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Behavioural sciences

Themes & Variations: Chapter 1

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What is psychology?? ? ? ?| ? ? ?------> THE STUDY OF BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR!!!! Psych is a science based off of EMPIRICISM - direct observation & tested? PSYCHOLOGY = PHYSIOLOGY + PHILOSOPHY Wilhem Wundt- FATHER OF PSYCHOLOGY In 1879, founded 1st formal laboratory for psychologial research at University of Leipzig, Germany 1st Lab Conscience experiment: attention memory time reaction G. Stanley Hall America's FIRST lab FIRST psych journal FIRST President of APA "Schools" - US Structuralism- ?"What" analyze ?into basic elements sensations feelings images? ? ? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?did it through INTROSPECTION - own conscious experience (APART OF FUNCTIONALISM TOO) Functionalism- "Why" William James function- purpose of consciousness mental testing sex differences dev. patterns

Names of Psychologists

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Psychologists Alfred Adler Neo-Freudian but disagreed with Freud?s emphasis on the unconscious, instinctual drives, and the importance of sexuality and had a more positive view Believed we are social creatures governed by social urges, we strive for superiority Talked about how people attempt to compensate for their shortcomings Mary Ainsworth Secure attachment- stable and positive Anxious-Ambivalent- desire to be with a parent and some resistance to being reunited Avoidant- tendency to avoid reunion with parent Gordon Allport Trait Theorist Central- the core traits that characterize an individual personality Secondary- traits that are inconsistent or relatively superficial Cardinal- so basic that all of a person?s activities relate to it Solomon Asch

Main AP Psychology Topics

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2013 main ideas I. History and Approaches (2?4%) Psychology has evolved markedly since its inception as a discipline in 1879. There have been significant changes in the theories that psychologists use to explain behavior and mental processes. In addition, the methodology of psychological research has expanded to include a diversity of approaches to data gathering. students should be able to do the following: ? Recognize how philosophical perspectives shaped the development of psychological thought. ? Describe and compare different theoretical approaches in explaining behavior: ? structuralism, functionalism, and behaviorism in the early years; ? Gestalt, psychoanalytic/psychodynamic, and humanism emerging later;

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