Fiscal policy

Government budget deficit

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Balanced budget

Government debt

Deficit spending

United States public debt

Social Issues

Politics

Module 30: Long-run Implications of Fiscal Policy: Deficits and the Public Debt ? Why governments calculate the cyclically adjusted budget balance Why a large public debt may be a cause for concern Why implicit liabilities of the government are also a cause for concern ? Recession ? Expansionary fiscal policy ? Raising government spending/lowering taxes ? Aggregate demand curve shifts to the right Inflation ? Contractionary fiscal policy ? Lowering government spending/raising taxes ? Aggregate demand curve shifts to the left ? The Budget Balance as a Measure of Fiscal Policy Budget Balance: the difference between the government?s tax revenue and its spending in a given year T: value of tax revenues G: government purchases of goods and services

Krugman Macroeconomics Chapter 21

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Tax

Interaction between monetary and fiscal policies

Politics

Module 21: Fiscal Policy and the Multiplier ? Why fiscal policy has a multiplier effect How the multiplier effect is influenced by automatic stabilizers ? Multiplier Effects of an Increase in Government Purchases of Goods and Services Government purchase ? firms earn revenues ? money flows to households ? increase disposable income ? rise in consumer spending ? firms increase output ? rise in disposable income ? Multiplier Effects of Changes in Government Transfers and Taxes Fiscal Policy: government purchases of goods and services change transfer payments or taxes change in government transfers or taxes shifts the aggregate demand curve by less than an equal-sized change in government purchases

Krugman Macroeconomics Chapter 20

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Government budget deficit

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demand

Module 20: Economic Policy and the Aggregate Demand? Aggregate Supply Model How the AD?AS model is used to formulate macroeconomic policy The rationale for stabilization policy Why fiscal policy is an important tool for managing economic fluctuations Which policies constitute expansionary fiscal policy and which constitute contractionary fiscal policy ? ? Economy is self-correcting in the long run: it will eventually trend back to potential output Stabilization policy: is the use of government policy to reduce the severity of recessions and rein in excessively strong expansions ? Policy in the Face of Demand Shocks Monetary and fiscal policy shift the aggregate demand curve

Questions on Chapter 18: Economic Policy

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US Gov and Politics

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Supply-side economics

Roman Caposino March 6th, 2014 Chapter 18 #1-5 AP Government & Politics When the economy is thriving, the government tends to spend more money. Unfortunately, when the economy is not thriving, or even if it is, the government still spends way more money than it makes, creating a huge deficit. Generally, voting behaviors of politicians and economic conditions are not always correlated, both at national and local levels. Politicians do not vote within their spending limit sometimes, because they know the federal government will pay for their deficit.

Aggregate demand_ Macroecon

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demand

AGGREGATE DEMAND WITH AD, WE ARE TALKING ABOUT THE AGGREGATE DEMAND PL RISING FOR ALL GOODS AND SERVICES IN THE ECONOMY WEALTH EFFECT INTREST RATE EFFECT Decline in price level means lower intrest rates WHY IS AG DOWNSLOPING? Changes in Expectations Changes in Weath Size of existing stock of physical capital Shifts of the AD curve Fiscal Policy Monetary Policy AD= C+I+G+ (x-m) Government Policies and AD
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Economics Commentary (IB, IA)

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Recession

unemployment

Fiscal multiplier

Economic history of Mexico

Commentary This article is about a recent decline in England?s economy, and how it may affect us on a macroeconomic level (i.e. the country?s future in regards to its, monetary policy, employment, GDP, and inflation). As England endures their economic recession we?ve seen an increase in unemployment, reductions in salaries and wages, and a decrease in consumer confidence.

Economics Commentary (IB, IA)

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Recession

unemployment

Fiscal multiplier

Economic history of Mexico

Commentary This article is about a recent decline in England?s economy, and how it may affect us on a macroeconomic level (i.e. the country?s future in regards to its, monetary policy, employment, GDP, and inflation). As England endures their economic recession we?ve seen an increase in unemployment, reductions in salaries and wages, and a decrease in consumer confidence.

Macroeconomics Formula Sheet

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Expansionary monetary policy

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Fiscal policy

Fiscal multiplier

monetary policy

Multiplier

Supply-side economics

Inflationary Gap: At Capacity, The difference between Planned Expenditure and Agg. Output (rise in price not met with rise in Y) Causes of Inflation: Demand Pull ? initiated by MD? Cost Push/Supply-Side ? caused by ?Costs and ?Supply Stagflation- Causes both Y? P? - BAD NEWS Expectations: Of price increases cause companies to collectively pre-empt by increasing prices causing the real price to rise Monetary/Fiscal: Expansionary monetary/Fiscal policy at capacity will also push up AD causing inflation Lags: Recognition, Implementation -much longer for Fiscal Policies, Response - time it takes for the economy to adjust after implementation- much longer for Monetary Policies)

Ch 7 econ notes

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Government budget deficit

Political debates about the United States federal budget

Balance of trade