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European History

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Scientific Revolution

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Before the Revolution Antiquity from Greeks and ?magic? Physics, astronomy, and medicine (most advances during SR) ?magic? Alchemy- matter could be understood and transformed by mixing substances and using a secret formula Paracleus suggested that metals and plants had medicinal properties Astrology- natural phenomena could be predicted if interpreted properly World could be understood through simple keys to nature Neo-Platonism, truth in essential but hidden forms Cabala- a Jewish system that suggested the universe was built around magical arrangement of numbers Pythagoras also suggested numerical patterns connected nature Things that lead to scientific revolution Europe?s fascination with technological invention Architects, navigators, engineers, weapon experts

europe, notes, great war,

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The Great War was the first “total war” in history because so many were involved world-wide and it was the largest war we have ever seen. Total war is mass civilian populations involved in the war effort. The Great war, also known as World War I, was massive and that is why it is considered a “total war” because of it’s size. Young men were being drafted and woman had to fill the men’s jobs at the factories because the men who operated the factories had been sent to war.

history notes

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The Monarchies of Great Britain and Russia both had one goal in mind, to be the greatest and most successful power, by having wealth and land, a structured government of sorts, to make laws and rule the people, and a military for battle. Each monarchy did things differently and put more effort in different areas and had a different theory of doing so.

Formation of Prussia

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Formation of Prussia B. Growth of Brandenburg-Prussia: 1. In spite of an unpromising site, Prussia likewise expanded because of the ?rules of the game? and a several key rulers. Its population was small, its farmland was poor, and it generally lacked the key natural resources. It was composed of two basic territories: Brandenburg, which was a ?march state,? and Prussia, an eastern territory carved out from the barbaric Slavs by the Teutonic knights, who had become ?Baltic Barons.? 2. The ruling family was the Hohenzollerns of Brandenburg who had inherited Prussia. They began expanding by the Treaty of Westphalia and had unified their disparate and divided land into a solid nucleus. Most importantly, they had built on militaristic traditions to develop a small,

The Reformation

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Chapter 11 Notes Society and Religion The Protestant Reformation happened when there was sharp conflict between the governments of emerging nation-states (that wanted centralization) People looked at the Reformation as an ally in their political struggles. Therefore, the Reformation became closely associated with ?states? rights.? Social and Political Conflict Cities were experiencing conflict among the government and citizens and also through social division. Certain groups favored the Reformation, such as guilds which were economically prospering and socially rising, while others did not support the Protestants. Popular Religious Movements and Criticism of the Church

The Reformation

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Chapter 11 Notes Society and Religion The Protestant Reformation happened when there was sharp conflict between the governments of emerging nation-states (that wanted centralization) People looked at the Reformation as an ally in their political struggles. Therefore, the Reformation became closely associated with ?states? rights.? Social and Political Conflict Cities were experiencing conflict among the government and citizens and also through social division. Certain groups favored the Reformation, such as guilds which were economically prospering and socially rising, while others did not support the Protestants. Popular Religious Movements and Criticism of the Church

french revolution

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Notes 11-18-11 French Revolution 1789-1815 Tricolor flag ? revolutionary flag, Lady liberty, Motto ? liberty (freedom), equality(among men, before the law), fraternity (brotherhood) Enlightenment ideals turned into practice Revolutionary period French society witnessed: Est. of constitutional monarchy Overthrow and execution of the king Intro of a liberal republic Reign of terror when thousands were sent to the guillotine Unsuccessful attempt at a constitutional govt. Advent of an emperor, Napoleon Bonaparte I Throughout most of the period, France was at war with neighbors Napoleon?s conquests in Europe extended France?s empire to the outskirts of Moscow before it ended in defeat at Waterloo In the end, the Bourbon dynasty was restored to power Political spectrum

Reformation table

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RELIGION ORIGINS SIN AND SALVATION AUTHORITY RITUALS AND WORSHIP COMMUNITY LIFE ANABAPTISM -1525 - Ulrich Zwingli ?followers that don?t exactly believe him become Anabaptist -in Zurich - Society is sinful -original sin (baptism) -Don?t believe in govt. and war -no clergy (no religious authority) ? equal in God?s eye -new testament of Bible (highest authority) -baptized new believers -baptism was your choice (adult baptism) -no church building - meet in homes - plain so not to distract them - no idolatry -Lived an isolated lives in forests of Holy Roman Empire -ostracized - tried to reject society in general LUTHERANISM -Martin Luther -1517 Salvation by faith alone Bible and God No clergy -ministers CALVINISM -John Calvin -Geneva, Switzerland -1541

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