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AP Stat Preliminary Terms

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Preliminary Terms
AP Statistics Preliminary Terms

Basic Statistics: Preliminary Review for Prospective AP Stat Students (Some/All Preliminary Terms from the textbook The Practice of Statistics Third Edition, some definitions may be mine, others are from the textbook or from Quizlet) Statistics ? the practice of collecting data, and drawing inferences and conclusions from it Data ? numbers with a context Exploratory Data Analysis ? using graphs and numerical summaries to describe variables in a data set and their relationship Probability ? the study of chance behavior Population ? the entire body of which a study wants to represent Sample ? part of the population, hopefully representative of it

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Experiment: the chance that leads to the outcomes (flipping a coin) Outcome: result of a single trial (heads) Sample space: all possible outcomes (two coins: HH TT HT TH) Event: some specific outcomes Classical Probability: The compliment of (E) = is the set of all numbers not included in the outcomes of event E (compliment of rolling a 4 on a die is 1,2,3,5,6) Empirical Probability: (50 people surveyed with 21 with blood type o, what?s the probability that someone has blood type o? 21/50 subjective probability: uses a probability based on and educated guess or estimate (weather forecasting, sports predictions) -two events are mutually exclusive when they cannot occur at the same time

Google Docs

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Google Docs Signing Up Enter: http:docs.google.com into your web browser. If you do not have a Google account, click the Get Started button. You do not need a gmail address to create a Google account, but you do need an email address. Complete every field and select I accept. Create my account. Sometimes the word verification is a little tricky, so you may have to do this more than once. After completing this step successfully, you will see a confirmation screen with instructions to check your email.

Chapter 7 Statistics Notes

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Ch. 7: Scatterplots, Association, and Correlation Scatterplots ? display quantitative data and show patterns, trends, relationships, and even the occasional extraordinary value often used to determine if there is an association between two variables direction ? negative: a pattern that runs from the upper left to the lower right positive: a pattern that runs from the lower left to the upper right form ? linear: a straight line relationship, appears as a cloud or swarm of points stretched out in a generally consistent, straight form if the relationship isn?t straight, but curves gently, while still increasing or decreasing steadily, we can often find ways to make it more nearly straight if it curves sharply, there is much less we can say about it

Chapter 10 Statistics Notes

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Chapter 10: Re-expressing Data Goals of Re-expression: Goal 1: Make the distribution of a variable more symmetric. Goal 2: Make the spread of several groups more alike. Goal 3: Make the form of a scatterplot more nearly linear. Goal 4: Make the scatter in a scatterplot spread out evenly rather than following a fan shape. Straightening Relationships: Re-expression can be done many ways. See Ladder of Powers at the end of the notes. The Ladder of Powers orders the effects that the re-expressions have on data. (If you try taking the square roots of all the values in a variable and it helps, but not enough, then moving farther down the ladder to the logarithm or reciprocal root will have a similar effect on your data, but even stronger.)

Math

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M & M Dot Plot ? Pie Chart ? Bar Graph M & M Colors Chart Red Green Orange Brown Blue # of M&M 1 5% 4 20% 6 30% 5 25% 4 20% Relative Frequency Home Runs Lou Gehrig v. Barry Bonds Stem plots Home Runs Lou Gehrig Barry Bonds 0 0 0 1 0 5 1 6 1 6 9 2 4 5 5 6 8 2 4 5 5 6 8 3 3 3 4 4 7 7 3 3 3 4 4 7 7 4 0 2 5 5 6 6 9 4 0 2 5 5 6 6 9 5 6 7 3 Key: 1|6 = 16 Back To Back Lou Gehrig Number of Home Runs Barry Bonds 1 0 0 0 5 6 1 6 9 9 7 0 2 4 5 5 6 8 7 5 4 2 0 3 3 3 4 4 7 7 9 9 7 6 1 4 0 2 5 5 6 6 9 5 6 7 3 Key: 1|6 = 16 Making Comparisons with Data Shape Symmetric Right Skewed

AP Stat Tips

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Content-Specific Tips I. Exploring Data? When you analyze one-variable data, always discuss shape, center, and spread.? Look for patterns in the data, and then for deviations from those patterns.? (a) If distribution is skewed right, then mean is greater than median. (b) If distribution is skewed left, then mean is less than median. Mean > median is not sufficient to show that a distribution is skewed right. Mean < median is not sufficient to show that a distribution is skewed left.?Don't confuse?standard deviation and variance. Know how transformations of a data set affect summary statistics. (a) Adding (or subtracting) the same positive number?k,?to (from) each element in a data set increases (decreases) the mean and median by?k.?The standard deviation and IQR do not change.

AP STAT Chapter 1 Outline

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chapter 1
Statistics
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Melanie Hill Period: 7, Mr. Best August 31st, 2012 AP Stat Summer Work Chapter 1: Case Study Data Analysis: Making Sense of Data Statistics is the science of data Data Analysis: Organizing, displaying, summarizing, and asking questions. Individuals and Variables Individuals: the objects described by a set of data Variable: Any characteristic of an individual Categorical Variable: places an individual into one of several groups or categories Quantitative Variable: Takes numerical values for which it makes sense to find an average. Not every that takes numerical value is quantitative: Zip Code Distribution: tells us what values the variables takes and how often it takes these values How to Explore Data Exam each variable by itself, then study the relationship between each

accounting

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Sheet1 Transaction Assets = Liabilies + Owner's Equity Cash Accts Rec-Lisa Lee Supplies Prepaid Ins Accts Pay- Kline Co Peter Smith Capital Beg Bal 1 5000 0 0 5000 -100 -100 New Bal2 4900 0 0 4900 -500 -500 New Bal3 4400 0 0 4400 -575 -575 New Bal4 4400 -575 -575 4400 -150 -150 New Bal5 4250 -575 0 0 0 -575 0 4250 1000 1000 New Bal6 4250 425 0 0 0 425 0 4250 2500 2500 New Bal7 6750 425 0 0 0 425 0 6750 -500 -500 New Bal8 6250 425 0 0 0 425 0 6250 -35 -35 New Bal9 6215 425 0 0 0 425 0 6215 1000 1000 New Bal10 7215 425 0 0 0 425 0 7215 450 450 Final Balance 7215 875 0 0 0 875 0 7215 Sheet2 Sheet3

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