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AP Literature Terms Flashcards

2743724587	homily	a sermon on a moral or religious topic	0
2743724588	hyperbole	extravagant exaggeration	1
2743724589	imagery	use of words to create images	2
2743724590	inference	a conclusion based on evidence and reasoning	3
2743724591	invective	venomous language use to express blame	4
2743724592	irony	using a word or situation opposite of its literal meaning	5
2743724593	euphemism	a mild term substituting for a harsher term	6
2743724594	extended metaphor	a metaphor used throughout a long passage or poem	7
2743724595	figurative language	language that contains or uses figure of speech	8
2743724596	figures of speech	expressions with imaginative comparisons	9
2743724597	genre	a class or category	10
2743724598	characterization	description	11
2743724599	connotation	implied or associative meaning of a word	12
2743724600	denotation	most direct or specific meaning if a word or expression	13
2743724601	conflict	to come into disagreement or collision	14
2743724602	diction	word choice	15
2743724603	didactic	instructive	16
2743724604	caricature	exaggerated representation of a person	17
2743724605	clause	a group of words with both a subject and a verb	18
2743724606	cliché	a trite plot etc.	19
2743724607	colloquial	informal language	20
2743724608	conceit	an elaborate metaphor	21
2743724609	atmosphere	the medium at a given place	22
2743724610	antagonist	character who opposes the protagonist	23
2743724611	archetype	prototype	24
2743724612	ballad	a type of poem that is meant to be song and us both lyric and narrative in nature	25
2743724613	blank verse	unrhymed iambic pentameter	26
2743724614	antecedent	The word, phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers	27
2743724615	antithesis	balancing 2 opposing ideas	28
2743724616	aphorism	expressing a general truth or idea using a rhyme or balance	29
2743724617	apostrophe	a figure of speech that addresses absence	30
2743724618	alliteration	the repetition of initial sounds in successive or neighboring words	31
2743724619	allusion	a recognizable reference	32
2743724620	ambiguity	multiple meanings	33
2743724621	analogy	a comparison of two different things that are similar in some way	34
2745490793	asydenton	commas used to seperate a series of words	35
2745490794	chiasmus	a statement in which the second part is structurally reversed	36
2745490795	foil	a character opposite of the main character or same as the protagonist	37
2745490796	allegory	story in which characters are used as symbols	38
2745490797	cacophony	loud and unpleasant	39
2745490798	euphony	pleasing sound	40
2745490799	voice	an author's general attitude toward the world	41
2745490800	absolutes	a word free from limitations or qualifications	42
2745490801	denouement	final scene or chapter where clarifications are made	43
2745490802	deux ex machina	plot device where conflict is solved through a mean unrelated to the story	44
2745490803	refrain	a regularly repeated line or group of lines in a poem or song	45
2745490804	hubris	refers to excessive pride that leads to a hero's downfall	46
2745490805	elegy	a mournful poem	47
2745490806	epistrophe	repetition of the same word or group of words at the ends of successive clauses	48
2745490807	lyric poem	a short poem of songlike quality	49
2745490808	epistolary	novels written in letters between characters	50
2745490809	free verse	poetry that avoids regular rhyme or meter patterns	51
2745490810	Caesura	pauses or breaks in poetry	52
2745490811	end stopped	Having a pause at the end of each line	53
2745490812	enjambled	the continuation of meeting, without pause throughout poem	54
2745490813	litotes	understatement	55
2745490814	juxtaposition	act of two things being put together with contrasting effect	56
2745490815	loose/non-periodic sentence	a sentence that continues with one or more subordinate clauses or modifiers after its main clause	57
2745490816	metaphor	figure of speech in which one thing is equated with another	58
2745490817	meter	rhythmic pattern in a poem	59
2745490818	metonymy	substituting the name of one objects for another object closely associated	60
2745490819	mood	the emotional atmosphere at work	61
2745490820	motif	Standard theme, element, or dramatic work that recurs in various works	62
2745490821	narrative	a story or narrated account	63
2745490822	onomatopoeia	use of word that imitates sounds	64
2745490823	oxymoron	an expression in which two words contradict each other are joined	65
2745490824	paradox	an apparently contradictory statement that contains truth	66
2745490825	parallelism	the repetition of words or phrases that have similar grammatical structures	67
2745490826	paratactic sentence	a literary technique that favors short simple sentence with coordinating conjunctions	68
2745490827	parody	humorous imitation of serious work	69
2745490828	pedantic	excessive display of learning or scholarships	70
2745490829	periodic sentence	a complex sentence in which elements are presented in a series without conjunctions	71
2745490830	periphrasis	The use of indirect and circumlocutory speech or writing	72
2745490831	polysyndeton	the use of several conjuctions in close succession	73
2745490832	personification	giving human characteristics to animals or nonhuman objects	74
2745490833	point of view	the vantage point from which a story it told	75
2745490834	quatrain	a stanza having four lines especially one having alternate rhymes	76
2745490835	prose	ordinary writing as distinguished from verse	77
2745490836	rhetoric	art of presenting ideas in a clear and persuasive manner	78
2745490837	sarcasm	use of irony to mock	79
2745490838	satire	use of humor to emphasize human weakness or imperfections	80
2745490839	soliloquy	an extended speech where a character expresses his thoughts	81
2745490840	semantics	the study of meaning	82
2745490841	style	combination of distinctive features of a literary work	83
2745490842	subject complement	the adjective noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb	84
2745490866	subordinate clause	a clause dependent on a main clause	85
2745490867	syllogism	a three part argument in which a conclusion is based on a major and minor premise	86
2745490868	symbol	an object that is used to represent something else	87
2745490869	synecdoche	using one part of an object to represent the entire object	88
2745490870	synesthesia	describing one kind of sensation in terms of another	89
2745490871	syntax	manner in which words are arranged into sentences	90
2745490872	theme	universal meaning of work	91
2745490873	thesis	a central idea of work	92
2745490874	tone	attitude of a writer	93
2745490875	transition	a passage that connects a topic to another	94
2745490876	understatement	ironic minimalizing of a flat	95
2745490877	wit	mental sharpness	96
2745490878	tricolon	a series of three parallel words phrases or clauses	97
2745490879	vernacular	language or dialect spoken by the ordinary person in a particular country or region	98
2745490880	anaphora	repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of consecutive lines or sentences	99

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AP Literature Vocabulary Flashcards

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4323185264	Allegory	a figure of speech in which abstract ideas and principles are described in terms of characters, figures and events.	0
4323186768	Alliteration	a stylistic device in which a number of words, having the same first consonant sound, occur close together in a series.	1
4323186769	Allusion	a brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance.	2
4323187653	Ambiguity	a word, phrase, or statement which contains more than one meaning.	3
4323187654	Anachronism	an error of chronology or timeline in a literary piece	4
4323191733	Analogy	a comparison in which an idea or a thing is compared to another thing that is quite different from it.	5
4323192459	Anapest	a poetic device defined as a metrical foot in a line of a poem stressed (/) stressed(/) unstressed (U)	6
4323192460	Anaphora	the deliberate repetition of the first part of the sentence in order to achieve an artistic effect	7
4323193537	Antagonist	a character or a group of characters which stand in opposition to the protagonist or the main character.	8
4323193538	Anticlimax	a disappointing end to an exciting or impressive series of events	9
4323193539	Anti-hero	a central character in a story, movie, or drama who lacks conventional heroic attributes.	10
4323195012	Apostrophe	a figure of speech sometimes represented by exclamation that detaches himself from the reality and addresses an imaginary character in his speech.	11
4323195013	Archetype	a typical character, an action or a situation that seems to represent such universal patterns of human nature.	12
4323196007	Aside	a remark or passage by a character in a play that is intended to be heard by the audience but unheard by the other characters in the play.	13
4323196008	Assonance	when two or more words close to one another repeat the same vowel sound but start with different consonant sounds.	14
4323201148	Ballad	a poem that is typically arranged in quatrains with the rhyme scheme (A-B-A-B) (C-D-C-D) (E-F-E-F) (G-H-G-H) (I-I)	15
4323201149	Bildungsroman	literary device that focuses on the coming-of-age story of the main character	16
4323202096	Caesura	a break between words within a metrical foot.	17
4323202899	Catharsis	an emotional discharge through which one can achieve a state of liberation from anxiety and stress.	18
4323202900	Climax	a structural part of a plot and is at times referred to as a crisis.	19
4323203884	Closed Form	A type of form or structure in poetry characterized by regularity and consistency in elements such as rhyme	20
4323203885	Conceit	an extended metaphor with a complex logic that governs a poetic passage or entire poem.	21

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AP Language: Figurative Language Flashcards

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5047096375	Alliteration	The repetition of the initial consonant. There should be at least two repetitions in a row.	0
5047096376	Example of Alliteration	"Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers."	1
5047096377	Hyperbole	A trope composed of exaggerated words or ideals used for emphasis and not to be taken literally.	2
5047096378	Example of Hyperbole	"I've told you a million times not to call me a liar!"	3
5047096379	Litotes	Understatement for rhetorical effect (especially when expressing an affirmative by negating its contrary).	4
5047096380	Example of Litotes	"I was not a little upset" when you mean "I was very upset" "Not bad at all." "This is no small problem."	5
5047096381	Metaphor	A trope in which a word or phrase is transferred from its literal meaning to stand for something else. Unlike a simile, in which something is said to be "like" something else, a metaphor says something is something else.	6
5047096382	Example of Metaphor	"Debt is a bottomless sea."	7
5047096383	Metonymy	Figure of speech in which the name of an object or concept is replaced with a word closely related to or suggested by the original closely related to or suggested by the original.	8
5047096384	Example of Metonymy	"Crown" to mean "king" ("The power of the crown was mortally weakened") or an author for his works ("I'm studying Shakespeare"). Mark Antony's speech in Julius Caesar in which he asks of his audience: "Lend me your ears."	9
5047096385	Example of Onomatopoeia	Crash, zing, splash, kaboom. Bing.	10
5047096386	Onomatopoeia	A word that imitates the sound it represents.	11
5047096387	Personification	A trope in which human qualities or abilities are assigned to abstractions or inanimate objects.	12
5047096388	Example of Personification	"Integrity thumbs its nose at pomposity."	13
5047096389	Simile	A trope in which one states a comparison between two things that are not alike but have similarities. Unlike metaphors, similes employ "like" or "as."	14
5047096390	Example of Simile	"Her eyes are as blue as a robin's egg."	15
5047096391	Synecdoche	Figure of speech - a part is used for the whole. Or the whole is used for a part.	16
5047096392	Example of Synecdoche--part for whole	Hired hands for workmen	17
5047096393	Example of Synecdoche--whole for part	The law for police officer	18
5047096394	Example of Synecdoche--Specific for the general	Cutthroat for assassin	19
5047096395	Example of Synecdoche--General for the specific	Thief for pickpocket	20
5047096396	Example of Synecdoche--Material for thing made from it	Steel for sword	21
5047096397	Trope	The use of a word, phrase, or image in a way not intended by its normal signification.	22
5047096398	Understatement	A restrained statement that departs from what could be said; a studied avoidance of emphasis or exaggeration, often to create a particular effect	23

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Shakespearean Quotes (AP Literature) Flashcards

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3610852482	Macbeth	Is this a dagger which i see before me	0
3610852483	Macbeth	Out, out, brief candle! Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player that struts and frets his hour upon	1
3610855159	Twelfth Night	Be not afraid of greatness: some are born, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them	2
3610857564	Julius Caesar	Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears.	3
3610857565	Henry V	Men of few words are the best men	4
3611019970	Richard III	Now is the winter of our discontent	5
3611022726	The Merchant of Venice	If you prick, do we not bleed? If you tickle us, do we not laugh?	6
3611026194	The Tempest	O wonder! How many goodly creatures are there here! How beauteous mankind is! O brave new world that has such people in't!	7
3611033149	The Taming of the Shew	There's small choice in rotten apples	8
3611035677	King Lear	Nothing will come of nothing	9
3611037381	Henry V	If we are marked to die, we are enow to do our country loss; and if it to live, the fewer men, the greater share of honour	10
3611042153	As You Like It	All the world's a stage, and all the men and women merely players	11
3611046289	Twelfth Night	If music be the food of love, play on; Give me excess of it, that, surfetting, the appetite may sicken, and so die.	12
3611050627	Othello	Your daughter and the oor are now making the beast w/ two backs	13
3611054321	Much Ado About Nothing	Sigh no more, ladies, sigh no more, Men were deceivers ever, one foot in sea and no one on shore, ...	14
3611057931	Hamlet	To be or ot to be: that is the question	15
3611059486	Hamlet	there is something rotten in state of denmark	16
3611060404	Hamlet	This above all: to thine own self be true	17
3611062169	Macbeth	Nothing is his life became him like the leaving it. He died as one....	18
3611064380	Macbeth	Out damned spot i say	19
3611079548	Julius Causer	[his] spirit, ranging for revenge, w/ Ate by his side come hot from hell...	20
3611083758	Julius Caeser	But, for my own part it was greek to me	21
3611086967	Antony and Cleopatra	The triple pillar of the of the world transformed into a strumpets fool	22
3611092779	Henry VIII	O, how wretched is that poor man that hands on princess favours.	23
3611094800	Henry VIII	had i but seved my god with half the zel i served my king he would not in mine age have left me naked to mine enemies	24
3611097951	Romeo and Juliet	What's in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet	25
3611101478	Romeo and Juliet	A plague o'both your houses	26
3611102868	Romeo and Juliet	Good night, good night. Parting is such sweet sorrow	27
3611110014	As you like it	blow blow thou winters wind! thou art not so unkind as man's ingratitude	28
3611115167	As you like it	the foot doth think he is wise, but the wise man knows himself to be a fool	29
3611117691	Henry V	Men of few words are the best men	30
3611120172	Henry V	But we in it shall be remembered; we few, we happy few, we band of brothers	31
3611131174	King Lear	come not between the dragon and his wrath	32
3611132469	King lear	who is that can tell me who i am	33
3611135431	The taming of the shrew	i burn, i pine, i cherish	34
3611136465	The tempest	Misery acquaints a man w/strange bed fellows	35
3611141249	The merchant of venice	all that glisters is not gold	36
3611142560	the merchant of venice	but love is blind, and lovers cannot see the pretty follies that themselves commit	37
3611145366	richard III	a horse, a horse? my kingdom for a horse	38
3611147739	richard iii	since i cannot prove a lover, i am determined to prove a villain	39
3611149825	richard iii	bloody thou art, bloody will be thy end	40
3611151474	Othello	even now, now, very now, an old black ram is tupping your white ewe	41
3611154165	othello	yet she must die, else she betray more men. put out the light and then put out light	42
3611155656	othello	then you must speak of one who loved not wisely but too well	43
3611158756	much ado about nothing	when i said i would die a bachelor, i did not think i should live till i were married	44
3611164808	much ado about nothing	silence is the perfectest herald of joy. i were but little happy i could say how much	45
3611167055	much ado about nothing	friendships is constant in all other things save in the office and....	46
3611171657	Hamlet	nymph, in my orisons be all my sins remembered	47
3611172578	Hamlet	get thee to a nunnery: why wouldst thou be a breeder of sinners	48
3611176465	hamlet	this above all: to thine own self be true	49
3611178652	midsummer nigts dream	the course of love never did run smooth	50
3611179727	midsummer nights dream	love looks not w/ the eyes, but w/ the mind	51
3611182055	midsummer nights dream	lord what fools these mortals be	52
3611183492	midsummer nights dream	to speak the truth reason and love keep little company together	53
3611186927	Julius Caeser	but for my own part it was greek to me	54
3611188356	julius caesar	cowards die many times before their deaths	55
3611189673	Antony and Cleopatra	i will praise any man who will praise me	56
3611191282	Antony and cleopatra	a woman is a dish for the gods, if the devil dress her not	57
3611193273	romeo and juliet	o happy dagger! this is thy sheath; there rust and let me die	58

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AP Biology Chapter 1 Flashcards

Vocabulary: evolution, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), emergent properties, biosphere, ecosystems, community, population, organism, organs and organ systems, tissues, organelles, cell, molecule, eukaryotic cell, prokaryotic cell, gene, genome, negative feedback, positive feedback, adaptation, inductive reasoning, data, hypothesis, deductive reasoning, controlled experiment, dependent variable, independent variable, theory
Objectives:
After attending lectures and studying the chapter, the student should be able to:
1. Define biology.
2. List and explain the characteristics of life.
a. Define metabolism.
b. Define adaptation.
3. Distinguish between types of organisms by describing the differences between and
give examples of:
a. unicellular and multicellular organisms; and,
b. prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
4. List and explain the levels of biological organization.
5. Relating to major concepts in biology, explain what is meant by:
a. "the cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living things";
b. "the continuity of life depends on the inheritance of biological information";
c. "form fits function";
d. "the unity and diversity of life"; and,
e. "life forms change".
6. Explain why DNA is considered the molecule of inheritance in all organisms.
7. Define evolution.
a. Define population and give examples of characteristics of populations.
b. Explain evolution through natural selection.
c. Explain how adaptations come about through natural selection.
d. Explain why evolution is a central theme in biology.
8. Define science and explain why biology is a science.
9. Distinguish between inductive and deductive reasoning and explain how these
processes of logic are used in science.
10. List in order and explain the logical relationship between the steps of the
scientific method.
11. Explain the difference between hypothesis, theory, and law.
12. Explain the "if . . .

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4182441012	Evolution	Evolution is the process of change that has transformed life on Earth	0
4182441013	DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid: a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix	1
4182441014	Biology	The scientific study of life	2
4182441015	Emergent properties	New properties that arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases.	3
4182441016	Systems Biology	An approach to studying biology that aims to model the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems based on a study of the interactions among the system's parts.	4
4182441017	Eukaryotic Cell	A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Organisms with eukaryotic cells (protists, plants, fungi, and animals) are called eukaryotes.	5
4182441018	Prokaryotic Cell	A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Organisms with prokaryotic cells (bacteria and archaea) are called prokaryotes.	6
4182441019	Gene	A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses).	7
4182441020	Gene expression	The process by which information encoded in DNA directs the synthesis of proteins or, in some cases, RNAs that are not translated into proteins and instead function as RNAs.	8
4182441021	Genome	The genetic material of an organism or virus; the complete complement of an organism's or virus's genes along with its noncoding nucleic acid sequences.	9
4182441022	Biosphere	The entire portion of Earth inhabited by life; the sum of all the planet's ecosystems.	10
4182441023	Ecosystems	All the organisms in a given area as well as the abiotic factors with which they interact; one or more communities and the physical environment around them	11
4182441024	Community	All the organisms that inhabit a particular area; an assemblage of populations of different species living close enough together for potential interaction.	12
4182441025	Population	A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed, producing fertile offspring.	13
4182441026	Organism	a creature such as a plant, animal or a single-celled life form, or something that has interdependent parts and that is being compared to a living creature	14
4182441027	Organs	A specialized center of body function composed of several different types of tissues.	15
4182441028	Organ Systems	A group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions.	16
4182441029	Tissues	An integrated group of cells with a common structure, function, or both.	17
4182441030	Organelles	Any of several membrane-enclosed structures with specialized functions, suspended in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells.	18
4182441031	Cell	The part of a neuron that houses the nucleus and most other organelles.	19
4182441032	Molecule	Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.	20
4182441033	Negative Feedback	A form of regulation in which accumulation of an end product of a process slows the process; in physiology, a primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a change in a variable triggers a response that counteracts the initial change.	21
4182441034	Positive Feedback	A form of regulation in which an end product of a process speeds up that process; in physiology, a control mechanism in which a change in a variable triggers a response that reinforces or amplifies the change.	22
4182441035	Adaptation	Inherited characteristic of an organism that enhances its survival and reproduction in a specific environment.	23
4182441036	Inductive Reasoning	Induction moves from a set of specific observations (humans require organic molecules, fish require organic molecules) to reach a general conclusion (all animals require organic molecules	24
4182441037	Data	Recorded observations.	25
4182441038	Hypothesis	A testable explanation for a set of observations based on the available data and guided by inductive reasoning. A hypothesis is narrower in scope than a theory.	26
4182441039	Deductive Reasoning	A type of logic in which specific results are predicted from a general premise.	27
4182441040	Controlled Experiment	An experiment in which an experimental group is compared with a control group that varies only in the factor being tested.	28
4182441041	Dependent Variable	It is something that depends on other factors.	29
4182441042	Independent Variable	It is a variable that stands alone and isn't changed by the other variables you are trying to measure.	30
4182441043	Theory	An explanation that is broader in scope than a hypothesis, generates new hypotheses, and is supported by a large body of evidence.	31
4182441044	What are the 7 Characteristics of Life?	1. Order 2. Regulation 3. Energy Processing 4. Evolutionary Adaptation 5. Response to the Environment 6. Reproduction 7. Growth and Development	32
4182441045	Metabolism	The totality of an organism's chemical reactions, consisting of catabolic and anabolic pathways, which manage the material and energy resources of the organism.	33
4182441046	Why is Biology a Science?	Biology is a science since it takes care to interpret the nature, according to the scientific method, which establishes the resolution of hypotheses raised by the researcher, by means of using different techniques for the creation of representative models of nature.	34
4182441047	Distinguish between Inductive and Deductive Reasoning	Inductive reasoning derives generalizations from specific cases and deductive reasoning predicts specific outcomes from general premises.	35
4182441048	What are the 7 steps of the Scientific Method?	1. Observe 2. Research 3. Form a hypothesis 4. Test the hypothesis 5. Analyze results and draw conclusions 6. Report your findings 7. Conduct more research	36
4182441049	What is the difference between hypothesis, theory and law?	The Difference between a Hypothesis a Theory and a Law there are very distinct. A hypothesis is a statement that can be tested. A theory is a statement that has not been tested. A Law is a statement that is relevant and is true.	37
4182441050	What is the difference between observational and experimental investigations?	Observational investigations do not manipulate data	38
4182441051	What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?	Quantitative data includes recorded measurements which can be organized into tables or graphs and qualitative data would include observations	39
4182441052	What is the relationship between the conclusion and the hypothesis?	The conclusion is a statement about the experiment's results. As a report of your data, it can't be considered wrong even if the results don't support your hypothesis. You have learned that your hypothesis does not answer your original research question.	40
4182441053	What are the three domains by which all living organisms are classified?	Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya	41
4182441054	What are the 4 kingdoms in the Domain Eukarya?	Plantae Animalia Fungi Protista	42
4182441055	What are Bacteria?	All unicellular prokaryotic (no nucleus) organisms with peptidoglycan in their cell walls	43
4182441056	What is the Theory of Natural Selection?	A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits.	44
4182441057	How do we distinguish between results(data) and conclusions?	Results are measurable data and a conclusion is a report about what you learned based on w the results	45
4182441058	Concept 1.2: Why is evolution considered the core theme of biology?	Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life and it explains the most fundamental aspects of all life on earth. It accounts for the common features shared by all forms of life due to the descent from a common ancestor.	46
4182441059	Concept 1.3: How could natural selection have led to the evolution of adaptations such as the thick, water conserving leaves of the mother of pearl plant?	Ancestors of this plant may have exhibited variation in how well their leaves conserved water. Because not much soil is present in the crevices where these plants are found, the variant plans that could conserve water may hav survived better and been able to produce more offspring.	47
4182441060	Define Biology? What is the definition of Biology	Biology is the scientific study of life	48
4182441061	What is the molecule that can account for both the unity and the diversity of life?	DNA	49
4182441062	What is the appropriate term for an interacting group of individuals of a single type occupying a defined area?	A Population	50
4182441063	How would you define a Eukaryotic cell?	A eukaryotic cell has membrane-enclosed organelles, the largest of which is usually the nucleus	51
4182441064	How would you define a prokaryotic cell?	A prokaryotic cell is simpler and usually smaller, and does not contain a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles	52
4182441065	What is deductive reasoning?	Deductive reasoning uses general premises to make specific predictions	53
4182441066	What are the 7 Properties/Characteristics of Life	1. Order 2. Regulation 3. Energy Processing 4. Evolutionary Adaptation 5. Response to the Environment 6. Reproduction 7. Growth and Development	54
4182441067	What is reductionism?	The approach of reducing complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study.	55
4182441068	What are the 10 levels of Biological Organization?	1. Biosphere 2. Ecosystem 3. Communities 4. Populations 5. Organisms 6. Organs and Organ Systems 7. Tissues 8. Cells 9. Organelles 10. Molecules	56
4182441069	Cell	The lowest level of organization that can perform all activities required for life	57
4182441070	What is a theory?	A theory is a statement that has not been tested	58
4182441071	What is a law?	A Law is a statement that is relevant and is true.	59
4182441072	What is a hypothesis?	A hypothesis is a statement that can be tested	60
4182441073	What are data?	Data are recorded observations or items of information	61
4182441074	Of the three domains Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya, which one is prokayotic?	Archaea	62
4182441075	The energy used by most organisms for metabolism and growth ultimately comes from....	The sun	63
4182441076	Eukaryotic organisms that decompose dead organisms and absorb the nutrients are generally found in which kingdom?	Fungi	64
4182441077	All the organisms on a campus make up...	a community	65

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Biochemistry Flashcards

Biochemistry words for Middle School life science students

Terms : Hide Images

5356269036	protein	made up of chains of amino acids	0
5356269037	amino acids	many joined together to form a protein	1
5356269038	amino acids	there are about 20 different ones in cells	2
5356269039	enzyme	a protein which speeds up a chemical reaction in cells	3
5356269040	protein	in cell membranes they allow things to pass through	4
5356269041	carbohydrates	compounds made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen	5
5356269042	carbohydrates	sugar and starch are examples of this group	6
5356269043	sugar	a simple carbohydrate molecule	7
5356269044	starch	a large carbohydrate molecule	8
5356269045	cell wall	a structure made of the carbohydrate cellulose	9
5356269046	DNA	a nucleic acid found in all living organisms	10
5356269047	nucleic acids	DNA and RNA are examples of this group of molecules	11
5356269048	lipid	most of the cell membrane is this kind of molecule	12
5356269049	cell membrane	a cell structure made of lipids and protein	13
5356269050	chromosome	found in the nucleus, made of DNA twisted round protein	14
5356269051	DNA	genetic information is stored in this molecule	15
5356269052	cellulose	the carbohydrate which makes up cell walls	16
5356269053	DNA		17

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AP Literature Vocab Review Flashcards

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4850134110	allegory	a narrative that has at least two levels of meaning	0
4850134111	antagonist	the character who usually has evil or distasteful qualities but they are not all bad	1
4850134112	denotation	a word's literal meaning	2
4850134113	connotation	association evoked by a word beyond its literal meanin	3
4850134114	detail	fact revealed by the author or speaker that support the attitude or tone	4
4850134115	dialect	regional variety of a language distinguished by pronunciation, grammar, or vocabulary	5
4850134116	dialogue	character's voice	6
4850134117	first person point of view	the character tells the story as though it has happened to him	7
4850134118	foil	a character who, by contrast with the main character, serves to accentuate that character's distinctive qualities	8
4850134119	imagery	the actual language that a writer uses to convey a visual picture	9
4850134120	mood	general feeling created in the reader	10
4850134121	satire	a work that targets vices and follies for reform and ridicule	11
4850134122	suspense	what builds the reader's attention	12
4850134123	third person omniscient	the author tells the story as though he knows everything about all of the characters	13
4850134124	vocabulary	the degree of difficulty, complexity, abstractness, formality	14
4850134125	catharsis	a dramatic, serious, or complete action that allows the character to experience a "purification"	15
4850134126	conflict	a confrontation or struggle between opposing characters or forces in the plot	16
4850134127	diction	a speaker's word choice intended to convey a certain effect	17
4850134128	epiphany	insight or revelation gained	18
4850134129	indirect characterization	author presents the characters talking and acting and leaves the reader to infer the motives and dispositions that lie behind what they say and do	19
4850134130	meter	rhythm that continuously repeats a single basic pattern	20
4850134131	protagonist	the most important or leading character in a work	21
4850134132	rhythm	the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a sentence or line of poetry	22
4850134133	spatial	organization of information using cues such as top to bottom	23
4850134134	static	character stays the same throughout the work from beginning to end	24
4850134135	style	the devices the author uses to express his or her thoughts and convey the work's subject matter	25
4850134136	third person limited	the author tells the story as thought he or she can only perceive the thoughts of one of the characters	26
4850134137	chronological	order of events in which they occur	27
4850134138	direct characterization	author intervenes authoritatively in order to describe, and often to evaluate, the motives and dispositional qualities of the characters	28
4850134139	flashback	a scene that interrupts the present action of a narrative work to depict some earlier event	29
4850134140	flat	undeveloped characters	30
4850134141	foreshadowing	a technique by which an author suggests or predicts an outcome of plot	31
4850134142	hubris	arrogance before the gods	32
4850134143	round	characters that are fully developed	33
4850134144	tone	writer's or speaker's attitude toward the subject and audience	34
4850134145	transitional devices	techniques used to connect different events or ideas	35
4850134146	hamartia	tragic flaw	36
4850134147	motif	a unifying element in an artistic work	37
4850134148	motivation	the mixture of situation and personality that impels a character to behave the way he or she does	38
4850134149	rhyme	repetition of sounds at the end of words	39
4850134150	stock	a stereotyped character	40
4850134151	euphemism	a mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing.	41
4850134152	visual imagery	deals with sight	42
4850134153	auditory imagery	deals with hearing	43
4850134154	tactile imagery	deals with touch	44
4850134155	papillary imagery	deals with taste	45
4850134156	olfactory imagery	deals with smell	46
4850134157	personification	the attribution of human like characters to inanimate or nonhuman things	47
4850134158	juxtaposition	the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.	48
4850134159	ellipsis	. . .	49
4850134160	apostrophe	address(location) of an inanimate object or someone who is not alive	50
4850134161	metonymy	the substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant, for example suit for business executive, or the track for horse racing.	51
4850134162	antithesis	a figure of speech in which an opposition or contrast of ideas is expressed by parallelism of words that are the opposites of, or strongly contrasted with, each other, such as "hatred stirs up strife, but love covers all sins"	52
4850134163	synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa, as in Cleveland won by six runs (meaning "Cleveland's baseball team").	53
4850134164	allusion	brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance	54
4850134165	oxymoron	a figure of speech in which two opposite ideas are joined to create an effect	55
4850134166	paradox	a statement that appears to be self-contradictory or silly but may include a latent truth	56
4850134167	pun	a play on words in which a humorous effect is produced by using a word that suggests two or more meanings or by exploiting similar sounding words having different meanings	57
4850134168	assonance	takes place when two or more words close to one another repeat the same vowel sound but start with different consonant sounds; ex. Men sell the wedding bells.	58
4850134169	consonance	repetitive sounds produced by consonants within a sentence or phrase	59
4850134170	dramatic irony	audience knows more about the situations, the causes of conflicts and their resolutions before leading characters or actors	60
4850134171	situational irony	it occurs when incongruity appears between expectations of something to happen, and what actually happens instead	61
4850134172	verbal irony	occurs when a speaker speaks something contradictory to what he intends to	62
4850134173	sarcasm	the use of irony to mock or convey contempt.	63

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AP Literature: Archetypes Flashcards

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5003871542	Carl Jung	First applied the term archetype to literature; universal patterns in all stories and mythologies regardless of culture or historical period and hypothesized that part of the human mind contained a collective unconscious shared by all members of the human species=universal primal memory.	0
5003890705	Hero as Warrior	A near god-like hero who faces physical challenges and external enemies -Odysseus	1
5003902404	Hero as Lover	A pure love motivates the hero to complete the quest -Prince Charming	2
5003907327	Hero as Scapegoat	Hero suffers for the sake of others. The hero, with whom the welfare of the tribe or nation is identified, must die to atone for the people's sins and return the land to fruitfulness -Jesus	3
5003956809	Transcendent Hero	The hero of tragedy whose fatal flaw brings about his downfall, but not without achieving some kind of transforming realization or wisdom. -Oedipus, Hamlet, Macbeth	4
5003971251	Romantic/Gothic Hero	Hero/lover with a decidedly dark side -Mr. Rochester	5
5003981408	Proto-Feminist HEro	Female heros -The Awakening	6
5003988214	Apocalyptic Hero	Hero who faces the possible destruction of society	7
5003990585	Anti-Hero	A non-hero, given the vocation of failure, frequently humorous. -Homer Simpson	8
5004003752	Defiant Anti-Hero	Opposer of society's definition of heroism/goodness	9
5004012258	Unbalanced Hero	The protagonist who has or must pretend to have a mental or emotional deficiency -Hamlet, The One Who Flew Over the Cuckoo's NEst	10
5004027909	The Other-The Denied Hero	The protagonist whose status or essential otherness makes heroism possible -Invisible Man	11
5004036757	The Superheroic	Exaggerates the normal proportions of humanity; frequently divine or supernatural in origins. -Someone who is apart, does not belong, but who is nonetheless needed by society -Superman	12
5004069083	Departure, Initiation, The Road of Trails, The Innermost Cave, Return and Reintegration with Society	The stages of the Hero's Journey	13
5004058984	Departure	Stage 1: The hero is called to adventure, although he is reluctant to accept.	14
5004083359	Initiation	Stage 2: The hero crosses the threshold into a new, more dangrous world, gaining a more mature perspective. The hero undergoes a series of ordeal and becomes mature and becomes a full fledged member of a social group. Occurs in three phases: Separation, transformation, and return.	15
5004105202	The Road of Trials	Stage 3: The hero is given supernatural aid, endures a test of strength, resourcefulness, and endurance.	16
5004130534	The Innermost Cave	The hero descends into a place of great trial. Because of this trial, the hero is reborn in some way physically, spiritually, or emotionally.	17
5004156243	Return and Integration with Society	The hero uses the new wisdom ti restore fertility and order to the land.	18
5004171633	The Hero	-A protagonist whose life is a series of well marked adventures. -Circumstances of birth are unusual and is raised by a guardian. -Have to leave his kingdom only to return upon reaching manhood. -Characterized by courage, strength, and honor. -Will endure hardship and risk life for good of all. -Leaves familiar to enter an unfamiliar and challenging world. --King Arthur; Hercules	19
5004208164	Young Man from the Proviences	The Hero returns to his home and heritage where he is a stranger who can see new problems and new solutions. --Robin Hood --Edward Dante	20
5004220598	The Initates	Young heroes who must go through some training and ceremony before undertaking their quest -Harry Potter and Company	21
5004229860	Mentor	-Often old wise man r teacher; often serves as father or mother figure. -Gives hero gifts -Serves as hero's conscience -Appears when everything looks hopeless for hero and needs profound reflection -Represents the though or great idea that saves the hero -Gandolf, Dumbledor, Yoda	22
5004250349	Mentor Pupil Relationship	In this relationship, the mentor teaches the pupil the necessary skills for surviving the quest. -Brom and Eragon	23
5004339357	Threshold Gardian	Tests the Hero's worthiness at the beginning of the Journey - Spinx, Fuffy, Cerberus	24
5004351345	Father-Son Conflict	In this relationship, the tension is built due to separation from childhood or some other source when the two meet as men. -Galavants	25
5004371146	Hunting Group of Companions	These are loyal companions willing to face hardship and ordeal in order to stay together -Merry Men, Knights or Round Table	26
5004406519	Loyal Retainers	Their duty is to reflect the nobility and power of the hero -Chorus	27
5004416310	Friendly Beast	An animal companion showing that nature is on the side of the hero -Aslan, Bandersnatch, Birds	28
5004422416	The Shadow	A worthy apponent with whom the hero must struggle in a fight to the end. Must be neutralized. Physiologically represents the darker side of the hero's own psyche. -Voldemort, Joker	29
5004451834	The Devil Figure	The character that is evil incarnate -Satan, Frollo	30
5004457575	The Evil Figure with a Ultimately Good Heart	A devil figure with the potential to do good. Person who is usually saved by the love of the hero -The Grinch, Murtag	31
5004471220	The Creature of Nightmare	A monster summoned from the deepest, darkest part of the human psyche to threaten the lives of the hero. Often a perversion or desecration of the human body. -Orcs, Frankenstein's Monster	32
5004481740	The Scapegoat	An animal, or more usually a human, whose death in a public ceremony expiates some taint or sin of the community. Often more powerful in life than in death. -Jesus, Aslan, Edward Dante	33
5004498343	The Outcast	A character banished from a social group for some real or imagined crime against his fellow man, usually destined to wander from place to place. -Quasimodo, Oedipus	34
5004525927	The Platonic Ideal	A woman who is a source of inspiration to the hero, who has intellectual rather than physical attraction to her. -Miss Temple, Herminoe	35
5004534330	Damsel in Distress	A vulnerable woman who needs to be rescued by the hero. She is often used as a trap to ensnare the unsuspecting hero. -Sleeping Beauty, Han Solo	36
5004550032	The Earth Mother	Symbolic of fruition, abundance, and fertility. -Traditionally offers spiritual and emotional nourishment to those with whom she come into contact with. -Often depicted in earth colors, has large breasts and hips. -May have dual aspect-self sacrificing, forbearing, accepting everything, forgiving everyone. -Inclined to be attracted to failures-finds strength in adversities. -Hestia, Grandmother Willow, Mrs. Weasly	37
5004584038	The Temptress or Black Goddess	Characterized by sensuous beauty, this woman is the one to whom the protagonist is physiclay attracted to and who ultimatyl brings about his downfall. -Witch or Vampire -Sirens, Circe	38
5004598007	White Goddess	Good, beautiful maiden, usually blond, may make and ideal marriage partner; often has religious or intellectual overtones. -Snow White, Gladrial	39
5004613885	Unfaithful Wife	A woman married to a man she sees as dull or distant and is attracted to a more virile or interesting man. -Daisy, Murrial, Edna	40
5004620306	Star Crossed Lovers	Two characters in a love affair fated to end tragically for one or both due to the disapproval of society, friends, family, or some tragic situation. -Romeo and Juliet	41
5004637623	Light vs Darkness	Light usually suggests hope, renewal, or intellectual illumination; darkness implies the unkwon, ignorance, or despair.	42
5004646684	Innate Wisdom vs Educated Stupidity	Some characters exhibit wisdom and understanding of situations instinctively as opposed to the supposedly in charge. Loyal retainers often exhibit this wisdom as they accompany the hero on the journey.	43
5004660639	Supernatural Intervention	Spiritual beings intervene on the side of the hero or sometimes against him.	44
5004672963	Fire and Ice	Fire represents knowledge, light, life, or rebirth; while ice, like the desert, represents ignorance, darkness, sterility, and death.	45
5004695764	Nature vs Mechanistic World	Nature is good while technology is evil	46
5004697643	The Threshold	Gateway to a new world which the hero must enter to change and grow.	47
5004702355	The Underworld	A place of death or metaphorically an encounter with the dark side of self. Entering this is a form of facing a fear of death.	48
5004714933	Haven vs Wilderness	Places of saftey contrast sharply against a dangerous wilderness. Heroes often find shelter her for a time to regain health and resources.	49
5004745717	Water vs Desert	-The mystery of creation; birth-death-resurrection. -Purification and redemption -Fertility and growth -Unconsciousness-sea mother of all life, spiritual mystery and infinity -Timelessness and eternity Transition -Water = Birth symbol -Desert= Opposite.	50
5004794178	Heavan vs Hell	Man has traditionally associated parts of the universe not accessible to him with the dwelling places of the primordial forces that govern his world. -Sky and mountain tops house the gods, -Bowels of earth contain diabolic forces.	51
5004821172	The Crossroads	A place or time of decision when a realization is made and change or penance results.	52
5004827123	The Maze	A puzzling middleman or great uncertainty, search for the dangerous monster inside oneself, or a journey into the heart of darkness.	53
5004841385	The Castle	A strong place of safety which holds treasure or princesses; may be enchanted or bewitched.	54
5004847741	The Tower	A strong place of evil, represents isolation of self	55
5004851435	The Magic Weapon	The weapon the hero needs in order to complete the quest.	56
5004860628	The Whirlpool	Symbolizes the destructive power of nature or fate.	57
5004867201	Fog	Symbolizes uncertainty	58
5004869457	Red	Blood, sacrifice, passion, disorder	59
5004871983	Green	Growth, sensation, hope, fertility -also death and decay	60
5004877103	Blue	Highly positive, security, tranquility, religious feeling, spiritual purity, truth	61
5004884367	Black	Darkness, chaos, mystery, the unknown, death, wisdom, evil, melancholy	62
5004911870	White	A positive force- light, purity, innocence, timelessness. -Negative-death, horror, supernatural, blinding truth of an inscrutable cosmic mystery.	63
5004927142	Yellow	Enlightenment, wisdom -Sickness, decay	64
5004933643	3	Light, spiritual awareness, unity, male principle.	65
5004937182	4	Associated with the circle, life cycle, seasons -Female principle Earth, nature, elements	66
5004944997	7	Most potent of all symbolic numbers and signifying the union of three and four - the completion of a cycle, perfect order, perfect number -passage of time and life.	67
5004953229	The Sun	Fire and sky are closely related -Creative energy - Law in nature -Consiouness/ thinking, enlightenment, wisdom, spiritual vision -passage of time and life	68
5004983551	Circle	Wholeness and unity -In traditon, this symbol is united with a triangle and the square to show the union of 3,4,7 in perfection	69
5004997038	Egg / Oval	The mystery of life and forces of generation	70
5005000373	Yin Yang	A chinese symbol repersenting the union of the apposing forces of yang (masculine, light, activity) and yin (female, darknessm passivivty)	71
5005013894	Serpent	Snake or worm -Symbol of energy and pure life force -evil corruption, destruction -Sensuality, mystery, the unconsious	72
5005022169	Garden	Paridise, innocence, unspoiled beauty	73
5005043885	Tree	Denotes life of the cosmos. -Stands for inexhaustible life and is a symbol of immortailty	74
5005057016	Creation	The most fundamental of all archetypal motifs- every mythology is built on some account of how the cosmos, nature and man were brought into existence by some supernatural Being.	75
5005070624	Immortatlity	A fundamental archetype. -Escape from time-state of perfect timeless bliss enjoyed by man before the tragic fall into corruption and mortality -Mystical submersion into cyclical time-endless life and regenertation	76
5005085240	Transformation	Belief that gods have the power of assuming other forms -physical, spiritual, social -werewolf, enterprise, birds, -idea of rebirth	77
5005108151	Prophecy and Fulfillment	Assumes a planned universe and existence of supernatural forces. -Temple of Apollo, Oracle of Delphi -Prophet not held responsible	78
5005117998	Initiation	Rites of passage: birth, death, marriage, ceremonies -Idea of rebirth -No formula ritual needed -Candidate usually has partial awareness that he crosses the threshold and and that this boundary will have the effect of forever separating him from his boyhood. -Innocence to knowledge -Awareness but not defeat or annihilation	79
5005153916	Return to Womb	Freud: Two instincts: instinct to life (eros) and instinct to death (Thanatopsis) -Human behavior is struggle between good and evil -Individual feels inadequate to the life challenge; longs for a state of peace and security -Occurs most frequently in advanced or specailized cultures -Evident in climate of existentialism.	80
5005186362	The Quest	What the Hero must accomplish in order to bring fertility back to the wasteland, usually in search for some talisman, which will restore peace, order, and normalcy to a troubled land.	81
5005206962	The Task	The nearly superhuman feats the hero must preform in order to accomplish the quest.	82
5005214097	The Journey	Sends the hero in search of some truth that will help save the kingdom.	83
5005222500	The Ritual	The actual ceremonies the Initiate experiences that will mark his rite of passage into another state. A clear sign of the character's role in society.	84
5005238639	The Fall	The descent from a higher to a lower state of being usually as a punishment for a transgression. Involves the loss of innocence.	85
5005250715	Death and Rebirth	The most common of all situational archetypes, this motif grows out of a parallel btw the cycle of nature and the cycle of life. -Morning and springtime represent birth, youth, or rebirth -Evening and winter represent old age or death.	86
5005274150	Battle Between Good and Evil	A battle between two primal forces. Mankind shows eternal optimisom in the continual portrayal of good triumphing over evil despite great odds.	87
5005283155	The Unhealable Wound	Either a physical or psychological wound that cannot be fully healed. Symbolizes loss of innocence.	88

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AP Literature terms Flashcards

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3569426621	synecdoche	figure of speech in which part is made to represent the whole or vice versa	0
3569428511	metonymy	substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant	1
3569432169	apostrophe	figure of speech where the speaker talks to something non-human	2
3569436187	phlegmatic	having an unemotional and stolidly calm disposition	3
3569437142	spelentic	bad-tempered; spiteful	4
3569438912	sanguine	optimistic or positive especially in a difficult situation	5
3569442577	choleric	bad-tempered or irritable	6
3569443803	strumpet	promiscuous woman	7
3569445113	sycophant	person who acts obedient toward someone important to gain advantage	8
3569447324	unctuous	excessively or ingratiatingly flattering	9
3569449821	pragmatic	dealing with things sensibly and realistically	10
3569453703	auspicious	conducive to success; favorable	11
3569457954	perquisite	a thing regarded as a special right as a result of one's position	12
3569460845	stoic	a person who can endure pain or hardship without showing feelings or complaining	13
3569521880	hackneyed	lacking significance through overuse; trite	14
3569523325	jaded	tired, bored, lacking enthusiasm	15
3569525089	jejune	naive, simplistic, dry, uninteresting	16
3569540957	solipsist	theory that only the self exists	17
3569545419	trite	lacking originality; uninteresting	18
3569547330	hamarita	fatal flaw leading to a tragic downfall of a hero	19
3569553537	hubris	excessive pride and self confidence	20
3569563482	didactic	intended to teach with moral instruction as an ulterior motive	21
3569567692	itinerant	traveling from place to place	22
3569568541	mawkish	sentimental in a feeble or sickly way	23
3569578405	ameliorate	make something better	24
3569579669	superficial	appearing to be true until examined more closely	25
3569581583	archetype	typical example of a certain person or thing	26
3569585046	egregious	shockingly bad; lowest of the low	27
3569585943	fastidious	very attentive to detail; concerned with detail	28
3569588473	ephemeral	lasting for a very short time	29
3569592404	vacillate	alternate between different opinions or actions	30
3569594009	apocryphal	of doubtful authenticity; but widely circulated as true	31
3569602367	altruistic	selfless concern for the well-being of others; unselfish	32
3569604240	prolepsis	anticipation and answering of possible objections in rhetorical speech	33
3569610273	innate	inborn; natural	34
3569611261	dramatic irony	characters are oblivious of the situation but the audience is not	35
3569614434	cryptic	having a meaning that is mysterious or obscure	36
3569616787	banal	so lacking in originality as to be obvious an boring	37
3569619734	philanthropy	desire to promote the welfare of others expressed by generous donations of money and goods	38
3569623062	stentorian	loud and powerful voice	39
3569624325	taciturn	reserved or uncommunicative in speech; saying little	40
3569633780	epigram	short, satirical poem with a witty ending	41
3569636527	preclude	prevent from happening	42
3569638470	prodigal	wastefully extravagant	43
3569641310	languid	lack of physical exertion; slow, relaxed effort	44
3569650304	enervate	to weaken	45
3569650305	disparage	regard as being of little worth	46
3569661548	cupidity	greed for money and possessions	47
3569662318	apathy	lack of interest or caring	48
3569663721	augment	make greater by adding to it	49
3569664786	reticent	not revealing one's thoughts or feelings readily	50
3569665797	incoherent	expressed in an incomprehensible way	51
3569670207	importune	ask pressingly and persistently for	52
3569672882	extol	praise enthusiastically	53
3569673698	enigma	person or thing that is mysterious and puzzling	54
3569715271	repudiate	refuse to accept or associate with	55
3569717441	shibboleth	custom or belief distinguishing a group of people, especially one regarded as outmoded or no longer important	56
3569723030	relegate	consign or dismiss to an inferior rank or position	57
3569727537	dogmatic	inclined to lay down principles as incontrovertibly true	58
3569730771	adamant	refusing to be persuaded or change one's mind	59
3569733064	indolent	wanting to avoid activity or exertion; lazy	60
3569735296	nihilism	extreme skepticism maintaining that nothing in the world has a real existence	61
3569741031	ascetic	a person who practices severe self-discipline and abstention	62
3569743546	elucidate	make something clear; explain clearly	63
3569744834	complacent	showing smug or uncritical satisfaction with oneself and accomplishments	64
3569747649	germane	relevant to a subject under consideration	65
3569748967	mitigate	make less severe, serious, or painful	66
3569767197	immutable	unchanging over time or unable to be changed	67
3569806302	hedonist	a person who believes that the pursuit of pleasure is the most important thing in life	68
3569810078	incongruous	not in harmony or keeping with the aspects of something	69
3569886841	esoteric	intended for or likely to understood by a small # of people with specialized knowledge/interest	70
3569890342	ambivalent	having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone	71
3569896435	atrophy	waste away; decrease due to lack of use	72
3569898788	engender	cause or give rise to a feeling, situation or condition	73
3569902647	congenial	pleasant or agreeable because it's suited to one's tast or inclination	74
3569908978	abate	cause to become smaller or less intense	75
3569911056	acrimonious	speech/attitude that is angry and bitter	76
3569913819	ambiguous	open to more than one interpretation; double meaning	77
3569916468	candid	truthful and straightforward	78
3569917896	discern	to perceive or recognize	79
3569919082	abstract	existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence	80
3569922260	temper	serve as a neutral or counteracting part to something	81
3569927001	eccentric	unconventional and slightly strange	82
3569928198	servile	having or showing an excessive willingness to serve or please others	83
3569930772	virulent	of disease/poison; extremely severe or harmful in its effects	84
3569934680	aesthetic	concerned with beauty or appreciation of beauty	85
3569939048	guile	sly or cunning intelligence	86
3569939049	incessant	re: unpleasant; continuing without pause or interruption	87
3569942621	excoriate	censure or criticize severly	88
3569943839	euphony	quality of being pleasing to the ear, especially through a harmonious combination of words	89
3569948615	depravity	moral corruption; wickedness	90
3569951591	curmudgeon	a bad-tempered or surly person	91
3569953358	milquetoast	person who is timid or submissive	92
3569958277	picaresque	episodic style of fiction dealing with the adventures of a rough and dishonest but appealing hero	93
3569961649	bathos	effect of anticlimax created by an unintentional lapse in mood from the sublime to the trivial/ridiculous	94
3569968877	scansion	rhythm of a line of verse	95
3569971090	incredulous	unwilling or unable to believe something	96
3569974277	inexorable	impossible to stop or prevent. a person impossible to persuade by request or entreaty	97
3569977623	inveterate	having a particular habit that is long-established and unlikely to change	98
3570035786	offal	refuse or waste material	99
3570036913	motley	unorganized, diverse group	100
3570038423	poltroon	an utter coward	101
3570038424	exhort	strongly encourage or urge someone to do something	102
3570040637	gauche	lacking ease or grace; unsophisticated and socially awkward	103
3570044035	gratis	free of charge	104
3570046033	ignominious	deserving or causing public disgrace or shame	105
3570050012	dolorous	feeling or expressing great sorrow or distress	106
3570051207	undaunted	not intimidated or discouraged by difficulty, danger or disappointment	107
3570056479	dirge	a lament for the dead, especially one forming part of a funeral rite	108
3570060185	dissipated	person/way of life...overindulging in sensual pleasures	109
3570062648	carnal	relating to physical, especially sexual, needs and activities	110
3570064625	depraved	morally corrupt; wicked	111
3570065892	chasten	have a restraining or moderating effect upon	112
3570069827	denouement	final part of a play/movie in which the strands of the plot are drawn together and matters are explained	113
3570096405	libertine	a person who rejects accepted opinions in matter of religion; a freethinker. behaving without morals	114
3570101332	satyr	one of a class of lustful, drunken woodland gods	115
3570104697	urban	suave, courteous and refined in manner	116
3570106216	rustic	of or relating to the countryside; rural	117
3570117503	vestige	a trace of something that is disappearing or no longer exists	118
3570118921	expository	intended to explain or describe something	119
3570122891	lassitude	a state of physical or mental weariness; lack of energy	120
3570124388	prosody	the patterns of rhythm and sound used in poetry	121
3570130541	precis	a summary or abstract of a text or speech	122
3570132269	burlesque	absurd or comically exaggerated imitation of something; a parody	123
3570135089	chutzpah	shameless audacity; impudence	124
3570138516	mensch	a person of integrity and honor	125
3569589749	vacillate	be indecisive or waver between opinions/actions	126

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AP Literature Vocabulary 1 Flashcards

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4798029151	Sacerdotal	Related to the priest or priesthood (adj)	0
4798031348	Avuncular	Relationship like that of an uncle (adj)	1
4798032464	Plutocratic	Ruled by wealth (adj)	2
4798033069	Salubrious	Healthful (adj)	3
4798034563	Sedentary	"Sitting a lot" or non moving lifestyle (adj)	4
4798039123	Sybaritic	Fond of sensuous luxury or pleasure; self-indulgent (adj)	5
4798041373	Odium	General disgust/hatred (n)	6
4798041951	Affinity	A natural liking; (n)	7
4798043110	Pulchritude	Beauty (n)	8
4798043762	Ubiquitous	Occurring everywhere (adj)	9
4798044878	Trepidation	Fear; apprehension (n)	10
4798045668	Surfeit	Surplus, overabundance, excess (n)	11
4798047558	Approbation	Approval, praise; laudation (n)	12
4798049490	Opprobrium	Harsh criticism (n)	13
4798052144	Autodidact	A self taught person (n)	14

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