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AP Literature Vocab Quiz Flashcards

2206284617	saturnine	(adj) broodingly and sullenly unhappy	0
2206289011	blandishment	(n) excessive, ingratiating praise	1
2206292463	imbroglio	(n) a difficult or intricate situation, a confused heap, a tangle	2
2206295691	adamant	(adj) firmly, often unreasonably immovable in purpose or will	3
2206298649	penury	(n) the condition of being extremely poor	4
2206300856	funereal	(adj) of or relating to a funeral, appropriate for a funeral	5
2206302214	ethereal	(adj) so light and insubstantial as to resemble air or a thin film	6
2206305975	eschew	(v) to keep away from	7
2206310232	curmudgeon	(n) an ill-tempered person full of resentment and stubborn notion	8
2206312546	codicil	(n) a supplement or appendix to a will	9
2206315849	benison	(n) a blessing	10
2206317620	aplomb	(n) a stable, calm state of the emotions; a firm belief in one's own powers	11
2206322173	archaic	(adj) of a style or method formerly in vogue; belonging to or existing in times long past	12
2206324996	billious	(adj) relating to gastric distress caused by a disorder of the liver or gallbladder; appearing affected by these disorders; bile colored; having a peevish disposition	13
2206332097	bedizen	(v) to ornament or dress in a showy or gaudy manner	14
2206333353	abjure	(v) to disavow irrevocably and usually formally	15
2206335837	didactic	(adj) teaching morality; inclined to teach or moralize excessively	16
2206339394	candor	(n) frankness or sincerity of expressions; freedom from prejudice, impartiality	17
2206348715	encomium	(n) an expression of warm approval	18
2206351917	biennial	(adj) occurring every two years	19
2206537604	austerity	(n) the fact or condition of being rigorous and unsparing	20
2206539103	efficacious	(adj) producing or able to produce a desired effect	21
2206545068	exacerbate	(v) to increase the severity, violence, or bitterness of	22
2206551952	explate	(v) to make amends or reparation for	23
2206570446	indigent	(n) an impoverished person; (adj) having little or no money	24
2206574242	meretricious	(adj) tastelessly showy	25
2206576511	impecunious	(adj) having little or no money or wealth	26
2206582028	licentious	(adj) lacking in moral restraint	27
2206585230	obdurate	(adj) completely lacking in compassion; immovable	28
2206606254	adjudicate	(v) to make a decision about after deliberation, as in a court of law	29
2206615458	precipitate	(v) to put down, especially in layers, by a natural process; to engender	30
2206618021	obeisance	(n) an inclination of the head or body; great respect or high public esteem accorded as a right or as due	31
2206622675	onerous	(adj) requiring great or extreme bodily, mental, or spiritual strength	32
2206644592	auspicious	(adj) signaling future success	33
2206651209	debility	(n) the condition of being infirm or physically weak	34
2206653156	concomitant	(n) one that accompanies another; (adj) occurring or existing with	35
2206661332	dessicate	(v) to make or become free of moisture; to make or become no longer active or productive	36
2206662979	heterogeneous	(adj) consisting of a number of different kinds	37
2206664425	patriarch	(n) a man who rules a family, clan, or tribe	38
2206670574	opprobrious	(adj) of, relating to, or characterized by verbal abuse; meriting shame	39

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AP Literature Terms Flashcards

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3665767885	anaphora	the regular repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of two or more successive phrases or clauses.	0
3665776754	chiasmus	a reversal in the word order of words in two otherwise parallel sentences	1
3665782294	apostrophe	the direct address to an absent or dead person, or to an object, quality, or idea.	2
3665790643	hyperbole	a rhetorical figure in which emphasis is achieved through exaggeration	3
3665796471	metaphor	figurative language that describes something as though it actually were something else	4
3665851994	metonymy	the substitution of one term for another that is generally associated with it. (ex. the crown declared that the man would be executed.)	5
3665855766	synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole (ex. all hands on deck)	6
3665867023	onomatopoeia	the use of words that sound like a noise	7
3665869525	paradox	a statement or expression so surprisingly self-contradictory but ends up being true on some level	8
3665883618	parallelism	the use of similar grammatical structures or word order.	9
3665890150	personification	the use of human characteristics to describe animals, things, or ideas.	10
3665896899	point of view	the perspective that a narrator takes toward the events it describes	11
3665904185	protagonist	the central character in a story	12
3665905595	pun	a witty word-play which reveals that words with different meanings have similar or even identical sounds	13
3665910145	satire	writing that ridicules or holds up to contempt the faults of individuals or groups	14
3665920882	polysyndeton	the repetition of conjunctions in a sentence	15
3665924957	asyndeton	the omission of conjunctions in a sentence	16
3665929908	archetype	a symbol found in many cultures	17
3665943360	dramatic irony	a situation where the audience knows something that the characters on stage are not aware of	18
3665952167	allusion	a reference to a piece of literature, character, historical figure that the author assumes the reader will recognize	19
3666026827	dramatic climax	the turning point in a Shakespearean tragedy where the action turns against the protagonist	20
3666036036	diction	the word choices made by a writer	21
3666037710	didactic	having the primary purpose of teaching or instructing	22
3666052891	flat (static) character	a character who embodies a single quality and who does not develop in the course of a story	23
3666059529	dynamic (round) character	a character who undergoes a change or transformation in the course of a story	24
3666063544	exposition	the beginning portion of Freytag's pyramid where the background information, characters and setting are introduced	25
3666067342	exciting force	the spark or complication that "gets the action going" in the play the event that sets the plot into motion	26
3666073892	rising action	Events leading up to the climax	27
3666075102	denouement (catastrophe)	The final outcome of the main dramatic complication in a literary work or the outcome of a complicated sequence of events	28
3666082781	omniscient narrator	a narrator who is able to know, see, and tell all, including the inner thoughts and feelings of the characters	29
3666097652	theme	Central idea of a work of literature	30
3666098956	tone	A writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization on the sentence and global levels.	31
3855209496	deus ex machina	an unexpected power or event saving a seemingly hopeless situation, especially as a contrived plot device in a play or novel	32

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AP Literature - Literary Terms Flashcards

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4792558922	allegory	A story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.	0
4792562362	alliteration	It is a stylistic device in which a number of words, having the same first consonant sound, occur close together in a series.	1
4792562363	allusion	A brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance.	2
4792562364	anagram	a word or phrase spelled by rearranging the letters of another word or phrase	3
4792563495	antecedent	The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.	4
4792563496	antagonist	A character or force in conflict with the main character	5
4792575246	anaphora	A rhetorical figure of repetition in which the same word or phrase is repeated in (and usually at the beginning of) successive lines, clauses, or sentences.	6
4792576343	anastrophe	Inversion of the natural or usual word order	7
4792576344	antithesis	A balancing of two opposite or contrasting words, phrases, or clauses.	8
4792577273	aphorism	A brief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life.	9
4792577274	apostrophe	A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love.	10
4792578477	assonance	Repetition of a vowel sound within two or more words in close proximity	11
4792603548	asyndeton	A series of words separated by commas (with no conjunction), e.g. "I came, I saw, I conquered." The parts of the sentence are emphasized equally; in addition, the use of commas with no intervening conjunction speeds up the flow of the sentence.	12
4792607585	blank verse	Poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter	13
4792612933	caesura	A natural pause or break in a line of poetry, usually near the middle of the line.	14
4792616607	cacophony	Harsh, discordant, or meaningless mixture of sounds	15
4792616608	cadence	Rhythmic rise and fall	16
4792616609	conceit	A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects.	17
4792617470	connotation	All the meanings, associations, or emotions that a word suggests	18
4792617471	consonance	Repetition of a consonant sound within two or more words in close proximity.	19
4792618720	couplet	A pair of rhymed lines that may or may not constitute a separate stanza in a poem.	20
4792618721	dactyl	A stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables	21
4792618722	denotation	Dictionary definition of a word	22
4792620641	denouement	an outcome or solution; the unraveling of a plot	23
4792620642	diction	The choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing	24
4792620643	didactic	Intended to instruct; teaching, or teaching a moral lesson	25
4792648530	dirge	a funeral hymn or mournful speech	26
4792648531	euphemism	An indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant	27
4792649783	end-stopped line	A line that ends with a natural speech pause, usually marked by punctuation	28
4792649784	enjambment	A run-on line of poetry in which logical and grammatical sense carries over from one line into the next.	29
4792649785	epitaph	A brief statement written on a tomb or gravestone	30
4792650836	epic	A long narrative poem, written in heightened language, which recounts the deeds of a heroic character who embodies the values of a particular society	31
4792650837	epistolary	A piece of literature contained in or carried on by letters	32
4792652306	flashback	A method of narration in which present action is temporarily interrupted so that the reader can witness past events	33
4792652307	foreshadowing	A narrative device that hints at coming events; often builds suspense or anxiety in the reader.	34
4792653452	foot	A metrical unit composed of stressed and unstressed syllables.	35
4792653453	frame story	A secondary story or stories embedded in the main story	36
4792654632	free verse	Poetry that does not have a regular meter or rhyme scheme	37
4792654633	genre	A category or type of literature (or of art, music, etc.) characterized by a particular form, style, or content.	38
4792654634	hamartia	tragic flaw which causes a character's downfall	39
4792655640	heroic couplet	A pair of rhymed, iambic pentameter lines.	40
4792655641	hexameter	A line of poetry that has six metrical feet.	41
4792656360	hubris	Excessive pride or arrogance that results in the downfall of the protagonist of a tragedy	42
4792656361	hyperbole	A figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor	43
4792656362	iamb	A common meter in poetry consisting of an unrhymed line with five feet or accents, each foot containing an unaccented syllable and an accented syllable.	44
4792657713	imagery	Descriptive or figurative language in a literary work; the use of language to create sensory impressions.	45
4792657714	irony	A contrast or discrepancy between what is stated and what is really meant, or between what is expected to happen and what actually does happen.	46
4792657715	verbal irony	In this type of irony, the words literally state the opposite of the writer's true meaning	47
4792659013	situational irony	Occurs when the outcome of a work is unexpected, or events turn out to be the opposite from what one had expected	48
4792659014	dramatic irony	Irony that occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play.	49
4792660210	jargon	Special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand	50
4792660211	juxtaposition	Placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts	51
4792661651	kenning	A device employed in Anglo-Saxon poetry in which the name of a thing is replaced by one of its functions or qualities.	52
4792729485	metaphor	A comparison that establishes a figurative identity between objects being compared.	53
4792729486	meter	A regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry	54
4792730243	metonymy	A figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it	55
4792730244	mood	Feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader	56
4792730245	motif	(n.) a principal idea, feature, theme, or element; a repeated or dominant figure in a design	57
4792730803	motivation	A psychological factor that provides a directional force or reason for behavior.	58
4792730804	narration	The purpose of this type of rhetorical mode is to tell the story or narrate an event or series of events.	59
4792731772	novel	A long fictional narrative written in prose, usually having many characters and a strong plot.	60
4792731773	novella	A short novel usually under 100 pages.	61
4792732727	novelette	When a novel is short and has chapters reffered to as vignettes	62
4792732728	octave	a verse form consisting of eight lines of iambic pentameter	63
4792732729	ode	A lyric poem usually marked by serious, respectful, and exalted feelings toward the subject.	64
4792733926	onomatopoeia	A figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words.	65
4792733927	oxymoron	A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.	66
4792734762	paean	song of joy or triumph; a fervent expression of joy	67
4792734763	parable	A simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson	68
4792735585	paradox	A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.	69
4792735586	parallelism	Phrases or sentences of a similar construction/meaning placed side by side, balancing each other	70
4792737177	parody	A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.	71
4792737178	pedantic	An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish.	72
4792737179	pentameter	a rhythm in poetry that has five stressed syllables in each line (five metrical feet)	73
4792738086	persona	A pattern of relatively permanent traits, dispositions, or characteristics that give some consistency to people's behavior.	74
4792738087	personification	A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes	75
4792738088	plot	Sequence of events in a story	76
4792739161	point of view	The perspective from which a story is told	77
4792740103	polysyndeton	Deliberate use of many conjunctions in close succession, especially where some might be omitted. Hemingway and the Bible both use extensively. Ex. "he ran and jumped and laughed for joy"	78
4792742361	prosody	Appropriate expression when reading. Includes pitch (intonation), loudness, stressing phrases, etc.	79
4792742362	protagonist	Chief character in a dramatic or narrative work, usually trying to accomplish some objective or working toward some goal.	80
4792743327	pun	A joke exploiting the different possible meanings of a word or the fact that there are words that sound alike but have different meanings.	81
4792925877	quatrain	4 line stanza	82
4792925878	refrain	A line or set of lines repeated several times over the course of a poem.	83
4792926708	rhetorical question	A question asked merely for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer	84
4792926709	end rhyme	A word at the end of one line rhymes with a word at the end of another line	85
4792926710	eye rhyme	rhyme that appears correct from spelling but does not rhyme because of pronunciation	86
4792927911	forced rhyme	when two words don't really rhyme together, but an author uses similar spelled, or sounding words to try to create a rhyme; Ex: stone, one	87
4792927912	internal rhyme	A word inside a line rhymes with another word on the same line	88
4792927913	slant rhyme	rhyme in which the vowel sounds are nearly, but not exactly the same (i.e. the words "stress" and "kiss"); sometimes called half-rhyme, near rhyme, or partial rhyme	89
4792928884	rhyme scheme	A regular pattern of rhyming words in a poem	90
4792929866	satire	A literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies.	91
4792930685	sestet	a rhythmic group of six lines of verse	92
4792930686	shifts/turns	Changes in the speaker's attitude. Look for key words such as but, yet, however, and although, punctuation, and stanza division.	93
4792931443	sonnet	14-line lyric poem focused on a single theme; usually written in iambic pentameter	94
4792931444	symbol	A thing that represents or stands for something else, especially a material object representing something abstract.	95
4792932428	synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa	96
4792932429	syntax	Arrangement of words in phrases and sentences	97
4792932430	theme	A topic of discussion or writing; a major idea broad enough to cover the entire scope of a literary work.	98
4792933094	tone	A writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization on the sentence and global levels.	99
4792933095	understatement	the presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is.	100
4792933096	villanelle	A French verse form calculated to appear simple and spontaneous but consisting of nineteen lines and a prescribed pattern of rhymes.	101

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Drama terms for AP Literature Flashcards

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3788112445	Nemesis	an opponent that cannot be beaten or overcome or Just punishment; retribution.	0
3788117330	Hubris	Pride that challenges the role of the gods	1
3788126703	Catharsis	An emotional discharge that brings about a moral or spiritual renewal or welcome relief from tension and anxiety	2
3788129871	Tragic flaw	A character trait that leads to the downfall of a hero, while also (often) making him admirable	3
3788141607	Anagnorisis	Recognition of truth about one's self and his actions; moment of clarity	4
3788242265	Buffoon	stupid person; clown	5
3788244485	Comedy	A literary work which ends happily because the hero or heroine is able to overcome obstacles and get what he or she wants.	6
3788246495	Tragedy	A serious form of drama dealing with the downfall of a heroic or noble character	7
3788248801	Romance	an extended narrative about improbable events and extraordinary people in exotic places	8
3788254655	Farce	(n.) a play filled with ridiculous or absurd happenings; broad or far-fetched humor; a ridiculous sham	9
3788254656	Burlesque	a ludicrous, mocking, lewd imitation	10
3788256377	Satire	A literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies.	11
3788258882	Foible	a minor character flaw	12
3788260113	Parody	A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.	13
3788263309	Invective	abusive language	14
3788263310	Inuendo	a hint, indirect suggestion or reference, often in a derogatory sense	15
3788267446	Slapstick	a boisterous comedy with chases and collisions and practical jokes	16
3788269049	Physical Comedy	Slap Stick	17
3788272617	Malapropism	a word humorously misused	18
3788274263	Pun	A play on words	19
3788274264	Irony	A contrast between expectation and reality	20
3788275699	Situational irony	An outcome that turns out to be very different from what was expected	21
3788278369	Verbal Irony	A figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant	22
3788280852	Dramatic Irony	Irony that occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play.	23
3788283632	Sarcasm	A mocking, often ironic or satirical remark.	24
3788285660	Aside	A device in which a character in a drama makes a short speech which is heard by the audience but not by other characters in the play	25
3788285661	Monologue	A long speech made by one performer or by one person in a group.	26
3788288391	Soliloquy	A long speech expressing the thoughts of a character alone on stage	27
3788290591	Stage directions	an instruction in the text of a play, especially one indicating the movement, position, or tone of an actor, or the sound effects and lighting.	28
3788292488	Set	Arrangement of scenery and properties to represent the place where a play or movie is enacted	29
3788295360	Absurd	preposterous	30
3788302030	Understatement	the presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is.	31
3788303633	Hyperbole	An exaggeration	32
3788308311	Pratfall	a fall made on purpose	33
3788311877	Anecdote	A short and amusing or interesting story	34
3788315176	Black Comedy	Disturbing or absurd material presented in a humorous manner, usually with the intention of confronting uncomfortable truths	35
3792556104	Epiphany	A moment of sudden revelation or insight	36

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AP LITERATURE Flashcards

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3083095414	aggrieved	troubled	0
3083095415	degenerate	inferior	1
3083096201	obstinately	stubbornly; inflexibly	2
3083097246	plaintive	mournful; sad	3
3083097988	reticent	restrained or reserved, especially in speech	4
3083099292	taciturnity	silence or extreme reserve; unwillingness to speak	5
3083102160	discomfiture	confusion; embarrassment	6
3083104645	scintillating	brilliant; sparkling	7
3083104646	spectral	ghostly	8
3083105532	almshouse	publicly supported home for the poor; poorhouse	9
3083109687	destitute	lacking the necessities of life; in absolute want	10
3083110888	incessant	continuing without interruption; unceasing	11
3083112122	inexorable	unchangeable; unyielding; unstoppable	12
3083113273	squalid	having a wretched, poverty-stricken appearance	13
3083114746	stoicism	indifference to pleasure or pain; impassivity	14
3083116511	exaltation	feeling of great rapture or well-being	15
3083117866	imploring	asking earnestly	16
3083119288	inarticulate	not clearly expressed	17
3083119289	lineaments	distinctive features, especially of the face	18
3083121162	querulous	whining or complaining	19
3083122183	slatternly	neglected and dirty	20
3083123266	uncouth	odd or clumsy; lacking good manners or grace	21
3083124625	exanimate	showing no sign of life; lifeless	22
3159306653	supercilious	having or showing arrogant superiority	23
3159308494	prodigal	spending money or resources freely and recklessly; wastefully extravagant	24
3159312040	innuendo	an indirect comment about a person or thing, especially a disparaging or derogatory one	25
3159316817	dilatory	tending to delay or procrastinate; slow; tardy	26
3159318499	rancor	bitter, rankling resentment or ill will, hatred, malice	27
3159324085	impetuous	impulsive; characterized by sudden or rash action, emotion, etc.	28
3159327534	garrulous	excessively talkative in a rambling, roundabout manner, esp. about trivial matters	29
3159331837	nebulous	hazy, vague, indistinct, or confused	30
3159334146	punctilious	showing great attention to detail or correct behavior	31
3159336437	ambiguity	open to or having several possible meanings or interpretations	32
3159338532	meretricious	apparently attractive but having in reality no value or integrity	33
3159341116	laudable	deserving praise; commendable	34
3159342775	libertine	a person, especially a man, who behaves without moral principles or responsibility, especially in sexual matters	35
3159347275	prig	a self-righteously moralist person who behaves as if superior to others	36
3159351135	magnanimous	very generous or forgiving, especially toward a rival or someone less powerful than oneself	37
3159354665	erroneous	wrong; incorrect; containing error	38
3159356709	vacuous	having or showing a lack in ideas or intelligence; mindless	39
3159358890	debauchee	a person given to excessive indulgence in sensual pleasures	40
3159360957	redolent	bringing to mind; strongly reminiscent or suggestive of	41
3159364484	feigned	pretended to feel or be affected by something; insincere	42
3159368427	subterfuge	deceit used in order to achieve one's goal; trickery	43
3159369879	hauteur	haughtiness of manner; disdainful pride; snobbery	44
3159371828	cordial	courteous and gracious; friendly; warm	45
3671583355	truculent	eager or quick to argue or fight; aggressively defiant	46
3671584746	docile	ready to accept control or instruction; submissive	47
3671587358	lecherous	having or showing excessive or offensive sexual desire	48
3671589544	vagrant	a person without a settled home or regular work who wanders from place to place and lives by begging	49
3671591709	imperious	assuming power or authority without justification; arrogant and domineering	50
3671594035	petulant	(of a person or their manner) childishly sulky or bad-tempered	51
3671597834	fatuous	silly and pointless	52
3671600310	titular	holding or constituting a purely formal position or title without any real authority; in title or name only; honorary	53
3671604524	doleful	expressing sorrow; mournful	54
3671605898	languid	lacking energy	55
3671607877	servile	having or showing an excessive willingness to serve or please others	56
3671609835	declivity	a downward slope	57
3671612141	veneration	great respect; reverence	58
3671613372	sidle	move sideways, especially in a shy or stealthy manner	59
3671616052	zenith	point of culmination; highest peak	60
3671617126	cantankerous	bad-tempered, argumentative, and uncooperative	61
3671619685	denunciation	public condemnation of someone or something	62
3671621695	gaunt	lean and haggard, especially because of suffering, hunger, or age	63
3671623576	proprietor	the owner of a business, or a holder of property	64
3671626798	arable	(of land) used or suitable for growing crops	65
3671629096	wrath	extreme anger aroused by a real or supposed wrong	66
3671631223	sodden	saturated with liquid, especially water; soaked through	67
3671632547	forlorn	pitifully sad and abandoned or lonely	68

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Flashcards

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AP Language Flashcards

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4056538881	allusion	A reference to some famous literary work, historical figure, or event. For example, to say that a friend "has the patience of Job" means that he is as enduring as the Biblical figure of that name.	0
4056538882	antithesis	The use of parallel structure to call attention to contrasts or opposites: some like it hot; some like it cold; Brutus: Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. Shakespeare, Julius Caesar	1
4056538883	argumentation	The writer's attempt to convince his reader to agree with him. It is based upon appeals to reason, evidence proving the argument, and sometimes emotion to persuade. Some attempt to merely prove a point, but others go beyond proving to inciting the reader to action. At the heart lies a debatable issue.	2
4056538884	coherence	The principle of clarity and logical adherence to a topic that binds together all parts of a composition.	3
4056538885	diction	Word choice. Determined by the audience and occasion of their writing.	4
4056538886	emphasis (emphatic force, emphatic strength)	A rhetorical principle that requires stress to be given to important elements in an essay at the expense of less important elements.	5
4056538887	figurative language	Said of a word or expression used in a nonliteral way. For example. The expression "to go the last mile" may have nothing at all to do with geographical distance, but may mean to complete an unfinished task or job.	6
4056538888	hyperbole	A figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement.	7
4056538889	image/imagery	A phrase or expression that evokes a picture or describes a scene. An image may be either literal, in which case it is a realistic attempt to depict with words what something looks like, or figurative, in which case the expression is used that likens the thing described to something else (e.g., "My love is like a red, red rose.").	8
4056538890	irony	The use of language in such a way that apparent meaning contrasts sharply with the real meaning. One famous example (in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar) is Antony's description of Brutus as "an honorable man." Since Brutus was one of Caesar's assassins, Antony meant just the opposite. A softer form of sarcasm and shares with it the same contrast between apparent and real meaning.	9
4056538891	verbal irony	The words literally state the opposite of the writer's (or speaker's) true meaning.	10
4056538892	situational irony	Events turn out the opposite of what was expected. What the characters and readers think ought to happen is what does happen.	11
4056538893	dramatic irony	Facts or events are unknown to a character in a play or piece of fiction but known to the reader, audience, or other characters in the work. Irony is used for many reasons, but frequently, it's used to create poignancy or humor.	12
4056538894	juxtaposition (contrast)	The arrangement of two or more ideas, phrases, words, etc. side-by-side or in similar narrative moments for the purpose of comparison, contrast, rhetorical effect, suspense, or character development.	13
4056538895	metaphor	A figurative image that implies the similarity between things otherwise dissimilar, as when the poet Robert Frost states "I have been acquainted with the night," meaning that he has survived despair.	14
4056538896	mood	The pervading impression made on the feelings of the reader. Can be gloomy, sad, joyful, bitter, frightening, and so forth.	15
4056538897	oxymoron "	From the Greek for "pointedly foolish," a figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox. Simple examples include "jumbo shrimp" and "cruel kindness.	16
4056538898	pacing	The speed at which a piece of writing moves along.	17
4056538899	paradox	A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity. The first scene of Macbeth, for example, closes with the witches' cryptic remark "Fair is foul, and foul is fair."	18
4056538900	parallelism	The principle of coherent writing requiring that coordinating elements be given the same grammatical form, as in Daniel Webster's dictum, "I was born an American; I will live an American; I will die an American." In other words, it's use of similar grammatical structures or forms for pleasing effect	19
4056538901	parody	A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule. Can distort or exaggerate distinctive features of the original. As ridicule, it mimics the work by repeating and borrowing words, phrases, or characteristics in order to illuminate weaknesses in the original.	20
4056538902	personification	Attributing human qualities to objects, abstractions, or animals: "Tis beauty calls and glory leads the way."	21
4056538903	point of view	The perspective from which a piece of writing is developed. In nonfiction the it is usually the author's. In fiction it can be first- or third-person point of view. In the first-person, the author becomes part of the narration and refers to himself as "I." In the third-person the narrator simply observes the action of the story. Third-person narrative is either omniscient (when the narrator knows everything about all of the characters) or limited (when the narrator knows only those things that might be apparent to a sensitive observer.)	22
4056538904	repetition	By repeating words or ideas, the persuasive writer emphasizes their importance and lodges them firmly in the minds of the audience.	23
4056538905	rhetoric	The art of using persuasive language. The art of analyzing all the choices involving language that a writer, speaker, reader, or listener might make in a situation so that the text becomes meaningful, purposeful, and effective; the specific features of texts, written or spoken, that cause them to be meaningful, purposeful, and effective for readers or listeners in a situation.	24
4056538906	simile	A figure of speech which, like the metaphor, implies a similarity between things otherwise dissimilar. Uses like, as, than.	25
4056538907	Juvenalian satire .	sharp and biting satire	26
4056538909	style	The way a writer writes. The expression of an author's individuality through the use of words, sentence patterns, and selection of details Any of the choices writers make while writing—about diction, sentence length, structure, rhythm, and figures of speech—that make their work sound like them.	27
4056538910	ad hominem argument	An argument that attacks the integrity or character of an opponent rather than the merits of an issue. Latin for "to the man." It is also informally known as "mud-slinging."	28
4056538911	alliteration	The repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables.	29
4056538912	analogy	- comparison that attempts to explain one idea or thing by likening it to another for the purpose of explaining or clarifying some unfamiliar or difficult idea or object by showing how the idea or object is similar to some familiar one.	30
4056538913	antimetabole	The repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast.	31
4056538914	anecdote	A brief narrative offered in a text to capture the audience's attention or to support a generalization or claim.	32
4056538915	appeal to ethos	appeal to ethics	33
4056538916	appeal to logos	appeal to logic	34
4056538917	appeal to pathos	appeal to emotion, an appeal to feelings rather than to strict reason; a legitimate ploy in an argument as long as it is not excessively or exclusively used.	35
4056538918	causal relationship (cause-and-effect relationship)	The relationship expressing, "If X is the cause, then Y is the effect," or "If Y is the effect, then X caused it"—for example, "If the state builds larger highways, then traffic congestion will just get worse because more people will move to the newly accessible regions," or "If students plagiarize their papers, it must be because the Internet offers them such a wide array of materials from which to copy."	36
4056538919	colloquialism	a word or expression acceptable in informal usage but inappropriate in formal discourse. A given word may have a standard as well a colloquial meaning. Bug, for example, is standard when used to refer to an insect; when used to designate a virus, i.e. "She's at home recovering from a bug," the word is a colloquialism.	37
4056538920	connotation	the implication of emotional overtones of a word rather than its literal meaning. Lion, used in a literal sense, denotes a beast (see denotation). But to say that Winston Churchill had "the heart of a lion" is to use the connotative or implied meaning of lion.	38
4056538921	denotation	The specific and literal meaning of the word as found in the dictionary. Opposite of connotation.	39
4056538922	euphemism	From the Greek word for "good speech," a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept. May be used to adhere to standards of social or political correctness or to add humor or ironic understatement. Saying "earthly remains" rather than "corpse" is an example of euphemism.	40
4056538923	generalization	a statement that asserts some broad truth based upon a knowledge of specific cases.	41
4056538924	logical fallacy	Errors in reasoning used by speakers or writers, sometimes in order to dupe their audiences. Most logical fallacies are based on insufficient evidence ("All redheads are passionate lovers"); or irrelevant information ("Don't let him do the surgery; he cheats on his wife"); or faulty logic ("If you don't quit smoking, you'll die of lung cancer").	42
4056538925	Horatian satire	which is gentle and smiling satire	43
4056538926	qualification	The act of limiting an argument through qualifying expressions, such as few, it is possible, rarely, most, perhaps, often.	44
4056538927	red herring	A side issue introduced into an argument in order to distract from the main argument. It is a common device of politicians: "Abortion may be a woman's individual right, but have you considered the danger of the many germ-infested abortion clinics?" Here the side issue of the dirty clinics clouds the ethical issue of the right or wrong of having an abortion.	45
4056538928	sarcasm	From the Greek meaning "to tear flesh," involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something.	46
4056538929	satire	Often an attack on a person. Also the use of wit and humor in order to ridicule society's weaknesses so as to correct them. In literature, two types of satire have been recognized	47
4056538930	slanting	The characteristic of selecting facts, words, or emphasis to achieve a preconceived intent: Favorable intent: "Although the Senator looks bored, when it comes time to vote he is on the right side of the issue." Unfavorable intent: "The Senator may vote on the right side of the issues, but he always looks bored."	48
4056538931	subordination	Expressing in a dependent clause, phrase, or single word any idea that is not significant enough to be expressed in a main clause or an independent sentence.	49
4056538932	tone	In every writing, the reflection of the writer's attitude toward subject and audience. Can be personal, formal or informal, objective or subjective.	50
4056538933	understatement (also called litotes (LAHY tuh teez))	A way of deliberately representing something as less than it is in order to stress its magnitude.	51
4056538934	voice	The presence or the sound of self chosen by the author. Most good writing sounds like someone delivering a message. The aim in a good student writing is to sound natural. Of course, the itwill be affected by the audience and occasion for writing. Voice is closely related to style.	52
4056538936	ad populem argument	A fallacious argument that appeals to the passions and prejudices of a group rather than its reason. An appeal for instance, to support an issue because it's the "American Way" is an ad populem argument.	53
4056538937	allegory	The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning. In some, for example, an author may intend the characters to personify an abstraction like hope or freedom. The symbolic meaning usually deals with moral truth or generalization about human existence.	54
4056538938	anaphora	the repetition of a group of words at the beginning of successive clauses	55
4056538939	aphorism	A terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle. (If the authorship is unknown, the statement is generally considered to be a folk proverb.) Can be a memorable summation of the author's point. "Expect nothing. Live frugally on surprise." Alice Walker	56
4056538940	apostrophe	A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. The effect may add familiarity or emotional intensity. William Wordsworth addresses John Milton as he writes, "Milton, thou shouldst be living at this hour: England hath need of thee."	57
4056538943	claim	The ultimate conclusion, generalization, or point, backed up by support, of an argument.	58
4056538944	cliché	A stale image or expression, and the bane of good expository writing. "White as a ghost"	59
4056538945	comparison/contrast	A rhetorical mode used to develop essays that systematically match two items for similarities and differences.	60
4056538946	complex sentence	A sentence with one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.	61
4056538947	concrete	Said of words or terms denoting objects or conditions that are palpable, visible, or otherwise evident to the senses. Concrete is the opposite of abstract.	62
4056538948	epistrophe	The repetition of the same word or group of wards at the ends of successive clauses.	63
4056538949	evidence	The logical bases or supports for an assertion or idea.	64
4056538950	genre	The major category into which a literary work fits. The basic divisions of literature are prose, poetry, and drama.	65
4056538951	inversion	The reversal of the normal order of words in a sentence to achieve some desired effect, usually emphasis. Inversion is a technique long used in poetry, although most modern poets shun it as too artificial. For examples of inversion, see Shakespeare's "That Time of Year" (Sonnet 73).	66
4056538952	loose sentence	A type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses. If a period were placed at the end of the independent clause, the clause would be a complete sentence. A work containing many of these often seems informal, relaxed, and conversational.	67
4056538953	metonymy (mi-TAWN-a-me)	A term from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name," a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. A news release that claims "the White House declared" rather than "the President declared" is using metonymy.	68
4056538954	periodic sentence	A sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. This independent clause is preceded by a phrase of clause that cannot stand alone. For example: "Ecstatic with my AP scores, I let out a loud shout of joy!" The effect is to add emphasis and structural variety.	69
4056538955	rhetorical question	A question posed with no expectation of receiving an answer. This device is often used in public speaking in order to launch or further discussion: "Do you know what one of the greatest pains is? One of the greatest pains in human nature is the pain of a new idea."	70
4056538956	synecdoche (suh-NEK-duh-kee)	A part of something used to refer to the whole—for example, "50 head of cattle" referring to 50 complete animals	71
4056538957	syntax	The ordering of words into meaningful verbal patterns such as phrases, clauses, and sentences. Requires correct grammar as well as effective sentence patters, including unity, coherence, and emphasis.	72
4056538958	transition	Words, phrases, sentences, or even paragraphs that indicate connections between the writer's ideas. Provide landmarks to guide the reader from one idea to the next so that the reader will not get lost.	73
4056538959	unity	The characteristic of having all parts contribute to the overall effect. In writing, an essay or paragraph is described as having this when all sentences develop one idea. The worst enemy is irrelevant material. A good rule is to delete all sentences that do not advance or prove the thesis (in an essay) or the topic sentence (in a paragraph).	74

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AP Language Flashcards

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5357806160	Anecdote	a short and amusing or interesting story about a real person or incident.	0
5357806161	Condescending	Having or feeling superior. patronizing or assuming superiority.	1
5357806162	Voice	An authors distinctive literary style, basic vision and general attitude toward the world. Revealed through the use of Syntax, Diction, Punctuation, Characterization, and Dialogue.	2
5357806166	Cogent	(of an argument or case) clear, logical, and convincing.	3
5357806171	Eloquence	fluent or persuasive speaking or writing.	4
5357806174	lucid	expressed clearly; easy to understand	5
5357806177	Biased	unfairly prejudiced for or against something or someone.	6
5357806179	Impartial	treating all rivals or disputants equally; fair and just.	7
5357806183	Plausible	(of an argument or statement) seeming reasonable or probable.	8
5357806184	Substantiated	provide evidence to support or prove that truth of.	9
5357806185	vindicated	clear (something) of blame or suspicion.	10
5357806186	Condescending	Having or feeling superior. patronizing or assuming superiority.	11
5357806189	Dictatorial	of or typical of a ruler with total control	12
5357806193	Patronizing	treat with an apparent kindness that betrays a feeling of superiority.	13

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AP Human Geo Language Flashcards

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4342868505	Creole	A language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated.	0
4342868506	Dialect	A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation	1
4342868507	Ebonics	Dialect spoken by some African Americans.	2
4342868508	Extinct Language	A language that was once used by people in daily activities but is no longer used.	3
4342868509	Franglais	A term used by the French for English words that have entered the French language	4
4342868510	Ideograms	The system of writing used in China and other East Asian countries in which each symbol represents an idea or concept rather than a specific sound, as is the case with letters in English.	5
4342868511	Isogloss	A boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate.	6
4342868512	Isolated Language	A language that is unrelated to any other languages and therefore not attached to any language family	7
4342868513	Language	A system of communication through the use of speech, a collection of sounds understood by a group of people to have the same meaning.	8
4342868514	Language Branch	a collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago	9
4342868515	Language Family	A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history.	10
4342868516	Language Group	A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary.	11
4342868517	Lingua Franca	A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages	12
4342868518	Literary tradition	A language that is written as well as spoken	13
4342868519	Official language	The language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents.	14
4342868520	Pidgin language	A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communications among speakers of two different languages.	15
4342868521	Spanglish	Combination of Spanish and English, spoken by Hispanic-Americans.	16
4342868522	Standard language	The form of a language used for official government business, education, and mass communications.	17
4342868523	Vulgar Latin	A form of Latin used in daily conversation by ancient Romans, as opposed to the standard dialect, which was used for official documents.	18
4342868524	hierarchical diffusion	A form of diffusion in which an idea or innovation spreads by passing first among the most connected places or peoples.	19
4342868525	Most numerous language speakers on earth:	Mandarin Chinese speakers	20
4342868526	Second most numerous speakers on earth:	Spanish speakers	21
4342868527	Third most numerous speakers on earth:	English speakers	22
4342868528	Fourth most numerous speakers on earth:	Arabic speakers	23
4342868529	Fifth most numerous speakers on earth:	Hindi speakers	24
4342868530	Accent	A way of pronouncing words that indicates the place of origin or social background of the speaker.	25
4342868531	Esperanto	A made-up Latin-based language, which its European proponents in the early twentieth century hoped would become a global language	26
4342868532	Orthography	The art or study of correct spelling according to established usage.	27
4342868533	Pidgin	when two or more languages are combined in a simplified structure and vocabulary	28
4342868534	Trade Language	A language used by speakers of a different native language for communication in commercial trade	29
4342868535	Vernacular	Everyday language of ordinary people	30
4342868536	Bilingual	Able to speak two languages	31
4342868537	Multilingual	able to speak several languages	32