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Animal anatomy

animal diversity part2

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1 Acknowledgement: Nearly all materials in these three Animal Diversity labs are adapted from Seattle Community College Bio 212 online lab material. Animal Diversity Three IX Phylum Echinodermata The approximately 7,000 species of echinoderms are spiny skinned, slow moving or sessile marine animals that are voracious feeders. Adults have an unusual symmetry not found in any other animal. They have a pentamerous radial symmetry, meaning that the body is arranged into five (or multiples of five) repeating units radiating from a central area. However, their larval stages have bilateral symmetry which changes to pentamerous during development. Embryological development follows the typical deuterostome pattern.

Bio Ch. 42

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Acclimatization - short-term, reversible responses to environmental fluctuations // phenotypic change in an individual in response to short-term changes in the natural environment. The ability to acclimatize is itself an adaptation. As an individual develops, the embryonic tissues give rise to four adult tissue types: 1. Connective tissue loose connective tissue - fibrous proteins in a soft matrix; serves as a packing material b/w organs or padding under the skin (ex: reticular connective tissue in lymphoid organs such as the spleen and bone marrow/ adipose tissue or fat tissue are loose connective tissues made up of cells suspended in a matrix of fibers and fluid) dense connective tissue - found in tendons and ligaments that connect muscles, bones,

Mammals 3

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Different types of mammals have different types of teeth - depending on their diet Predators have large canines Herbivores have large flat molars
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Mammals 2

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Specialized Teeth Incisors - biting Canines - stabbing, holding molars - crushing, grinding
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Skeleton

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> Life Size Printout Adult, Modern Homo sapiens Understanding the human skeleton is important for learning about human and nonhuman primate anatomy. Some of the defining characteristics for humans include our height and our skeletal adaptations for bipedalism. This printout will help you learn about the human skeleton and identify some of the important features of our skeletal anatomy. This document contains an outline of an adult human standing 187 ? cm tall (or 6?2?). Modern humans average a height of 162 centimeters (or 5?3?) tall for female, and 175 centimeters (5?7?) tall for males. Instructions for Printing Life Size Printout: Print pages 3 through 23 of this document on standard 8 ?? x 11? pages (portrait).

Anatomy Skin

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Describe the characteristics of first, second and third degree burns. First degree: epidermal damage; redness; minor pain ? Second degree: blisters; some dermal damage; pain; regeneration possible ? Third degree: dermal layer destroyed; no pain b/c nerve endings destroyed; requires grafting b/c regeneration impossible ? What skin layer provides the main defense against bacteria and injury (book 155)? Stratum corneum (lots of layers and keratinized) What is another name for an outward thickening of the stratum corneum (horny layer) of the skin (book 152)? Callus (from persistent friction which increases cell production) ? Which layer of epidermal cells is mitotic? Stratum basale (germinativum) where new keratinocytes are being formed

Anatomy Skin

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Describe the characteristics of first, second and third degree burns. First degree: epidermal damage; redness; minor pain ? Second degree: blisters; some dermal damage; pain; regeneration possible ? Third degree: dermal layer destroyed; no pain b/c nerve endings destroyed; requires grafting b/c regeneration impossible ? What skin layer provides the main defense against bacteria and injury (book 155)? Stratum corneum (lots of layers and keratinized) What is another name for an outward thickening of the stratum corneum (horny layer) of the skin (book 152)? Callus (from persistent friction which increases cell production) ? Which layer of epidermal cells is mitotic? Stratum basale (germinativum) where new keratinocytes are being formed
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