex	king	4
3418541792	pater	father	5
3418541807	mater	mother	6
3418561735	senātor	senator	7
3418563119	leo	lion	8
3418564854	miles	soldier	9
3418570397	lūdus	school	10
3418572968	callidus	clever	11
3418574775	iratus	angry	12
3418580598	ridiculus	funny	13
3418582456	severus	harsh	14
3418594748	isanus	insane	15
3418596620	tacitus	silent	16
3418596621	oppugnare	attack	17
3418598881	vulnerare	to wound	18
3418616200	scribere	to write	19
3418616201	currere	to run	20
3418618557	mittere	to send, to let go	21
3418620595	ducere	to lead	22
3418623184	cedere	to yield, to part	23
3418627731	contra + acc	against	24
3418637070	per + acc	through	25
3418639573	subito	sudden	26
3418641576	numquam	never	27
3418643225	quamquam	although	28

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AP Flashcards

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2125253842	the treaty of tilsit	the treaty between Prussia and Napoleon, reduced Prussia to half it's previous size - Napolean and Alexander I	0
2125253843	the continental system	Napoleon's plan to destroy the British economy by cutting off trade with them (a trade embargo)	1
2125253844	the confederation of the rhine	Prior to the Napoleonic wars, present day Germany consisted of over 300 small countries. To make these states easier to control, Napoleon combined them into this confederation, and it replaced the Holy Roman Empire which had 100 states.	2
2125253845	the wars of liberation	After Napoleon was weakened by Russia, many of his territories started to fight (and often win) liberation wars. Napoleon's relatives were then kicked off the throne.	3
2125253846	the treaty of chaumont	This is a treaty of alliance between Austria, Great Britain, Prussia, and Russia, who vow to stick together against their common enemy, France.	4
2125253847	the hundred days	this was when Napoleon comes back to Paris from his exile on Elba, and the Bourban Dynasty is restored. This period includes the Waterloo Campaign and the Neapolitan War.	5
2125253848	the quadruple alliance	Alliance formed between England, Austria, Prussia, and Russia who they wanted to keep peace and beat France. (Agreed to meet at the Congress of Vienna)	6
2125297921	the battle of waterloo	was the last battle that Napoleon fought in, which he lost. The Duke of Wellington was the man to finally defeat Napoleon.	7
2125297922	the congress of vienna	A meeting held here just before Napoleon's escape from Elba. The purpose was to restore order and stability to Europe. Redrew boundries of Europe. make sure one country didn't have too much power.	8
2125297923	count von metternich	The Austrian foreign minister who basically controlled the Congress of Vienna. Wanted to promote peace, conservatism in Europe. He wants Germany to remain disunified and starts the holy alliance	9
2125297924	the holy alliance	Between Russia, Austria and Prussia, made a treaty that promised to keep the Christian ideas of justice, love, and peace in all of their rulings. Promised to avoid war with one another and didn't want another revolution	10
2125297925	the carlsbad decrees	Issued by King Frederick William III of Prussia, imposed strict censorship & supressed freedom of speech in German states - Metternech wanted it	11
2125297926	the constitutional charter	issued by Louis XVIII when he took the throne after Napoleon was sent to Elba, he guaranteed civil liberties (peoples rights)	12
2125297927	the congress system	system of foreign affairs that happened right after the congress of vienna wanted to have peace remain in Europe	13
2125297928	the dual revolutions	The revolution that was a combination of economic changes brought on by the Industrial Revolution and the changes caused by the French Revolution. This revolution occurred in France after Napoleonic France.	14
2125297929	romanticism	18th century artistic movement that appealed to emotion rather than reason	15
2125300794	napoleon's invasion of russia	Was a failure because he and his men were not prepared to fight during a harsh winter. tried to make a peace treaty, he lacked food and supplies, only 40,000 of the 600,000 men survived, Napoleon was exiled on the island of Elba	16

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2211887873	space	the physical gap or interval between two objects	0
2211887874	spatial approach	the way people view the world where things are located, why they are located there, and how the environment varies spatially	1
2211903824	scale	the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth's surface	2
2211924022	diffusion	the spread of an idea, concept, product	3
2211924043	expansion diffusion	The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in a snowballing process	4
2211936133	hierarchical diffusion	The spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places. (kings -----> peasants) example would be iphones	5
2211936134	contagious diffusion	when an idea or concept spreads equally among people no matter social class or economic position example would be illnesses	6
2211938000	stimulus diffusion	when an idea or concept spreads but gets changed along the way example would be rumors	7
2211939845	reverse hierarchical diffusion	The spread of an idea from persons of lower authority or places to persons or nodes of authority or power an example would be Walmart	8
2211942699	relocation diffusion	when a idea spreads due to a person moving around spreading it The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another.	9
2211942700	migrant diffusion	ideas and beliefs moving from one place to another example would be birds migrating in the winter	10
2211944803	toponym	a name a place is known as	11
2211953359	barriers of diffusion	things that may prevent an idea from diffusing	12
2211955244	physical barriers	barriers that can be physically seen examples would be mountains, rivers, and hills	13
2211955245	cultural barriers	ideas cannot be adapted due to beliefs	14
2211957384	distance decay	how far a place is can affect the time an idea takes to reach a place and how it adapts	15
2211957385	location	A specific place on the Earth	16
2211950067	regions	area with one or more trait that distinguishes it from surrounding areas	17
2211958663	absolute location	a specific point on the earth -latitude and longitude	18
2211960661	relative location	The position of a place in relation to another place	19
2211965492	globalization	how the world is interconnected	20
2211967131	formal regions	regions that are organized and characterized by common property	21
2211967132	perceptual regions	regions that reflect human feelings and attitude they are somewhat like mental maps	22
2211969068	functional regions	regions organized by a focal point	23
2211973984	mental maps	image or picture of the way space is organized as determined by an individual's perception, impression, and knowledge of that space	24
2211978644	map scale	compares a distance on a map with a distance in the real world	25
2211980942	vernacular region	(perceptual region) a place that people believe exists as a part of their cultural identity	26
2211988391	nodal regions	a central point or focus with which a surrounding area is linked on the basis of a given kind of spatial interaction, e.g. a city and its trade area also known as functional regions	27
2211988392	cultural regions	an area that is set apart from other places by the way of life of the people who live there	28
2211989572	political regions	A place where people share a government. Defined by established borders. made of people who live together under one government	29
2211992039	environmental region	Region defined by measurable environmental traits. Such as wetland. The barriers between these regions are often transitional. Type of formal region.	30
2211994341	prime meridian	An imaginary line passing through the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, England, which marks the 0° line of longitude.	31
2211994342	longitude	Distance east or west of the prime meridian	32
2211995857	latitude	Distance north or south of the equator, measured in degrees.	33
2211997951	absolute distance	The distance that can be measured with a standard unit length, such as a mile or kilometer.	34
2212000539	distance	An amount of space between two things or people.	35
2212006764	cluster	A number of similar things grouped together	36
2212006765	cartogram	type of map used to get around it consist of geometric figures	37
2212016280	isoline map	Thematic Map with lines that connect points of equal value	38
2212022121	sinusoidal map	diamond shaped map used in countries with larger north south than east west	39
2212024350	mollweide map	shows size of area relatively well, oval shaped, used to show direction of things, distorts shape and direction not flat at top or bottom and its circular	40
2212035522	flow line map	shows movement with arrows of people, goods, or ideas	41
2212036663	Mercator map	latitude and longitude are straight, destorting continents used in ship board traveling	42
2212038764	dot distribution map	dots are used to represent a certain topic/ statistic; the more dots in one region, the higher the statistic	43
2212038765	robinson map	a useful overall picture of the world; keeps correct size and shape of most continents and oceans its oval shaped and flat and used for educational purposes	44
2212042557	goodes interrupted map	map that emphasizes oceans its really accurate in size and definition shows scale of the world	45
2212043724	proportional symbol map	Type of map that uses a symbol in varying sizes to show the magnitude of a characteristic	46
2212058852	choropleth map	a thematic map that uses tones or colors to represent spatial data as average values per unit area	47
2212063386	population	A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area.	48
2212065821	arithmetic population	The population of a country or region expressed as an average per unit area.	49
2212066995	physiologic population	The number of people per unit area of arable land.	50
2212082325	population density	A measurement of the number of people per given unit of land	51
2212084049	population distribution	how population is spread out in an area	52
2212516587	migration	Form of relocation diffusion involving permanent move to a new location.	53
2212519315	push factors of migration	Harsh climate, conflict, little access to services, employment, natural hazards, fear of persecution things that push one away from home	54
2212523489	pull factors of migration	something happening in a country that is bringing people to a country economic(jobs), cultural(escaping refugees), environmental(physically attractive regions)	55
2212546717	replacement rate	a total fertility rate needed for a population to replace itself	56
2212548454	arable	(of farmland) capable of being farmed productively. fertile land	57
2212561367	decimal degrees	values of latitude and longitude expressed in decimal format rather than in degrees, minutes, and seconds	58
2212561368	equator	An imaginary circle around the middle of the earth, halfway between the North Pole and the South Pole	59
2212562625	north pole	90 degrees north latitude	60
2212564006	south pole	90 degrees south latitude	61
2212566102	node	a center of influence in functional or nodal regions	62
2212569154	ecotone	A transitional zone where ecosystems meet.	63
2212566103	international date line	180 degrees longitude - opposite the Prime Meridian	64
2218022894	place-specific	certain characteristics, like culture, social, politics, and economics, that define a place based upon the sequence of past and current societal influences	65
2218027321	sequent occupancy		66

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AP Flashcards

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2305302688	Skeletal or striated muscle tissue found attached to bones Function : Movement (Write,talk, chew and breathe)	0
2305305896	Cardiac muscle Function: Heart-branched fibers pump blood throughout the body. Location : Wall of the heart	1
2305308285	Motor nerve cells (Kite w/tail) Function: regulate and integrate most body functions Location: Brain and Spinal Cord	2
2305312780	Epithelial tissue simple cuboidal -cubed shaped cells Location: kidney tubules Function: Secretion and absorption	3
2305316646	Epithelial tissue simple squamous flat irregular shaped cells Location: oral smear Function : Contains DNA	4
2305321395	pseudostratified ciliated (hair on top of tissue) Epithelial tissue Location: trachea (respiratory tract) Function : moves foreign particles upwards and out of airway	5
2305324288	Stratified Epithelial Location : epidermis skin Function: Protection	6
2305329622	Transitional Epithelial, Location : urinary bladder Function: withstands tension stretching when bladder is full of urine	7
2305336945	Areolar Tissue Loos connective tissue Location: fills space between bones and muscle tissue Function: fills spaces and binds skin to underlying organs(support, strength and elasticity )	8
2305341078	Dense connective tissue, Location Tendons/Ligaments Function: withstand pulling forces especially in one direction	9
2305347728	Hyaline Cartilage, Location: ends of long bones between joints and end of nose, all cartilage are located in sacs called lacumae; these cells are called chondrocytes Function: Development and growth of bones.	10
2307076307	Red blood cells made by bone marrow looks pink no nucleus function they haves hemoglobin which allows them to transport O2 to tissue and organs ... The white blood cell have purple nucleus :function fight infections	11
2307097180	Fibrocartilage ,Location : between vertebrae in spinal column called disc Function: shock absorber for structures subject to pressure	12
2307104619	Elastic Cartilage , Location: outer ear and voice box located in sacs called Lacunae Function: framework for ear and Larynx	13
2307134424	Bone: bone cells are called osteocytes makes up skeletal system, Function : Supply Oxygen to tissues and organs transport wastes and gas CO2	14

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2829304265	Trade offs	Alternative choices	0
2829304266	Opportunity costs	The cost of the next best alternative use of money, time, or resources when one choice is made rather than the other	1
2829304267	Production possibilities frontier	A diagram representing various combinations of goods and or services an economy can produce when all productive resources are fully employed	2
2829304268	Cost benefit analysis	A way of thinking about a problem that compares the costs of an action to the benefits received	3
2829304269	Free enterprise economy	System in which consumers and privately owned businesses, rather than the government, make the majority of the WHAT, HOW, and FOR WHOM decisions	4
2829304270	Standard of living	The quality of life based on possessions that make life easier	5
2829304271	Scarcity	The condition that results from society not having enough resources to produce all the things people would like to have	6
2829304272	Economics	The study of how people try to satisfy what appears to be seemingly unlimited and competing wants through the careful use of relatively scarce resources	7
2829304273	Need	A basic requirement for survival that includes food, clothing, and shelter	8
2829304274	Factors of production	Resources required to produce things people would like to have; they include land, capital, labor, and entrepreneurs	9
2829304275	Land	Natural resources not created by humans	10
2829304276	Capital	The tools, equipment, machinery, and factories used in the production of goods and services	11
2829304277	Financial capital	The money used to but the tools and equipment used in production	12
2829304278	Labor	People with all their efforts, abilities, and skills	13
2829304279	Entrepreneur	A risk taker in search of profits who does something new with existing resources	14
2829304280	Production	The process of creating goods and services	15
2829304281	Gross domestic product	The dollar value of all final goods, services, and structures produced within a country's borders in a 12 month period	16
2829304282	Economic product	A good or service that is useful, relatively scarce, and transferable to others	17
2829304283	Good	An item that is economically useful or satisfies an economic what	18
2829304284	Consumer good	An item intended for final use by individuals	19
2829304285	Capital good	A manufactured item used to produce other goods and services	20
2829304286	Service	Work that is performed for someone	21
2829304287	Value	A with that can be expressed in dollars and cents	22
2829304288	Paradox of value	The situation in which some non-necessities have a much higher value than some necessities	23
2829304289	Utility	The capacity to be useful and provide satisfaction	24
2829304290	Wealth	The accumulation of those economic products that are tangible, scarce, useful, and transferable from one person to another	25
2829304291	Market	A location or other mechanism that allows buyers and sellers to exchange a certain economic product	26
2829304292	Factor market	A market where productive resources are bought and sold	27
2829304293	Product market	A market where producers sell their goods and services to consumers	28
2829304294	Economic growth	The increase in a nations total output of goods and services over time	29
2829304295	Productivity	A measure of the amount of output produced by a given amount of inputs in a specific period of time	30
2829304296	Division of labor	Work arranged so that individual workers do fewer tasks than before	31
2829304297	Specialization	Situation in which a factor of production performs tasks that it can do relatively more efficiently than others	32
2829304298	Human capital	The sum of skills, abilities, health, and motivation of people	33
2829304299	Economic interdependence	Reliance on one another to provide the goods and services that people consume	34

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AP World History- Unit 3 Flashcards

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5746403987	Equal field system	Chinese system during the Tang dynasty in which the goal was to ensure an equitable distribution of land	0
5746403988	Grand canal	Located in China, it was one of the world's largest waterworks projects before modern times	1
5746403994	Nara	Centered on the city of Nara, that was the highest point of Chinese influence in Japan	2
5746403995	Neo-Confucianism	Philosophy that attempted to merge certain basic elements of Confucian and Buddhist thought	3
5746403997	Porcelain	Lighter, thinner and adaptable ceramic	4
5746404002	Song dynasty	Reigned during the late 10th-13th centuries and had a far-reaching impact on Chinese economy, culture, and society. It was marked by an increasingly urbanized and cosmopolitan society	5
5746404004	Tang dynasty	An imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui dynasty. Considered to be the Golden Age of China because of its advancements in technology, medicine, and trade. The foundation of their greatness was from the emphasis put into study which led to stronger leadership and ideas.	6
5746404011	Abbasid dynasty	Cosmopolitan Arabic dynasty that replaced the Umayyads; founded by Abu al-Abbas and reached its peak under Harun al-Rashid	7
5746404014	Allah	God of the monotheistic religion of Islam	8
5746404016	Caliph	"Deputy," Islamic leader after the death of Muhammad	9
5746404017	dar al-Islam	The "house of Islam", a term for the Islamic world. It refers to lands under the Islamic rule as a whole; it continued to grow during the Abbasid era.	10
5746404018	Five Pillars of Islam	The foundations of Islam: 1. Profession of faith 2. prayer 3. fasting during Ramadan 4. almsgiving 5. pilgrimage or hajj	11
5746404020	hajj	Pilgrimage to Mecca	12
5746404021	hijra	Muhammad's migration from Mecca to Medina in 622, which is the beginning point of the Islamic calendar and is considered to mark the beginning of the Islamic faith	13
5746404022	Islam	Monotheistic religion announced by the prophet Muhammad; influenced by Judaism and Christianity, Muhammad was considered the final prophet because the earlier religions had not seen the entire picture	14
5746404024	jizya	Tax in Islamic empires that was imposed on non-Muslims	15
5746404025	Ka'aba	main shrine in Mecca, goal of Muslims embarking on the hajj	16
5746404027	Muhammad	Prophet of Islam	17
5746404028	Muslim	A follower of Islam	18
5746404030	Quran	Islamic holy book that is believed to contain the divine revelations of Allah as presented to Muhammad	19
5746404032	sakk	Letters of credit that were common in the medieval Islamic banking world. These were the predecessors to checks in the banking world.	20
5746404036	Sunni	"Traditionalists," the most popular branch of Islam; Sunnis believe in the legitimacy of the early caliphs, compared with the Shiite belief that only a descendant of Ali can lead	21
5746404038	umma	Islamic term for the "community of the faithful"	22
5746404039	Ummayad dynasty	Arabic dynasty, with its capital at Damascus, that was marked by a tremendous period of expansion to Spain in the west and India in the east	23
5746404051	Melaka (Malacca)	Southeast Asian kingdom that was predominantly Islamic	24
5746404041	Axum	African kingdom centered in Ethiopia that became an early and lasting center of Coptic Christianity	25
5746404043	caste system	class structure that is determined by birth.	26
5746404055	Srivijaya	Southeast Asian kingdom, based on the island of Sumatra, that used a powerful navy to dominate trade	27
5746404059	Byzantine Empire	Long-lasting empire centered at Constantinople; it grew out of the end of the Roman empire, carried the legacy of Roman greatness, and was the only classical society to survive into the early modern age; it reached its early peak during the reign of Justinian	28
5746404061	caesaropapism	Concept relating to the mixing of political and religious authority, as with the Roman emperors, that was central to the church-versus-state controversy in medieval Europe	29
5746404085	Vikings	A group that raided the British Isles from their home at Vik in southern Norway	30
5746404103	shamans	Religious specialists who possessed supernatural powers and who communicated with the gods and the spirits of nature	31
5746404107	Yuan dynasty	Chinese dynasty that was founded by Genghis Khan's grandson	32
5746404106	Temüjin	Mongol conqueror who later took the name Chinggis Khan, "universal ruler"	33
5746404111	Bantu	Collective name of a large group of sub-Saharan African languages and of the peoples speaking these languages.	34
5746404115	Great Zimbabwe	Large sub-Saharan African kingdom in the 15th century	35
5746404126	Mali empire	West African kingdom founded in the 13th century by Sundiata; it reached its peak during the reign of Mansa Masu	36
5746404128	Sundiata	Founder of the Mali empire, also the inspiration for the Sundiata, an African literary and mythological work	37
5746404129	Swahili	East African city-state society that dominated the coast from Mogadishu to Kilwa and was active in trade. Also a Bantu language of East Africa, or a member of a group who speaks this language	38
5746404149	Marco Polo	Italian merchant whose account of his travels to China and other lands became legendary	39
5746404155	reconquista	Crusade, ending in 1492, to drive the Islamic forces out of Spain	40
5746404156	Saladin	Muslim leader and crusader who recaptures Jerusalem from the Christians	41
5746404159	three estates	The three classes of European society, composed of the clergy #1, the aristocrats #2 and the common people #3	42
5746404165	Aztec empire	Central American empire constructed by the Mexica and expanded greatly during the 15th century during he reigns of Itzcoatl and Motecuzoma I	43
5746404167	chinampa	Agricultural gardens used by Mexica (Aztecs) in which fertile muck from lake bottoms was dredged and built up into small plots	44
5746404188	Tenochtitlan	Capital of the Aztec Empire, later Mexico city	45
6706219869	Hangzhou	Capital of later Song dynasty; located near East China Sea; permitted overseas trading; population exceeded 1 million	46
6706229876	Mecca	Original city of Islam, birthplace of Muhammad, location of the hajj	47
6706371457	Mongols	Nomadic horse-people from the eastern steppe of Asia that created the largest empire in the history of the world.	48
6706379013	Pax Mongolica (13th-14th centuries)	Mongols guaranteed safe passage for traders, missionaries, and travelers such as Marco Polo, trade flourished, silk, Asian artistic designs moved westward, Mongols gain incredible wealth taxing the trade, peaceful travel across Asia, cultural exchanges, exchange of ideas, medical, mathematics, finance, engineering knowledge flows between China and Middle East, printing, gunpowder transmitted from China to Europe, spread of bubonic plague.	49
6706395206	Spice Roads	The trade of spices from Asia and India to Italian and Muslim merchants who would then trade it to Europeans.	50
6706402399	Baghdad	Located on the Silk Roads, it was the capital city of the Abbasid Caliphate.	51
6706417248	Aztec	Ancient civilization (1200-1521AD) that was located in what is present-day Mexico City	52
6706435806	Horse collar	Harnessing method that increased the efﬁciency of horses by shifting the point of traction from the animal's neck to the shoulders; its adoption favors the spread of horse-drawn plows and vehicles	53
6706454175	Mansa Musa	Greatest Mali king; brought Mali to its peak of power and wealth from 1312 the 1337; expanded borders, maintained peace and order, religious freedom and tolerance; hajj to Mecca; built Timbuktu	54
6706458592	Timbuktu	Port city of Mali; located just off the flood plain on the great bend in the Niger River; population of 50,000; contained a library and university.	55
6706467872	Ibn Battuta	Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan	56

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AP World History Regions Flashcards

Locating the regions in APWH on a map by the green dot!

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5587989039	North America	0
5587989040	Caribbean	1
5587989041	Latin America	2
5587989042	Central Africa	3
5587989043	East Africa	4
5587989044	East Asia	5
5587989045	Eastern Europe	6
5587989046	Middle East (Southwest Asia)	7
5587989047	South Africa	8
5587989048	South Asia	9
5587989049	Southeast Asia	10
5587989050	West Africa	11
5587989051	Western Europe	12