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Chapter 7 Statistics Notes

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Ch. 7: Scatterplots, Association, and Correlation Scatterplots ? display quantitative data and show patterns, trends, relationships, and even the occasional extraordinary value often used to determine if there is an association between two variables direction ? negative: a pattern that runs from the upper left to the lower right positive: a pattern that runs from the lower left to the upper right form ? linear: a straight line relationship, appears as a cloud or swarm of points stretched out in a generally consistent, straight form if the relationship isn?t straight, but curves gently, while still increasing or decreasing steadily, we can often find ways to make it more nearly straight if it curves sharply, there is much less we can say about it

Chapter 10 Statistics Notes

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Chapter 10: Re-expressing Data Goals of Re-expression: Goal 1: Make the distribution of a variable more symmetric. Goal 2: Make the spread of several groups more alike. Goal 3: Make the form of a scatterplot more nearly linear. Goal 4: Make the scatter in a scatterplot spread out evenly rather than following a fan shape. Straightening Relationships: Re-expression can be done many ways. See Ladder of Powers at the end of the notes. The Ladder of Powers orders the effects that the re-expressions have on data. (If you try taking the square roots of all the values in a variable and it helps, but not enough, then moving farther down the ladder to the logarithm or reciprocal root will have a similar effect on your data, but even stronger.)

AP Stat Tips

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Content-Specific Tips I. Exploring Data? When you analyze one-variable data, always discuss shape, center, and spread.? Look for patterns in the data, and then for deviations from those patterns.? (a) If distribution is skewed right, then mean is greater than median. (b) If distribution is skewed left, then mean is less than median. Mean > median is not sufficient to show that a distribution is skewed right. Mean < median is not sufficient to show that a distribution is skewed left.?Don't confuse?standard deviation and variance. Know how transformations of a data set affect summary statistics. (a) Adding (or subtracting) the same positive number?k,?to (from) each element in a data set increases (decreases) the mean and median by?k.?The standard deviation and IQR do not change.

Statistics-Chi-squared in APES

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