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Polymorphism

Pearson Ch. 23 - The Evolution of Populations

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Biology
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Population genetics
Allele frequency
Dominance
Balancing selection
Genetic drift
Natural selection
Genetic variation
Hardy–Weinberg principle
Heterozygote advantage
evolution
Genotype frequency
Polymorphism

Ch 23: The Evolution of Populations Overview Microevolution is a change in allele frequencies in a population over generations Concept 23.1: Genetic variation makes evolution possible Genetic Variation Genetic variation among individuals is caused by differences in genes or other DNA segments Phenotype is the product of inherited genotype and environmental influences Natural selection can only act on variation with a genetic component Formation of New Alleles New genes and alleles can arise by mutation or gene duplication A mutation is a heritable change in nucleotide sequence of DNA Only mutations in cells that produce gametes can be passed to offspring A point mutation is a change in one base in a gene The effects of point mutations can vary:

Big Ideas

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Biology
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Evolutionary biology
Biology
Philosophy of biology
evolution
Natural selection
Evidence of common descent
Phylogenetics
Species
Polymorphism
Genetic drift
Cladistics
Genetic variation

Big Idea 1: The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life Enduring Understanding 1.A- Change in the genetic makeup of a population over time is evolution Essential knowledge 1.A.1: Natural selection is a major mechanism of evolution According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, competition for limited resources results in differential survival. Individuals with more favorable phenotypes are more likely to survive and produce more offspring thus passing traits to subsequent generation. (Fitness) Evolutionary fitness is measured by reproductive success Genetic variation and mutation play roles in natural selection. A diverse gene pool is important for the survival of a species in a changing environment.

Chapter 1- Campbell Biology

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Biology
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Biology
Genetics
Developmental biology
Evolutionary biology
Polymorphism
Coral snake
Elapidae
DNA
Eukaryote
Geospiza
Gene
Snake

Chapter 1 Exploring Life Figure 1.1 Biology is the science that focuses on life Figure 1.2 Some properties of life (c) Response to the environment (a) Order (d) Regulation (g) Reproduction (f) Growth and development (b) Evolutionary adaptation (e) Energy processing Figure 1.3 Exploring Levels of Biological Organization 1 The biosphere 2 Ecosystems 3 Communities 4 Populations 5 Organisms 8 Cells 6 Organs and organ systems 7 Tissues 10 Molecules 9 Organelles 50 ?m 10 ?m 1 ?m Cell Atoms Figure 1.4 Basic scheme for energy flow through an ecosystem Producers (plants and other photosynthetic organisms) Consumers (including animals) Sunlight Chemical energy Heat Heat Ecosystem

Darwin Inquiry and Articles

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Biology
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Biology
Endemic birds of the Galápagos Islands
Evolutionary biology
Philosophy of biology
Evolutionary biologists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Darwin's finches
Polymorphism
Finch
Peter and Rosemary Grant
Adaptive radiation
Tanager

Darwin?s Finches: HARVARD GAZETTE ARCHIVES Copyright 2006 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College Arkhat Abzhanov checks out a selection of Darwin's finches preserved in the Harvard Museum of Natural History. He and his colleagues discovered a molecule that controls the length of the birds' beaks, which enhance their ability to survive on available seeds and insects. (Staff photo Kris Snibbe/Harvard News Office) How Darwin's finches got their beaks: A gene's-eye view of evolution William J. Cromie, Harvard News Office: Modified for A.G.B.U. Manoogian School
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