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Oncogene

Pearson Ch. 18 - Regulation of Gene Expression

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Ch 18 - Regulation of Gene Expression Overview: Conducting the Genetic Orchestra Prokaryotes and eukaryotes alter gene expression in response to their changing environment In multicellular eukaryotes, gene expression regulates development and is responsible for differences in cell types RNA molecules play many roles in regulating gene expression in eukaryotes Concept 18.1: Bacteria often respond to environmental change by regulating transcription metabolic control occurs on two levels cells can adjust the activity of enzymes already present feedback inhibition - presence of enzyme a shuts down synthesis of more enzyme a by inhibiting activity cells can regulate the expression of the genes encoding the enzymes Operons: The Basic Concept

ap_bio_chap_16_development_stem_cells_cancer.ppt

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Overview: Orchestrating Life?s Processes The development of a fertilized egg into an adult requires a precisely regulated program of gene expression Understanding this program has progressed mainly by studying model organisms Stem cells are key to the developmental process Orchestrating proper gene expression by all cells is crucial for life Figure 16.1 Concept 16.1: A program of differential gene expression leads to the different cell types in a multicellular organism A fertilized egg gives rise to many different cell types Cell types are organized successively into tissues, organs, organ systems, and the whole organism Gene expression orchestrates the developmental programs of animals A Genetic Program for Embryonic Development

Cancer

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BIOLOGY NOTES MONDAY 17, 2014 (CHAPTER 11) 6 Characteristics of cancerous cells Grow when should not Continue to grow when other cells send ?stop? signals When change in their DNA, Apoptosis doesn?t occur Can co-opt vascular system creating new blood vessels Immortal (MOST IMPORTANT) Can metastasis, which moving to other parts Mutations in 2 types of genes cause cancer Positive growth regulators Negative growth regulators Explain how the mutations cause runaway all proliferation More positive growth, results in hyperactivity Uncontrolled cell division, No brakes 2 types of genes Proto-oncogene- Normal Function- Promote cell division (code for positive growth regulator) Mutation- Runaway cell division causing hyperactivity

Cancer

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BIOLOGY NOTES MONDAY 17, 2014 (CHAPTER 11) 6 Characteristics of cancerous cells Grow when should not Continue to grow when other cells send ?stop? signals When change in their DNA, Apoptosis doesn?t occur Can co-opt vascular system creating new blood vessels Immortal (MOST IMPORTANT) Can metastasis, which moving to other parts Mutations in 2 types of genes cause cancer Positive growth regulators Negative growth regulators Explain how the mutations cause runaway all proliferation More positive growth, results in hyperactivity Uncontrolled cell division, No brakes 2 types of genes Proto-oncogene- Normal Function- Promote cell division (code for positive growth regulator) Mutation- Runaway cell division causing hyperactivity
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