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Contemporary history

Rise of Islam Chapter 8

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Ch. 8: The Rise of Islam, 600-1200 The Origins of Islam The Rise and Fall of the Caliphate, 632-1258 Islamic Civilization Political -Umayyad Caliphate (661-750); Imam ? leader of the Muslim community; rule Arab empire, not Muslim empire -Umar (r. 634-644) ? army service with regular pay, windfalls of booty, residence in large military camps (Iraq?2, Egypt?1, Tunisia?1) -Umayyad ? adopt administrative practices of Sasanid and Byzantine predecessors; no coherent missionary efforts to spread Islam -Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258)? Khurasan; created a refined and cosmopolitan culture in Baghdad capital( ?golden age?) -Samanids, Fatamids, Spanish Umayyads, Buyids -Seljuk Turks -Saladin takes Jerusalem (1187); Crusades have little lasting impact on Islamic lands -Mongols

Martin Luther King Jr.-Letter from a Birmingham Jail Essay

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The Upside of Extremism In 1963, at the height of racial segregation in the southern United States, Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested for a non-violent protest in Birmingham, Alabama. King?s arrest caused many of his religious peers to examine his methods. Eight of his fellow clergymen responded to his actions in a letter that questioned why he found it necessary to protest segregation. In his Letter from a Birmingham Jail, Martin Luther King Jr. addresses his fellow clergymen on the necessity of civil disobedience in overcoming segregation. His primary rhetorical strategies are appeals to religion and patriotism, and while the biblical allusions may at first appear to be his primary method, patriotism takes precedence.

American History: A Survey, 13th Edition Textbook outline

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